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Zhang E, Zhu X, Wang W, Sun Y, Tian X, Chen Z, Mou X, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Fang Z, Ravenscroft N, O’Connor D, Chang X, Yan M. Metabolomics reveals the response of hydroprimed maize to mitigate the impact of soil salinization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1109460. [PMID: 37351217 PMCID: PMC10282767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1109460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a major environmental stressor hindering global crop production. Hydropriming has emerged as a promising approach to reduce salt stress and enhance crop yields on salinized land. However, a better mechanisitic understanding is required to improve salt stress tolerance. We used a biochemical and metabolomics approach to study the effect of salt stress of hydroprimed maize to identify the types and variation of differentially accumulated metabolites. Here we show that hydropriming significantly increased catalase (CAT) activity, soluble sugar and proline content, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and peroxide (H2O2) content. Conversely, hydropriming had no significant effect on POD activity, soluble protein and MDA content under salt stress. The Metabolite analysis indicated that salt stress significantly increased the content of 1278 metabolites and decreased the content of 1044 metabolites. Ethisterone (progesterone) was the most important metabolite produced in the roots of unprimed samples in response to salt s tress. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, which relate to scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), was the most significant metabolic pathway related to salt stress. Hydropriming significantly increased the content of 873 metabolites and significantly decreased the content of 1313 metabolites. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate, a methyl donor for methionine, was the most important metabolite produced in the roots of hydroprimed samples in response to salt stress. Plant growth regulator, such as melatonin, gibberellin A8, estrone, abscisic acid and brassinolide involved in both treatment. Our results not only verify the roles of key metabolites in resisting salt stress, but also further evidence that flavone and flavonol biosynthesis and plant growth regulator relate to salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enying Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingjian Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomin Tian
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinshang Mou
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yueheng Wei
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhixuan Fang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, United Kingdom
- International Agriculture University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - David O’Connor
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, United Kingdom
| | - Xianmin Chang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Royal Agricultural University, Cirencester, United Kingdom
| | - Min Yan
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Boussadia O, Zgallai H, Mzid N, Zaabar R, Braham M, Doupis G, Koubouris G. Physiological Responses of Two Olive Cultivars to Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1926. [PMID: 37653843 PMCID: PMC10222188 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is the main fruit tree in most of the arid and semi-arid regions of Tunisia, which is where the problem of salinity is more pronounced. Salinity is one of the main factors that affects the productivity of olive trees, so the objective of this experiment was to study the effects of salinity on the photosynthesis, water relations, mineral status, and enzymatic activity of two cultivars of Olea europaea L., 'Chemlali' and 'Koroneiki'. The trial was conducted under controlled conditions in a greenhouse for a period of 49 days and included two treatments: T0 control and T100 (irrigation with 100 mM of NaCl solution). Under salinity stress, the photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and leaves of both cultivars were negatively affected. 'Chemlali' showed greater tolerance to NaCl salinity, based on a progressive decrease in osmotic potential (Ψπ) followed by a progressive and synchronous decrease in gs, without a comparable decrease in photosynthesis. The water use efficiency (WUE) improved as a result. In addition, the K+/Na+ ratio in 'Chemlali' rose. This appears to be crucial for managing stress. Conversely, enzymatic activity showed an accumulation of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in stressed plants. The catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) content decreased in both stressed varieties. It can be concluded that the cultivar 'Koroneiki' is more susceptible to salt stress than the cultivar 'Chemlali', because the accumulation of GPX and the decreases in CAT and APX were more pronounced in this cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Boussadia
- Olive Institute, Ibn Khaldoun BP 14, Sousse 4061, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Zgallai
- National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunisia, Rue Hedi Karray, Tunis 1004, Tunisia
| | - Nada Mzid
- Department of Agriculture Forestry and Nature (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Rihem Zaabar
- Olive Institute, Ibn Khaldoun BP 14, Sousse 4061, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Braham
- Olive Institute, Ibn Khaldoun BP 14, Sousse 4061, Tunisia
| | - Georgios Doupis
- Laboratory of Olive Cultivation, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, Leoforos Karamanli 167, 73134 Chania, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Koubouris
- Laboratory of Olive Cultivation, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, Leoforos Karamanli 167, 73134 Chania, Crete, Greece
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Dias MC, Pinto DCGA, Costa M, Araújo M, Santos C, Silva AMS. Phytochemical and Antioxidant Profile of the Medicinal Plant Melia azedarach Subjected to Water Deficit Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113611. [PMID: 36362399 PMCID: PMC9656347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stress triggered by climate change can alter the plant’s metabolite profile, which affects its physiology and performance. This is particularly important in medicinal species because their economic value depends on the richness of their phytocompounds. We aimed to characterize how water deficit modulated the medicinal species Melia azedarach’s lipophilic profile and antioxidant status. Young plants were exposed to water deficit for 20 days, and lipophilic metabolite profile and the antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Leaves of M. azedarach are rich in important fatty acids and oleamide. Water deficit increased the radical scavenging capacity, total phenol, flavonoids, and catechol pools, and the accumulation of β-sitosterol, myo-inositol, succinic acid, sucrose, d-glucose and derivatives, d-psicofuranose, d-(+)-fructofuranose, and the fatty acids stearic, α-linolenic, linoleic and palmitic acids. These responses are relevant to protecting the plant against climate change-related stress and also increase the nutritional and antioxidant quality of M. azedarach leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Celeste Dias
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Costa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Márcia Araújo
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- IB2 Lab, Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, Rua do Campo, Alegre, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Conceição Santos
