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Parajuli D. MXenes-polymer nanocomposites for biomedical applications: fundamentals and future perspectives. Front Chem 2024; 12:1400375. [PMID: 38863676 PMCID: PMC11165207 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1400375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The article discusses the promising synergy between MXenes and polymers in developing advanced nanocomposites with diverse applications in biomedicine domains. MXenes, possessing exceptional properties, are integrated into polymer matrices through various synthesis and fabrication methods. These nanocomposites find applications in drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, and environmental remediation. They offer improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced side effects in drug delivery, enhanced sensitivity and specificity in imaging and diagnostics, and effectiveness in water purification and pollutant removal. The perspective also addresses challenges like biocompatibility and toxicity, while suggesting future research directions. In totality, it highlights the transformative potential of MXenes-polymer nanocomposites in addressing critical issues across various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Parajuli
- Research Center for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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2
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Wang F, Zhang Y, Hu S, Zhong X, Bai J, Zhang Y, Bao J. Preparation and Characterization of Conductive/Self-Healing Resin Nanocomposites Based on Tetrafunctional Furan-Functionalized Aniline Trimer Modified Graphene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:90. [PMID: 38201755 PMCID: PMC10780900 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The nanocomposites with reversible cross-linking covalent bonds were prepared by reacting furfurylamine (FA)-modified diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and furfuryl-functionalized aniline trimer-modified graphene (TFAT-G) with bismaleimide (BMI) via the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. The successful synthesis of the TFAT modifier is confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) hydrogen spectroscopy and IR spectroscopy tests. The structure and properties of TFAT-G epoxy nanocomposites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), tensile, and resistivity. The results show that TFAT-G was uniformly dispersed in the resin, and 1 wt% TFAT-G composites increased to 233% for tensile strength, 63% for elongation at break, 66% for modulus, and 7.8 °C for Tg. In addition, the addition of unmodified graphene degrades the mechanical properties of the composite. Overall, the graphene/self-healing resin nanocomposites have both good self-healing function and electrical conductivity by adding 1 wt% modified graphene; this allows for the maintenance of the original 83% strength and 89% electrical conductivity after one cycle of heating repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China; (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Yichuan Zhang
- AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China; (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Su Hu
- AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China; (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Xiangyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Composite, Composite Technology Center, AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
| | - Jiangbo Bai
- School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China; (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.)
| | - Jianwen Bao
- AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China; (F.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Composite, Composite Technology Center, AVIC Composite Corporation Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
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3
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Yimyai T, Crespy D, Rohwerder M. Corrosion-Responsive Self-Healing Coatings. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300101. [PMID: 36939547 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organic coatings are one of the most popular and powerful strategies for protecting metals against corrosion. They can be applied in different ways, such as by dipping, spraying, electrophoresis, casting, painting, or flow coating. They offer great flexibility of material designs and cost effectiveness. Moreover, self-healing has evolved as a new research topic for protective organic coatings in the last two decades. Responsive materials play a crucial role in this new research field. However, for targeting the development of high-performance self-healing coatings for corrosion protection, it is not sufficient just to focus on smart responsive materials and suitable active agents for self-healing. A better understanding of how coatings can react on different stimuli induced by corrosion, how these stimuli can spread in the coating, and how the released agents can reach the corroding defect is also of high importance. Such knowledge would allow the design of coatings that are optimized for specific applications. Herein, the requirements and possibilities from the corrosion and synthesis perspectives for designing materials for preparing self-healing coatings for corrosion protection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiwa Yimyai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Michael Rohwerder
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
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4
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Idumah CI. MXene polymeric nanoarchitectures mechanical, deformation, and failure mechanism: A review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. I. Idumah
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Polymer Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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5
