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Xu Y, Gao H, Li H. The gut microbiome: an important factor influencing therapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2621-2635. [PMID: 37775598 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05480-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent form of pediatric leukemia. The gut microbiome (GM) is crucial for proper nutrition, immunity, and biological conflict. Since the relationship between ALL and GM is bidirectional, ALL occurrence and treatment are closely related to GM destruction and the development of impaired immunity. Studies have discovered significant GM alterations in patients with ALL, including decreased diversity, that are likely directly caused by the development of ALL. Chemotherapy, antibiotic therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are the mainstays of treatment for pediatric ALL. These approaches affect the composition, diversity, and abundance of intestinal microorganisms, which in turn affects therapeutic efficiency and can cause a variety of complications. Modulating the GM can aid the recovery of patients with ALL. This article discusses the various treatment modalities for pediatric ALL and their corresponding effects on the GM, as well as the changes in the GM that occur in children with ALL from diagnosis to treatment. Gaining a greater understanding of the link between ALL and the GM is expected to help improve treatment for pediatric ALL in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Xu
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dalian Medical Center for Women and Children, Dalian, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Microecology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
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Bui G, Torres-Fuentes C, Pusceddu MM, Gareau MG, Marco ML. Milk and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BL23 effects on intestinal responses in a murine model of colitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G659-G675. [PMID: 38591132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00259.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Probiotic-containing fermented dairy foods have the potential to benefit human health, but the importance of the dairy matrix for efficacy remains unclear. We investigated the capacity of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BL23 in phosphate-buffered saline (BL23-PBS), BL23-fermented milk (BL23-milk), and milk to modify intestinal and behavioral responses in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 3% wt/vol) mouse model of colitis. Significant sex-dependent differences were found such that female mice exhibited more severe colitis, greater weight loss, and higher mortality rates. Sex differences were also found for ion transport ex vivo, colonic cytokine and tight junction gene expression, and fecal microbiota composition. Measurements of milk and BL23 effects showed BL23-PBS consumption improved weight recovery in females, whereas milk resulted in better body weight recovery in males. Occludin and Claudin-2 gene transcript levels indicated barrier function was impaired in males, but BL23-milk was still found to improve colonic ion transport in those mice. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene expression levels were increased in both male and female mice fed BL23, and to a more variable extent, milk, compared with controls. The female mouse fecal microbiota contained high proportions of Akkermansia (average of 18.1%) at baseline, and females exhibited more changes in gut microbiota composition following BL23 and milk intake. Male fecal microbiota harbored significantly more Parasutterella and less Blautia and Roseburia after DSS treatment, independent of BL23 or milk consumption. These findings show the complex interplay between dietary components and sex-dependent responses in mitigating inflammation in the digestive tract.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sex-dependent responses to probiotic Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and milk and the potential of the dairy matrix to enhance probiotic protection against colitis in this context have not been previously explored. Female mice were more sensitive than males to colonic injury, and neither treatment effectively alleviated inflammation in both sexes. These sex-dependent responses may result from differences in the higher baseline proportions of Akkermansia in the gut microbiome of female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glory Bui
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Matteo M Pusceddu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Mélanie G Gareau
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
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Wang C, Gu Y, Chu Q, Wang X, Ding Y, Qin X, Liu T, Wang S, Liu X, Wang B, Cao H. Gut microbiota and metabolites as predictors of biologics response in inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive systematic review. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127660. [PMID: 38442454 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Nonresponse to biologic agents in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses a significant public health burden, and the prediction of response to biologics offers valuable insights for IBD management. Given the pivotal role of gut microbiota and their endogenous metabolites in IBD, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the potential of fecal microbiota and mucosal microbiota and endogenous metabolomic markers as predictors for biotherapy response in IBD patients. A total of 38 studies were included in the review. Following anti-TNF-α treatment, the bacterial community characteristics of IBD patients exhibited a tendency to resemble those observed in healthy controls, indicating an improved clinical response. The levels of endogenous metabolites butyrate and deoxycholic acid were significantly associated with clinical remission following anti-TNF-α therapy. IBD patients who responded well to vedolizumab treatment had higher levels of specific bacteria that produce butyrate, along with increased levels of metabolites such as butyrate, branched-chain amino acids and acetamide following vedolizumab treatment. Crohn's disease patients who responded positively to ustekinumab treatment showed higher levels of Faecalibacterium and lower levels of Escherichia/Shigella. In conclusion, fecal microbiota and mucosal microbiota as well as their endogenous metabolites could provide a predictive tool for assessing the response of IBD patients to various biological agents and serve as a valuable reference for precise drug selection in clinical IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiao Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiyun Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiali Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
