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Fan Y, Sun C, Yan K, Li P, Hein I, Gilroy EM, Kear P, Bi Z, Yao P, Liu Z, Liu Y, Bai J. Recent Advances in Studies of Genomic DNA Methylation and Its Involvement in Regulating Drought Stress Response in Crops. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1400. [PMID: 38794470 PMCID: PMC11125032 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
As global arid conditions worsen and groundwater resources diminish, drought stress has emerged as a critical impediment to plant growth and development globally, notably causing declines in crop yields and even the extinction of certain cultivated species. Numerous studies on drought resistance have demonstrated that DNA methylation dynamically interacts with plant responses to drought stress by modulating gene expression and developmental processes. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these interactions remain elusive. This article consolidates the latest research on the role of DNA methylation in plant responses to drought stress across various species, focusing on methods of methylation detection, mechanisms of methylation pattern alteration (including DNA de novo methylation, DNA maintenance methylation, and DNA demethylation), and overall responses to drought conditions. While many studies have observed significant shifts in genome-wide or gene promoter methylation levels in drought-stressed plants, the identification of specific genes and pathways involved remains limited. This review aims to furnish a reference for detailed research into plant responses to drought stress through epigenetic approaches, striving to identify drought resistance genes regulated by DNA methylation, specific signaling pathways, and their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.F.); (P.L.); (Z.B.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.F.); (P.L.); (Z.B.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Kan Yan
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Pengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.F.); (P.L.); (Z.B.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ingo Hein
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK; (I.H.); (E.M.G.)
| | | | - Philip Kear
- International Potato Center (CIP), CIP China Center for Asia Pacific (CCCAP), Beijing 102199, China;
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.F.); (P.L.); (Z.B.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Panfeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.F.); (P.L.); (Z.B.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.F.); (P.L.); (Z.B.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.F.); (P.L.); (Z.B.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jiangping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.F.); (P.L.); (Z.B.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.); (Y.L.)
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Ganie SA, McMulkin N, Devoto A. The role of priming and memory in rice environmental stress adaptation: Current knowledge and perspectives. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1895-1915. [PMID: 38358119 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plant responses to abiotic stresses are dynamic, following the unpredictable changes of physical environmental parameters such as temperature, water and nutrients. Physiological and phenotypical responses to stress are intercalated by periods of recovery. An earlier stress can be remembered as 'stress memory' to mount a response within a generation or transgenerationally. The 'stress priming' phenomenon allows plants to respond quickly and more robustly to stressors to increase survival, and therefore has significant implications for agriculture. Although evidence for stress memory in various plant species is accumulating, understanding of the mechanisms implicated, especially for crops of agricultural interest, is in its infancy. Rice is a major food crop which is susceptible to abiotic stresses causing constraints on its cultivation and yield globally. Advancing the understanding of the stress response network will thus have a significant impact on rice sustainable production and global food security in the face of climate change. Therefore, this review highlights the effects of priming on rice abiotic stress tolerance and focuses on specific aspects of stress memory, its perpetuation and its regulation at epigenetic, transcriptional, metabolic as well as physiological levels. The open questions and future directions in this exciting research field are also laid out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Nancy McMulkin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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Hafeez A, Ali S, Javed MA, Iqbal R, Khan MN, Çiğ F, Sabagh AE, Abujamel T, Harakeh S, Ercisli S, Ali B. Breeding for water-use efficiency in wheat: progress, challenges and prospects. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:429. [PMID: 38517566 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Drought poses a significant challenge to wheat production globally, leading to substantial yield losses and affecting various agronomic and physiological traits. The genetic route offers potential solutions to improve water-use efficiency (WUE) in wheat and mitigate the negative impacts of drought stress. Breeding for drought tolerance involves selecting desirable plants such as efficient water usage, deep root systems, delayed senescence, and late wilting point. Biomarkers, automated and high-throughput techniques, and QTL genes are crucial in enhancing breeding strategies and developing wheat varieties with improved resilience to water scarcity. Moreover, the role of root system architecture (RSA) in water-use efficiency is vital, as roots play a key role in nutrient and water uptake. Genetic engineering techniques offer promising avenues to introduce desirable RSA traits in wheat to enhance drought tolerance. These technologies enable targeted modifications in DNA sequences, facilitating the development of drought-tolerant wheat germplasm. The article highlighted the techniques that could play a role in mitigating drought stress in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Hafeez
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Shehzad Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ammar Javed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nauman Khan
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
- Biology Laboratory, University Public School, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Fatih Çiğ
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, 56100, Turkey
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Siirt University, Siirt, 56100, Turkey
| | - Turki Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
- HGF Agro, Ata Teknokent, Erzurum, 25240, Türkiye
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Aina O, Bakare OO, Fadaka AO, Keyster M, Klein A. Plant biomarkers as early detection tools in stress management in food crops: a review. PLANTA 2024; 259:60. [PMID: 38311674 PMCID: PMC10838863 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Plant Biomarkers are objective indicators of a plant's cellular state in response to abiotic and biotic stress factors. They can be explored in crop breeding and engineering to produce stress-tolerant crop species. Global food production safely and sustainably remains a top priority to feed the ever-growing human population, expected to reach 10 billion by 2050. However, abiotic and biotic stress factors negatively impact food production systems, causing between 70 and 100% reduction in crop yield. Understanding the plant stress responses is critical for developing novel crops that can adapt better to various adverse environmental conditions. Using plant biomarkers as measurable indicators of a plant's cellular response to external stimuli could serve as early warning signals to detect stresses before severe damage occurs. Plant biomarkers have received considerable attention in the last decade as pre-stress indicators for various economically important food crops. This review discusses some biomarkers associated with abiotic and biotic stress conditions and highlights their importance in developing stress-resilient crops. In addition, we highlighted some factors influencing the expression of biomarkers in crop plants under stress. The information presented in this review would educate plant researchers, breeders, and agronomists on the significance of plant biomarkers in stress biology research, which is essential for improving plant growth and yield toward sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolola Aina
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
| | - Olalekan O Bakare
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, 121001, Nigeria
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
| | - Adewale O Fadaka
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
| | - Marshall Keyster
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
| | - Ashwil Klein
- Plant Omics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7530, South Africa.