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Kim G, Caglayan C, Yun GJ. Epoxy-Based Catalyst-Free Self-Healing Elastomers at Room Temperature Employing Aromatic Disulfide and Hydrogen Bonds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:44750-44761. [PMID: 36530289 PMCID: PMC9753497 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, catalyst-free room-temperature healing epoxy vitrimer-like materials (S-vitrimer) are introduced. The S-vitrimer can be healed at room temperature without any external stimuli such as solvent, pressure, heat, and catalyst through an aromatic disulfide exchange reaction and a hydrogen bond because the glass transition temperature of the S-vitrimer is lower than room temperature. Self-healing materials are attracting widespread attention nowadays with their potential to increase the durability of the materials. However, there is still elevating need for research, considering the limitations of various self-healing methods. To the best of our knowledge, epoxy-based catalyst-free room-temperature healing materials have not been investigated until now, yet they are promising to make self-healing easier. Moreover, the S-vitrimer showed higher healing efficiency when healed for a longer time and at a higher temperature. Especially when healed at room temperature for 96 h, the S-vitrimer presented an 80% healing efficiency. The S-vitrimer also showed an 80% healing efficiency when healed at 60 °C for 48 h. To investigate the factors affecting self-healing behavior, three control experiments were carried out. Control experiments showed that the S-vitrimer is healed mainly due to a disulfide exchange reaction, but hydrogen bonds also contribute to self-healing behavior. Also, it was found that tightly packed segments can hinder self-healing through control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonwoo Kim
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National
University, Seoul08826, South Korea
| | - Cigdem Caglayan
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National
University, Seoul08826, South Korea
| | - Gun Jin Yun
- Department
of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National
University, Seoul08826, South Korea
- Institute
of Advanced Aerospace Engineering Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, South Korea
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6
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Khosla A, Sonu, Awan HTA, Singh K, Gaurav, Walvekar R, Zhao Z, Kaushik A, Khalid M, Chaudhary V. Emergence of MXene and MXene-Polymer Hybrid Membranes as Future- Environmental Remediation Strategies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203527. [PMID: 36316226 PMCID: PMC9798995 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The continuous deterioration of the environment due to extensive industrialization and urbanization has raised the requirement to devise high-performance environmental remediation technologies. Membrane technologies, primarily based on conventional polymers, are the most commercialized air, water, solid, and radiation-based environmental remediation strategies. Low stability at high temperatures, swelling in organic contaminants, and poor selectivity are the fundamental issues associated with polymeric membranes restricting their scalable viability. Polymer-metal-carbides and nitrides (MXenes) hybrid membranes possess remarkable physicochemical attributes, including strong mechanical endurance, high mechanical flexibility, superior adsorptive behavior, and selective permeability, due to multi-interactions between polymers and MXene's surface functionalities. This review articulates the state-of-the-art MXene-polymer hybrid membranes, emphasizing its fabrication routes, enhanced physicochemical properties, and improved adsorptive behavior. It comprehensively summarizes the utilization of MXene-polymer hybrid membranes for environmental remediation applications, including water purification, desalination, ion-separation, gas separation and detection, containment adsorption, and electromagnetic and nuclear radiation shielding. Furthermore, the review highlights the associated bottlenecks of MXene-Polymer hybrid-membranes and its possible alternate solutions to meet industrial requirements. Discussed are opportunities and prospects related to MXene-polymer membrane to devise intelligent and next-generation environmental remediation strategies with the integration of modern age technologies of internet-of-things, artificial intelligence, machine-learning, 5G-communication and cloud-computing are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Khosla
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyXidian UniversityXi'an710126P. R. China
| | - Sonu
- School Advanced of Chemical SciencesShoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesBajholSolanHP173212India
| | - Hafiz Taimoor Ahmed Awan
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG)School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo. 5Jalan UniversityBandar SunwayPetaling JayaSelangor47500Malaysia
| | - Karambir Singh
- School of Physics and Material scienceShoolini University of Biotechnology and Management SciencesBajholSolanHP173212India
| | - Gaurav
- Department of BotanyRamjas CollegeUniversity of DelhiDelhi110007India
- SUMAN Laboratory (SUstainable Materials and Advanced Nanotechnology Lab)University of DelhiNew Delhi110072India
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringSchool of New Energy and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University MalaysiaJalan Sunsuria, Bandar SunsuriaSepangSelangor43900Malaysia
| | - Zhenhuan Zhao
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyXidian UniversityXi'an710126P. R. China
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech LaboratoryHealth System EngineeringDepartment of Environmental EngineeringFlorida Polytechnic UniversityLakelandFL33805USA
- School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES)DehradunUttarakhand248007India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG)School of Engineering and TechnologySunway UniversityNo. 5Jalan UniversityBandar SunwayPetaling JayaSelangor47500Malaysia
- Sunway Materials Smart Science and Engineering (SMS2E) Research ClusterSunway UniversityNo. 5Jalan UniversitiBandar SunwayPetaling JayaSelangor47500Malaysia
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell and Department of PhysicsBhagini Nivedita CollegeUniversity of DelhiNew DelhiIndia
