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Kavya P, Gayathri M. Phytochemical Profiling and Assessment of Antidiabetic Activity of Curcuma Angustifolia Rhizome Methanolic Extract: An In Vitro and In Silico Analysis. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301788. [PMID: 38484132 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. is a plant with medicinal potential, traditionally used to treat different diseases. The present study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of C. angustifolia rhizome in vitro and in silico. The methanolic extract of C. angustifolia rhizome was analyzed by FTIR and GC-MS to determine the phytochemicals present. The antidiabetic potential of the extract was evaluated by different assays in vitro. The extract inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes and the glucose diffusion through the dialysis membrane in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 530.39±0.09, 293.75±0.11, and 551.74±0.3 μg/ml respectively. The methanolic extract also improved yeast cell's ability to take up glucose across plasma membranes and the adsorption of glucose. The findings were supported by molecular docking studies. The results showed that the methanol extract of C. angustifolia rhizome has significant antidiabetic activity and thus can be also studied to isolate the potential compound with antidiabetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kavya
- Department of Bio Medical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - M Gayathri
- Department of Bio Medical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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Panyajai P, Viriyaadhammaa N, Tima S, Chiampanichayakul S, Dejkriengkraikul P, Okonogi S, Anuchapreeda S. Anticancer activity of Curcuma aeroginosa essential oil and its nano-formulations: cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell migration effects. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:16. [PMID: 38166788 PMCID: PMC10759438 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Curcuma aeruginosa, commonly known as "kha-min-dam" in Thai, holds significance in Asian traditional medicine due to its potential in treating various diseases, having properties such as anti-HIV, hepatoprotective, antimicrobial and anti-androgenic activities. This study explores the anticancer activity of C. aeruginosa essential oil (CAEO) and its nano-formulations. METHODS CAEO obtained from hydrodistillation of C. aeruginosa fresh rhizomes was examined by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity of CAEO was determined in leukaemic K562 and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines using an MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis and cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Cell migration was studied through a wound-healing assay. RESULTS Benzofuran (33.20%) emerged as the major compound of CAEO, followed by Germacrene B (19.12%) and Germacrone (13.60%). Two types of CAEO loaded nano-formulations, nanoemulsion (NE) and microemulsion (ME) were developed. The average droplet sizes of NE and ME were 13.8 ± 0.2 and 21.2 ± 0.2 nm, respectively. In a comparison with other essential oils from the fresh rhizomes of potential plants from the same family (Curcuma longa, Curcuma mangga and Zingiber officinale) on anticancer activity against K562 and MCF-7 cell lines, CAEO exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with IC50 of 13.43 ± 1.09 and 20.18 ± 1.20 µg/mL, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CAEO significantly increased cell death, evidenced from the sub-G1 populations in the cell cycle assay and triggered apoptosis. Additionally, CAEO effectively inhibited cell migration in MCF-7 cells after incubation for 12 and 24 h. The developed NE and ME formulations significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of CAEO against K562 cells with an IC50 of 45.30 ± 1.49 and 41.98 ± 0.96 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION This study's finding suggest that both nano-formulations, NE and ME, effectively facilitated the delivery of CAEO into cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawaret Panyajai
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Natsima Viriyaadhammaa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Singkome Tima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS CRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sawitree Chiampanichayakul
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS CRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS CRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Jadaun P, Harshithkumar R, Gaikwad SY, Seniya C, Borse S, Gawai AA, Chavan-Gautam P, Tillu G, Mukherjee A. Withania somnifera extracts induced attenuation of HIV-1: a mechanistic approach to restrict viral infection. Virol J 2023; 20:173. [PMID: 37537596 PMCID: PMC10401819 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several anti-retroviral drugs are available against Human immunodeficiency virus type-1, but have multiple adverse side effects. Hence, there is an incessant compulsion for effectual anti-retroviral agents with minimal or no intricacy. Traditionally, natural products have been the most successful source for the development of new medications. Withania somnifera, also known as Ashwagandha, is the utmost treasured medicinal plant used in Ayurveda, which holds the potential to give adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, and antiviral effects. However, its effect on HIV-1 replication at the cellular level has never been explored. Herein, we focused on the anti-HIV-1 activity and the probable mechanism of action of hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Withania somnifera roots and its phytomolecules. METHODS The cytotoxicity of the extracts was determined through MTT assay, while the in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity was assessed in TZM-bl cells against the HIV-1 strains of X4 and R5 subtypes. Results were confirmed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using the HIV-1 p24 antigen assay. Additionally, the mechanism of action was determined through the Time of Addition assay, which was further validated through the series of enzymatic assays, i.e. HIV-1 Integrase, Reverse transcriptase, and Protease assays. To explore the role of the identified active metabolites of Withania somnifera in antiretroviral activity, molecular docking analyses were performed against these key HIV-1 replication enzymes. RESULTS The hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Withania somnifera roots were found to be safer at the sub-cytotoxic concentrations and exhibited their ability to inhibit replication of two primary isolates of HIV-1 through