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Kumar M, Murugesan S, Ibrahim N, Elawad M, Al Khodor S. Predictive biomarkers for anti-TNF alpha therapy in IBD patients. J Transl Med 2024; 22:284. [PMID: 38493113 PMCID: PMC10943853 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal condition characterized by severe gut inflammation, commonly presenting as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis or categorized as IBD- unclassified. While various treatments have demonstrated efficacy in adult IBD patients, the advent of anti-TNF therapies has significantly revolutionized treatment outcomes and clinical management. These therapies have played a pivotal role in achieving clinical and endoscopic remission, promoting mucosal healing, averting disease progression, and diminishing the necessity for surgery. Nevertheless, not all patients exhibit positive responses to these therapies, and some may experience a loss of responsiveness over time. This review aims to present a comprehensive examination of predictive biomarkers for monitoring the therapeutic response to anti-TNF therapy in IBD patients. It will explore their limitations and clinical utilities, paving the way for a more personalized and effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nazira Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mamoun Elawad
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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Zeng Z, Jiang M, Li X, Yuan J, Zhang H. Precision medicine in inflammatory bowel disease. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2023; 6:pbad033. [PMID: 38638127 PMCID: PMC11025389 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable disease characterized by remission-relapse cycles throughout its course. Both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main forms of IBD, exhibit tendency to develop complications and substantial heterogeneity in terms of frequency and severity of relapse, thus posing great challenges to the clinical management for IBD. Current treatment strategies are effective in different ways in induction and maintenance therapies for IBD. Recent advances in studies of genetics, pharmacogenetics, proteomics and microbiome provide a strong driving force for identifying molecular markers of prognosis and treatment response, which should help clinicians manage IBD patients more effectively, and then, improve clinical outcomes and reduce treatment costs of patients. In this review, we summarize and discuss precision medicine in IBD, focusing on predictive markers of disease course and treatment response, and monitoring indices during therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingshan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Li
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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O’Reilly C, Mills S, Rea MC, Lavelle A, Ghosh S, Hill C, Ross RP. Interplay between inflammatory bowel disease therapeutics and the gut microbiome reveals opportunities for novel treatment approaches. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:35. [PMID: 37849974 PMCID: PMC7615213 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex heterogeneous disorder defined by recurring chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, attributed to a combination of factors including genetic susceptibility, altered immune response, a shift in microbial composition/microbial insults (infection/exposure), and environmental influences. Therapeutics generally used to treat IBD mainly focus on the immune response and include non-specific anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapeutics and targeted therapeutics aimed at specific components of the immune system. Other therapies include exclusive enteral nutrition and emerging stem cell therapies. However, in recent years, scientists have begun to examine the interplay between these therapeutics and the gut microbiome, and we present this information here. Many of these therapeutics are associated with alterations to gut microbiome composition and functionality, often driving it toward a "healthier profile" and preclinical studies have revealed that such alterations can play an important role in therapeutic efficacy. The gut microbiome can also improve or hinder IBD therapeutic efficacy or generate undesirable metabolites. For certain IBD therapeutics, the microbiome composition, particularly before treatment, may serve as a biomarker of therapeutic efficacy. Utilising this information and manipulating the interactions between the gut microbiome and IBD therapeutics may enhance treatment outcomes in the future and bring about new opportunities for personalised, precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O’Reilly
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland
- Microbiology Department, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12TP07, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Susan Mills
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Mary C. Rea
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- Microbiology Department, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12TP07, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- Microbiology Department, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12TP07, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork T12YT20, Ireland