- SUMAN Laboratory (SUstainable Materials and Advanced Nanotechnology Lab)University of DelhiNew Delhi110072India
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Zhao C, Yue H, Huang M, He S, Liu H, Liu W, Zhu C, Jiang L. Thermal/Near-Infrared Light Dual-Responsive Reconfigurable and Recyclable Polythiourethane/CNT Composite with Simultaneously Enhanced Strength and Toughness. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 44:e2200806. [PMID: 36444920 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Thermoset polymers cross-linked by dynamic covalent bonds are recyclable and reconfigurable based on solid-state plasticity, resulting in less waste and environmental pollution. However, most thermoset polymers previously reported show thermal-responsive solid-state plasticity, depending much on external conditions and not allowing for local shape modulation. Here, the isocyanate modified carbon nanotubes (CNTs-NCO) are introduced into the polythiourethane (PCTU) network with multiple dynamic covalent bonds by in situ polymerization to prepare the composite with thermal/light dual-responsive solid-state plasticity, reconfigurability, and recyclability. The introduction of CNTs-NCO simultaneously strengthens and toughens the PCTU composite. Moreover, based on the photothermal properties and light-responsive solid-state plasticity, the PCTU/CNTs composite or bilayer sample could achieve complex permanent shape by locally precise shape regulation without affecting other parts. This work provides a simple and reliable method for preparing high-performance polymer composite with light-responsive solid-state plasticity, which may be applied in the fields of sensing and flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrui Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Miaoming Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Suqin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Chengshen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- High &New Technology Research Center of Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
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8
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IVANENKO K, FAINLEIB A. МАХ PHASE (MXENE) IN POLYMER MATERIALS. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/polymerj.44.03.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article is a review of the Mn+1AXn phases (“MAX phases”, where n = 1, 2 or 3), their MXene derivatives and the reinforcement of polymers with these materials. The MAX phases are a class of hexagonal-structure ternary carbides and nitrides ("X") of the transition metal ("M") and the A-group element. The unique combination of chemical, physical, electrical and mechanical properties that combine the characteristics of metals and ceramics is of interest to researchers in the MAX phases. For example, MAX phases are typically resistant to oxidation and corrosion, elastic, but at the same time, they have high thermal and electrical conductivity and are machinable. These properties stem from an inherently nanolaminated crystal structure, with Mn+1Xn slabs intercalated with pure A-element layers. To date, more than 150 MAX phases have been synthesized. In 2011, a new family of 2D materials, called MXene, was synthesized, emphasizing the connection with the MAX phases and their dimension. Several approaches to the synthesis of MXene have been developed, including selective etching in a mixture of fluoride salts and various acids, non-aqueous etching solutions, halogens and molten salts, which allows the synthesis of new materials with better control over the chemical composition of their surface. The use of MAX phases and MXene for polymer reinforcement increases their thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. Thus, the addition of fillers increases the glass transition temperature by an average of 10%, bending strength by 30%, compressive strength by 70%, tensile strength up to 200%, microhardness by 40%, reduces friction coefficient and makes the composite material self-lubricating, and 1 % wt. MAX phases increases thermal conductivity by 23%, Young’s modulus increases. The use of composites as components of sensors, electromagnetic protection, wearable technologies, in current sources, in aerospace and military applications, etc. are proposed.
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9
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Giménez R, Serrano B, San-Miguel V, Cabanelas JC. Recent Advances in MXene/Epoxy Composites: Trends and Prospects. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1170. [PMID: 35335500 PMCID: PMC8954424 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are thermosets with interesting physicochemical properties for numerous engineering applications, and considerable efforts have been made to improve their performance by adding nanofillers to their formulations. MXenes are one of the most promising functional materials to use as nanofillers. They have attracted great interest due to their high electrical and thermal conductivity, hydrophilicity, high specific surface area and aspect ratio, and chemically active surface, compatible with a wide range of polymers. The use of MXenes as nanofillers in epoxy resins is incipient; nevertheless, the literature indicates a growing interest due to their good chemical compatibility and outstanding properties as composites, which widen the potential applications of epoxy resins. In this review, we report an overview of the recent progress in the development of MXene/epoxy nanocomposites and the contribution of nanofillers to the enhancement of properties. Particularly, their application for protective coatings (i.e., anticorrosive and friction and wear), electromagnetic-interference shielding, and composites is discussed. Finally, a discussion of the challenges in this topic is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Verónica San-Miguel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering (IAAB), University of Carlos III of Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (B.S.)
| | - Juan Carlos Cabanelas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering (IAAB), University of Carlos III of Madrid, Av. Universidad 30, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain; (R.G.); (B.S.)
