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Chekanov K, Danko D, Tlyachev T, Kiselev K, Hagens R, Georgievskaya A. State-of-the-Art in Skin Fluorescent Photography for Cosmetic and Skincare Research: From Molecular Spectra to AI Image Analysis. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1271. [PMID: 39459571 PMCID: PMC11509763 DOI: 10.3390/life14101271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autofluorescence is a remarkable property of human skin. It can be excited by UV and observed in the dark using special detection systems. The method of fluorescence photography (FP) is an effective non-invasive tool for skin assessment. It involves image capturing by a camera the emission of light quanta from fluorophore molecules in the skin. It serves as a useful tool for cosmetic and skincare research, especially for the detection of pathological skin states, like acne, psoriasis, etc. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no comprehensive review that fully describes the application and physical principles of FP over the past five years. The current review covers various aspects of the skin FP method from its biophysical basis and the main fluorescent molecules of the skin to its potential applications and the principles of FP recording and analysis. We pay particular attention to recently reported works on the automatic analysis of FP based on artificial intelligence (AI). Thus, we argue that FP is a rapidly evolving technology with a wide range of potential applications. We propose potential directions of the development of this method, including new AI algorithms for the analysis and expanding the range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chekanov
- Haut.AI OÜ, Telliskivi 60a/8, 10412 Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia; (D.D.); (T.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Daniil Danko
- Haut.AI OÜ, Telliskivi 60a/8, 10412 Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia; (D.D.); (T.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Timur Tlyachev
- Haut.AI OÜ, Telliskivi 60a/8, 10412 Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia; (D.D.); (T.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Konstantin Kiselev
- Haut.AI OÜ, Telliskivi 60a/8, 10412 Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia; (D.D.); (T.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Ralf Hagens
- Beiersdorf AG, Beiersdorfstraße 1-9, 22529 Hamburg, Germany;
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Navarro NP, Huovinen P, Jofre J, Gómez I. Temperature Dependence and the Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Ultrastructure and Photosynthetic Activity of Carpospores in Sub-Antarctic Red Alga Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory 1826. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2547. [PMID: 39339522 PMCID: PMC11435075 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
The short-term effects of UV radiation and low temperature on ultrastructure, photosynthetic activity (measured as the maximal photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II: Fv/Fm), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) contents, and UV-absorbing compounds on the carpospores of Iridaea cordata from a sub-Antarctic population were investigated. Exposure to both photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and PAR + UV for 4 h caused ultrastructural modifications in all treatments. Under PAR + UV at 2 °C, a disruption of the chloroplast's internal organization was observed. Plastoglobuli were often found in carpospores exposed to 2 °C. 'Electron dense particles', resembling physodes of brown algae, were detected for the first time in cells exposed to PAR and PAR + UV at 8 °C. Fv/Fm decreased following 4 h exposure at 2 °C under PAR + UV (64%) and PAR (25%). At 8 °C, Fv/Fm declined by 21% only under PAR + UV. The photosynthesis of carpospores previously treated with UV partially recovered after a 4 h exposure under dim light. UV-absorbing compounds were degraded in all radiation and temperature treatments without recovery after a 4 h dim light period. Chl-a did not change, whereas total carotenoids increased under PAR at 8 °C The study indicates that although carpospores of I. cordata exhibit photoprotective mechanisms, UV radiation strongly damages their ultrastructure and physiology, which were exacerbated under low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelso P. Navarro
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Biotechnology of Algae (LEBA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile;
- Network for Extreme Environments Research—NEXER, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile
- FONDAP Research Center Dynamic of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (IDEAL), Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.H.); (I.G.)
