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Rostami M, Shahbazi S, Soleimani R, Ghorbani A. Optimizing sustainable control of Meloidogyne javanica in tomato plants through gamma radiation-induced mutants of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus velezensis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17774. [PMID: 39090171 PMCID: PMC11294331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the efficacy of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp., as well as their gamma radiation-induced mutants, as potential biological control agents against Meloidogyne javanica (Mj) in tomato plants. The research encompasses in vitro assays, greenhouse trials, and molecular identification methodologies to comprehensively evaluate the biocontrol potential of these agents. In vitro assessments reveal significant nematicidal activity, with Bacillus spp. demonstrating notable effectiveness in inhibiting nematode egg hatching (16-45%) and inducing second-stage juvenile (J2) mortality (30-46%). Greenhouse trials further confirm the efficacy of mutant isolates, particularly when combined with chitosan, in reducing nematode-induced damage to tomato plants. The combination of mutant isolates with chitosan reduces the reproduction factor (RF) of root-knot nematodes by 94%. By optimizing soil infection conditions with nematodes and modifying the application of the effective compound, the RF of nematodes decreases by 65-76%. Molecular identification identifies B. velezensis and T. harzianum as promising candidates, exhibiting significant nematicidal activity. Overall, the study underscores the potential of combined biocontrol approaches for nematode management in agricultural settings. However, further research is essential to evaluate practical applications and long-term efficacy. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable alternatives to chemical nematicides, with potential implications for agricultural practices and crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rostami
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran
| | - Samira Shahbazi
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran.
| | - Reihaneh Soleimani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, 81595-158, Iran
| | - Abozar Ghorbani
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Karaj, Iran
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Zheng F, Fu Y, Yu P, Qin C, Guo T, Xu H, Chen J, Ahammed GJ, Liu A, Chen S. Flavonoid synthesis is crucial for Trichoderma asperellum-induced systemic resistance to root-knot nematodes in tomato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108706. [PMID: 38776824 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. can enhance plant resistance against a wide range of biotic stressors. However, the fundamental mechanisms by which Trichoderma enhances plant resistance against Meloidogyne incognita, known as root-knot nematodes (RKNs), are still unclear. Here, we identified a strain of Trichoderma asperellum (T141) that could effectively suppress RKN infestation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Nematode infestation led to an increase in the concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in roots but pre-inoculation with T141 significantly decreased oxidative stress. The reduction in ROS and MDA was accompanied by an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of flavonoids and phenols. Moreover, split root test-based analysis showed that T141 inoculation in local roots before RKN inoculation increased the concentration of phytohormone jasmonate (JA) and the transcripts of JA synthesis and signaling-related genes in distant roots. UPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomics analysis identified 1051 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) across 4 pairwise comparisons in root division test, including 81 flavonoids. Notably, 180 DAMs were found in comparison between RKN and T141-RKN, whereas KEGG annotation and enrichment analysis showed that the secondary metabolic pathways, especially the flavonoid biosynthesis, played a key role in the T141-induced systemic resistance to RKNs. The role of up-regulated flavonoids in RKN mortality was further verified by in vitro experiments with the exogenous treatment of kaempferol, hesperidin and rutin on J2-stage RKNs. Our results revealed a critical mechanism by which T141 induced resistance of tomato plants against the RKNs by systemically promoting secondary metabolism in distant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangying Zheng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Yalun Fu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Congrui Qin
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Tianmeng Guo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Huihang Xu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Jingying Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang, 471023, PR China.
| | - Airong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China.
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang, 471023, PR China.
