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Darling AM, Yazdy MM, García MH, Carmichael SL, Shaw GM, Nestoridi E. Preconception dietary glycemic index and risk for large-for-gestational age births. Nutrition 2024; 119:112322. [PMID: 38199030 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diets with a high glycemic index (GI) leading to elevated postprandial glucose levels and hyperinsulinemia during pregnancy have been inconsistently linked to an increased risk for large-for-gestational-age (LGA) births. The effects of prepregnancy dietary GI on LGA risk are, to our knowledge, unknown. We examined the association of prepregnancy dietary GI with LGA births and joint associations of GI and maternal overweight/obesity and infant sex with LGA births among 10 188 infants born without congenital anomalies from 1997 to 2011, using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). The aim of this study was to investigate this association among infants without major congenital anomalies (controls) who participated in the NBDPS and to evaluate how prepregnancy BMI and infant sex may modify this association on the additive scale. METHODS Dietary intake was ascertained using a 58-item food frequency questionnaire. We dichotomized dietary GI into high and low categories using spline regression models. Infants with a birth weight at or above the 90th percentile for gestational age and sex, according to a U.S. population reference, were considered LGA. We used logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of the infants, 859 (9%) had a high dietary GI (cut-point: 59), and 1244 infants (12%) were born LGA. Unadjusted analysis suggested an inverse association between high dietary GI and LGA (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62-0.99). No association was observed in multivariable models when comparing high dietary GI intake between LGA births and all other births (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.74-1.20) or when excluding small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.73-1.19). No joint associations with maternal overweight/obesity or infant sex were observed. CONCLUSION High prepregnancy maternal GI was not associated with LGA births independently of or jointly with other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Darling
- Bureau of Family Health and Nutrition, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Mahsa M Yazdy
- Bureau of Family Health and Nutrition, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michelle Huezo García
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Suzan L Carmichael
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States; Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine and Obstetrics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States
| | - Eirini Nestoridi
- Bureau of Family Health and Nutrition, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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2
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Aji AS, Lipoeto NI, Yusrawati Y, Malik SG, Kusmayanti NA, Susanto I, Nurunniyah S, Alfiana RD, Wahyuningsih W, Majidah NM, Vimaleswaran KS. Impact of maternal dietary carbohydrate intake and vitamin D-related genetic risk score on birth length: the Vitamin D Pregnant Mother (VDPM) cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:690. [PMID: 36071390 PMCID: PMC9450237 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-05020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our objectives were to investigate the relationship between maternal vitamin D status and IGF-1 levels in healthy Minangkabau pregnant mothers and their impact on newborn anthropometry outcomes and to examine whether this relationship was modified by dietary intake using a nutrigenetic approach. Methods Healthy singleton pregnant mother and infant pairs (n = 183) were recruited. We created three genetic risk scores (GRSs): a six-SNP GRS based on six vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in the synthesis of vitamin D (vitamin D-GRS), a two-SNP GRS using SNPs in VDR genes (VDR-GRS) and a four-SNP GRS using SNPs from DHCR7, GC, CYP24A1 and CYP2R1 genes (non-VDR GRS). The effect of the GRSs on IGF-1, vitamin D and newborn anthropometry and the interaction between the GRSs and dietary factors were tested using linear regression analysis. Results The vitamin D- and non-VDR GRSs were significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration (p = 0.005 and p = 0.001, respectively); however, there was no significant association with IGF-1, and newborn anthropometry outcomes. However, there was a significant interaction of VDR-GRS with carbohydrate intake on birth length outcome (Pinteraction = 0.032). Pregnant mothers who had higher carbohydrate intake (405.88 ± 57.16 g/day) and who carried ≥ 2 risk alleles of VDR-GRS gave birth to babies with significantly lower birth lengths compared to babies born to mothers with < 2 risk alleles (p = 0.008). Conclusion This study identified a novel interaction between VDR-GRS and carbohydrate intake on birth length outcome. These findings suggest that reducing the intake of carbohydrates during pregnancy, particularly for those who have a higher genetic susceptibility, might be an effective approach for preventing foetal growth abnormalities.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-05020-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Sabta Aji
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia.,Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, 25127, Indonesia