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Elzayat H, Mesto G, Al-Marzooq F. Unraveling the Impact of Gut and Oral Microbiome on Gut Health in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3377. [PMID: 37571313 PMCID: PMC10421146 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). IBD mainly includes two distinct diseases, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. To date, the precise etiology of these conditions is not fully elucidated. Recent research has shed light on the significant role of the oral and gut microbiome in the development and progression of IBD and its collective influence on gut health. This review aims to investigate the connection between the oral and gut microbiome in the context of IBD, exploring the intricate interplay between these microbial communities and their impact on overall gut health. Recent advances in microbiome research have revealed a compelling link between the oral and gut microbiome, highlighting their pivotal role in maintaining overall health. The oral cavity and GIT are two interconnected ecosystems that harbor complex microbial communities implicated in IBD pathogenesis in several ways. Reduction in diversity and abundance of beneficial bacterial species with the colonization of opportunistic pathogens can induce gut inflammation. Some of these pathogens can arise from oral origin, especially in patients with oral diseases such as periodontitis. It is essential to discern the mechanisms of microbial transmission, the impact of oral health on the gut microbiome, and the potential role of dysbiosis in disease development. By elucidating this relationship, we can enhance our understanding of IBD pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic avenues for managing the disease. Furthermore, innovative strategies for modulating the oral and gut microbiome can promote health and prevent disease occurrence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Elzayat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaidaa Mesto
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Abdullahi IN, Juárez-Fernández G, Höfle Ú, Cardona-Cabrera T, Mínguez D, Pineda-Pampliega J, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Nasotracheal Microbiota of Nestlings of Parent White storks with Different Foraging Habits in Spain. ECOHEALTH 2023; 20:105-121. [PMID: 37060390 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Migratory storks could be vectors of transmission of bacteria of public health concern mediated by the colonization, persistence and excretion of such bacteria. This study aims to determine genera/species diversity, prevalence, and co-colonization indices of bacteria obtained from tracheal (T) and nasal (N) samples from storks in relation to exposure to point sources through foraging. One-hundred and thirty-six samples from 87 nestlings of colonies of parent white storks with different foraging habits (natural habitat and landfills) were obtained (84 T-samples and 52 N-samples) and processed. Morphologically distinct colonies (up to 12/sample) were randomly selected and identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. About 87.2% of the total 806 isolates recovered were identified: 398 from T-samples (56.6%) and 305 from N-samples (43.4%). Among identified isolates, 17 genera and 46 species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were detected, Staphylococcus (58.0%) and Enterococcus (20.5%) being the most prevalent genera. S. sciuri was the most prevalent species from T (36.7%) and N (34.4%) cavities of total isolates, followed by E. faecalis (11.1% each from T and N), and S. aureus [T (6.5%), N (13.4%)]. Of N-samples, E. faecium was significantly associated with nestlings of parent storks foraging in landfills (p = 0.018). S. sciuri (p = 0.0034) and M. caseolyticus (p = 0.032) from T-samples were significantly higher among nestlings of parent storks foraging in natural habitats. More than 80% of bacterial species in the T and N cavities showed 1-10% co-colonization indices with one another, but few had ≥ 40% indices. S. sciuri and E. faecalis were the most frequent species identified in the stork nestlings. Moreover, they were highly colonized by other diverse and potentially pathogenic bacteria. Thus, storks could be sentinels of point sources and vehicles of bacterial transmission across the "One Health" ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Guillermo Juárez-Fernández
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Úrsula Höfle
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Research Group, Game and Wildlife Research Institute (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Teresa Cardona-Cabrera
- SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Research Group, Game and Wildlife Research Institute (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David Mínguez
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier Pineda-Pampliega
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- OneHealth-UR Research Group, Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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Compositional Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Psoriasis Treated with IL-23 and IL-17 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054568. [PMID: 36902001 PMCID: PMC10002560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the gut microbiota composition and their associated metabolic dysfunction exist in psoriasis. However, the impact of biologics on shaping gut microbiota is not well known. This study aimed to determine the association of gut microorganisms and microbiome-encoded metabolic pathways with the treatment in patients with psoriasis. A total of 48 patients with psoriasis, including 30 cases who received an IL-23 inhibitor (guselkumab) and 18 cases who received an IL-17 inhibitor (secukinumab or ixekizumab) were recruited. Longitudinal profiles of the gut microbiome were conducted by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbial compositions dynamically changed in psoriatic patients during a 24-week treatment. The relative abundance of individual taxa altered differently between patients receiving the IL-23 inhibitor and those receiving the IL-17 inhibitor. Functional prediction of the gut microbiome revealed microbial genes related to metabolism involving the biosynthesis of antibiotics and amino acids were differentially enriched between responders and non-responders receiving IL-17 inhibitors, as the abundance of the taurine and hypotaurine pathway was found to be augmented in responders treated with the IL-23 inhibitor. Our analyses showed a longitudinal shift in the gut microbiota in psoriatic patients after treatment. These taxonomic signatures and functional alterations of the gut microbiome could serve as potential biomarkers for the response to biologics treatment in psoriasis.
