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Drapal M, Amah D, Uwimana B, Brown A, Swennen R, Fraser PD. Evidence for metabolite composition underlying consumer preference in Sub-Saharan African Musa spp. Food Chem 2024; 435:137481. [PMID: 37774620 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Breeding programs for disease resistant bananas in Sub-Saharan Africa generated resistant bananas, which did not meet fruit quality characteristics preferred by consumers. The present study aimed to establish chemotypes underlying preferred cooking bananas of Matooke, Mchare and plantain and less preferred Mbidde bananas, used for beer brewing. The metabolite data of Mbidde showed higher levels of metabolites associated with sour, sweet, and astringent taste; as well as different textural properties associated with cell wall composition and lignin content. Significant differences in the majority of specialised and primary metabolites were observed in the pulp of cooking banana groups. Analysis of peel tissue indicated similar metabolic differences in the protective layer surrounding the pulp and suggested a distinct genetic regulation of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways between the genome groups. In summary, the present data can be used to establish metabolic traits associated with consumer preference, which can augment modern breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Drapal
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Delphine Amah
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Brigitte Uwimana
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Sendusu, Uganda
| | - Allan Brown
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Rony Swennen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Sendusu, Uganda; Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven University, W. De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
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2
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Nihorimbere G, Korangi Alleluya V, Nimbeshaho F, Nihorimbere V, Legrève A, Ongena M. Bacillus-based biocontrol beyond chemical control in central Africa: the challenge of turning myth into reality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1349357. [PMID: 38379944 PMCID: PMC10877027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1349357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural productivity in the Great Lakes Countries of Central Africa, including Burundi, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, is affected by a wide range of diseases and pests which are mainly controlled by chemical pesticides. However, more than 30% of the pesticides used in the region are banned in European Union due to their high toxicity. Globally available safe and eco-friendly biological alternatives to chemicals are virtually non-existent in the region. Bacillus PGPR-based biocontrol products are the most dominant in the market and have proven their efficacy in controlling major plant diseases reported in the region. With this review, we present the current situation of disease and pest management and urge the need to utilize Bacillus-based control as a possible sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. A repertoire of strains from the Bacillus subtilis group that have shown great potential to antagonize local pathogens is provided, and efforts to promote their use, as well as the search for indigenous and more adapted Bacillus strains to local agro-ecological conditions, should be undertaken to make sustainable agriculture a reality in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspard Nihorimbere
- Phytopathology- Applied Microbiology, Earth, and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
- Unité de défense des végétaux, Institut des Sciences Agronomiques du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Virginie Korangi Alleluya
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Chemical and Agricultural Industries, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - François Nimbeshaho
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Nutrition-Phytochimie, d’Ecologie et d’Environnement Appliquée, Centre Universitaire de Recherche et de Pédagogie Appliquées aux Sciences, Institut de Pédagogie Appliquée, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Venant Nihorimbere
- Département des Sciences et Technologie des Aliments, Faculté de Bio-Ingénierie, Université du Burundi, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Anne Legrève
- Phytopathology- Applied Microbiology, Earth, and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions, TERRA Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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3
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Chen A, Sun J, Viljoen A, Mostert D, Xie Y, Mangila L, Bothma S, Lyons R, Hřibová E, Christelová P, Uwimana B, Amah D, Pearce S, Chen N, Batley J, Edwards D, Doležel J, Crisp P, Brown AF, Martin G, Yahiaoui N, D’Hont A, Coin L, Swennen R, Aitken EAB. Genetic Mapping, Candidate Gene Identification and Marker Validation for Host Plant Resistance to the Race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Using Musa acuminata ssp. malaccensis. Pathogens 2023; 12:820. [PMID: 37375510 PMCID: PMC10303076 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana is a devastating disease that has decimated banana production worldwide. Host resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (Foc), the causal agent of this disease, is genetically dissected in this study using two Musa acuminata ssp. Malaccensis segregating populations, segregating for Foc Tropical (TR4) and Subtropical (STR4) race 4 resistance. Marker loci and trait association using 11 SNP-based PCR markers allowed the candidate region to be delimited to a 12.9 cM genetic interval corresponding to a 959 kb region on chromosome 3 of 'DH-Pahang' reference assembly v4. Within this region, there was a cluster of pattern recognition receptors, namely leucine-rich repeat ectodomain containing receptor-like protein kinases, cysteine-rich cell-wall-associated protein kinases, and leaf rust 10 disease-resistance locus receptor-like proteins, positioned in an interspersed arrangement. Their transcript levels were rapidly upregulated in the resistant progenies but not in the susceptible F2 progenies at the onset of infection. This suggests that one or several of these genes may control resistance at this locus. To confirm the segregation of single-gene resistance, we generated an inter-cross between the resistant parent 'Ma850' and a susceptible line 'Ma848', to show that the STR4 resistance co-segregated with marker '28820' at this locus. Finally, an informative SNP marker 29730 allowed the locus-specific resistance to be assessed in a collection of diploid and polyploid banana plants. Of the 60 lines screened, 22 lines were predicted to carry resistance at this locus, including lines known to be TR4-resistant, such as 'Pahang', 'SH-3362', 'SH-3217', 'Ma-ITC0250', and 'DH-Pahang/CIRAD 930'. Additional screening in the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture's collection suggests that the dominant allele is common among the elite 'Matooke' NARITA hybrids, as well as in other triploid or tetraploid hybrids derived from East African highland bananas. Fine mapping and candidate gene identification will allow characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying the TR4 resistance. The markers developed in this study can now aid the marker-assisted selection of TR4 resistance in breeding programs around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chen
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (J.S.); (L.M.); (R.L.); (N.C.); (P.C.); (E.A.B.A.)