| | - Pirjo Huovinen
- FONDAP Research Center Dynamic of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (IDEAL), Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.H.); (I.G.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Jofre
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Biotechnology of Algae (LEBA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile;
| | - Iván Gómez
- FONDAP Research Center Dynamic of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (IDEAL), Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (P.H.); (I.G.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
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3
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Mussagy CU, Farias FO, Tropea A, Santi L, Mondello L, Giuffrida D, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Dufossé L. Ketocarotenoids adonirubin and adonixanthin: Properties, health benefits, current technologies, and emerging challenges. Food Chem 2024; 443:138610. [PMID: 38301562 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Given their multifaceted roles, carotenoids have garnered significant scientific interest, resulting in a comprehensive and intricate body of literature that occasionally presents conflicting findings concerning the proper characterization, quantification, and bioavailability of these compounds. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that the pursuit of novel carotenoids remains a crucial endeavor, as their diverse properties, functionalities and potential health benefits make them invaluable natural resources in agri-food and health promotion through the diet. In this framework, particular attention is given to ketocarotenoids, viz., astaxanthin (one of them) stands out for its possible multifunctional role as an antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial agent. It has been widely explored in the market and utilized in different applications such as nutraceuticals, food additives, among others. Adonirubin and adonixanthin can be naturally found in plants and microorganisms. Due to the increasing significance of natural-based products and the remarkable opportunity to introduce these ketocarotenoids to the market, this review aims to provide an expert overview of the pros and cons associated with adonirubin and adonixanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U Mussagy
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile.
| | - Fabiane O Farias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Center, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | - Alessia Tropea
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Santi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Messina Institute of technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, CHEMBIOPRO, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, CEDEX 9, F-97744 Saint-Denis, France
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Orfanoudaki M, Alilou M, Hartmann A, Mayr J, Karsten U, Nguyen-Ngoc H, Ganzera M. Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Novel Mycosporine-like Amino Acids from the Two Intertidal Red Macroalgae Bostrychia scorpioides and Catenella caespitosa. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:543. [PMID: 37888478 PMCID: PMC10608480 DOI: 10.3390/md21100543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a phytochemical survey of two common intertidal red algal species, Bostrychia scorpioides and Catenella caespitosa, regarding their MAA (mycosporine-like amino acid) composition, which are known as biogenic sunscreen compounds. Six novel MAAs from Bostrychia scorpioides named bostrychines and two novel MAAs from Catenella caespitosa named catenellines were isolated using a protocol which included silica gel column chromatography, flash chromatography on reversed phase material and semipreparative HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). The structure of the novel MAAs was elucidated using NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and HR-MS (High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry), and their absolute configuration was confirmed by ECD (Electronic Circular Dichroism). All isolated MAAs possess a cyclohexenimine scaffold, and the metabolites from B. scorpioides are related to the known MAAs bostrychines A-F, which contain glutamine, glutamic acid and/or threonine in their side chains. The new MAAs from C. caespitosa contain taurine, an amino sulfonic acid that is also present in another MAA isolated from this species, namely, catenelline. Previous and new data confirm that intertidal red algae are chemically rich in MAAs, which explains their high tolerance against biologically harmful ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Orfanoudaki
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
| | - Mostafa Alilou
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
| | - Anja Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
| | - Julia Mayr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology & Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Hieu Nguyen-Ngoc
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
- A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
| | - Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.O.); (M.A.); (A.H.); (J.M.); (H.N.-N.)
