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Balboa-Palomino A, Páramo-García U, Melo-Banda JA, Verde-Gómez JY, Gallardo-Rivas NV. Effect of Graphene Oxide Addition on the Properties of Electrochemically Synthesized Polyaniline-Graphene Oxide Films. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1677. [PMID: 38932027 PMCID: PMC11207796 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, the electrochemical synthesis of PANI and GO-modified PANI was performed using cyclic voltammetry, varying the amount of GO, 1 mg (PG1), 5 mg (PG5), and 10 mg (PG10) to analyze the effect of the amount of GO on the composite. PANI, PG1, PG5, and PG10 materials were characterized using optical microscopy, SEM, UV-vis, FTIR, Raman, and wettability. A stability test was also carried out by putting the materials to 500 oxidation-reduction cycles using cyclic voltammetry. The synthesis method allowed GO in PANI to be added through a chemical interaction between the two compounds. It was also found that the addition of GO led to an improvement in the hydrophilic character of the composite, which would lead to an improvement in the diffusion of reagents/species when the composites are used in aqueous media processes. The results of the stability test showed that the PG10 material presented a lower % loss of specific capacitance and energy compared with the other materials, which indicates that the GO presence (in the amount specified) improves the stability of the PANI. The PG10 material showed favorable and promising conditions for its use in fuel cell and battery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Balboa-Palomino
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero, Av. 1° de Mayo, Ciudad Madero C. P. 89440, Mexico; (A.B.-P.); (J.A.M.-B.); (N.V.G.-R.)
| | - Ulises Páramo-García
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero, Av. 1° de Mayo, Ciudad Madero C. P. 89440, Mexico; (A.B.-P.); (J.A.M.-B.); (N.V.G.-R.)
| | - José Aarón Melo-Banda
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero, Av. 1° de Mayo, Ciudad Madero C. P. 89440, Mexico; (A.B.-P.); (J.A.M.-B.); (N.V.G.-R.)
| | - José Ysmael Verde-Gómez
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Cancún, Av. Kabah km. 3, Cancún C. P. 77500, Mexico;
| | - Nohra Violeta Gallardo-Rivas
- División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero, Av. 1° de Mayo, Ciudad Madero C. P. 89440, Mexico; (A.B.-P.); (J.A.M.-B.); (N.V.G.-R.)
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Igwe Idumah
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Faculty of Engineering, Awka, Nigeria
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Díez-Pascual AM. Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites: Recent Advances. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2102. [PMID: 35631984 PMCID: PMC9147770 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials are currently attracting a great deal of interest due to their unique chemical, optical, and electronic properties, which make them suitable for a broad range of uses, including supercapacitors, solar cells, fuel cells, lithium batteries, biomedicine, and so forth [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Velasco Davoise L, Peña Capilla R, Díez-Pascual AM. Assessment of the Refractive Index and Extinction Coefficient of Graphene-Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091828. [PMID: 35566999 PMCID: PMC9103999 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is one of the most attractive polymeric donor materials used in organic solar cells because of its high electrical conductivity and solubility in various solvents. However, its carrier mobility is low when compared to that of inorganic semiconductors; hence, the incorporation of appropriate nanomaterials to improve its electrical mobility and optical properties are pursued. In this work, a review of the changes in electrical conductivity, bandgap, hole collection properties and carrier mobility of P3HT when adding graphene (G) is presented. The main aim is to assess how the addition of different G contents influences the optical constants: refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k). The values of n and k as a function of the wavelength for six P3HT/G nanocomposites with G loadings in the range of 0.1-5 wt% have been fitted to two different models, Forouhi Bloomer and Cauchy, showing very good agreement between the experimental and the theoretical values. Furthermore, a rule of mixtures was successfully applied to calculate n using mass fraction instead of volume fraction, with errors lower than 6% for all the nanocomposites studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Velasco Davoise
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rafael Peña Capilla
- Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for High-Performance Applications II. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050870. [PMID: 35267693 PMCID: PMC8912748 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of science and technology, carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), fullerenes, and so forth, are becoming very attractive for a wide number of applications [...].