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Sun YH, Tian DD, Zhou JM, Ye Q. Association between vitamin D level and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1155004. [PMID: 37168807 PMCID: PMC10164952 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1155004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that the incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is related to vitamin D, but it is still unclear. This study intends to calculate the relationship between pediatric IBD and vitamin D. Methods A comprehensive literature search from inception to January 2023 was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Relevant data were extracted as required and used for subsequent calculations. Results Sixteen papers were included, and there was no significant difference between the average vitamin D level in IBD patients and healthy controls. In addition, the overall pooled results showed that C-reactive protein (CRP) was 2.65 higher before vitamin D supplementation than after supplementation [SMD = 2.65, 95% CI = (2.26, 3.04)]. Moreover, patients with IBD in remission were 0.72 higher before vitamin D supplementation than after supplementation [OR = 0.72, 95% CI = (0.52, 1.00)]. Conclusion This study suggested that there was no obvious relationship between pediatric IBD and vitamin D, while vitamin D supplementation can improve disease activity. Therefore, follow-up still needs many prospective studies to confirm the relationship between pediatric IBD and vitamin D.
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11
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MacDonald T, Dunn KA, MacDonald J, Langille MG, Van Limbergen JE, Bielawski JP, Kulkarni K. The gastrointestinal antibiotic resistome in pediatric leukemia and lymphoma patients. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1102501. [PMID: 36909730 PMCID: PMC9998685 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Most children with leukemia and lymphoma experience febrile neutropenia. These are treated with empiric antibiotics that include β-lactams and/or vancomycin. These are often administered for extended periods, and the effect on the resistome is unknown. Methods We examined the impact of repeated courses and duration of antibiotic use on the resistome of 39 pediatric leukemia and lymphoma patients. Shotgun metagenome sequences from 127 stool samples of pediatric oncology patients were examined for abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in each sample. Abundances were grouped by repeated courses (no antibiotics, 1-2 courses, 3+ courses) and duration (no use, short duration, long and/or mixed durationg) of β-lactams, vancomycin and "any antibiotic" use. We assessed changes in both taxonomic composition and prevalence of ARGs among these groups. Results We found that Bacteroidetes taxa and β-lactam resistance genes decreased, while opportunistic Firmicutes and Proteobacteria taxa, along with multidrug resistance genes, increased with repeated courses and/or duration of antibiotics. Efflux pump related genes predominated (92%) among the increased multidrug genes. While we found β-lactam ARGs present in the resistome, the taxa that appear to contain them were kept in check by antibiotic treatment. Multidrug ARGs, mostly efflux pumps or regulators of efflux pump genes, were associated with opportunistic pathogens, and both increased in the resistome with repeated antibiotic use and/or increased duration. Conclusions Given the strong association between opportunistic pathogens and multidrug-related efflux pumps, we suggest that drug efflux capacity might allow the opportunistic pathogens to persist or increase despite repeated courses and/or duration of antibiotics. While drug efflux is the most direct explanation, other mechanisms that enhance the ability of opportunistic pathogens to handle environmental stress, or other aspects of the treatment environment, could also contribute to their ability to flourish within the gut during treatment. Persistence of opportunistic pathogens in an already dysbiotic and weakened gastrointestinal tract could increase the likelihood of life-threatening blood borne infections. Of the 39 patients, 59% experienced at least one gastrointestinal or blood infection and 60% of bacteremia's were bacteria found in stool samples. Antimicrobial stewardship and appropriate use and duration of antibiotics could help reduce morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacy, IWK Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Faculty of Health Professions, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ketan Kulkarni, ; Katherine A. Dunn, ; Tamara MacDonald,
| | - Katherine A. Dunn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ketan Kulkarni, ; Katherine A. Dunn, ; Tamara MacDonald,
| | - Jane MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Morgan G.I. Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Johan E. Van Limbergen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joseph P. Bielawski
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ketan Kulkarni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology, Izaak Walton Killam (IWK) Health, Halifax, NS, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ketan Kulkarni, ; Katherine A. Dunn, ; Tamara MacDonald,
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12
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Zheng J, Sun Q, Zhang J, Ng SC. The role of gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease diagnosis and prognosis. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:1091-1102. [PMID: 36461896 PMCID: PMC9752296 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated intestinal disease consisting of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Inflammatory bowel disease is believed to be developed as a result of interactions between environmental, immune-mediated and microbial factors in a genetically susceptible host. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have aided the identification of consistent alterations of the gut microbiome in patients with IBD. Preclinical and murine models have also shed light on the role of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in IBD. These findings have stimulated interest in development of non-invasive microbial and metabolite biomarkers for predicting disease risk, disease progression, recurrence after surgery and responses to therapeutics. This review briefly summarizes the current evidence on the role of gut microbiome in IBD pathogenesis and mainly discusses the latest literature on the utilization of potential microbial biomarkers in disease diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zheng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qianru Sun