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Abdulraheem MI, Xiong Y, Moshood AY, Cadenas-Pliego G, Zhang H, Hu J. Mechanisms of Plant Epigenetic Regulation in Response to Plant Stress: Recent Discoveries and Implications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:163. [PMID: 38256717 PMCID: PMC10820249 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant stress is a significant challenge that affects the development, growth, and productivity of plants and causes an adverse environmental condition that disrupts normal physiological processes and hampers plant survival. Epigenetic regulation is a crucial mechanism for plants to respond and adapt to stress. Several studies have investigated the role of DNA methylation (DM), non-coding RNAs, and histone modifications in plant stress responses. However, there are various limitations or challenges in translating the research findings into practical applications. Hence, this review delves into the recent recovery, implications, and applications of epigenetic regulation in response to plant stress. To better understand plant epigenetic regulation under stress, we reviewed recent studies published in the last 5-10 years that made significant contributions, and we analyzed the novel techniques and technologies that have advanced the field, such as next-generation sequencing and genome-wide profiling of epigenetic modifications. We emphasized the breakthrough findings that have uncovered specific genes or pathways and the potential implications of understanding plant epigenetic regulation in response to stress for agriculture, crop improvement, and environmental sustainability. Finally, we concluded that plant epigenetic regulation in response to stress holds immense significance in agriculture, and understanding its mechanisms in stress tolerance can revolutionize crop breeding and genetic engineering strategies, leading to the evolution of stress-tolerant crops and ensuring sustainable food production in the face of climate change and other environmental challenges. Future research in this field will continue to unveil the intricacies of epigenetic regulation and its potential applications in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukhtar Iderawumi Abdulraheem
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China or (M.I.A.); (Y.X.); (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yani Xiong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China or (M.I.A.); (Y.X.); (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Abiodun Yusuff Moshood
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China or (M.I.A.); (Y.X.); (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gregorio Cadenas-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico;
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China or (M.I.A.); (Y.X.); (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jiandong Hu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China or (M.I.A.); (Y.X.); (A.Y.M.); (H.Z.)
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Laser Technology in Agriculture Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Guedes WA, Nobre RG, Soares LADA, de Lima GS, Gheyi HR, Fernandes PD, Ferreira APN, da Silva AAR, de Azevedo CAV, Silva DV, de Medeiros JF. Irrigation Strategies with Controlled Water Deficit in Two Production Cycles of Cotton. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2892. [PMID: 37631104 PMCID: PMC10458130 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is one of the main abiotic factors that limit agricultural production. In this sense, the identification of genotypes tolerant to water deficit associated with irrigation management strategies is extremely important. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphology, production, water consumption, and water use efficiency of colored fiber cotton genotypes submitted to irrigation strategies with a water deficit in the phenological phases. Two experiments were conducted in succession. In the first experiment, a randomized block design was used in a 3 × 7 factorial scheme, corresponding to three colored cotton genotypes (BRS Rubi, BRS Jade, and BRS Safira) in seven irrigation management strategies with 40% of the real evapotranspiration (ETr) varying the phenological stages. In the second experiment, the same design was used in a 3 × 10 factorial arrangement (genotypes × irrigation management strategies). The water deficit in the vegetative phase can be used in the first year of cotton cultivation. Among the genotypes, 'BRS Jade' is the most tolerant to water deficit in terms of phytomass accumulation and fiber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellinghton Alves Guedes
- Postgraduate Program in Soil and Water Management, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59780-000, RN, Brazil; (W.A.G.); (A.P.N.F.); (D.V.S.); (J.F.d.M.)
| | - Reginaldo Gomes Nobre
- Postgraduate Program in Soil and Water Management, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59780-000, RN, Brazil; (W.A.G.); (A.P.N.F.); (D.V.S.); (J.F.d.M.)
| | | | - Geovani Soares de Lima
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (G.S.d.L.); (H.R.G.); (P.D.F.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.)
| | - Hans Raj Gheyi
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (G.S.d.L.); (H.R.G.); (P.D.F.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.)
| | - Pedro Dantas Fernandes
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (G.S.d.L.); (H.R.G.); (P.D.F.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.)
| | - Ana Paula Nunes Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Soil and Water Management, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59780-000, RN, Brazil; (W.A.G.); (A.P.N.F.); (D.V.S.); (J.F.d.M.)
| | - André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (G.S.d.L.); (H.R.G.); (P.D.F.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo
- Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58430-380, PB, Brazil; (G.S.d.L.); (H.R.G.); (P.D.F.); (A.A.R.d.S.); (C.A.V.d.A.)
| | - Daniel Valadão Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Soil and Water Management, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59780-000, RN, Brazil; (W.A.G.); (A.P.N.F.); (D.V.S.); (J.F.d.M.)
| | - José Francismar de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Soil and Water Management, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, Mossoró 59780-000, RN, Brazil; (W.A.G.); (A.P.N.F.); (D.V.S.); (J.F.d.M.)
