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Duan X, Liu W, Liang J, Jing T, Liu Y, Wang X, Liu B. Modulation of protein-ligand interactions in the presence of ZIF-8: Spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 312:124053. [PMID: 38422930 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the protein-ligand interactions in the presence of ZIF-8 using multi-spectroscopic approaches and molecular dynamics simulation. Fluorescence experiments and molecular docking results showed that ZIF-8 did not change the type of quenching and interaction force between ciprofloxacin (CIP) and human serum albumin (HSA), but made the binding constant of HSA-CIP to be smaller, suggesting that ZIF-8 maybe accelerate the dissociation of CIP from HSA-CIP complex. Moreover, the effect of ZIF-8 on the physiological function of HSA was explored. Multi-spectroscopic methods revealed that ZIF-8 did not significantly alter the microenvironment of amino acid groups, but cause a slight decrease in the content of α-helical conformation, and a sparse and flexible structure of the protein backbone. These peculiarities might lead to the diminution of HSA's ability to control drugs. In short, ZIF-8 might enhance drug effect due to affecting the binding of drugs to proteins. However, the present study is only a preliminary investigation of the suitability of ZIF-8 as a drug carrier in vitro, and subsequent in vivo experimental studies will be required to further confirm the idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Tingyu Jing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110075, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
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2
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Lee J, Dutta SD, Acharya R, Park H, Kim H, Randhawa A, Patil TV, Ganguly K, Luthfikasari R, Lim KT. Stimuli-Responsive 3D Printable Conductive Hydrogel: A Step toward Regulating Macrophage Polarization and Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302394. [PMID: 37950552 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are promising alternatives for electrical stimulation of cells and tissues in biomedical engineering. Wound healing and immunomodulation are complex processes that involve multiple cell types and signaling pathways. 3D printable conductive hydrogels have emerged as an innovative approach to promote wound healing and modulate immune responses. CHs can facilitate electrical and mechanical stimuli, which can be beneficial for altering cellular metabolism and enhancing the efficiency of the delivery of therapeutic molecules. This review summarizes the recent advances in 3D printable conductive hydrogels for wound healing and their effect on macrophage polarization. This report also discusses the properties of various conductive materials that can be used to fabricate hydrogels to stimulate immune responses. Furthermore, this review highlights the challenges and limitations of using 3D printable CHs for future material discovery. Overall, 3D printable conductive hydrogels hold excellent potential for accelerating wound healing and immune responses, which can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for skin and immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rumi Acharya
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseo Park
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachmi Luthfikasari
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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3
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Yu H, Saif MS, Hasan M, Zafar A, Zhao X, Waqas M, Tariq T, Xue H, Hussain R. Designing a Silymarin Nanopercolating System Using CME@ZIF-8: An Approach to Hepatic Injuries. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48535-48548. [PMID: 38144097 PMCID: PMC10734040 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
It is commonly known that silymarin, a phytoconstituent obtained from the Silybum marianum plant, has hepatoprotective and antioxidative properties. However, its low oral bioavailability and poor water solubility negatively impact its therapeutic efficacy. The goal of the present study was to determine the efficiency of the Cordia myxa extract-based synthesized zeolitic imidazole metal-organic framework (CME@ZIF-8 MOF) for increasing silymarin's bioavailability. A coprecipitation technique was used to synthesize the CME@ZIF-8 and polyethylene glycol-coated silymarin-loaded MOFs (PEG-Sily@CME@ZIF-8) and a complete factorial design was used to optimize them. The crystalline size of CME@ZIF-8 was 14.7 nm and the size of PEG-Sily@CME@ZIF-8 was 17.39 nm. The loading percentage of the silymarin drug in CME@ZIF-8 was 33.5%. The optimized formulations were then characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, surface morphology, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and drug release in an in vitro medium. Additionally, a rat model was used to investigate the optimized formulation's in vivo hepatoprotective effectiveness. The synthesized silymarin-loaded CME@ZIF-8 MOFs were distinct particles with a porous, spongelike shape and a diameter of (size) nm. Furthermore, the designed silymarin-loaded PEG-Sily@CME@ZIF-8 MOF formulation exhibited considerable silymarin release from the synthesized formula in dissolution investigations. The in vivo evaluation studies demonstrated that the prepared PEG-Sily@CME@ZIF-8 MOFs effectively exhibited a hepatoprotective effect in comparison with free silymarin in a CCl4-based induced-hepatotoxicity rat model via ameliorating the normal antioxidant enzyme levels and restoring the cellular abnormalities produced by CCl4 toxication. In combination, biologically produced CME@ZIF-8 may promise to be a viable biologically based nanocarrier that can enhance the loading and release of silymarin medication, which has low solubility in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- College
of Science, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Saqib Saif
- Faculty
of Chemical and Biological Science, Department of Biochemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Faculty