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingwan Zhang
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siew C Ng
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Štofilová J, Kvaková M, Kamlárová A, Hijová E, Bertková I, Guľašová Z. Probiotic-Based Intervention in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: Conventional and New Approaches. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2236. [PMID: 36140337 PMCID: PMC9496552 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are number of available therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC), many patients are unresponsive to these treatments or experience secondary failure during treatment. Thus, the development of new therapies or alternative strategies with minimal side effects is inevitable. Strategies targeting dysbiosis of gut microbiota have been tested in the management of UC due to the unquestionable role of gut microbiota in the etiology of UC. Advanced molecular analyses of gut microbiomes revealed evident dysbiosis in UC patients, characterized by a reduced biodiversity of commensal microbiota. Administration of conventional probiotic strains is a commonly applied approach in the management of the disease to modify the gut microbiome, improve intestinal barrier integrity and function, and maintain a balanced immune response. However, conventional probiotics do not always provide the expected health benefits to a patient. Their benefits vary significantly, depending on the type and stage of the disease and the strain and dose of the probiotics administered. Their mechanism of action is also strain-dependent. Recently, new candidates for potential next-generation probiotics have been discovered. This could bring to light new approaches in the restoration of microbiome homeostasis and in UC treatment in a targeted manner. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated review on the current options of probiotic-based therapies, highlight the effective conventional probiotic strains, and outline the future possibilities of next-generation probiotic and postbiotic supplementation and fecal microbiota transplantation in the management of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Štofilová
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
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14
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Marsal J, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Blumenstein I, Cappello M, Bazin T, Sebastian S. Management of Non-response and Loss of Response to Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:897936. [PMID: 35783628 PMCID: PMC9241563 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.897936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has been successfully used as first-line biologic treatment for moderate-to-severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in both "step-up" and "top-down" approaches, and has become a cornerstone of IBD management. However, in a proportion of patients the effectiveness of anti-TNF therapy is sub-optimal. Either patients do not achieve adequate initial response (primary non-response) or they lose response after initial success (loss of response). Therapeutic drug monitoring determines drug serum concentrations and the presence of anti-drug antibodies (ADAbs) and can help guide treatment optimization to improve patient outcomes. For patients with low drug concentrations who are ADAb-negative or display low levels of ADAbs, dose escalation is recommended. Should response remain unchanged following dose optimization the question whether to switch within class (anti-TNF) or out of class (different mechanism of action) arises. If ADAb levels are high and the patient has previously benefited from anti-TNF therapy, then switching within class is a viable option as ADAbs are molecule specific. Addition of an immunomodulator may lead to a decrease in ADAbs and a regaining of response in a proportion of patients. If a patient does not achieve a robust therapeutic response with an initial anti-TNF despite adequate drug levels, then switching out of class is appropriate. In conjunction with the guidance above, other factors including patient preference, age, comorbidities, disease phenotype, extra-intestinal manifestations, and treatment costs need to be factored into the treatment decision. In this review we discuss current evidence in this field and provide guidance on therapeutic decision-making in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Marsal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irina Blumenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Nutrition, University Clinic Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria Cappello
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Promise, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Thomas Bazin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Université Paris Saclay/UVSQ, INSERM, Infection and Inflammation, UMR 1173, AP-HP, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Shaji Sebastian
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Unit, Hull University Teaching Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Hull, United Kingdom
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15