| | - Yusrawati Yusrawati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, 25127, Indonesia
| | - Safarina G Malik
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | | | - Isman Susanto
- Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurunniyah
- Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia.,Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Ratih Devi Alfiana
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
- Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Nur Mukhlishoh Majidah
- Graduate School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Alma Ata University, Bantul, 55183, Indonesia
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, UK. .,Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
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Mulcahy MC, Tellez-Rojo MM, Cantoral A, Solano-González M, Baylin A, Bridges D, Peterson KE, Perng W. Maternal carbohydrate intake during pregnancy is associated with child peripubertal markers of metabolic health but not adiposity. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:2541-2553. [PMID: 34814962 PMCID: PMC9991622 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021004614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of trimester-specific maternal prenatal carbohydrate (CHO) intake with offspring adiposity and metabolic health during peripuberty. DESIGN Prospective cohort study in which maternal dietary intake was collected via validated FFQ during each trimester. Offspring adiposity and metabolic biomarkers were evaluated at age 8-14 years. We used multivariable linear regression to examine associations between total energy-adjusted maternal CHO intake and offspring BMI z-score, skinfold thickness and metabolic syndrome risk z-score calculated as the average of waist circumference, fasting glucose, fasting C-peptide, TAG:HDL and systolic blood pressure + diastolic blood pressure/2. SETTING Mexico City, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS 237 mother-child pairs in the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants cohort. RESULTS We found non-linear associations of maternal CHO intake during pregnancy with offspring metabolic health during peripuberty. After adjusting for maternal age, and child age, sex and pubertal status, children whose mothers were in the fourth v. first quartile of total CHO intake during the third trimester had 0·42 (95 % CI -0·01, 0·08) ng/ml lower C-peptide and 0·10 (95 % CI -0·02, 0·22) units lower C-peptide insulin resistance (CP-IR). We found similar magnitude and direction of association with respect to net CHO intake during the first trimester and offspring C-peptide and CP-IR. Maternal CHO intake during pregnancy was not associated with offspring adiposity. CONCLUSIONS In this study of mother-child pairs in Mexico City, children born to women in the highest quartile of CHO intake during pregnancy had lowest C-peptide and CP-IR during peripuberty. Additional research is warranted to replicate and identify mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Mulcahy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha Maria Tellez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Cantoral
- Department of Health, Universidad Iberoamericana, Prolongación Paseo de Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, Ciudad de México, C.P. 01219, Mexico
| | - Maritsa Solano-González
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dave Bridges
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Perng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Latremouille S, Lam J, Shalish W, Sant'Anna G. Neonatal heart rate variability: a contemporary scoping review of analysis methods and clinical applications. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e055209. [PMID: 34933863 PMCID: PMC8710426 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal heart rate variability (HRV) is widely used as a research tool. However, HRV calculation methods are highly variable making it difficult for comparisons between studies. OBJECTIVES To describe the different types of investigations where neonatal HRV was used, study characteristics, and types of analyses performed. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Human neonates ≤1 month of corrected age. SOURCES OF EVIDENCE A protocol and search strategy of the literature was developed in collaboration with the McGill University Health Center's librarians and articles were obtained from searches in the Biosis, Cochrane, Embase, Medline and Web of Science databases published between 1 January 2000 and 1 July 2020. CHARTING METHODS A single reviewer screened for eligibility and data were extracted from the included articles. Information collected included the study characteristics and population, type of HRV analysis used (time domain, frequency domain, non-linear, heart rate characteristics (HRC) parameters) and clinical applications (physiological and pathological conditions, responses to various stimuli and outcome prediction). RESULTS Of the 286 articles included, 171 (60%) were small single centre studies (sample size <50) performed on term infants (n=136). There were 138 different types of investigations reported: physiological investigations (n=162), responses to various stimuli (n=136), pathological conditions (n=109) and outcome predictor (n=30). Frequency domain analyses were used in 210 articles (73%), followed by time domain (n=139), non-linear methods (n=74) or HRC analyses (n=25). Additionally, over 60 different measures of HRV were reported; in the frequency domain analyses alone there were 29 different ranges used for the low frequency band and 46 for the high frequency band. CONCLUSIONS Neonatal HRV has been used in diverse types of investigations with significant lack of consistency in analysis methods applied. Specific guidelines for HRV analyses in neonates are needed to allow for comparisons between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Latremouille