| | - Jiaman Sun
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (J.S.); (L.M.); (R.L.); (N.C.); (P.C.); (E.A.B.A.)
- School of Life Science, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Altus Viljoen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; (A.V.); (D.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Diane Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; (A.V.); (D.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Yucong Xie
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA;
| | - Leroy Mangila
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (J.S.); (L.M.); (R.L.); (N.C.); (P.C.); (E.A.B.A.)
| | - Sheryl Bothma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa; (A.V.); (D.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Rebecca Lyons
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (J.S.); (L.M.); (R.L.); (N.C.); (P.C.); (E.A.B.A.)
| | - Eva Hřibová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Bio-Technological and Agricultural Research, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Pavla Christelová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Bio-Technological and Agricultural Research, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Brigitte Uwimana
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kampala P.O. Box 7878, Uganda; (B.U.); (R.S.)
| | - Delphine Amah
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan PMB 5320, Nigeria;
| | - Stephen Pearce
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK;
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (J.S.); (L.M.); (R.L.); (N.C.); (P.C.); (E.A.B.A.)
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (J.B.); (D.E.)
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (J.B.); (D.E.)
- The Centre for Applied Bioinformatics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Bio-Technological and Agricultural Research, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (E.H.); (P.C.); (J.D.)
| | - Peter Crisp
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (J.S.); (L.M.); (R.L.); (N.C.); (P.C.); (E.A.B.A.)
| | - Allan F. Brown
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania;
| | - Guillaume Martin
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (G.M.); (N.Y.); (A.D.)
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Nabila Yahiaoui
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (G.M.); (N.Y.); (A.D.)
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Angelique D’Hont
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (G.M.); (N.Y.); (A.D.)
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Lachlan Coin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Rony Swennen
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kampala P.O. Box 7878, Uganda; (B.U.); (R.S.)
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A. B. Aitken
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia; (J.S.); (L.M.); (R.L.); (N.C.); (P.C.); (E.A.B.A.)
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4
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Zhan N, Kuang M, He W, Deng G, Liu S, Li C, Roux N, Dita M, Yi G, Sheng O. Evaluation of Resistance of Banana Genotypes with AAB Genome to Fusarium Wilt Tropical Race 4 in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1274. [PMID: 36547607 PMCID: PMC9785273 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Banana cultivars with the AAB genome group comprise diverse subgroups, such as Plantain, Silk, Iholena, and Pisang Raja, among others, which play an important role in food security in many developing countries. Some of these cultivars are susceptible to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), the most destructive pathogen threatening banana production worldwide, and some of them are still largely unknown. We evaluated the resistance of 37 banana genotypes, including Plantain, Silk, Iholena, Maia Maoli/Popoulu, Pisang Raja, Pome, and Mysore, to Foc TR4 under both greenhouse and field conditions. Genotypes from the Silk and Iholena subgroups were highly susceptible to Foc TR4. Pome and Mysore showed resistance and intermediate resistance, respectively. However, Pisang Raja ranged from susceptible to intermediate resistance. One cultivar from the Maia Maoli/Popoulu subgroup was highly susceptible, while the other displayed significant resistance. Most Plantain cultivars exhibited high resistance to Foc TR4, except two French types of cultivar, 'Uganda Plantain' and 'Njombe N°2', which were susceptible. The susceptibility to Foc TR4 of some of the AAB genotypes evaluated, especially Plantain and other cooking bananas, indicates that growers dependent on these varieties need to be included as part of the prevention and integrated Foc TR4 management strategies, as these genotypes play a crucial role in food security and livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhan
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
- College of Life Science, Langfang Normal University, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Mengyu Kuang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weidi He
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guiming Deng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Siwen Liu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunyu Li
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Nicolas Roux
- Alliance Bioversity International-CIAT, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, CEDEX 5, 34397 Montpellier, France
| | - Miguel Dita
- Bioversity International, The Americas Hub, Cali 763537, Colombia
| | - Ganjun Yi
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ou Sheng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research, Guangzhou 510640, China
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5