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Song P, Ma Z, Qiu H, Ru Y, Gu J. High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Interference Shielding of rGO@FeNi/Epoxy Composites with Regular Honeycomb Structures. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:51. [PMID: 35084576 PMCID: PMC8795265 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of fifth-generation mobile communication technology and wearable electronic devices, electromagnetic interference and radiation pollution caused by electromagnetic waves have attracted worldwide attention. Therefore, the design and development of highly efficient EMI shielding materials are of great importance. In this work, the three-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) with regular honeycomb structure (GH) is firstly constructed by sacrificial template and freeze-drying methods. Then, the amino functionalized FeNi alloy particles (f-FeNi) are loaded on the GH skeleton followed by in-situ reduction to prepare rGH@FeNi aerogel. Finally, the rGH@FeNi/epoxy EMI shielding composites with regular honeycomb structure is obtained by vacuum-assisted impregnation of epoxy resin. Benefitting from the construction of regular honeycomb structure and electromagnetic synergistic effect, the rGH@FeNi/epoxy composites with a low rGH@FeNi mass fraction of 2.1 wt% (rGH and f-FeNi are 1.2 and 0.9 wt%, respectively) exhibit a high EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 46 dB, which is 5.8 times of that (8 dB) for rGO/FeNi/epoxy composites with the same rGO/FeNi mass fraction. At the same time, the rGH@FeNi/epoxy composites also possess excellent thermal stability (heat-resistance index and temperature at the maximum decomposition rate are 179.1 and 389.0 °C respectively) and mechanical properties (storage modulus is 8296.2 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglei Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Qiu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Ru
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Ekeocha J, Ellingford C, Pan M, Wemyss AM, Bowen C, Wan C. Challenges and Opportunities of Self-Healing Polymers and Devices for Extreme and Hostile Environments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008052. [PMID: 34165832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Engineering materials and devices can be damaged during their service life as a result of mechanical fatigue, punctures, electrical breakdown, and electrochemical corrosion. This damage can lead to unexpected failure during operation, which requires regular inspection, repair, and replacement of the products, resulting in additional energy consumption and cost. During operation in challenging, extreme, or harsh environments, such as those encountered in high or low temperature, nuclear, offshore, space, and deep mining environments, the robustness and stability of materials and devices are extremely important. Over recent decades, significant effort has been invested into improving the robustness and stability of materials through either structural design, the introduction of new chemistry, or improved manufacturing processes. Inspired by natural systems, the creation of self-healing materials has the potential to overcome these challenges and provide a route to achieve dynamic repair during service. Current research on self-healing polymers remains in its infancy, and self-healing behavior under harsh and extreme conditions is a particularly untapped area of research. Here, the self-healing mechanisms and performance of materials under a variety of harsh environments are discussed. An overview of polymer-based devices developed for a range of challenging environments is provided, along with areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ekeocha
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher Ellingford
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Min Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Alan M Wemyss
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Chaoying Wan
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM), University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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12
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Lu H, Wu Y, Qi X, Chi Z, Li Z, Xu L, Fu Y, Dong Y. Thermally and light‐triggered reconfigurable shape memory polydopamine/epoxy composite with self‐healing and recyclable ability. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Yanglong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaoming Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhangyi Chi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Zhao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Yaqin Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
| | - Yubing Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang Sci‐Tech University Hangzhou China
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13
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Moghimikheirabadi A, Mugemana C, Kröger M, Karatrantos AV. Polymer Conformations, Entanglements and Dynamics in Ionic Nanocomposites: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2591. [PMID: 33158229 PMCID: PMC7694256 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate nanoparticle (NP) dispersion, polymer conformations, entanglements and dynamics in ionic nanocomposites. To this end, we study nanocomposite systems with various spherical NP loadings, three different molecular weights, two different Bjerrum lengths, and two types of charge-sequenced polymers by means of molecular dynamics simulations. NP dispersion can be achieved in either oligomeric or entangled polymeric matrices due to the presence of electrostatic interactions. We show that the overall conformations of ionic oligomer chains, as characterized by their radii of gyration, are affected by the presence and the amount of charged NPs, while the dimensions of charged entangled polymers remain unperturbed. Both the dynamical behavior of polymers and NPs, and the lifetime and amount of temporary crosslinks, are found to depend on the ratio between the Bjerrum length and characteristic distance between charged monomers. Polymer-polymer entanglements start to decrease beyond a certain NP loading. The dynamics of ionic NPs and polymers is very different compared with their non-ionic counterparts. Specifically, ionic NP dynamics is getting enhanced in entangled matrices and also accelerates with the increase of NP loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Moghimikheirabadi