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Adel S, Carels N. Plant Tolerance to Drought Stress with Emphasis on Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112170. [PMID: 37299149 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses, such as drought, have negative effects on crop yield. Drought is a stress whose impact tends to increase in some critical regions. However, the worldwide population is continuously increasing and climate change may affect its food supply in the upcoming years. Therefore, there is an ongoing effort to understand the molecular processes that may contribute to improving drought tolerance of strategic crops. These investigations should contribute to delivering drought-tolerant cultivars by selective breeding. For this reason, it is worthwhile to review regularly the literature concerning the molecular mechanisms and technologies that could facilitate gene pyramiding for drought tolerance. This review summarizes achievements obtained using QTL mapping, genomics, synteny, epigenetics, and transgenics for the selective breeding of drought-tolerant wheat cultivars. Synthetic apomixis combined with the msh1 mutation opens the way to induce and stabilize epigenomes in crops, which offers the potential of accelerating selective breeding for drought tolerance in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Adel
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Nicolas Carels
- Laboratory of Biological System Modeling, Center of Technological Development for Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-361, Brazil
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Møller C, March-Salas M, Kuppler J, De Frenne P, Scheepens JF. Intra-individual variation in Galium odoratum is affected by experimental drought and shading. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:411-422. [PMID: 36546703 PMCID: PMC10072115 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Climate-change induced warmer spring temperatures advance tree leaf-out and result in earlier shading of the forest floor. Climate change also leads to more frequent droughts. Forest understorey herbs may respond to these environmental changes by varying traits at different hierarchical levels of organization. While trait mean variation at the inter-individual level in response to environmental changes is well-studied, little is known about how variation at the intra-individual level responds. METHODS We sampled genets of the forest understorey herb Galium odoratum from 21 populations in three regions in Germany, varying in microclimatic conditions. The genets were transplanted into a common garden, where we applied shading and drought treatments. We measured plant height and leaf length and width, and calculated the coefficient of variation (CV) at different hierarchical levels: intra-population, intra-genet, intra-ramet and intra-shoot. KEY RESULTS Variance partitioning showed that intra-shoot CV represented most of the total variation, followed by intra-ramet CV. We found significant variation in CV of plant height and leaf width among populations of origin, indicating that CV is at least partly genetically based. The soil temperature at populations' origins correlated negatively with CV in plant height, suggesting adaptation to local conditions. Furthermore, we observed that early shade led to increased intra-ramet CV in leaf length, while drought reduced intra-shoot CV in leaf width. Finally, intra-shoot leaf width mean and CV were independent under control conditions but correlated under drought. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental results reveal correlations of intra-individual variation with soil temperature, indicating that intra-individual variation can evolve and may be adaptive. Intra-individual variation responded plastically to drought and shading, suggesting functional changes to improve light capture and reduce evapotranspiration. In conclusion, intra-individual variation makes up the majority of total trait variation in this species and can play a key role in plant adaptation to climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Møller
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martí March-Salas
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonas Kuppler
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090 Gontrode, Belgium
| | - J F Scheepens
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Raza A, Mubarik MS, Sharif R, Habib M, Jabeen W, Zhang C, Chen H, Chen ZH, Siddique KHM, Zhuang W, Varshney RK. Developing drought-smart, ready-to-grow future crops. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20279. [PMID: 36366733 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Breeding crop plants with increased yield potential and improved tolerance to stressful environments is critical for global food security. Drought stress (DS) adversely affects agricultural productivity worldwide and is expected to rise in the coming years. Therefore, it is vital to understand the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and ecological mechanisms associated with DS. This review examines recent advances in plant responses to DS to expand our understanding of DS-associated mechanisms. Suboptimal water sources adversely affect crop growth and yields through physical impairments, physiological disturbances, biochemical modifications, and molecular adjustments. To control the devastating effect of DS in crop plants, it is important to understand its consequences, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of DS for sustainable production. In addition to plant responses, we highlight several mitigation options such as omics approaches, transgenics breeding, genome editing, and biochemical to mechanical methods (foliar treatments, seed priming, and conventional agronomic practices). Further, we have also presented the scope of conventional and speed breeding platforms in helping to develop the drought-smart future crops. In short, we recommend incorporating several approaches, such as multi-omics, genome editing, speed breeding, and traditional mechanical strategies, to develop drought-smart cultivars to achieve the 'zero hunger' goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | | | - Rahat Sharif
- Dep. of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou Univ., Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Madiha Habib
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Rd., Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Warda Jabeen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Univ. of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney Univ., Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The Univ. of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch Univ., Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
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Colzi I, Gonnelli C, Vergata C, Golia G, Coppi A, Castellani MB, Giovino A, Buti M, Sabato T, Capuana M, Aprile A, De Bellis L, Cicatelli A, Guarino F, Castiglione S, Ioannou AG, Fotopoulos V, Martinelli F. Transgenerational effects of chromium stress at the phenotypic and molecular level in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130092. [PMID: 36303345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the results obtained in a study of the transgenerational phenotypic effects of chromium (Cr) stress on the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana. The F1 generation derived from parents grown under chronic and medium chronic stress showed significantly higher levels of the maximal effective concentration (EC50) compared with F1 plants generated from unstressed parents. Moreover, F1 plants from Cr-stressed parents showed a higher germination rate when grown in the presence of Cr. F1 plants derived from parents cultivated under chronic Cr stress displayed reduced hydrogen peroxide levels under Cr stress compared to controls. At lower Cr stress levels, F1 plants were observed to activate promptly more genes involved in Cr stress responses than F0 plants, implying a memory effect linked to transgenerational priming. At higher Cr levels, and at later stages, F1 plants modulated significantly fewer genes than F0 plants, implying a memory effect leading to Cr stress adaptation. Several bHLH transcription factors were induced by Cr stress in F1 but not in F0 plants, including bHLH100, ORG2 and ORG3. F1 plants optimized gene expression towards pathways linked to iron starvation response. A model of the transcriptional regulation of transgenerational memory to Cr stress is presented here, and could be applied for other heavy metal stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Colzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Antonio Giovino
- CREA Consiglio per la ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca Difesa e Certificazione, Bagheria, Italy.