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Justin Lam
- Medicine, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wissam Shalish
- Division of Neonatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guilherme Sant'Anna
- Division of Neonatology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Wang T, Grech A, Dissanayake HU, Boylan S, Skilton MR. Modeling the Effect of Environmentally Sustainable Food Swaps on Nutrient Intake in Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103355. [PMID: 34684355 PMCID: PMC8537316 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food production greatly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), but there remain concerns that consuming environmentally sustainable foods can increase the likelihood of nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy. We identified commonly consumed foods of pregnant women and determined the effect of their replacement with environmentally sustainable alternatives on nutrient intake and measures of environmental sustainability. Dietary intake data from 171 pregnant women was assessed and foods that contributed the most to energy and protein intake were identified. Of these, foods producing the highest GHG emissions were matched with proposed environmentally sustainable alternatives, and their impact on nutrient provision determined. Meats, grains, and dairy products were identified as important sources of energy and protein. With the highest GHG emissions, beef was selected as the reference food. Proposed alternatives included chicken, eggs, fish, tofu, legumes, and nuts. The most pronounced reductions in CO2 emissions were from replacing beef with tofu, legumes, and nuts. Replacing one serve per week of beef with an isocaloric serve of firm tofu during pregnancy could reduce GHG emissions by 372 kg CO2 eq and increase folate (+28.1 µg/serve) and fiber (+3.3 g/serve) intake without compromising iron (+1.1 mg/serve) intake. Small dietary substitutions with environmentally sustainable alternatives can substantially reduce environmental impact without compromising nutrient adequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.G.); (H.U.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Allison Grech
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.G.); (H.U.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Hasthi U. Dissanayake
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.G.); (H.U.D.); (S.B.)
| | - Sinead Boylan
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.G.); (H.U.D.); (S.B.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael R. Skilton
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (A.G.); (H.U.D.); (S.B.)
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and Their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8627-1916
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Souza RCVE, Miranda C, Ferreira LB, Dos Santos LC. The Influence of Nutrients Intake during Pregnancy on Baby's Birth Weight: A Systematic Review. J Trop Pediatr 2021; 67:6290306. [PMID: 34059907 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Maternal food intake during pregnancy can substantially interfere in the baby's anthropometric measurements at birth. Our objective was to perform a systematic review that investigate the influence of nutrient intake via food during pregnancy on the baby's anthropometric measurements at birth. METHODS A search was performed without time limits on CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases and manual on studies references. All nutrients and baby's anthropometric measurements at birth were included as descriptors. RESULTS Thirty articles were included, the majority of prospective cohort studies, with 15.39 (2.36) quality points (maximum value: 22). Thirty-six results of associations were found, of which 17 studies had direct associations between nutrient intake and birth outcomes. Inverse associations were identified in 8 studies and 11 articles showed no significant associations in all analyses. Maternal food intake of vitamin C, calcium and magnesium during pregnancy seems to have a positive influence on the baby's birth weight, while carbohydrates intake have an inverse association with the same outcome. CONCLUSION It is suggested that vitamin C, calcium, magnesium and carbohydrates influence on baby's birth weight. So, these specific nutrients need more attention to the consumption, in addition to carried out new studies, with robust methodologies for measuring maternal food consumption and considering the several factors that can interfere in this assessment. REGISTRATION This review has been registered to the PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) (ID: CRD42020167889).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristianny Miranda
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Larissa Bueno Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luana Caroline Dos Santos