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Lazarević S, Đanic M, Al-Salami H, Mooranian A, Mikov M. Gut Microbiota Metabolism of Azathioprine: A New Hallmark for Personalized Drug-Targeted Therapy of Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:879170. [PMID: 35450035 PMCID: PMC9016117 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.879170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing number of new drugs approved for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the long-term clinical use of thiopurine therapy and the well-known properties of conventional drugs including azathioprine have made their place in IBD therapy extremely valuable. Despite the fact that thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) polymorphism has been recognized as a major cause of the interindividual variability in the azathioprine response, recent evidence suggests that there might be some yet unknown causes which complicate dosing strategies causing either failure of therapy or toxicity. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota, with its ability to release microbial enzymes, affects the pharmacokinetics of numerous drugs and subsequently drastically alters clinical effectiveness. Azathioprine, as an orally administered drug which has a complex metabolic pathway, is the prime illustrative candidate for such microbial metabolism of drugs. Comprehensive databases on microbial drug-metabolizing enzymes have not yet been generated. This study provides insights into the current evidence on microbiota-mediated metabolism of azathioprine and systematically accumulates findings of bacteria that possess enzymes required for the azathioprine biotransformation. Additionally, it proposes concepts for the identification of gut bacteria species responsible for the metabolism of azathioprine that could aid in the prediction of dose-response effects, complementing pharmacogenetic approaches already applied in the optimization of thiopurine therapy of IBD. It would be of great importance to elucidate to what extent microbiota-mediated metabolism of azathioprine contributes to the drug outcomes in IBD patients which could facilitate the clinical implementation of novel tools for personalized thiopurine treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Lazarević
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maja Đanic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Hearing Therapeutics Department, Ear Science Institute Australia, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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16
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Ghoshal UC, Yadav A, Fatima B, Agrahari AP, Misra A. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study. Indian J Gastroenterol 2022; 41:96-103. [PMID: 34390471 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-021-01211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is known in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the data on it are scanty and have limitations. METHODS Data on IBD patients undergoing glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of SIBO in IBD compared to 66 healthy controls. RESULTS Patients with IBD (n=86; 45 ulcerative colitis [UC] and 41 Crohn's disease [CD]) more often had SIBO on GHBT than the healthy subjects (16/86 [18.6%] vs. 1/66 [1.5%]; p=0.002). SIBO was commoner among patients with CD than UC (14/41 [34.1%] vs. 2/45 [4.4%]; p=0.001). The frequency of SIBO among UC patients was comparable to healthy subjects (2/45 [4.4%] vs. 1/66 [1.5%]; p=not significant [NS]). Patients with CD than those with UC had higher values of maximum breath hydrogen and a greater area under the curve for breath hydrogen. Other factors associated with SIBO included female gender (11/16 [68.8%] with vs. 21/70 [30%] without SIBO; p=0.003), and having undergone surgery (8/16 [50%] vs. 6/70 [8.6%]; p=0.0002). SIBO patients had lower levels of total serum protein and albumin than those without SIBO (6.2 ± 1.5 g/dL vs. 7.0 ± 0.9 g/dL, respectively; p=0.009 and 3.5 ± 0.9 g/dL vs. 4.0 ± 0.6 g/dL, respectively; p=0.02). CD, female gender, and surgery for IBD tended to be the independent factors associated with SIBO among IBD patients on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IBD, particularly CD, female, and those having undergone surgery, have a higher risk of SIBO than the healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India.
| | - Ankur Yadav
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Bushra Fatima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Anand Prakash Agrahari
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
| | - Asha Misra
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226 014, India
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17
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Reichardt SD, Amouret A, Muzzi C, Vettorazzi S, Tuckermann JP, Lühder F, Reichardt HM. The Role of Glucocorticoids in Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112921. [PMID: 34831143 PMCID: PMC8616489 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than 70 years, glucocorticoids (GCs) have been a powerful and affordable treatment option for inflammatory diseases. However, their benefits do not come without a cost, since GCs also cause side effects. Therefore, strong efforts are being made to improve their therapeutic index. In this review, we illustrate the mechanisms and target cells of GCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of some of the most frequent inflammatory disorders affecting the central nervous system, the gastrointestinal tract, the lung, and the joints, as well as graft-versus-host disease, which often develops after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In addition, an overview is provided of novel approaches aimed at improving GC therapy based on chemical modifications or GC delivery using nanoformulations. GCs remain a topic of highly active scientific research despite being one of the oldest class of drugs in medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille D. Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Agathe Amouret
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Muzzi
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.V.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Jan P. Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.V.); (J.P.T.)