| | - Matteo Buti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Italy.
| | | | - Maurizio Capuana
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Italy.
| | - Alessio Aprile
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Angela Cicatelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Italy.
| | | | | | - Andreas G Ioannou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus.
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus.
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11
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Rudy E, Grabsztunowicz M, Arasimowicz-Jelonek M, Tanwar UK, Maciorowska J, Sobieszczuk-Nowicka E. N 6-methyladenosine (m 6A) RNA modification as a metabolic switch between plant cell survival and death in leaf senescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1064131. [PMID: 36684776 PMCID: PMC9846058 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Crop losses caused by climate change and various (a)biotic stressors negatively affect agriculture and crop production. Therefore, it is vital to develop a proper understanding of the complex response(s) to (a)biotic stresses and delineate them for each crop plant as a means to enable translational research. In plants, the improvement of crop quality by m6A editing is believed to be a promising strategy. As a reaction to environmental changes, m6A modification showed a high degree of sensitivity and complexity. We investigated differences in gene medleys between dark-induced leaf senescence (DILS) and developmental leaf senescence in barley, including inter alia RNA modifications active in DILS. The identified upregulated genes in DILS include RNA methyltransferases of different RNA types, embracing enzymes modifying mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. We have defined a decisive moment in the DILS model which determines the point of no return, but the mechanism of its control is yet to be uncovered. This indicates the possibility of an unknown additional switch between cell survival and cell death. Discoveries of m6A RNA modification changes in certain RNA species in different stages of leaf senescence may uncover the role of such modifications in metabolic reprogramming. Nonetheless, there is no such data about the process of leaf senescence in plants. In this scope, the prospect of finding connections between the process of senescence and m6A modification of RNA in plants seems to be compelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Rudy
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magda Grabsztunowicz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, Poland
| | - Umesh Kumar Tanwar
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, Poland
| | - Julia Maciorowska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Sobieszczuk-Nowicka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, Poland
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12
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Nguyen NH, Vu NT, Cheong JJ. Transcriptional Stress Memory and Transgenerational Inheritance of Drought Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12918. [PMID: 36361708 PMCID: PMC9654142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants respond to drought stress by producing abscisic acid, a chemical messenger that regulates gene expression and thereby expedites various physiological and cellular processes including the stomatal operation to mitigate stress and promote tolerance. To trigger or suppress gene transcription under drought stress conditions, the surrounding chromatin architecture must be converted between a repressive and active state by epigenetic remodeling, which is achieved by the dynamic interplay among DNA methylation, histone modifications, loop formation, and non-coding RNA generation. Plants can memorize chromatin status under drought conditions to enable them to deal with recurrent stress. Furthermore, drought tolerance acquired during plant growth can be transmitted to the next generation. The epigenetically modified chromatin architectures of memory genes under stressful conditions can be transmitted to newly developed cells by mitotic cell division, and to germline cells of offspring by overcoming the restraints on meiosis. In mammalian cells, the acquired memory state is completely erased and reset during meiosis. The mechanism by which plant cells overcome this resetting during meiosis to transmit memory is unclear. In this article, we review recent findings on the mechanism underlying transcriptional stress memory and the transgenerational inheritance of drought tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nam Tuan Vu
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jong-Joo Cheong
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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13
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Sharma KK, Palakolanu SR, Bhattacharya J, Shankhapal AR, Bhatnagar-Mathur P. CRISPR for accelerating genetic gains in under-utilized crops of the drylands: Progress and prospects. Front Genet 2022; 13:999207. [PMID: 36276961 PMCID: PMC9582247 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.999207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies and innovations are critical for addressing the future food system needs where genetic resources are an essential component of the change process. Advanced breeding tools like "genome editing" are vital for modernizing crop breeding to provide game-changing solutions to some of the "must needed" traits in agriculture. CRISPR/Cas-based tools have been rapidly repurposed for editing applications based on their improved efficiency, specificity and reduced off-target effects. Additionally, precise gene-editing tools such as base editing, prime editing, and multiplexing provide precision in stacking of multiple traits in an elite variety, and facilitating