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Zhang Z, Zhai C, Li Y, Stephenson SL, Liu P. Slime molds (Myxomycetes) causing a "disease" in crop plants and cultivated mushrooms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1411231. [PMID: 38916031 PMCID: PMC11194395 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1411231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds) are eukaryotic protist predators that are associated with wood, leaf litter, and soil in forests, where they feed on bacteria, protozoans, and (to a more limited extent) fungi. The health of crop plants is essential because they represent a primary food source for humans. However, when myxomycetes produce numerous fruiting bodies on the stems and leaves of crop plants, which is herein referred to as a myxomycete colonization, this has the potential of interfering with plant photosynthesis, transpiration and respiration by blocking out light and covering stomata. Myxomycetes are not pathogens, but their occurrence on plants can be mistakenly interpreted as some type of infection. However, this phenomenon has been largely ignored. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the taxonomic and economic diversity of the organisms involved in myxomycete colonization. In addition, the various types of myxomycete colonization reported in the literature are described and discussed, a number of images provided, and cultural and chemical prevention and control measures are summarized. The latter should be of significant relevance for local production of crops and plant protective stations. While myxomycetes are not pathogens of crop plants, some species can seriously impact commercially grown mushrooms. Reports of myxomycetes affecting mushrooms are also described in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Zhai
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Steven L. Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Pu Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Bhat AA, Shakeel A, Bhat AH, Alajmi MF, Khan AA, Kumar M. Exploiting fly ash as an ecofriendly pesticide/nematicide on Abesmoschus esculuntus: Insights into soil amendment-induced antioxidant fight against nematode mediated ROS. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142143. [PMID: 38685319 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Conventional pest control measures, such as chemical pesticides and nematicides, have limited efficacy and raise environmental concerns, necessitating sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives for pest management. Therefore, to find a complementary eco-friendly pesticide/nematicide, this study investigated the role of fly ash (FA) in managing a notorious pest, Meloidogyne javanica and its impact on the growth and physiology of Abelmoschus esculentus. Molecular characterization using SSU and LSU rDNA gene markers confirmed the identity of Indian M. javanica as belonging to the same species. Biotic stress induced by nematode infection was significantly alleviated (P < 0.05) by FA application at a 20% w/v, regulating of ROS accumulation (44.1% reduction in superoxide anions and 39.7% reduction in hydrogen peroxide content) in the host plant. Moreover, FA enhanced antioxidant defence enzymes like superoxide dismutase (46.6%) and catalase (112%) to combat nematode induced ROS. Furthermore, the application of FA at a 20% concentration significantly improved the biomass and biochemical attributes of okra. Fly ash also upregulated the activity of the important osmo-protectant proline (11.5 μmol/g FW) to mitigate nematode stress in host cells. Suppression of disease indices like gall index and reproduction factor, combined with in-vitro experiments, revealed that FA exhibits strong nematode mortality capacity and thus can be used as a sustainable and eco-friendly control agent against root-knot nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Ameen Bhat
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Adnan Shakeel
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Ahmed Khan
- Section of Environmental Botany and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India.
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Rouhollahi AA, Giyahchi M, Dastgheib SMM, Moghimi H. Assessing the efficiency and microbial diversity of H 2S-removing biotrickling filters at various pH conditions. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:157. [PMID: 38807121 PMCID: PMC11134876 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02427-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the operation of three parallel biotrickling filters (BTFs) in removing H2S at different pH conditions (haloalkaliphilic, neutrophilic, and acidophilic) and their associated microbial population in the biodesulfurization process. BTF columns were inoculated with enriched inoculum and experiments were performed by gradually reducing Empty Bed Retention Time (EBRT) and increasing inlet concentration in which the maximum removal efficiency and maximum elimination capacity in EBRT 60 s reached their maximum level in haloalkaline condition (91% and 179.5 g S-H2S m-3 h-1). For visualizing the attached microbial biofilms on pall rings, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used and microbial community structure analysis by NGS showed that the most abundant phyla in haBTF, nBTF, and aBTF belong to Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Acidithiobacillia, respectively. Shannon and Simpson indexes evaluation showed a lower diversity of bacteria in the aBTF reactor than that of nBTF and haBTF and beta analysis indicated a different composition of bacteria in haBTF compared to the other two filters. These results indicated that the proper performance of BTF under haloalkaliphilic conditions is the most effective way for H2S removal from air pollutants of different industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Abbas Rouhollahi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Giyahchi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Moghimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Afridi MS, Schulman P, Lacerda VNC, Guimaraes RA, Vasconcelos de Medeiros FH. Long-term benefit contribution of chemical and biological nematicide in coffee nematode management in soil microbial diversity and crop yield perspectives. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127638. [PMID: 38422858 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The plant-parasitic root-knot nematode Meloidogyne exigua causes significant damage and is an important threat in Coffea arabica plantations. The utilization of plant-beneficial microbes as biological control agents against sedentary endoparasitic nematodes has been a longstanding strategy. However, their application in field conditions to control root-knot nematodes and their interaction with the rhizospheric microbiota of coffee plants remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biological control agent-based bioproducts and a chemical nematicide, used in various combinations, on the control of root-knot nematodes and the profiling of the coffee plant rhizomicrobiome in a field trial. The commercially available biological products, including Trichoderma asperellum URM 5911 (Quality), Bacillus subtilis UFPEDA 764 (Rizos), Bacillus methylotrophicus UFPEDA 20 (Onix), and nematicide Cadusafos (Rugby), were applied to adult coffee plants. The population of second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs, as well as plant yield, were evaluated over three consecutive years. However, no significant differences were observed between the control group and the groups treated with bioproducts and the nematicide. Furthermore, the diversity and community composition of bacteria, fungi, and eukaryotes in the rhizosphere soil of bioproduct-treated plants were evaluated. The dominant phyla identified in the 16 S, ITS2, and 18 S communities included Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Cercozoa in both consecutive years. There were no significant differences detected in the Shannon diversity of 16 S, ITS2, and 18 S communities between the years of data. The application of a combination of T. asperellum, B. subtilis, and B. methylotrophicus, as well as the use of Cadusafos alone and in combination with T. asperellum, B. subtilis, and B. methylotrophicus, resulted in a significant reduction (26.08%, 39.13%, and 21.73%, respectively) in the relative abundance of Fusarium spp. Moreover, the relative abundance of Trichoderma spp. significantly increased by 500%, 200%, and 100% at the genus level, respectively, compared to the control treatment. By constructing a co-occurrence network, we discovered a complex network structure among the species in all the bioproduct-treated groups. However, our findings indicate that the introduction of exogenous beneficial microbes into field conditions was unable to modulate the existing microbiota significantly. These findings suggest that the applied bioproducts had no significant impact on the reshaping of the overall microbial diversity in the rhizosphere microbiome but rather recruited selected microrganisms and assured net return to the grower. The results underscore the intricate nature of the rhizosphere microbiome and suggest the necessity for alternate biocontrol strategies and a re-evaluation of agricultural practices to improve nematode control by aligning with the complex ecological interactions in the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Siddique Afridi
- Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Pablo Schulman
- Embrapa Rice and Beans, Rodovia GO-462, PO Box 179, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO 75375-000, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Araújo Guimaraes
- Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras, PO Box 3037, Lavras, MG 37200-900, Brazil
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Xue Y, Li W, Li M, Ru N, Chen S, Jiu M, Feng H, Wei L, Daly P, Zhou D. Biological Control of a Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita Infection of Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) by the Oomycete Biocontrol Agent Pythium oligandrum. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:265. [PMID: 38667936 PMCID: PMC11051105 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The biocontrol agent Pythium oligandrum, which is a member of the phylum Oomycota, can control diseases caused by a taxonomically wide range of plant pathogens, including fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes. However, whether P. oligandrum could control diseases caused by plant root-knot nematodes (RKNs) was unknown. We investigated a recently isolated P. oligandrum strain GAQ1, and the P. oligandrum strain CBS530.74, for the control of an RKN Meloidogyne incognita infection of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Initially, P. oligandrum culture filtrates were found to be lethal to M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2s) with up to 84% mortality 24 h after treatment compared to 14% in the control group. Consistent with the lethality to M. incognita J2s, tomato roots treated with P. oligandrum culture filtrates reduced their attraction of nematodes, and the number of nematodes penetrating the roots was reduced by up to 78%. In a greenhouse pot trial, the P. oligandrum GAQ1 inoculation of tomato plants significantly reduced the gall number by 58% in plants infected with M. incognita. Notably, the P. oligandrum GAQ1 mycelial treatment significantly increased tomato plant height (by 36%), weight (by 27%), and root weight (by 48%). A transcriptome analysis of tomato seedling roots inoculated with the P. oligandrum GAQ1 strain identified ~2500 differentially expressed genes. The enriched GO terms and annotations in the up-regulated genes suggested a modulation of the plant hormone-signaling and defense-related pathways in response to P. oligandrum. In conclusion, our results support that P. oligandrum GAQ1 can serve as a potential biocontrol agent for M. incognita control in tomato. Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to the biocontrol effect, including the direct inhibition of M. incognita, the potential priming of tomato plant defenses, and plant growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Xue
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.X.); (W.L.)