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Kusmita L, Nur Prasetyo Edi A, Dwi Franyoto Y, Haryanti S, Dwi Retno Nurcahyanti A. Sun protection and antibacterial activities of carotenoids from the soft coral Sinularia sp. symbiotic bacteria from Panjang Island, North Java Sea. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101680. [PMID: 37448846 PMCID: PMC10336683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have shown beneficial applications in cosmetology, pharmacology, and medicine. However, environmental stress in the marine environment can trigger the production of unique secondary metabolites, such as carotenoids. These compounds can also be sustainably produced by symbiotic bacteria. We hypothesized that the soft corals in tropical regions may produce diverse biological secondary metabolites, including carotenoids, both by the host organism and their bacterial symbiont. The unique carotenoids may provide promising biological activity such as antioxidant, UV photoprotector, and antibacterial activities. To this end, we isolated and characterized the carotenoids isolated from the bacterial symbiont of Sinularia sp., a soft coral from Panjang Island, North Java Sea, strain 19. PP.Sc.13. Bacterial identification was performed using DNA barcoding of the 16S rRNA region. Identification of carotenoids was carried out using a spectrophotometer, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and attenuated total reflection fourier-transformed infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity was estimated using the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, while the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and % transmission of erythema and pigmentation were determined based on colorimetric methods. The antibacterial activity assay was carried out using the agar diffusion method against two multidrug-resistant bacteria. The bacterial symbiont was identified as Virgibacillus sp. and the carotenoids isolated from this symbiont exhibited significant antioxidant activity and extra sun protection effect, thus categorized as UVA sunblock. Furthermore, the isolated carotenoids exhibited antibacterial activities against Methicillin Resistant-Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli. This study provides evidence of the carotenoids produced by the soft coral bacterial symbiont Virgibacillus sp., which may be used as an antioxidant, sun protection, and antibacterial agent. Further investigation of the de novo biological production of carotenoids by Virgibacillus sp. is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Kusmita
- STIFAR Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang Letjend Sarwo Edhie Wibowo Km 1, Semarang, Indonesia
| | | | - Yuvianti Dwi Franyoto
- STIFAR Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang Letjend Sarwo Edhie Wibowo Km 1, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Sri Haryanti
- STIFAR Yayasan Pharmasi Semarang Letjend Sarwo Edhie Wibowo Km 1, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Agustina Dwi Retno Nurcahyanti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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6
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McCourt RM, Lewis LA, Strother PK, Delwiche CF, Wickett NJ, de Vries J, Bowman JL. Green land: Multiple perspectives on green algal evolution and the earliest land plants. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16175. [PMID: 37247371 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Green plants, broadly defined as green algae and the land plants (together, Viridiplantae), constitute the primary eukaryotic lineage that successfully colonized Earth's emergent landscape. Members of various clades of green plants have independently made the transition from fully aquatic to subaerial habitats many times throughout Earth's history. The transition, from unicells or simple filaments to complex multicellular plant bodies with functionally differentiated tissues and organs, was accompanied by innovations built upon a genetic and phenotypic toolkit that have served aquatic green phototrophs successfully for at least a billion years. These innovations opened an enormous array of new, drier places to live on the planet and resulted in a huge diversity of land plants that have dominated terrestrial ecosystems over the past 500 million years. This review examines the greening of the land from several perspectives, from paleontology to phylogenomics, to water stress responses and the genetic toolkit shared by green algae and plants, to the genomic evolution of the sporophyte generation. We summarize advances on disparate fronts in elucidating this important event in the evolution of the biosphere and the lacunae in our understanding of it. We present the process not as a step-by-step advancement from primitive green cells to an inevitable success of embryophytes, but rather as a process of adaptations and exaptations that allowed multiple clades of green plants, with various combinations of morphological and physiological terrestrialized traits, to become diverse and successful inhabitants of the land habitats of Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M McCourt
- Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19118, USA
| | - Louise A Lewis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Paul K Strother
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College Weston Observatory, 381 Concord Road, Weston, MA, 02493, USA
| | - Charles F Delwiche
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Norman J Wickett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Jan de Vries
- Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Department of Applied Bioinformatics, University of Göttingen Goldschmidtstr. 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Thepsuthammarat K, Reungsang A, Plangklang P. Microalga Coelastrella sp. Cultivation on Unhydrolyzed Molasses-Based Medium towards the Optimization of Conditions for Growth and Biomass Production under Mixotrophic Cultivation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083603. [PMID: 37110836 PMCID: PMC10145047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving biomass production with the utilization of low-cost substrate is a crucial approach to overcome the hindrance of high cost in developing large-scale microalgae production. The microalga Coelastrella sp. KKU-P1 was mixotrophically cultivated using unhydrolyzed molasses as a carbon source, with the key environmental conditions being varied in order to maximize biomass production. The batch cultivation in flasks achieved the highest biomass production of 3.81 g/L, under an initial pH 5.0, a substrate to inoculum ratio of 100:3, an initial total sugar concentration of 10 g/L, and a sodium nitrate concentration of 1.5 g/L with continuous light illumination at 23.7 W/m2. The photobioreactor cultivation results indicated that CO2 supplementation did not improve biomass production. An ambient concentration of CO2 was sufficient to promote the mixotrophic growth of the microalga as indicated by the highest biomass production of 4.28 g/L with 33.91% protein, 46.71% carbohydrate, and 15.10% lipid. The results of the biochemical composition analysis suggest that the microalgal biomass obtained is promising as a source of essential amino acids and pigments as well as saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. This research highlights the potential for bioresource production via microalgal mixotrophic cultivation using untreated molasses as a low-cost raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamolwan Thepsuthammarat
- Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Alissara Reungsang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Pensri Plangklang
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research Group for Development of Microbial Hydrogen Production Process from Biomass, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Iida H, Aburai N, Fujii K. Microalga-bacteria Community with High Level Carbon Dioxide Acclimation and Nitrogen-fixing Ability. Protist 2023; 174:125957. [PMID: 37105051 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2023.125957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal conversion of high-level CO2 in industrial flue gas to value-added products is attractive technology for mitigating global warming. However, reduction of microalgal production costs for medium ingredients, particularly nitrogen salts, is essential. The use of atmospheric nitrogen as a nitrogen source for microalgal cultivation will dramatically reduce its production costs. We attempted to enrich a microalga-bacteria community, which fixes both CO2 and atmospheric nitrogen under high level CO2. By cultivating biofilm recovered from the surface of cobbles in a riverbank, a microalgal flora which grows in a nitrogen salts-free medium under 10% CO2 was enriched, and the coccoid microalgal strain MP5 was isolated from it. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain MP5 belongs to the genus Coelastrella, and the closest known species was C. terrestris. With PCR-DGGE analysis, it was found that the enriched microalgal community includes bacteria, some of which are suggested diazotrophs. The addition of bactericides in culture medium inhibited MP5 growth, even though the strain MP5 is eukaryotic. Growth of bacteria-free MP5 was stimulated by addition of Agrobacterium sp. isolates in nitrogen salts-free medium, suggesting that MP5 and the bacteria have responsibility for photosynthetic carbon fixation and nitrogen fixation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Iida
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji city, Tokyo 1920015, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Aburai
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji city, Tokyo 1920015, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Fujii
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano-cho, Hachioji city, Tokyo 1920015, Japan.
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9
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Chekanov K. Diversity and Distribution of Carotenogenic Algae in Europe: A Review. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:108. [PMID: 36827149 PMCID: PMC9958874 DOI: 10.3390/md21020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are the richest source of natural carotenoids, which are valuable pigments with a high share of benefits. Often, carotenoid-producing algae inhabit specific biotopes with unfavorable or even extremal conditions. Such biotopes, including alpine snow fields and hypersaline ponds, are widely distributed in Europe. They can serve as a source of new strains for biotechnology. The number of algal species used for obtaining these compounds on an industrial scale is limited. The data on them are poor. Moreover, some of them have been reported in non-English local scientific articles and theses. This review aims to summarize existing data on microalgal species, which are known as potential carotenoid producers in biotechnology. These include Haematococcus and Dunaliella, both well-known to the scientific community, as well as less-elucidated representatives. Their distribution will be covered throughout Europe: from the Greek Mediterranean coast in the south to the snow valleys in Norway in the north, and from the ponds in Amieiro (Portugal) in the west to the saline lakes and mountains in Crimea (Ukraine) in the east. A wide spectrum of algal secondary carotenoids is reviewed: β-carotene, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, echinenone, adonixanthin, and adonirubin. For convenience, the main concepts of biology of carotenoid-producing algae are briefly explained.