specific and targeted crop improvement. This has helped in advancing research and delivery of products in a short time span, thereby enhancing the rate of genetic gains. A special focus has been on food security in the drylands through crops including millets, teff, fonio, quinoa, Bambara groundnut, pigeonpea and cassava. While these crops contribute significantly to the agricultural economy and resilience of the dryland, improvement of several traits including increased stress tolerance, nutritional value, and yields are urgently required. Although CRISPR has potential to deliver disruptive innovations, prioritization of traits should consider breeding product profiles and market segments for designing and accelerating delivery of locally adapted and preferred crop varieties for the drylands. In this context, the scope of regulatory environment has been stated, implying the dire impacts of unreasonable scrutiny of genome-edited plants on the evolution and progress of much-needed technological advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran K. Sharma
- Sustainable Agriculture Programme, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Center, New Delhi, India
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sudhakar Reddy Palakolanu
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Joorie Bhattacharya
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aishwarya R. Shankhapal
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Plant Sciences and the Bioeconomy, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), México, United Kingdom
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14
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Chandana BS, Mahto RK, Singh RK, Ford R, Vaghefi N, Gupta SK, Yadav HK, Manohar M, Kumar R. Epigenomics as Potential Tools for Enhancing Magnitude of Breeding Approaches for Developing Climate Resilient Chickpea. Front Genet 2022; 13:900253. [PMID: 35937986 PMCID: PMC9355295 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.900253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenomics has become a significant research interest at a time when rapid environmental changes are occurring. Epigenetic mechanisms mainly result from systems like DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA interference. Epigenetic mechanisms are gaining importance in classical genetics, developmental biology, molecular biology, cancer biology, epidemiology, and evolution. Epigenetic mechanisms play important role in the action and interaction of plant genes during development, and also have an impact on classical plant breeding programs, inclusive of novel variation, single plant heritability, hybrid vigor, plant-environment interactions, stress tolerance, and performance stability. The epigenetics and epigenomics may be significant for crop adaptability and pliability to ambient alterations, directing to the creation of stout climate-resilient elegant crop cultivars. In this review, we have summarized recent progress made in understanding the epigenetic mechanisms in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses and have also tried to provide the ways for the efficient utilization of epigenomic mechanisms in developing climate-resilient crop cultivars, especially in chickpea, and other legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. S. Chandana
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Rebecca Ford
- Center for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Niloofar Vaghefi
- School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Murli Manohar
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR), New Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Rajendra Kumar,
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15
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Villagómez-Aranda AL, Feregrino-Pérez AA, García-Ortega LF, González-Chavira MM, Torres-Pacheco I, Guevara-González RG. Activating stress memory: eustressors as potential tools for plant breeding. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1481-1498. [PMID: 35305133 PMCID: PMC8933762 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to stress conditions, such that they have developed sophisticated and elegant survival strategies, which are reflected in their phenotypic plasticity, priming capacity, and memory acquisition. Epigenetic mechanisms play a critical role in modulating gene expression and stress responses, allowing malleability, reversibility, stability, and heritability of favourable phenotypes to enhance plant performance. Considering the urgency to improve our agricultural system because of going impacting climate change, potential and sustainable strategies rely on the controlled use of eustressors, enhancing desired characteristics and yield and shaping stress tolerance in crops. However, for plant breeding purposes is necessary to focus on the use of eustressors capable of establishing stable epigenetic marks to generate a transgenerational memory to stimulate a priming state in plants to face the changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Villagómez-Aranda
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - A A Feregrino-Pérez
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - L F García-Ortega
- Laboratory of Learning and Research in Biological Computing, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M M González-Chavira
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, Bajío Experimental Field, National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research (INIFAP), Celaya-San Miguel de Allende, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - I Torres-Pacheco
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - R G Guevara-González
- Biosystems Engineering Group. Engineering Faculty, Amazcala Campus, Autonomous University of Querétaro, Highway Chichimequillas s/n Km 1, Amazcala, El Marques, Querétaro, Mexico.