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Weishan Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.X.); (W.L.)
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Mengnan Li
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
- College of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 471023, China
| | - Ningchen Ru
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Siqiao Chen
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
- Fungal Genomics Laboratory (FungiG), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Jiu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (Y.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Lihui Wei
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Paul Daly
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province—State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.L.); (N.R.); (S.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.)
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Mogollón-Ortiz ÁM, Monteiro TSA, de Freitas LG, de Queiroz MV. Potential of different species of actinobacteria in the management of Meloidogyne javanica. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:160. [PMID: 38483595 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03874-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are one of the most harmful soil-borne plant pathogens in the world. Actinobacteria are known phytopathogen control agents. The aim of this study was to select soil actinobacteria with control potential against the RKN (Meloidogyne javanica) in tomato plants and to determine mechanisms of action. Ten isolates were tested and a significant reduction was observed in the number of M. javanica eggs, and galls 46 days after infestation with the nematode. The results could be explained by the combination of different mechanisms including parasitism and induction of plant defense response. The M. javanica eggs were parasited by all isolates tested. Some isolates reduced the penetration of juveniles into the roots. Other isolates using the split-root method were able to induce systemic defenses in tomato plants. The 4L isolate was selected for analysis of the expression of the plant defense genes TomLoxA, ACCO, PR1, and RBOH1. In plants treated with 4L isolate and M. javanica, there was a significant increase in the number of TomLoxA and ACCO gene transcripts. In plants treated only with M. javanica, only the expression of the RBOH1 and PR1 genes was induced in the first hours after infection. The isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Streptomyces sp. (1A, 3F, 4L, 6O, 8S, 9T, and 10U), Kribbella sp. (5N), Kitasatospora sp. (2AE), and Lentzea sp. (7P). The efficacy of isolates from the Kitasatospora, Kribbella, and Lentzea genera was reported for the first time, and the efficacy of Streptomyces genus isolates for controlling M. javanica was confirmed. All the isolates tested in this study were efficient against RKN. This study provides the opportunity to investigate bacterial genera that have not yet been explored in the control of M. javanica in tomatoes and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela María Mogollón-Ortiz
- Departamento de Microbiologia-Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
| | | | | | - Marisa Vieira de Queiroz
- Departamento de Microbiologia-Bioagro, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
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Afzal A, Mukhtar T. Revolutionizing nematode management to achieve global food security goals - An overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25325. [PMID: 38356601 PMCID: PMC10865254 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nematodes are soil-dwelling organisms that inflict substantial damage to crops, resulting in significant declines in agricultural productivity. Consequently, they are recognized as one of the primary contributors to global crop damage, with profound implications for food security. Nematology research assumes a pivotal role in tackling this issue and safeguarding food security. The pursuit of nematology research focused on mitigating nematode-induced crop damage and promoting sustainable agriculture represents a fundamental strategy for enhancing food security. Investment in nematology research is crucial to advance food security objectives by identifying and managing nematode species, developing novel technologies, comprehending nematode ecology, and strengthening the capabilities of researchers and farmers. This endeavor constitutes an indispensable step toward addressing one of the most pressing challenges in achieving global food security and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Primarily, research endeavors facilitate the identification of nematode species responsible for crop damage, leading to the development of effective management strategies. These strategies encompass the utilization of resistant crop varieties, implementation of cultural practices, biological control, and chemical interventions. Secondly, research efforts contribute to the development of innovative technologies aimed at managing nematode populations, such as gene editing techniques that confer resistance to nematode infestations in crops. Additionally, the exploration of beneficial microbes, such as certain fungi and bacteria, as potential biocontrol agents against nematodes, holds promise. The study of nematode ecology represents a foundational research domain that fosters a deeper comprehension of nematode biology and ecological interactions. This knowledge is instrumental in devising precise and efficacious management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Afzal
- Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal, Pakistan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mukhtar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Liu H, Sun L, Zhang J, Wang Y, Lu H. Siderophore-synthesizing NRPS reprogram lipid metabolic profiles for phenotype and function changes of Arthrobotrys oligospora. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:46. [PMID: 38114752 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to explore the function of the AOL-s00215g415 (Aog415) gene, which encodes for the synthesis of siderophore in the nematode trapping fungal model strain A. oligospora, in order to understand the relationship between siderophore biosynthesis and nematode trapping activity. After a through sequence analysis, it was determined that Aog415 is a siderophore-synthesizing NRPS. The product of this gene was then identified to be the hydroxamate siderophore desferriferrichrome, using mass spectrometry analysis. When compared to the WT strains, the Aog415 knockout strain exhibited a 60% decrease in siderophore content in fermentation broth. Additionally, the number of predatory rings of decreased by 23.21%, while the spore yield increased by 37.34%. The deletion of Aog415 did not affect the growth of A. oligospora in diverse nutrient medium. Lipid metabolism-related pathways were the primary targets of Aog415 disruption as revealed by the metabolomic analysis. In comparison to the WT, a significant reduction in the levels of glycerophospholipids, and glycolipids was observed in the mutation. The metabolic alteration in fatty acyls and amino acid-like molecules were significantly disrupted. The knockout of Aog415 impaired the biosynthesis of the hydroxamate siderophore desferriferrichrome, remodeled the flow of fatty acid in A. oligospora, and mainly reprogrammed the membrane lipid metabolism in cells. Desferriferrichrome, a hydroxamate siderophore affects the growth, metabolism and nematode trapping ability of A. oligospora by regulating iron intake and cell membrane homeostasis. Our study uncovered the significant contribution of siderophores to the growth and nematode trapping ability and constructed the relationship among siderophores biosynthesis, lipid metabolism and nematode trapping activity of A. oligospora, which provides a new insight for the development of nematode biocontrol agents based on nematode trapping fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Liangyin Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Hengqian Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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11
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Yan K, Zhang J, Cai Y, Cao G, Meng L, Soaud SA, Heakel RMY, Ihtisham M, Zhao X, Wei Q, Dai T, Abbas M, El-Sappah AH. Comparative analysis of endophytic fungal communities in bamboo species Phyllostachys edulis, Bambusa rigida, and Pleioblastus amarus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20910. [PMID: 38017106 PMCID: PMC10684524 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes in plant leaf mesophyll form mutually beneficial associations through carbon assimilation, synthesis of biologically active chemicals, and enhancement of aesthetic and nutritional value. Here, we compared community structure, diversity, and richness of endophytic fungi in the leaves of three bamboo species, including Phyllostachys edulis (MZ), Bambusa rigida (KZ), and Pleioblastus amarus (YT) via high-throughput Illumina sequencing. In total, 1070 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were retrieved and classified into 7 phylum, 27 classes, 82 orders, 185 families, 310 genus, and 448 species. Dominant genera were Cladosporium, Trichomerium, Hannaella, Ascomycota, Sporobolomyces, Camptophora and Strelitziana. The highest fungal diversity was observed in Pleioblastus amarus, followed by Bambusa rigida, and Phyllostachys edulis. Comparatively, monopodial species Ph. edulis and sympodial B. rigida, mixed P. amarus revealed the highest richness of endophytic fungi. We retrieved a few biocontrol agents, Sarocladium and Paraconiothyrium, and unique Sporobolomyces, Camptophora, and Strelitziana genera. FUNGuild analysis revealed the surrounding environment (The annual average temperature is between 15 and 25 °C, and the relative humidity of the air is above 83% all year round) as a source of fungal accumulation in bamboo leaves and their pathogenic nature. Our results provide precise knowledge for better managing bamboo forests and pave the way for isolating secondary metabolites and potential bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Yan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Guiling Cao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Lina Meng
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Salma A Soaud
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Rania M Y Heakel
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Xianming Zhao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Qin Wei
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Tainfei Dai
- Sichuan Green Food Development Center, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Manzar Abbas
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China.
| | - Ahmed H El-Sappah
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, China.