cell-associated and cell-free assays, in dose-dependent kinetics. Several active phytomolecules found in Withania somnifera successfully established hydrogens bonds in the active binding pocket site residues responsible for the catalytic activity of HIV replication and therefore, signifying their role in the attenuation of HIV-1 infection as implied through the in silico molecular docking studies. CONCLUSIONS Our research identified both the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of Withania somnifera roots as potent inhibitors of HIV-1 infection. The in silico analyses also indicated the key components of Withania somnifera with the highest binding affinity against the HIV-1 Integrase by 12-Deoxywithastramonolide and 27-Hydroxywithanone, HIV-1 Protease by Ashwagandhanolide and Withacoagin, and HIV-1 Reverse transcriptase by Ashwagandhanolide and Withanolide B, thereby showing possible mechanisms of HIV-1 extenuation. Overall, this study classified the role of Withania somnifera extracts and their active compounds as potential agents against HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Harshithkumar
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, 411026, MH, India
| | | | - Chandrabhan Seniya
- School of Biosciences, Engineering and Technology, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, 466114, MP, India
| | - Swapnil Borse
- CCIH-Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, MH, India
| | - Ashish A Gawai
- Anuradha College of Pharmacy, Buldana, 443201, MH, India
| | - Preeti Chavan-Gautam
- CCIH-Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, MH, India
| | - Girish Tillu
- CCIH-Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, AYUSH-Center of Excellence, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, MH, India
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Azam MS, Islam MN, Wahiduzzaman M, Alam M, Dhrubo AAK. Antiviral foods in the battle against viral infections: Understanding the molecular mechanism. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4444-4459. [PMID: 37576049 PMCID: PMC10420791 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses produce a variety of illnesses, which may also cause acute respiratory syndrome. All viral infections, including COVID-19, are associated with the strength of the immune system. Till now, traditional medicine or vaccines for most viral diseases have not been effective. Antiviral and immune-boosting diets may provide defense against viral diseases by lowering the risk of infection and assisting rapid recovery. The purpose of this review was to gather, analyze, and present data based on scientific evidence in order to provide an overview of the mechanistic insights of antiviral bioactive metabolites. We have covered a wide range of food with antiviral properties in this review, along with their potential mechanism of action against viral infections. Additionally, the opportunities and challenges of using antiviral food have been critically reviewed. Bioactive plant compounds, not only help in maintaining the body's normal physiological mechanism and good health but are also essential for improving the body's immunity and therefore can be effective against viral diseases. These agents fight viral diseases either by incorporating the body's defense mechanism or by enhancing the cell's immune system. Regular intake of antiviral foods may prevent future pandemic and consumption of these antiviral agents with traditional medicine may reduce the severity of viral diseases. Therefore, the synergistic effect of antiviral foods and medication needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Shofiul Azam
- Department of Food EngineeringDhaka University of Engineering & TechnologyGazipurBangladesh
| | - Md. Nahidul Islam
- Department of Agro‐ProcessingBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipurBangladesh
- Institute of Food Safety and ProcessingBangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipurBangladesh
| | - Md. Wahiduzzaman
- Bio‐Med Big Data Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS‐MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Mahabub Alam
- Department of Food Engineering and Tea TechnologyShahjalal University of Science and TechnologySylhetBangladesh
| | - Akib Atique Khan Dhrubo
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDhaka University of Engineering & TechnologyGazipurBangladesh
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Janpaijit S, Sillapachaiyaporn C, Theerasri A, Charoenkiatkul S, Sukprasansap M, Tencomnao T. Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala Berry Seed Protects against TNF-α-Stimulated Neuroinflammation by Inducing HO-1 and Suppressing NF-κB Mechanism in BV-2 Microglial Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073057. [PMID: 37049819 PMCID: PMC10095692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained inflammatory responses have been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala (CN), an indigenous berry, has been reported to exhibit several health-beneficial properties. However, investigation of CN seeds is still limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of ethanolic seed extract (CNSE) and mechanisms in BV-2 mouse microglial cells using an inflammatory stimulus, TNF-α. Using LC-MS, ferulic acid, aurentiacin, brassitin, ellagic acid, and alpinetin were found in CNSE. Firstly, we examined molecular docking to elucidate its bioactive components on inflammation-related mechanisms. The results revealed that alpinetin, aurentiacin, and ellagic acid inhibited the NF-κB activation and iNOS function, while alpinetin and aurentiacin only suppressed the COX-2 function. Our cell-based investigation exhibited that cells pretreated with CNSE (5, 10, and 25 μg/mL) reduced the number of spindle cells, which was highly observed in TNF-α treatment (10 ng/mL). CNSE also obstructed TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA levels and repressed the TNF-α and IL-6 releases in a culture medium of BV-2 cells. Remarkably, CNSE decreased the phosphorylated forms of ERK, p38MAPK, p65, and IκB-α related to the inhibition of NF-κB binding activity. CNSE obviously induced HO-1 protein expression. Our findings suggest that CNSE offers good potential for preventing inflammatory-related NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakawrat Janpaijit
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Atsadang Theerasri
- Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somsri Charoenkiatkul
- Institute of Nutrition, Salaya Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Monruedee Sukprasansap
- Food Toxicology Unit, Institute of Nutrition, Salaya Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (T.T.); Tel.: +66-28002380 (M.S.); +66-22181533 (T.T.)