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16
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Rasheed A, Jie Y, Nawaz M, Jie H, Ma Y, Shah AN, Hassan MU, Gillani SFA, Batool M, Aslam MT, Naseem AR, Qari SH. Improving Drought Stress Tolerance in Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea L.) Using Molecular Techniques. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:911610. [PMID: 35845651 PMCID: PMC9280341 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.911610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ramie is one of the most significant fiber crops and contributes to good quality fiber. Drought stress (DS) is one of the most devastating abiotic factors which is accountable for a substantial loss in crop growth and production and disturbing sustainable crop production. DS impairs growth, plant water relation, and nutrient uptake. Ramie has evolved a series of defense responses to cope with DS. There are numerous genes regulating the drought tolerance (DT) mechanism in ramie. The morphological and physiological mechanism of DT is well-studied; however, modified methods would be more effective. The use of novel genome editing tools like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is being used to edit the recessive genes in crops to modify their function. The transgenic approaches are used to develop several drought-tolerant varieties in ramie, and further identification of tolerant genes is needed for an effective breeding plan. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping, transcription factors (TFs) and speed breeding are highly studied techniques, and these would lead to the development of drought-resilient ramie cultivars. The use of hormones in enhancing crop growth and development under water scarcity circumstances is critical; however, using different concentrations and testing genotypes in changing environments would be helpful to sort the tolerant genotypes. Since plants use various ways to counter DS, investigating mechanisms of DT in plants will lead to improved DT in ramie. This critical review summarized the recent advancements on DT in ramie using novel molecular techniques. This information would help ramie breeders to conduct research studies and develop drought tolerant ramie cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Rasheed
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yucheng Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Hongdong Jie
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yushen Ma
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Maria Batool
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Ahmad Raza Naseem
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Sun M, Yang Z, Liu L, Duan L. DNA Methylation in Plant Responses and Adaption to Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136910. [PMID: 35805917 PMCID: PMC9266845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their sessile state, plants are inevitably affected by and respond to the external environment. So far, plants have developed multiple adaptation and regulation strategies to abiotic stresses. One such system is epigenetic regulation, among which DNA methylation is one of the earliest and most studied regulatory mechanisms, which can regulate genome functioning and induce plant resistance and adaption to abiotic stresses. In this review, we outline the most recent findings on plant DNA methylation responses to drought, high temperature, cold, salt, and heavy metal stresses. In addition, we discuss stress memory regulated by DNA methylation, both in a transient way and the long-term memory that could pass to next generations. To sum up, the present review furnishes an updated account of DNA methylation in plant responses and adaptations to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li Liu
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (L.D.)
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18
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Sadhukhan A, Prasad SS, Mitra J, Siddiqui N, Sahoo L, Kobayashi Y, Koyama H. How do plants remember drought? PLANTA 2022; 256:7. [PMID: 35687165 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants develop both short-term and transgenerational memory of drought stress through epigenetic regulation of transcription for a better response to subsequent exposure. Recurrent spells of droughts are more common than a single drought, with intermittent moist recovery intervals. While the detrimental effects of the first drought on plant structure and physiology are unavoidable, if survived, plants can memorize the first drought to present a more robust response to the following droughts. This includes a partial stomatal opening in the watered recovery interval, higher levels of osmoprotectants and ABA, and attenuation of photosynthesis in the subsequent exposure. Short-term drought memory is regulated by ABA and other phytohormone signaling with transcriptional memory behavior in various genes. High levels of methylated histones are deposited at the drought-tolerance genes. During the recovery interval, the RNA polymerase is stalled to be activated by a pause-breaking factor in the subsequent drought. Drought leads to DNA demethylation near drought-response genes, with genetic control of the process. Progenies of the drought-exposed plants can better adapt to drought owing to the inheritance of particular methylation patterns. However, a prolonged watered recovery interval leads to loss of drought memory, mediated by certain demethylases and chromatin accessibility factors. Small RNAs act as critical regulators of drought memory by altering transcript levels of drought-responsive target genes. Further studies in the future will throw more light on the genetic control of drought memory and the interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors in its inheritance. Plants from extreme environments can give queues to understanding robust memory responses at the ecosystem level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Sadhukhan
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, 342037, India.
| | - Shiva Sai Prasad
- Department of Agriculture, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - Jayeeta Mitra
- Department of Botany, Arunachal University of Studies, Arunachal Pradesh, Namsai, 792103, India
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522502, India
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, India
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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19
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Sun C, Liang W, Yan K, Xu D, Qin T, Fiaz S, Kear P, Bi Z, Liu Y, Liu Z, Zhang J, Bai J. Expression of Potato StDRO1 in Arabidopsis Alters Root Architecture and Drought Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836063. [PMID: 35665176 PMCID: PMC9161210 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is the third important crop for providing calories to a large human population, and is considered sensitive to moderately sensitive to drought stress conditions. The development of drought-tolerant, elite varieties of potato is a challenging task, which can be achieved through molecular breeding. Recently, the DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) gene has been identified in rice, which influences plant root system and regulates grain yield under drought stress conditions. The potato StDRO1 protein is mainly localized in the plasma membrane of tobacco leaf cells, and overexpression analysis of StDRO1 in Arabidopsis resulted in an increased lateral root number, but decreased lateral root angle, lateral branch angle, and silique angle. Additionally, the drought treatment analysis indicated that StDRO1 regulated drought tolerance and rescued the defective root architecture and drought-tolerant phenotypes of Atdro1, an Arabidopsis AtDRO1 null mutant. Furthermore, StDRO1 expression was significantly higher in the drought-tolerant potato cultivar "Unica" compared to the drought-sensitive cultivar "Atlantic." The transcriptional response of StDRO1 under drought stress occurred significantly earlier in Unica than in Atlantic. Collectively, the outcome of the present investigation elucidated the role of DRO1 function in the alternation of root architecture, which potentially acts as a key gene in the development of a drought stress-tolerant cultivar. Furthermore, these findings will provide the theoretical basis for molecular breeding of drought-tolerant potato cultivars for the farming community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Liang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kan Yan
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Derong Xu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyuan Qin
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Philip Kear
- International Potato Center (CIP), CIP China Center for Asia Pacific (CCCAP), Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Bi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junlian Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Bai
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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20
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Bapela T, Shimelis H, Tsilo TJ, Mathew I. Genetic Improvement of Wheat for Drought Tolerance: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1331. [PMID: 35631756 PMCID: PMC9144332 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wheat production and productivity are challenged by recurrent droughts associated with climate change globally. Drought and heat stress resilient cultivars can alleviate yield loss in marginal production agro-ecologies. The ability of some crop genotypes to thrive and yield in drought conditions is attributable to the inherent genetic variation and environmental adaptation, presenting opportunities to develop drought-tolerant varieties. Understanding the underlying genetic, physiological, biochemical, and environmental mechanisms and their interactions is key critical opportunity for drought tolerance improvement. Therefore, the objective of this review is to document the progress, challenges, and opportunities in breeding for drought tolerance in wheat. The paper outlines the following key aspects: (1) challenges associated with breeding for adaptation to drought-prone environments, (2) opportunities such as genetic variation in wheat for drought tolerance, selection methods, the interplay between above-ground phenotypic traits and root attributes in drought adaptation and drought-responsive attributes and (3) approaches, technologies and innovations in drought tolerance breeding. In the end, the paper summarises genetic gains and perspectives in drought tolerance breeding in wheat. The review will serve as baseline information for wheat breeders and agronomists to guide the development and deployment of drought-adapted and high-performing new-generation wheat varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Bapela
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; (H.S.); (I.M.)