| | - Fred Lühder
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Holger M. Reichardt
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (S.D.R.); (A.A.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-3963365
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18
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Oldenburg M, Rüchel N, Janssen S, Borkhardt A, Gössling KL. The Microbiome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194947. [PMID: 34638430 PMCID: PMC8507905 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For almost 30 years, the term "holobiont" has referred to an ecological unit where a host (e.g., human) and all species living in or around it are considered together. The concept highlights the complex interactions between the host and the other species, which, if disturbed may lead to disease and premature aging. Specifically, the impact of microbiome alterations on the etiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is not fully understood, but has been the focus of much research in recent years. In ALL patients, significant reductions in microbiome diversity are already observable at disease onset. It remains unclear whether such alterations at diagnosis are etiologically linked with leukemogenesis or simply due to immunological alteration preceding ALL onset. Regardless, all chemotherapeutic treatment regimens severely affect the microbiome, accompanied by severe side effects, including mucositis, systemic inflammation, and infection. In particular, dominance of Enterococcaceae is predictive of infections during chemotherapy. Long-term dysbiosis, like depletion of Faecalibacterium, has been observed in ALL survivors. Modulation of the microbiome (e.g., by fecal microbiota transplant, probiotics, or prebiotics) is currently being researched for potential protective effects. Herein, we review the latest microbiome studies in pediatric ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Oldenburg
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.O.); (N.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Nadine Rüchel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.O.); (N.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Stefan Janssen
- Algorithmic Bioinformatics, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35390 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.O.); (N.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Katharina L. Gössling
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.O.); (N.R.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Linares R, Francés R, Gutiérrez A, Juanola O. Bacterial Translocation as Inflammatory Driver in Crohn's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:703310. [PMID: 34557484 PMCID: PMC8452966 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.703310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract responsible for intestinal lesions. The multifactorial etiology attributed to CD includes a combination of environmental and host susceptibility factors, which result in an impaired host–microbe gut interaction. Bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis, increased intestinal barrier permeability, and altered inflammatory responses in patients with CD have been described in the past. Those events explain the pathogenesis of luminal translocation of bacteria or its products into the blood, a frequent event in CD, which, in turn, favors a sustained inflammatory response in these patients. In this review, we navigate through the interaction between bacterial antigen translocation, permeability of the intestinal barrier, immunologic response of the host, and genetic predisposition as a combined effect on the inflammatory response observed in CD. Several lines of evidence support that translocation of bacterial products leads to uncontrolled inflammation in CD patients, and as a matter of fact, the presence of gut bacterial genomic fragments at a systemic level constitutes a marker for increased risk of relapse among CD patients. Also, the significant percentage of CD patients who lose response to biologic therapies may be influenced by the translocation of bacterial products, which are well-known drivers of proinflammatory cytokine production by host immune cells. Further mechanistic studies evaluating cellular and humoral immune responses, gut microbiota alterations, and genetic predisposition will help clinicians to better control and personalize the management of CD patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Linares
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Rubén Francés
- Hepatic and Intestinal Immunobiology Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.,Servicio de Medicina Digestiva, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Oriol Juanola
- Translational Research Laboratory, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universitá della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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20
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Psoriasis and Gut Microbiome-Current State of Art. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094529. [PMID: 33926088 PMCID: PMC8123672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects around 125 million people worldwide. Several studies concerning the gut microbiota composition and its role in disease pathogenesis recently demonstrated significant alterations among psoriatic patients. Certain parameters such as Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio or Psoriasis Microbiome Index were developed in order to distinguish between psoriatic and healthy individuals. The “leaky gut syndrome” and bacterial translocation is considered by some authors as a triggering factor for the onset of the disease, as it promotes chronic systemic inflammation. The alterations were also found to resemble those in inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity and certain cardiovascular diseases. Microbiota dysbiosis, depletion in SCFAs production, increased amount of produced TMAO, dysregulation of the pathways affecting the balance between lymphocytes populations seem to be the most significant findings concerning gut physiology in psoriatic patients. The gut microbiota may serve as a potential response-to-treatment biomarker in certain cases of biological treatment. Oral probiotics administration as well as fecal microbial transplantation were most reported in bringing health benefits to psoriatic patients. However, the issue of psoriatic bacterial gut composition, its role and healing potential needs further investigation. Here we reviewed the literature on the current state of the relationship between psoriasis and gut microbiome.
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