of Chemical and Biological Science, Department of Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, P. R. China
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School
of Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute
of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Xi Zhao
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Faculty
of Chemical and Biological Science, Department of Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tuba Tariq
- Faculty
of Chemical and Biological Science, Department of Biochemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Huang Xue
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, P. R. China
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Faculty
of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Pathology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
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4
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Goel KK, Thapliyal S, Kharb R, Joshi G, Negi A, Kumar B. Imidazoles as Serotonin Receptor Modulators for Treatment of Depression: Structural Insights and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2208. [PMID: 37765177 PMCID: PMC10535231 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotoninergic signaling is identified as a crucial player in psychiatric disorders (notably depression), presenting it as a significant therapeutic target for treating such conditions. Inhibitors of serotoninergic signaling (especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)) are prominently selected as first-line therapy for the treatment of depression, which benefits via increasing low serotonin levels and norepinephrine by blocking serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake and thereby increasing activity. While developing newer heterocyclic scaffolds to target/modulate the serotonergic systems, imidazole-bearing pharmacophores have emerged. The imidazole-derived pharmacophore already demonstrated unique structural characteristics and an electron-rich environment, ultimately resulting in a diverse range of bioactivities. Therefore, the current manuscript discloses such a specific modification and structural activity relationship (SAR) of attempted derivatization in terms of the serotonergic efficacy of the resultant inhibitor. We also featured a landscape of imidazole-based development, focusing on SAR studies against the serotoninergic system to target depression. This study covers the recent advancements in synthetic methodologies for imidazole derivatives and the development of new molecules having antidepressant activity via modulating serotonergic systems, along with their SAR studies. The focus of the study is to provide structural insights into imidazole-based derivatives as serotonergic system modulators for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Somesh Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
| | - Rajeev Kharb
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
| | - Arvind Negi
- Department of Bioproduct and Biosystems, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HNB Garhwal University, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India (G.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
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5
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Yan Q, Shi S, Ge Y, Wan S, Li M, Li M. Nanoparticles of Cerium-Doped Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Promote Soft Tissue Integration by Reprogramming the Metabolic Pathways of Macrophages. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4241-4254. [PMID: 37290028 PMCID: PMC10337665 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue integration around the abutment of implants is the basis of long-term retention of implants. Macrophages are an important component involved in the repair of soft tissue due to their crucial role in improving the biological structure of connective tissues by regulating the fiber synthesis, adhesion, and contraction of gingival fibroblasts. Recent studies have illustrated that cerium-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Ce@ZIF-8) nanoparticles (NPs) can attenuate periodontitis via both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of Ce@ZIF-8 NPs on soft tissue integration around the abutment is unknown. Herein, we first prepared Ce@ZIF-8 NPs by a one-pot synthesis. Then, we probed the regulatory effect of Ce@ZIF-8 NPs on macrophage polarization, and further experiments were performed to study the changes of fiber synthesis as well as adhesion and contraction of fibroblasts in the M2 macrophage environment stimulated by Ce@ZIF-8 NPs. Strikingly, Ce@ZIF-8 NPs can be internalized by M1 macrophages through macropinocytosis and caveolae-mediated endocytosis in addition to phagocytosis. By catalyzing hydrogen peroxide to produce oxygen, the mitochondrial function was remedied, while hypoxia inducible factor-1α was restrained. Then, macrophages were shifted from the M1 to M2 phenotype via this metabolic reprogramming pathway, provoking soft tissue integration. These results provide innovative insights into facilitating soft tissue integration around implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqian Yan
- Stomatological
Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong
Academy of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Shanwei Shi
- Stomatological
Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong
Academy of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Yang Ge
- Stomatological
Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong
Academy of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Shuangquan Wan
- Stomatological
Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong
Academy of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Mingfei Li
- Stomatological
Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong
Academy of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Maoquan Li
- Stomatological
Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong
Academy of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510180, China
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6