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6
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Chu L, Kan M, Jerrams S, Zhang R, Xu Z, Liu L, Wen S, Zhang L. Constructing Chemical Interface Layers by Using Ionic Liquid in Graphene Oxide/Rubber Composites to Achieve High-Wear Resistance in Environmental-Friendly Green Tires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:5995-6004. [PMID: 35040636 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The harm caused by small rubber particles generated from tire abrasion to the atmosphere is receiving a continuing concern. For developing environmental-friendly tire tread materials with high wear resistance, building the strong interface between nano-fillers and rubber matrix is the primary challenge. Herein, ionic liquid (IL, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazole chloride) was used to modify graphene oxide (GO) by π-cation interaction and hydrogen bonding between IL and GO. Furthermore, an IL-GO/natural rubber (NR) masterbatch possessing fine dispersion of GO was prepared by the emulsion compounding method, and thereafter, a further compound with solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) was fabricated for the tread rubber composite. Results showed that the double bond in the IL enhanced the cross-linking reaction during the vulcanization of rubber composites occurred at high temperature, leading to an elevated interfacial interaction between the IL-modified GO and the rubber macromolecules. Compared with silicon dioxide (SiO2)-filled NR/SSBR composites, the cross-link density, 300% modulus, and tear strength of the IL-GO/SiO2/NR/SSBR composites were increased by 10.2, 42.6, and 20.2%, respectively. Importantly, the wear resistance of the IL-GO/SiO2/NR/SSBR composites was improved by 17.3%, ascribing to the strong interface between IL-GO and rubber macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingzhu Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Stephen Jerrams
- Centre for Elastomer Research, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 00000, Ireland
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zongchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shipeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering and Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Díez-Pascual AM. Development of Graphene-Based Polymeric Nanocomposites: A Brief Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2978. [PMID: 34503017 PMCID: PMC8433988 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene (G) and its derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO), have outstanding electrical, mechanical, thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties, owed to their 2D structure and large specific surface area. Further, their combination with polymers leads to novel nanocomposites with enhanced structural and functional properties due to synergistic effects. Such nanocomposites are becoming increasingly useful in a wide variety of fields ranging from biomedicine to the electronics and energy storage applications. In this review, a brief introduction on the aforementioned G derivatives is presented, and different strategies to develop polymeric nanocomposites are described. Several functionalization methods including covalent and non-covalent approaches to increase their interaction with polymers are summarized, and selected examples are provided. Further, applications of this type of nanocomposites in the field of energy are discussed, including lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, transparent conductive electrodes, counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells, and active layers of organic solar cells. Finally, the challenges and future outlook for G-based polymeric nanocomposites are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Graphene Oxides Derivatives Prepared by an Electrochemical Approach: Correlation between Structure and Properties. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122532. [PMID: 33348545 PMCID: PMC7766825 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) can be defined as a single monolayer of graphite with oxygen-containing functionalities such as epoxides, alcohols, and carboxylic acids. It is an interesting alternative to graphene for many applications due to its exceptional properties and feasibility of functionalization. In this study, electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxides (EGOs) with different amounts of surface groups, hence level of oxidation, were prepared by an electrochemical two-stage approach using graphite as raw material. A complete characterization of the EGOs was carried out in order to correlate their surface topography, interlayer spacing, defect content, and specific surface area (SSA) with their electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. It has been found that the SSA has a direct relationship with the d-spacing. The EGOs electrical resistance decreases with increasing SSA while rises with increasing the D/G band intensity ratio in the Raman spectra, hence the defect content. Their thermal stability under both nitrogen and dry air atmospheres depends on both their oxidation level and defect content. Their macroscopic mechanical properties, namely the Young’s modulus and tensile strength, are influenced by the defect content, while no correlation was found with their SSA or interlayer spacing. Young moduli values as high as 54 GPa have been measured, which corroborates that the developed method preserves the integrity of the graphene flakes. Understanding the structure-property relationships in these materials is useful for the design of modified GOs with controllable morphologies and properties for a wide range of applications in electrical/electronic devices.
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Usman F, Dennis JO, Mkawi EM, Al-Hadeethi Y, Meriaudeau F, Ferrell TL, Aldaghri O, Sulieman A. Investigation of Acetone Vapour Sensing Properties of a Ternary Composite of Doped Polyaniline, Reduced Graphene Oxide and Chitosan Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2750. [PMID: 33233844 PMCID: PMC7699882 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the use of a ternary composite that integrates p-Toluene sulfonic acid doped polyaniline (PANI), chitosan, and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as the active sensing layer of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. The SPR sensor is intended for application in the non-invasive monitoring and screening of diabetes through the detection of low concentrations of acetone vapour of less than or equal to 5 ppm, which falls within the range of breath acetone concentration in diabetic patients. The ternary composite film was spin-coated on a 50-nm-thick gold layer at 6000 rpm for 30 s. The structure, morphology and chemical composition of the ternary composite samples were characterized by FTIR, UV-VIS, FESEM, EDX, AFM, XPS, and TGA and the response to acetone vapour at different concentrations in the range of 0.5 ppm to 5 ppm was measured at room temperature using SPR technique. The ternary composite-based SPR sensor showed good sensitivity and linearity towards acetone vapour in the range considered. It was determined that the sensor could detect acetone vapour down to 0.88 ppb with a sensitivity of 0.69 degree/ppm with a linearity correlation coefficient of 0.997 in the average SPR angular shift as a function of the acetone vapour concentration in air. The selectivity, repeatability, reversibility, and stability of the sensor were also studied. The acetone response was 87%, 94%, and 99% higher compared to common interfering volatile organic compounds such as propanol, methanol, and ethanol, respectively. The attained lowest detection limit (LOD) of 0.88 ppb confirms the potential for the utilisation of the sensor in the non-invasive monitoring and screening of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Usman
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia;
| | - John Ojur Dennis
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia;
| | - E M Mkawi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.M.); (Y.A.-H.)