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Santiesteban-Romero B, Martínez-Ruiz M, Sosa-Hernández JE, Parra-Saldívar R, Iqbal HMN. Microalgae Photo-Protectants and Related Bio-Carriers Loaded with Bioactive Entities for Skin Applications-An Insight of Microalgae Biotechnology. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:487. [PMID: 36005491 PMCID: PMC9409820 DOI: 10.3390/md20080487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms known for producing valuable metabolites under different conditions such as extreme temperatures, high salinity, osmotic pressure, and ultraviolet radiation. In recent years, these metabolites have become a trend due to their versatility in applications such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and others. They have even been proposed as an alternative source of bioactive metabolites to avoid the harmful effects on the environment produced by active compounds such as oxybenzone in commercials sunscreens. One of the most studied applications is the use of microalgae for skin care and topical use as cosmeceuticals. With the increasing demand for more environmentally friendly products in cosmetics, microalgae have been further explored in relation to this application. It has been shown that some microalgae are resistant to UV rays due to certain compounds such as mycosporine-like amino acids, sporopollenin, scytonemin, and others. These compounds have different mechanisms of action to mitigate UV damage induced. Still, they all have been proven to confer UV tolerance to microalgae with an absorbance spectrum like the one in conventional sunscreens. This review focuses on the use of these microalgae compounds obtained by UV stimulation and takes advantage of their natural UV-resistant characteristics to potentially apply them as an alternative for UV protection products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Santiesteban-Romero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
| | - Manuel Martínez-Ruiz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (B.S.-R.); (M.M.-R.); (J.E.S.-H.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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Chekanov K, Shibzukhova K, Lobakova E, Solovchenko A. Differential Responses to UV-A Stress Recorded in Carotenogenic Microalgae Haematococcus rubicundus, Bracteacoccus aggregatus, and Deasonia sp. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111431. [PMID: 35684204 PMCID: PMC9183108 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
UV-A is the main ultraviolet component of natural (solar) radiation. Despite it, its effect on phototrophs is studied less than UV-B. Effects of UV-A on photosynthetic apparatus of three carotenoid-producing microalgae were elucidated. Photosynthetic activity was studied using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. Cell extracts were evaluated by absorbance spectroscopy. On the one hand, there were some common features of three strains. In all cases the changes involved PSII primary photochemistry and antennae size. All strains accumulated UV-absorbing polar compounds. On the other hand, some responses were different. Upregulation of non-photochemical quenching was observed only in B. aggregatus BM5/15, whereas in other cases its level was low. H. rubicundus BM7/13 and Deasonia sp. NAMSU 934/2 accumulated secondary carotenoids, whereas B. aggregatus BM5/15 accumulated primary ones. Microscopic features of the cultures were also different. H. rubicundus BM7/13 and Deasonia sp. NAMSU 934/2 were represented mostly by solitaire cells or small cell clusters, lacking their green color; the cells of B. aggregatus BM5/15 formed aggregates from green cells. Cell aggregation could be considered as an additional UV-protecting mechanism. Finally, the strains differed by their viability. B. aggregatus BM5/15 was most resistant to UV-A, whereas massive cell death was observed in two other cultures.
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Coelastrella terrestris for Adonixanthin Production: Physiological Characterization and Evaluation of Secondary Carotenoid Productivity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030175. [PMID: 35323473 PMCID: PMC8954916 DOI: 10.3390/md20030175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel strain of Coelastrella terrestris (Chlorophyta) was collected from red mucilage in a glacier foreland in Iceland. Its morphology showed characteristic single, ellipsoidal cells with apical wart-like wall thickenings. Physiological characterization revealed the presence of the rare keto-carotenoid adonixanthin, as well as high levels of unsaturated fatty acids of up to 85%. Initial screening experiments with different carbon sources for accelerated mixotrophic biomass growth were done. Consequently, a scale up to 1.25 L stirred photobioreactor cultivations yielded a maximum of 1.96 mg·L−1 adonixanthin in free and esterified forms. It could be shown that supplementing acetate to the medium increased the volumetric productivity after entering the nitrogen limitation phase compared to autotrophic control cultures. This study describes a promising way of biotechnological adonixanthin production using Coelastrella terrestris.
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A Fast-Growing Oleaginous Strain of Coelastrella Capable of Astaxanthin and Canthaxanthin Accumulation in Phototrophy and Heterotrophy. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030334. [PMID: 35330084 PMCID: PMC8955800 DOI: 10.3390/life12030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the importance of microalgae as a promising feedstock for the production of both low- and high-value products, such as lipids and pigments, it is desirable to isolate strains which simultaneously accumulate these two types of products and grow in various conditions in order to widen their biotechnological applicability. A novel freshwater strain from the genus Coelastrella was isolated in Belgium. Compared to other Coelastrella species, the isolate presented rapid growth in phototrophy, dividing 3.5 times per day at a light intensity of 400 µmol·m−2·s−1 and 5% CO2. In addition, nitrogen depletion was associated with the accumulation of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and fatty acids, which reached ~30% of dry weight, and a majority of SFAs and MUFAs, which are good precursors for biodiesel. This strain also accumulated astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in heterotrophy. Although the content was very low in this latter condition, it is an interesting feature considering the biotechnological potential of the microalgal heterotrophic growth. Thus, due to its rapid growth in the light, its carotenogenesis, and its fatty acids characteristics, the newly identified Coelastrella strain could be considered as a potential candidate for biorefinery purposes of both low- and high-values products.
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