- Agricultural Research Council—Small Grain, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa;
| | - Hussein Shimelis
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; (H.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Toi John Tsilo
- Agricultural Research Council—Small Grain, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa;
| | - Isack Mathew
- African Centre for Crop Improvement, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; (H.S.); (I.M.)
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21
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Bandurska H. Drought Stress Responses: Coping Strategy and Resistance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070922. [PMID: 35406902 PMCID: PMC9002871 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants' resistance to stress factors is a complex trait that is a result of changes at the molecular, metabolic, and physiological levels. The plant resistance strategy means the ability to survive, recover, and reproduce under adverse conditions. Harmful environmental factors affect the state of stress in plant tissues, which creates a signal triggering metabolic events responsible for resistance, including avoidance and/or tolerance mechanisms. Unfortunately, the term 'stress resistance' is often used in the literature interchangeably with 'stress tolerance'. This paper highlights the differences between the terms 'stress tolerance' and 'stress resistance', based on the results of experiments focused on plants' responses to drought. The ability to avoid or tolerate dehydration is crucial in the resistance to drought at cellular and tissue levels (biological resistance). However, it is not necessarily crucial in crop resistance to drought if we take into account agronomic criteria (agricultural resistance). For the plant user (farmer, grower), resistance to stress means not only the ability to cope with a stress factor, but also the achievement of a stable yield and good quality. Therefore, it is important to recognize both particular plant coping strategies (stress avoidance, stress tolerance) and their influence on the resistance, assessed using well-defined criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Bandurska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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22
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Stadnik B, Tobiasz-Salach R, Mazurek M. Physiological and Epigenetic Reaction of Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) to the Foliar Application of Silicon under Soil Salinity Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031149. [PMID: 35163073 PMCID: PMC8835728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is an important environmental factor affecting physiological processes in plants. It is possible to limit the negative effects of salt through the exogenous application of microelements. Silicon (Si) is widely recognized as an element improving plant resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. The aim of the research was to determine the impact of foliar application of Si on the photosynthetic apparatus, gas exchange and DNA methylation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown under salt stress. Plants grown under controlled pot experiment were exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl) in the soil at a concentration of 200 mM, and two foliar applications of Si were made at three concentrations (0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%). Measurements were made of relative chlorophyll content in leaves (CCl), gas exchange parameters (Ci, E, gs, and PN), and selected chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0, PI and RC/ABS). Additionally, DNA methylation level based on cytosine methylation within the 3′CCGG 5′ sequence was analyzed. Salinity had a negative effect on the values of the parameters examined. Exogenous application of Si by spraying leaves increased the values of the measured parameters in plants. Plants treated with NaCl in combination with the moderate (0.1%) and highest (0.2%) dose of Si indicated the lowest methylation level. Decrease of methylation implicated with activation of gene expression resulted in better physiological parameters observed in this group of barley plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Stadnik
- Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Renata Tobiasz-Salach
- Department of Crop Production, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Marzena Mazurek
- Department of Physiology and Plant Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Ćwiklińskiej 2, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
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23
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Sheoran S, Kaur Y, Kumar S, Shukla S, Rakshit S, Kumar R. Recent Advances for Drought Stress Tolerance in Maize ( Zea mays L.): Present Status and Future Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:872566. [PMID: 35707615 PMCID: PMC9189405 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.872566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress has severely hampered maize production, affecting the livelihood and economics of millions of people worldwide. In the future, as a result of climate change, unpredictable weather events will become more frequent hence the implementation of adaptive strategies will be inevitable. Through utilizing different genetic and breeding approaches, efforts are in progress to develop the drought tolerance in maize. The recent approaches of genomics-assisted breeding, transcriptomics, proteomics, transgenics, and genome editing have fast-tracked enhancement for drought stress tolerance under laboratory and field conditions. Drought stress tolerance in maize could be considerably improved by combining omics technologies with novel breeding methods and high-throughput phenotyping (HTP). This review focuses on maize responses against drought, as well as novel breeding and system biology approaches applied to better understand drought tolerance mechanisms and the development of drought-tolerant maize cultivars. Researchers must disentangle the molecular and physiological bases of drought tolerance features in order to increase maize yield. Therefore, the integrated investments in field-based HTP, system biology, and sophisticated breeding methodologies are expected to help increase and stabilize maize production in the face of climate change.