- Sichuan Oil Cinnamon Engineering Technology Research Center, Yibin University, Yibin, China.
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
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12
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Stucky T, Hochstrasser M, Meyer S, Segessemann T, Ruthes AC, Ahrens CH, Pelludat C, Dahlin P. A Novel Robust Screening Assay Identifies Pseudomonas Strains as Reliable Antagonists of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2011. [PMID: 37630571 PMCID: PMC10459205 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty-four bacterial strains isolated from greenhouse soil and beetroots were tested for their antagonistic activity against the plant-parasitic root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita, which causes significant yield losses in a number of important crops worldwide. Through a novel combination of in vitro and on planta screening assays, Pseudomonas spp. 105 and 108 were identified as the most promising bacterial isolates. Both strains were evaluated for their potential to control different RKN population densities and as root protectants against nematode infestation. Regardless of the application method, both strains significantly reduced root galling caused by M. incognita. These two strains were subjected to whole genome sequencing and de novo genome assembly as a basis for phylogenetic and future functional characterization. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both Pseudomonas strains cluster within the Pseudomonas fluorescens clade among previously characterized RKN antagonists and Pseudomonas-based biocontrol agents of plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Stucky
- Entomology and Nematology, Plant Protection, Agroscope, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Miro Hochstrasser
- Entomology and Nematology, Plant Protection, Agroscope, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Silvan Meyer
- Entomology and Nematology, Plant Protection, Agroscope, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Tina Segessemann
- Method Development and Analytics, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 190, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian H. Ahrens
- Method Development and Analytics, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 190, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics—SIB, Reckenholzstrasse 190, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cosima Pelludat
- Virology, Bacteriology and Phytoplasmology, Plant Protection, Agroscope, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Paul Dahlin
- Entomology and Nematology, Plant Protection, Agroscope, Müller-Thurgau-Strasse 29, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
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13
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Sikandar A, Gao F, Mo Y, Chen Q, Ullah RMK, Wu H. Efficacy of Aspergillus tubingensis GX3' Fermentation against Meloidogyne enterolobii in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2724. [PMID: 37514339 PMCID: PMC10385188 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Meloidogyne enterolobii is one of the most virulent root-knot nematodes (RKNs). Aspergillus tubingensis Raoul Mosseray, 1934, is used to produce bioactive substances, enzymes, and secondary metabolites. However, no research has been conducted yet on the efficacy of A. tubingensis against plant-parasitic nematodes. Thus, the novel research was planned to evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of A. tubingensis fermentation against M. enterolobii. The findings showed that egg hatching inhibition and mortality of M. enterolobii increased with increasing concentration of fermentation and exposure time. The maximum second-stage juveniles (J2s) mortality was achieved via 100% fermentation at 72 h. Similarly, 100% fermentation inhibited 99.9% of egg hatching at 8 d. A. tubingensis fermentation increased plant biomass, decreased second-stage juvenile invasion, and inhibited nematode development and reproduction in greenhouse conditions. A. tubingensis reduced J2 invasion into tomato roots by 42.84% with CS+ (coated seeds plants with nematodes inoculum) and 27.04% with T+ (100% fermentation broth and nematodes inoculum both) treatments. Moreover, CS+ and T+ treatments decreased nematode development by 54.31% and 21.48%, respectively. It is concluded that the A. tubingensis GX3 strain can be used as a novel microbial biocontrol agent against M. enterolobii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aatika Sikandar
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Fukun Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yixue Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Kaleem Ullah
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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