| | - Yas Al-Hadeethi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.M.); (Y.A.-H.)
| | - Fabrice Meriaudeau
- ImViA EA 7535, Team IFTIM, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France;
| | - Thomas L. Ferrell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, 401 Nielsen Physics Building and Joint Institute for Materials Research 1408 Circle Drive Room 219 2641 Osprey Way, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Osamah Aldaghri
- Physics Department, College of Science, Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelmoneim Sulieman
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 422, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
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Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for High-Performance Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040872. [PMID: 32290251 PMCID: PMC7240536 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Díez-Pascual AM, Sainz-Urruela C, Vallés C, Vera-López S, San Andrés MP. Tailorable Synthesis of Highly Oxidized Graphene Oxides via an Environmentally-Friendly Electrochemical Process. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E239. [PMID: 32013166 PMCID: PMC7075238 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) is an attractive alternative to graphene for many applications due to its captivating optical, chemical, and electrical characteristics. In this work, GO powders with a different amount of surface groups were synthesized from graphite via an electrochemical two-stage process. Many synthesis conditions were tried to maximize the oxidation level, and comprehensive characterization of the resulting samples was carried out via elemental analysis, microscopies (TEM, SEM, AFM), X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies as well as electrical resistance measurements. SEM and TEM images corroborate that the electrochemical process used herein preserves the integrity of the graphene flakes, enabling to obtain large, uniform and well exfoliated GO sheets. The GOs display a wide range of C/O ratios, determined by the voltage and time of each stage as well as the electrolyte concentration, and an unprecedented minimum C/O value was obtained for the optimal conditions. FT-IR evidences strong intermolecular interactions between neighbouring oxygenated groups. The intensity ratio of D/G bands in the Raman spectra is high for samples prepared using concentrated H2SO4 as an electrolyte, indicative of many defects. Furthermore, these GOs exhibit smaller interlayer spacing than that expected according to their oxygen content, which suggests predominant oxidation on the flake edges. Results point out that the electrical resistance is conditioned mostly by the interlayer distance and not simply by the C/O ratio. The tuning of the oxidation level is useful for the design of GOs with tailorable structural, electrical, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Díez-Pascual
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain (S.V.-L.); (M.P.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry Research, “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid- Barcelona Km. 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sainz-Urruela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain (S.V.-L.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Cristina Vallés
- Department of Materials and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Soledad Vera-López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain (S.V.-L.); (M.P.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry Research, “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid- Barcelona Km. 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Paz San Andrés
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain (S.V.-L.); (M.P.S.)
- Institute of Chemistry Research, “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid- Barcelona Km. 33.6, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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Luceño-Sánchez JA, Díez-Pascual AM. Grafting of Polypyrrole-3-carboxylic Acid to the Surface of Hexamethylene Diisocyanate-Functionalized Graphene Oxide. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1095. [PMID: 31370134 PMCID: PMC6723346 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A polypyrrole-carboxylic acid derivative (PPy-COOH) was covalently anchored on the surface of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-modified graphene oxide (GO) following two different esterification approaches: activation of the carboxylic acids of the polymer by carbodiimide, and conversion of the carboxylic groups to acyl chloride. Microscopic observations revealed a decrease in HDI-GO layer thickness for the sample prepared via the first strategy, and the heterogeneous nature of the grafted samples. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies corroborated the grafting success, demonstrating the emergence of a peak associated with the ester group. The yield of the grafting reactions (31% and 42%) was roughly calculated from thermogravimetric analysis, and it was higher for the sample synthesized via formation of the acyl chloride-functionalized PPy. The grafted samples showed higher thermal stability (~30 and 40 °C in the second decomposition stage) and sheet resistance than PPy-COOH. They also exhibited superior stiffness and strength both at 25 and 100 °C, and the reinforcing efficiency was approximately maintained at high temperatures. Improved mechanical performance was attained for the sample with higher grafting yield. The developed method is a valuable approach to covalently attach conductive polymers onto graphenic nanomaterials for application in flexible electronics, fuel cells, solar cells, and supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Luceño-Sánchez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Alcalá University, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Díez-Pascual
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, Alcalá University, 28805 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Díez-Pascual AM, Chen G. Selected Papers from the 1st International Online Conference on Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9071021. [PMID: 31319500 PMCID: PMC6669614 DOI: 10.3390/nano9071021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Díez-Pascual
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guanying Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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