- IB2 Lab, Department of Biology & LAQV/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences, Rua do Campo, Alegre, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur M. S. Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Fu CC, Xu FY, Qian YC, Koo HL, Duan YF, Weng GM, Fan TP, Chen MX, Zhu FY. Secondary Metabolites of Osmanthus fragrans: Metabolism and Medicinal Value. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922204. [PMID: 35924042 PMCID: PMC9340074 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans (scientific name: Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour.) is a species of the Osmanthus genus in the family Oleaceae, and it has a long history of cultivation in China. O. fragrans is edible and is well known for conferring a natural fragrance to desserts. This flowering plant has long been cultivated for ornamental purposes. Most contemporary literature related to O. fragrans focuses on its edible value and new species discovery, but the functional use of O. fragrans is often neglected. O, fragrans has many properties that are beneficial to human health, and its roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits have medicinal value. These characteristics are recorded in the classics of traditional Chinese medicine. Studies on the metabolites and medicinal value of O. fragrans published in recent years were used in this study to evaluate the medicinal value of O. fragrans. Using keywords such as metabolites and Osmanthus fragrans, a systematic and nonexhaustive search of articles, papers and books related to the medicinal use of Osmanthus fragrans metabolites was conducted. Fifteen metabolites were identified through this literature search and classified into three categories according to their properties and structure: flavonoids, terpenes and phenolic acids. It was found that the pharmacological activities of these secondary metabolites mainly include antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities and that these metabolites can be used to treat many human diseases, such as cancer, skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological diseases. Most of the reports that are currently available and concern the secondary metabolites of Osmanthus fragrans have limitations. Some reports introduce only the general classification of compounds in Osmanthus fragrans, and some reports introduce only a single compound. In contrast, the introduction section of this paper includes both the category and the functional value of each compound. While reviewing the data for this study, the authors found that the specific action sites of these compounds and their mechanisms of action in plants are relatively weak, and in the future, additional research should be conducted to investigate this topic further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Fu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fa-Ying Xu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu-Chen Qian
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hoi-Lun Koo
- RCI Research Institute Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi-Fan Duan
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Geng-Min Weng
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tai-Ping Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mo-Xian Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Mo-Xian Chen, ; Fu-Yuan Zhu,
| | - Fu-Yuan Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China and Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- International Cultivar Registration Center for Osmanthus, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Mo-Xian Chen, ; Fu-Yuan Zhu,
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Chemical Profiling of Two Italian Olea europaea (L.) Varieties Subjected to UV-B Stress. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11050680. [PMID: 35270150 PMCID: PMC8912780 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer due to natural and/or anthropogenic causes decreases the amount of UV-B radiation filtered, and consequently increases the risk of potential damage to organisms. In the Mediterranean region, high UV-B indices are frequent. Even for species typical of this region, such as the olive tree, the progressive increase in UV-B radiation represents a threat. This work aimed to understand how high UV-B radiation modulates the phenolic and lipophilic profile of olive varieties, and identify metabolites that enhance olive stress tolerance. Two Italian olive varieties were subjected to chronic UV-B stress, and leaves were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the most representative phenolic and lipophilic compounds of Giarraffa and Olivastra Seggianese were readjusted in response to UV-B stress. The Giarraffa variety seemed better suited to prolonged UV-B stress, possibly due to the higher availability of flavonoids that could help control oxidative damage, and the accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives that could provide strong UV-B shield protection. In addition, this variety contained higher levels of fatty acids (e.g., palmitic, α-linolenic, and stearic acids), which can help to maintain membrane integrity and accumulate more sorbitol (which may serve as an osmoprotectant or act a free-radical scavenger), terpenes, and long-chain alkanes, providing higher protection against UV-B stress.
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Kundrátová K, Bartas M, Pečinka P, Hejna O, Rychlá A, Čurn V, Červeň J. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Drought Stress Response in Opium Poppy Plants during the First Week of Germination. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091878. [PMID: 34579414 PMCID: PMC8465278 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water deficiency is one of the most significant abiotic stresses that negatively affects growth and reduces crop yields worldwide. Most research is focused on model plants and/or crops which are most agriculturally important. In this research, drought stress was applied to two drought stress contrasting varieties of Papaver somniferum (the opium poppy), a non-model plant species, during the first week of its germination, which differ in responses to drought stress. After sowing, the poppy seedlings were immediately subjected to drought stress for 7 days. We conducted a large-scale transcriptomic and proteomic analysis for drought stress response. At first, we found that the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles significantly differ. However, the most significant findings are the identification of key genes and proteins with significantly different expressions relating to drought stress, e.g., the heat-shock protein family, dehydration responsive element-binding transcription factors, ubiquitin E3 ligase, and others. In addition, metabolic pathway analysis showed that these genes and proteins were part of several biosynthetic pathways most significantly related to photosynthetic processes, and oxidative stress responses. A future study will focus on a detailed analysis of key genes and the development of selection markers for the determination of drought-resistant varieties and the breeding of new resistant lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Kundrátová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Martin Bartas
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Petr Pečinka
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
| | - Ondřej Hejna
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Andrea Rychlá
- Research Institute of Oilseed Crops, OSEVA PRO. Ltd., Purkyňova 10, 764 01 Opava, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladislav Čurn
- Department of Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 1668, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (V.Č.); (J.Č.)
| | - Jiří Červeň
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (M.B.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.Č.); (J.Č.)
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