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Gautam S, Das DK, Kaur J, Kumar A, Ubaidullah M, Hasan M, Yadav KK, Gupta RK. Transition metal-based nanoparticles as potential antimicrobial agents: recent advancements, mechanistic, challenges, and future prospects. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:84. [PMID: 37382784 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial transmission is considered one of the potential risks for communicable diseases, requiring promising antibiotics. Traditional drugs possess a limited spectrum of effectiveness, and their frequent administration reduces effectiveness and develops resistivity. In such a situation, we are left with the option of developing novel antibiotics with higher efficiency. In this regard, nanoparticles (NPs) may play a pivotal role in managing such medical situations due to their distinct physiochemical characteristics and impressive biocompatibility. Metallic NPs are found to possess extraordinary antibacterial effects that are useful in vitro as well as in vivo as self-modified therapeutic agents. Due to their wide range of antibacterial efficacy, they have potential therapeutic applications via diverse antibacterial routes. NPs not only restrict the development of bacterial resistance, but they also broaden the scope of antibacterial action without binding the bacterial cell directly to a particular receptor with promising effectiveness against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microbes. This review aimed at exploring the most relevant types of metal NPs employed as antimicrobial agents, particularly those based on Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn metals, and their antimicrobial mechanisms. Further, the challenges and future prospects of NPs in biological applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Gautam
- Nano-Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Das
- Nano-Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Jasvinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Nano-Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, 281406, India.
| | - Mohd Ubaidullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassir Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India
- Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Ram K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas Polymer Research Center, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS, 66762, USA
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Mitjans M, Marics L, Bilbao M, Maddaleno AS, Piñero JJ, Vinardell MP. Size Matters? A Comprehensive In Vitro Study of the Impact of Particle Size on the Toxicity of ZnO. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111800. [PMID: 37299703 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a comparative in vitro study of the toxicity behavior of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and micro-sized particles. The study aimed to understand the impact of particle size on ZnO toxicity by characterizing the particles in different media, including cell culture media, human plasma, and protein solutions (bovine serum albumin and fibrinogen). The particles and their interactions with proteins were characterized in the study using a variety of methods, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Hemolytic activity, coagulation time, and cell viability assays were used to assess ZnO toxicity. The results highlight the complex interactions between ZnO NPs and biological systems, including their aggregation behavior, hemolytic activity, protein corona formation, coagulation effects, and cytotoxicity. Additionally, the study indicates that ZnO nanoparticles are not more toxic than micro-sized particles, and the 50 nm particle results were, in general, the least toxic. Furthermore, the study found that, at low concentrations, no acute toxicity was observed. Overall, this study provides important insights into the toxicity behavior of ZnO particles and highlights that no direct relationship between nanometer size and toxicity can be directly attributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Mitjans
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Marics
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Bilbao
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana S Maddaleno
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Piñero
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pilar Vinardell
- Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Zhang S, Li J, Yan L, You Y, Zhao F, Cheng J, Yang L, Sun Y, Chang Q, Liu R, Li Y. Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a Drug Delivery Vehicle for the Transport and Release of Telomerase Inhibitor BIBR 1532. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111779. [PMID: 37299682 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase is constitutively overexpressed in the majority of human cancers and telomerase inhibition provides a promising broad-spectrum anticancer therapeutic strategy. BIBR 1532 is a well-known synthetic telomerase inhibitor that blocks the enzymatic activity of hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase. However, water insolubility of BIBR 1532 leads to low cellular uptake and inadequate delivery and thus, limits its anti-tumor effects. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is considered as an attractive drug delivery vehicle for improved transport, release and anti-tumor effects of BIBR 1532. Herein, ZIF-8 and BIBR 1532@ZIF-8 were synthesized, respectively, and the physicochemical characterizations confirmed the successful encapsulation of BIBR 1532 in ZIF-8 coupled with an improved stability of BIBR 1532. ZIF-8 could alter the permeability of lysosomal membrane probably by the imidazole ring-dependent protonation. Moreover, ZIF-8 encapsulation facilitated the cellular uptake and release of BIBR 1532 with more accumulation in the nucleus. BIBR 1532 encapsulation with ZIF-8 triggered a more obvious growth inhibition of cancer cells as compared with free BIBR 1532. A more potent inhibition on hTERT mRNA expression, aggravated G0/G1 arrest accompanied with an increased cellular senescence were detected in BIBR 1532@ZIF-8-treated cancer cells. Our work has provided preliminary information on improving the transport, release and efficacy of water-insoluble small molecule drugs by using ZIF-8 as a delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinxia Li