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Sun Y, Huang B, Cheng P, Li C, Chen Y, Li Y, Zheng L, Xing J, Dong Z, Yu G. Endophytic Bacillus subtilis TR21 Improves Banana Plant Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and Promotes Root Growth by Upregulating the Jasmonate and Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis Pathways. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:219-231. [PMID: 34231376 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-21-0159-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The banana (Musa spp.) industry experiences dramatic annual losses from Fusarium wilt of banana disease, which is caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC). Pisang Awak banana 'Fenza No. 1' (Musa spp. cultivar Fenza No. 1), a major banana cultivar with high resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4, is considered to be ideal for growth in problematic areas. However, 'Fenza No. 1' is still affected by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 in the field. TR21 is an endophytic Bacillus subtilis strain isolated from orchids (Dendrobium sp.). Axillary spraying of banana plants with TR21 controls Fusarium wilt of banana, decreasing the growth period and increasing yields in the field. In this study, we established that TR21 increases root growth in different monocotyledonous plant species. By axillary inoculation, TR21 induced a similar transcriptomic change as that induced by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 but also upregulated the biosynthetic pathways for the phytohormones brassinosteroid and jasmonic acid in 'Fenza No. 1' root tissues, indicating that TR21 increases Fusarium wilt of banana resistance, shortens growth period, and increases yield of banana by inducing specific transcriptional reprogramming and modulating phytohormone levels. These findings will contribute to the identification of candidate genes related to plant resistance against fungi in a nonmodel system and facilitate further study and exploitation of endophytic biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Sun
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzhi Huang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunji Li
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Zhuhai Agricultural Sciences Research Center, Zhuhai 519075, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Li
- Zhuhai Agricultural Sciences Research Center, Zhuhai 519075, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zheng
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Juejun Xing
- Laboratory & Equipment Management Department, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Dong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohui Yu
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, People's Republic of China
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6
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Ochieno DM. Fusarium oxysporum V5w2 is a non-beneficial endophyte that interacts with Radopholus similis in a wilt disease complex of banana. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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7
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Rocha ADJ, Soares JMDS, Nascimento FDS, Santos AS, Amorim VBDO, Ferreira CF, Haddad F, dos Santos-Serejo JA, Amorim EP. Improvements in the Resistance of the Banana Species to Fusarium Wilt: A Systematic Review of Methods and Perspectives. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:249. [PMID: 33806239 PMCID: PMC8066237 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (FOC), tropical race 4 (TR4), causes Fusarium wilt of banana, a pandemic that has threatened the cultivation and export trade of this fruit. This article presents the first systematic review of studies conducted in the last 10 years on the resistance of Musa spp. to Fusarium wilt. We evaluated articles deposited in different academic databases, using a standardized search string and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We note that the information on the sequencing of the Musa sp. genome is certainly a source for obtaining resistant cultivars, mainly by evaluating the banana transcriptome data after infection with FOC. We also showed that there are sources of resistance to FOC race 1 (R1) and FOC TR4 in banana germplasms and that these data are the basis for obtaining resistant cultivars, although the published data are still scarce. In contrast, the transgenics approach has been adopted frequently. We propose harmonizing methods and protocols to facilitate the comparison of information obtained in different research centers and efforts based on global cooperation to cope with the disease. Thus, we offer here a contribution that may facilitate and direct research towards the production of banana resistant to FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anelita de Jesus Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil; (A.d.J.R.); (J.M.d.S.S.); (F.d.S.N.)
| | - Julianna Matos da Silva Soares
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil; (A.d.J.R.); (J.M.d.S.S.); (F.d.S.N.)
| | - Fernanda dos Santos Nascimento
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Bahia, Brazil; (A.d.J.R.); (J.M.d.S.S.); (F.d.S.N.)
| | | | | | - Claudia Fortes Ferreira
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruit, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil; (V.B.d.O.A.); (C.F.F.); (F.H.); (J.A.d.S.-S.)
| | - Fernando Haddad
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruit, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil; (V.B.d.O.A.); (C.F.F.); (F.H.); (J.A.d.S.-S.)
| | | | - Edson Perito Amorim
- Embrapa Cassava and Fruit, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, Bahia, Brazil; (V.B.d.O.A.); (C.F.F.); (F.H.); (J.A.d.S.-S.)
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