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24
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Zenda T, Liu S, Dong A, Li J, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang N, Duan H. Omics-Facilitated Crop Improvement for Climate Resilience and Superior Nutritive Value. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:774994. [PMID: 34925418 PMCID: PMC8672198 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.774994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Novel crop improvement approaches, including those that facilitate for the exploitation of crop wild relatives and underutilized species harboring the much-needed natural allelic variation are indispensable if we are to develop climate-smart crops with enhanced abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, higher nutritive value, and superior traits of agronomic importance. Top among these approaches are the "omics" technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and their integration, whose deployment has been vital in revealing several key genes, proteins and metabolic pathways underlying numerous traits of agronomic importance, and aiding marker-assisted breeding in major crop species. Here, citing several relevant examples, we appraise our understanding on the recent developments in omics technologies and how they are driving our quest to breed climate resilient crops. Large-scale genome resequencing, pan-genomes and genome-wide association studies are aiding the identification and analysis of species-level genome variations, whilst RNA-sequencing driven transcriptomics has provided unprecedented opportunities for conducting crop abiotic and biotic stress response studies. Meanwhile, single cell transcriptomics is slowly becoming an indispensable tool for decoding cell-specific stress responses, although several technical and experimental design challenges still need to be resolved. Additionally, the refinement of the conventional techniques and advent of modern, high-resolution proteomics technologies necessitated a gradual shift from the general descriptive studies of plant protein abundances to large scale analysis of protein-metabolite interactions. Especially, metabolomics is currently receiving special attention, owing to the role metabolites play as metabolic intermediates and close links to the phenotypic expression. Further, high throughput phenomics applications are driving the targeting of new research domains such as root system architecture analysis, and exploration of plant root-associated microbes for improved crop health and climate resilience. Overall, coupling these multi-omics technologies to modern plant breeding and genetic engineering methods ensures an all-encompassing approach to developing nutritionally-rich and climate-smart crops whose productivity can sustainably and sufficiently meet the current and future food, nutrition and energy demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinashe Zenda
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bindura University of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Songtao Liu
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Anyi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Huijun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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25
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DNA methylation and histone modifications induced by abiotic stressors in plants. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:279-297. [PMID: 34837631 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A review of research shows that methylation in plants is more complex and sophisticated than in microorganisms and animals. Overall, studies on the effects of abiotic stress on epigenetic modifications in plants are still scarce and limited to few species. Epigenetic regulation of plant responses to environmental stresses has not been elucidated. This study summarizes key effects of abiotic stressors on DNA methylation and histone modifications in plants. DISCUSSION Plant DNA methylation and histone modifications in responses to abiotic stressors varied and depended on the type and level of stress, plant tissues, age, and species. A critical analysis of the literature available revealed that 44% of the epigenetic modifications induced by abiotic stressors in plants involved DNA hypomethylation, 40% DNA hypermethylation, and 16% histone modification. The epigenetic changes in plants might be underestimated since most authors used methods such as methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP), High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and immunolabeling that are less sensitive compared to bisulfite sequencing and single-base resolution methylome analyses. More over, mechanisms underlying epigenetic changes in plants have not yet been determined since most reports showed only the level or/and distribution of DNA methylation and histone modifications. CONCLUSIONS Various epigenetic mechanisms are involved in response to abiotic stressors, and several of them are still unknown. Integrated analysis of the changes in the genome by omic approaches should help to identify novel components underlying mechanisms involved in DNA methylation and histone modifications associated with plant response to environmental stressors.
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26
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Hereme R, Galleguillos C, Morales-Navarro S, Molina-Montenegro MA. What if the cold days return? Epigenetic mechanisms in plants to cold tolerance. PLANTA 2021; 254:46. [PMID: 34370110 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic could be an important, but seldom assessed, mechanisms in plants inhabiting cold ecosystems. Thus, this review could help to fill a gap in the current literature. Low temperatures are one of the most critical environmental conditions that negatively affect the growth, development, and geographic distribution of plants. Exposure to low temperatures results in a suit of physiological, biochemical and molecular modifications through the reprogramming of the expression of genes and transcription factors. Scientific evidence shows that the average annual temperature has increased in recent years worldwide, with cold ecosystems (polar and high mountain) being among the most sensitive to these changes. However, scientific evidence also indicates that there would be specific events of low temperatures, due it is highly relevant to know the capacity for adaptation, regulation and epigenetic memory in the face of these events, by plants. Epigenetic regulation has been described to play an important role in the face of environmental stimuli, especially in response to abiotic stress. Several studies on epigenetic mechanisms have focused on responses to stress as drought and/or salinity; however, there is a gap in the current literature considering those related to low temperatures. In this review, we focus on systematizing the information published to date, related to the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA-dependent silencing mechanisms, in the face of plant´s stress due to low temperatures. Finally, we present a schematic model about the potential responses by plants taking in count their epigenetic memory; considering a global warming scenario and with the presence or absence of extreme specific events of low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasme Hereme
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | | | - Marco A Molina-Montenegro
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Campus Talca, Talca, Chile.
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
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