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liang Yan
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue You
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jixing Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Limin Yang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanqi Sun
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Rizhao 276800, China
| | - Qingchao Chang
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ru Liu
- CAS Key Lab for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhui Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
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9
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Schalli M, Platzer S, Schmutz R, Ofner-Kopeinig P, Reinthaler FF, Haas D. Dissolved Carbon Dioxide: The Lifespan of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis in Bottled Carbonated Mineral Water. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030432. [PMID: 36979124 PMCID: PMC10045048 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
During the process of mineral water production, many possible contamination settings can influence the quality of bottled water. Microbial contamination can originate from different sources, for example, the ambient air, the bottles, the caps, and from the bottling machine itself. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of three different carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (3.0 g/L, 5.5 g/L, and 7.0 g/L; 20 bottles each) in bottled mineral water on the bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Enterococcus faecalis (Ent. faecalis). The examined mineral water was artificially contaminated before capping the bottles inside the factory. After a specific number of days, water samples were taken from freshly opened bottles and after filtration (100 mL), filters were placed on Columbia Agar with 5% Sheep blood to cultivate S. aureus and Slanetz and Bartley Agar to cultivate Ent. faecalis. The respective colony-forming units (CFU) were counted after incubation times ranging from 24 to 120 h. Colony-forming units of S. aureus were not detectable after the 16th and 27th day, whereas Ent. faecalis was not cultivable after the 5th and 13th day when stored inside the bottles. The investigation of the bottles that were stored open for a certain amount of time with CO2 bubbling out showed only single colonies for S. aureus after the 5th day and no CFUs for Ent. faecalis after the 17th day. A reduction in the two investigated bacterial strains during storage in carbonated mineral water bottles means that a proper standardized disinfection and cleaning procedure, according to valid hygiene standards of industrial bottling machines, cannot be replaced by carbonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schalli
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-73610
| | - Sabine Platzer
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Schmutz
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Ofner-Kopeinig
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Franz F. Reinthaler
- Department for Water-Hygiene and Micro-Ecology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Doris Haas
- Applied Hygiene and Aerobiology, D&R Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Cytotoxic and Bactericidal Effects of Inhalable Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) Nanoparticles with Traces of Zinc Oxide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054532. [PMID: 36901963 PMCID: PMC10002581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The bactericidal effects of inhalable ciprofloxacin (CIP) loaded-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx) nanoparticles (NPs) with traces of zinc oxide (ZnO) were investigated against clinical strains of the respiratory pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs retained their bactericidal activity within the formulations compared to free CIP drugs against these two pathogens, and bactericidal effects were enhanced with the inclusion of ZnO. PEtOx polymer and ZnO NPs did not show bactericidal activity alone or in combination against these pathogens. The formulations were tested to determine the cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects on airway epithelial cells derived from healthy donors (NHBE), donors with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, DHBE), and a cell line derived from adults with cystic fibrosis (CFBE41o-) and macrophages from healthy adult controls (HCs), and those with either COPD or CF. NHBE cells demonstrated maximum cell viability (66%) against CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 50.7 mg/mL. CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs were more toxic to epithelial cells from donors with respiratory diseases than NHBEs, with respective IC50 values of 0.103 mg/mL for DHBEs and 0.514 mg/mL for CFBE41o- cells. However, high concentrations of CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs were toxic to macrophages, with respective IC50 values of 0.002 mg/mL for HC macrophages and 0.021 mg/mL for CF-like macrophages. PEtOx NPs, ZnO NPs, and ZnO-PEtOx NPs with no drug were not cytotoxic to any cells investigated. The in vitro digestibility of PEtOx and its NPs was investigated in simulated lung fluid (SLF) (pH 7.4). The analysed samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Digestion of PEtOx NPs commenced one week following incubation and was completely digested after four weeks; however, the original PEtOx was not digested after six weeks of incubation. The outcome of this study revealed that PEtOx polymer could be considered an efficient drug delivery carrier in respiratory linings, and CIP-loaded PEtOx NPs with traces of ZnO could be a promising addition to inhalable treatments against resistant bacteria with reduced toxicity.
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