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Mckenzie KM, Nasir R, Kong Y, Dissanayake HU, McMullan R, Gordon A, Meroni A, Phang M, Skilton MR. Maternal Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and Newborn Aortic Wall Thickness. Nutrients 2021; 13:1382. [PMID: 33924014 PMCID: PMC8073292 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence from animal models indicates that maternal diet during pregnancy affects offspring cardiometabolic health. Improving carbohydrate quality during high-risk pregnancies reduces aortic intima-medial thickness; a marker for early atherosclerosis; in the infant offspring. We sought to determine whether maternal carbohydrate quantity and quality are associated with newborn aortic intima-medial thickness in healthy pregnancies. Maternal diet throughout pregnancy was evaluated in 139 mother-child dyads using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Carbohydrate intake was expressed as quantity (% total energy), quality (fibre, glycaemic index), and glycaemic burden (glycaemic load). Aortic intima-medial thickness was measured by high-frequency ultrasound of the neonatal abdominal aorta. Neither quantity nor quality of maternal carbohydrate intake during pregnancy was associated with meaningful differences in offspring maximum aortic intima-medial thickness with the exception of fibre intake in women with overweight or obesity which was inversely associated (-8 μm [95% CI -14, -1] per g fibre, p = 0.04). In healthy pregnancy, the quantity and quality of maternal carbohydrate intake is likely not a meaningful modifiable lifestyle factor for influencing offspring vascular health. The effect of carbohydrate quality may only be evident in high-risk pregnancies, consistent with previous findings. These findings may be confirmed in prospective dietary trials in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty M. Mckenzie
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Reeja Nasir
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Yang Kong
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Hasthi U. Dissanayake
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Rowena McMullan
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Adrienne Gordon
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Alice Meroni
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Melinda Phang
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Michael R. Skilton
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.M.M.); (R.N.); (Y.K.); (H.U.D.); (R.M.); (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
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Olaniyi KS, Sabinari IW, Olatunji LA. Oral L-glutamine rescues fructose-induced poor fetal outcome by preventing placental triglyceride and uric acid accumulation in Wistar rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05863. [PMID: 33426346 PMCID: PMC7777114 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic adaptation of pregnant mothers is crucial for placental development and fetal growth/survival. However, evidence exists that indiscriminate consumption of fructose-enriched drink (FED) during pregnancy disrupts maternal-fetal metabolic tolerance with attendant adverse fetal outcomes. Glutamine supplementation (GLN) has been shown to exert a modulatory effect in metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, the effects of GLN on FED-induced poor fetal outcome, and in particular the impacts on placental uric acid/lipid accumulation are unknown. The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that oral GLN improves fetal outcome by attenuating placental lipid accumulation and uric acid synthesis in pregnant rats exposed to FED. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats (160-180 g) were randomly allotted to control, GLN, FED and FED + GLN groups (6 rats/group). The groups received vehicle by oral gavage, glutamine (1 g/kg) by oral gavage, fructose (10%; w/v) and fructose + glutamine, respectively, through gestation. RESULTS Data showed that FED during pregnancy caused placental inefficiency, reduced fetal growth, and caused insulin resistance with correspondent increase in fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin. FED also resulted in an increased placental triglyceride, total cholesterol and de novo uric acid synthesis by activating adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities. Moreover, FED during pregnancy led to increased lipid peroxidation, lactate production with correspondent decreased adenosine and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-dependent antioxidant defense. These alterations were abrogated by GLN supplementation. CONCLUSION These findings implicate that high FED intake during pregnancy causes poor fetal outcome via defective placental uric acid/triglyceride-dependent mechanism. The findings also suggest that oral GLN improves fetal outcome by ameliorating placental defects through suppression of uric acid/triglyceride accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde Samuel Olaniyi
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Isaiah Woru Sabinari
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji
- HOPE Cardiometabolic Research Team & Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Speer KE, Semple S, Naumovski N, McKune AJ. Heart rate variability for determining autonomic nervous system effects of lifestyle behaviors in early life: A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2020; 217:112806. [PMID: 31954147 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unhealthy lifestyle negatively alters autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity as reflected by decreased heart rate variability (HRV), increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Research investigating the effect of modifiable lifestyle factors on ANS activity in young children is limited. Early identification of these risk factors is vital to improving long-term individual and public health outcomes. A systematic review was conducted to assess the effect of maternal or child modifiable lifestyle factors on child ANS activity. METHODS Following the 2009 PRISMA guidelines, three electronic databases were searched from February 2018 - July 2019 for articles describing human trials between 1996 - 2019. Included studies examined ANS activity of children between 28 weeks gestational age - 6 years in relation to modifiable lifestyle CVD risk factors. RESULTS Twenty-six studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies reported that modifiable lifestyle factors significantly influenced the HRV of children. Increased HRV was significantly associated with higher maternal zinc and omega-3 fatty acid intake, regular maternal aerobic exercise and a non-smoking environment. Child diet and body composition demonstrated some support for an association between these modifiable lifestyle factors and child HRV. CONCLUSION There is cross-sectional evidence supporting an association between maternal lifestyle factors and child HRV. Evidence is less supportive of a relationship between child modifiable lifestyle factors and child HRV. Monitoring the effects of lifestyle interventions on the ANS via HRV measurements of both mother and child may identify child CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Speer
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia.
| | - Stuart Semple
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise/University of Canberra, Canberra, (ACT,) Australia; Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences/ University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, (KwaZulu-Natal,) South Africa
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10
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Kuriyan R, Naqvi S, Bhat KG, Ghosh S, Rao S, Preston T, Sachdev HS, Kurpad AV. The Thin But Fat Phenotype is Uncommon at Birth in Indian Babies. J Nutr 2020; 150:826-832. [PMID: 31858112 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indian babies are hypothesized to be born thin but fat. This has not been confirmed with precise measurements at birth. If it is true, it could track into later life and confer risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). OBJECTIVES Primarily, to accurately measure percentage of body fat (%BF) and body cell mass (BCM) in Indian babies with normal birth weight, compare them across different gestational ages and sex, and test the hypothesis of the thin but fat phenotype in Indian babies. Secondarily, to examine the relation between body weight and body fat in Indian babies. METHODS Term newborns (n = 156) weighing ≥2500 g, from middle socioeconomic status mothers were recruited in Bengaluru, India, and their anthropometry, %BF (air displacement plethysmography), and BCM (whole-body potassium counter) were measured. Maternal demography and anthropometry were recorded. The mean %BF and its dispersion were compared with earlier studies. The relation between newborn %BF and body weight was explored by regression analysis. RESULTS Mean birth weight was 3.0 ± 0.3 kg, with mean %BF 9.8 ± 3.5%, which was comparable to pooled estimates of %BF from published studies (9.8%; 95% CI: 9.7, 10.0; P > 0.05). Appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) babies had higher %BF (1.8%) compared to small-for-gestational age (SGA) babies (P < 0.01). Mean %BCM of all babies at birth was 35.4 ± 10.5%; AGA babies had higher %BCM compared to SGA babies (7.0%, P < 0.05). Girls in comparison to boys had significantly higher %BF and lower %BCM. Body weight was positively associated with %BF. CONCLUSION Indian babies with normal birth weight did not demonstrate the thin but fat phenotype. Body weight and fat had positive correlation, such that SGA babies did not show a preservation of their %BF. These findings will have relevance in planning optimal interventions during early childhood to prevent NCDs risk in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Saba Naqvi
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kishor G Bhat
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Santu Ghosh
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Suman Rao
- Department of Neonatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thomas Preston
- Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Anura V Kurpad
- Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
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11