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (T.T.); Tel.: +66-28002380 (M.S.); +66-22181533 (T.T.)
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Jadaun P, Shah P, Harshithkumar R, Said MS, Bhoite SP, Bokuri S, Ravindran S, Mishra N, Mukherjee A. Antiviral and ROS scavenging potential of Carica papaya Linn and Psidium guajava leaves extract against HIV-1 infection. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:82. [PMID: 36934258 PMCID: PMC10024014 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy is the only treatment option for HIV-infected patients; however, it has certain drawbacks in terms of developing multiple toxic side effects. Thus, there is a continuous need to explore safe and efficacious anti-retroviral agents. Carica papaya Linn and Psidium guajava are known for their various biological activities. In this study, we characterized the bioactive fractions of methanolic leaves extract from both plants using the High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) technique, followed by the investigation of their potential as anti-HIV-1 and antioxidant agents through in vitro mechanistic assays. The anti-HIV-1 activity was examined in TZM-bl cells through luciferase gene assay against two different clades of HIV-1 strains, whereas the intracellular ROS generation was analyzed by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting. Additionally, the mechanisms of action of these phyto-extracts were determined through the Time-of-addition assay. The characterization of Carica papaya Linn and Psidium guajava leaves extract through HR-ESI-MS fragmentation showed high enrichment of various alkaloids, glycosides, lipids, phenolic compounds, terpenes, and fatty acids like bioactive constituents. Both the phyto-extracts were found to be less toxic and exhibited potent antiviral activity against HIV-1 strains. Furthermore, the phyto-extracts also showed a decreased intracellular ROS in HIV-1 infected cells due to their high antioxidant potential. Overall, our study suggests the anti-HIV-1 potential of Carica papaya Linn and Psidium guajava leaves extract due to the synergistic action of multiple bioactive constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prachibahen Shah
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, 412115, MH, India
| | - R Harshithkumar
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, 411026, MH, India
| | | | | | - Sowmya Bokuri
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, 412115, MH, India
| | - Selvan Ravindran
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, 412115, MH, India
| | - Neetu Mishra
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International Deemed University, Pune, 412115, MH, India
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Xiong F, Chen L, Zhang YJ, Zhu YR, Sun C, Ma C, Zhang SJ, Wang ZH. Molecular Modeling and Docking Studies of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Pyrimidines as HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2141274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan-jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi-ren Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuai-jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhong-hua Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, PR China
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Hybrid Molecules as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of HIV: Design and Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091092. [PMID: 36145313 PMCID: PMC9502546 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major problem for humanity because HIV is constantly changing and developing resistance to current drugs. This necessitates the development of new anti-HIV drugs that take new approaches to combat an ever-evolving virus. One of the promising alternatives to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the molecular hybrid strategy, in which two or more pharmacophore units of bioactive scaffolds are combined into a single molecular structure. These hybrid structures have the potential to have higher efficacy and lower toxicity than their parent molecules. Given the potential advantages of the hybrid molecular approach, the development and synthesis of these compounds are of great importance in anti-HIV drug discovery. This review focuses on the recent development of hybrid compounds targeting integrase (IN), reverse transcriptase (RT), and protease (PR) proteins and provides a brief description of their chemical structures, structure–activity relationship, and binding mode.
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