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mugemana
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Argyrios V. Karatrantos
- Materials Research and Technology, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5, Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
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14
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Frigione M, Lettieri M. Recent Advances and Trends of Nanofilled/Nanostructured Epoxies. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153415. [PMID: 32756362 PMCID: PMC7435812 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims at reviewing the works published in the last five years (2016–2020) on polymer nanocomposites based on epoxy resins. The different nanofillers successfully added to epoxies to enhance some of their characteristics, in relation to the nature and the feature of each nanofiller, are illustrated. The organic–inorganic hybrid nanostructured epoxies are also introduced and their strong potential in many applications has been highlighted. The different methods and routes employed for the production of nanofilled/nanostructured epoxies are described. A discussion of the main properties and final performance, which comprise durability, of epoxy nanocomposites, depending on chemical nature, shape, and size of nanoparticles and on their distribution, is presented. It is also shown why an efficient uniform dispersion of the nanofillers in the epoxy matrix, along with strong interfacial interactions with the polymeric network, will guarantee the success of the application for which the nanocomposite is proposed. The mechanisms yielding to the improved properties in comparison to the neat polymer are illustrated. The most important applications in which these new materials can better exploit their uniqueness are finally presented, also evidencing the aspects that limit a wider diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariaenrica Frigione
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, Prov. le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-297215
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Herath M, Epaarachchi J, Islam M, Fang L, Leng J. Light activated shape memory polymers and composites: A review. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Huang H, Sheng X, Tian Y, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhang X. Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Anticorrosive Polymeric Coatings: A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinxin Sheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqin Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Soft Condensed Matter, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Idumah CI, Nwuzor I, Odera SR. Recent advancements in self-healing polymeric hydrogels, shape memory, and stretchable materials. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1767615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Igwe Idumah
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Enhanced Polymer Research Group (EnPRO), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Iheoma Nwuzor
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Stone R. Odera
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
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18
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Li L, Wang Y, Wang J, Xiong J, Du S, Zhang P, Shi X, Yu J. MXene/Polymer Nanocomposites: Preparation, Properties, and Applications. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1729179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhao
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Longzhi Li
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jijun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuanli Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Hospital of Shanxi University, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaorong Shi
- The Hospital of Shanxi University, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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19
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Ren J, Li M, Yuan R, Pang A, Lu Z, Ge L. Adherent self-healing chitosan/dialdehyde starch coating. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Sun W, Wu T, Wang L, Dong C, Liu G. Controlled Preparation of MgAl-Layered Double Hydroxide/Graphene Hybrids and Their Applications for Metal Protection. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643099, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Fortunato G, Anghileri L, Griffini G, Turri S. Simultaneous Recovery of Matrix and Fiber in Carbon Reinforced Composites through a Diels-Alder Solvolysis Process. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1007. [PMID: 31174331 PMCID: PMC6631297 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and comprehensive recycling of fiber-reinforced thermosets is particularly challenging, since the irreversible degradation of the matrix component is necessary in order to separate the fiber component in high purity. In this work, a new approach to fully recyclable thermoset composites is presented, based on the thermal reversibility of an epoxy-based polymer network, crosslinked through Diels-Alder (DA) chemistry. Carbon fiber composites, fabricated by compression molding, were efficiently recycled through a simple solvolysis procedure in common solvents, under mild conditions, with no catalysts. Specifically, the purity of reclaimed fibers, assessed by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy, was very high (>95%) and allowed successful reprocessing into second generation composites. Moreover, the dissolved matrix residues were directly employed to prepare smart, thermally healable coatings. Overall, DA chemistry has been shown to provide a convenient strategy towards circular economy of thermoset composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Fortunato
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luca Anghileri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Gianmarco Griffini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Turri
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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