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Krzeczkowski JE, Boylan K, Arbuckle TE, Muckle G, Poliakova N, Séguin JR, Favotto LA, Savoy C, Amani B, Mortaji N, Van Lieshout RJ. Maternal Pregnancy Diet Quality Is Directly Associated with Autonomic Nervous System Function in 6-Month-Old Offspring. J Nutr 2020; 150:267-275. [PMID: 31573610 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many pregnant women are consuming diets of poor overall quality. Although many studies have linked poor prenatal diet quality to an increased risk of specific diseases in offspring, it is not known if exposure to poor prenatal diet affects core neurophysiological regulatory systems in offspring known to lie upstream of multiple diseases. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the association between prenatal diet quality and autonomic nervous system (ANS) function in infants at 6 mo of age. METHODS Data from 400 women (aged >18 y, with uncomplicated pregnancies) and their infants participating in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals-Infant Development cohort were used to investigate links between prenatal diet quality and infant ANS function at 6 mo of age. Prenatal diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (2010), calculated from a validated FFQ completed by women during the first trimester. Infant ANS function was measured using 2 assessments of heart rate variability (HRV) including root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and SD of N-N intervals (SDNN). Associations were analyzed before and after adjustment for socioeconomic status, maternal depression symptoms, maternal cardiometabolic dysfunction, breastfeeding, and prenatal smoking. RESULTS Poorer prenatal diet quality was associated with lower infant HRV assessed using RMSSD (B: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.13; R2 = 0.013) and SDNN (B: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.35; R2 = 0.011). These associations remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables [RMSSD: B: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.003, 0.18; squared semipartial correlation (sp2) = 0.14 and SDNN B: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.0, 0.49; sp2 = 0.13]. CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort study, poorer prenatal diet quality was associated with lower offspring HRV, a marker of decreased capacity of the ANS to respond adaptively to challenge. Therefore, poor prenatal diet may play a significant role in the programming of multiple organ systems and could increase general susceptibility to disease in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Krzeczkowski
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khrista Boylan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tye E Arbuckle
- Population Studies Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gina Muckle
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Research Centre of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natalia Poliakova
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Branch, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean R Séguin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, CHU Ste-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Favotto
- Department of Health Research Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Calan Savoy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bahar Amani
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neda Mortaji
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan J Van Lieshout
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Health Research Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Tahir MJ, Haapala JL, Foster LP, Duncan KM, Teague AM, Kharbanda EO, McGovern PM, Whitaker KM, Rasmussen KM, Fields DA, Jacobs DR, Harnack LJ, Demerath EW. Higher Maternal Diet Quality during Pregnancy and Lactation Is Associated with Lower Infant Weight-For-Length, Body Fat Percent, and Fat Mass in Early Postnatal Life. Nutrients 2019; 11:E632. [PMID: 30875943 PMCID: PMC6471184 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal pregnancy nutrition influences fetal growth. Evidence is limited, however, on the relationship of maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on infant postnatal growth and adiposity. Our purpose was to examine associations between maternal diet quality during pregnancy and lactation with offspring growth and body composition from birth to six months. Maternal diet quality was serially assessed in pregnancy and at one and three months postpartum, using the Healthy Eating Index⁻2015 in a cohort of 354 fully breastfeeding mother⁻infant dyads. Infant length-for-age (LAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-length (WLZ) Z-scores were assessed at birth, one, three, and six months. Infant body fat percent (BF%), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured at six months using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Higher maternal diet quality from pregnancy through three months postpartum was associated with lower infant WLZ from birth to six months (p = 0.02) and BF% at six months (p ≤ 0.05). Higher maternal diet quality at one and three months postpartum was also associated with lower infant FM at six months (p < 0.01). In summary, maternal diet quality during pregnancy and lactation was inversely associated with infant relative weight and adiposity in early postnatal life. Additional research is needed to explore whether associations persist across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna J Tahir
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Jacob L Haapala
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Laurie P Foster
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Katy M Duncan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - April M Teague
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | | | - Patricia M McGovern
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kara M Whitaker
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
| | | | - David A Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Lisa J Harnack
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
| | - Ellen W Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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