1
|
Holkar A, Gao S, Villaseñor K, Lake M, Srivastava S. Quantitative turbidimetric characterization of stabilized complex coacervate dispersions. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:5060-5070. [PMID: 38743276 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01761c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Stabilizing complex coacervate microdroplets is desirable due to their various applications, such as bioreactors, drug delivery vehicles, and encapsulants. Here, we present quantitative characterization of complex coacervate dispersion stability inferred by turbidimetry measurements. The stability of the dispersions is shown to be modulated by the concentrations of comb polyelectrolyte (cPE) stabilizers and salt. We demonstrate cPEs as effective stabilizers for complex coacervate dispersions independent of the chemistry or length of the constituent polyelectrolytes, salts, or preparation routes. By monitoring the temporal evolution of dispersion turbidity, we show that cPEs suppress microdroplet coalescence with minimal change in microdroplet sizes over 48 hours, even at salt concentrations up to 300 mM. The number density and average microdroplet size are shown to be controlled by varying the cPE and salt concentrations. Lastly, turbidity maps, akin to binodal phase maps, depict an expansion of the turbid two-phase region and an increase in the salt resistance of the coacervates upon the introduction of cPEs. The coacervate salt resistance is shown to increase by >3×, and this increase is maintained for up to 15 days, demonstrating that cPEs impart higher salt resistance over extended durations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Advait Holkar
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Shang Gao
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Kathleen Villaseñor
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Michael Lake
- NSF BioPACIFIC MIP, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- NSF BioPACIFIC MIP, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wilcox K, Yamagami KR, Roopnarine BK, Linscott A, Morozova S. Effect of Polymer Gel Elasticity on Complex Coacervate Phase Behavior. ACS POLYMERS AU 2024; 4:109-119. [PMID: 38618006 PMCID: PMC11010254 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.3c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Gels are key materials in biological systems such as tissues and may control biocondensate formation and structure. To further understand the effects of elastic environments on biomacromolecular assembly, we have investigated the phase behavior and radii of complex coacervate droplets in polyacrylamide (PAM) networks as a function of gel modulus. Poly-l-lysine (PLL) and sodium hyaluronate (HA) complex coacervate phases were prepared in PAM gels with moduli varying from 0.035 to 15.0 kPa. The size of the complex coacervate droplets is reported from bright-field microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Overall, the complex coacervate droplet volume decreases inversely with the modulus. Fluorescence microscopy is also used to determine the phase behavior and concentration of fluorescently tagged HA in the complex coacervate phases as a function of ionic strength (100-270 mM). We find that the critical ionic strength and complex coacervate stability are nonmonotonic as a function of the network modulus and that the local gel concentration can be used to control phase behavior and complex coacervate droplet size scale. By understanding how elastic environments influence simple electrostatic assembly, we can further understand how biomacromolecules exist in complex, crowded, and elastic cellular environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn
G. Wilcox
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Kai R. Yamagami
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Brittany K. Roopnarine
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Adam Linscott
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Svetlana Morozova
- Department of Macromolecular
Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Staňo R, van Lente J, Lindhoud S, Košovan P. Sequestration of Small Ions and Weak Acids and Bases by a Polyelectrolyte Complex Studied by Simulation and Experiment. Macromolecules 2024; 57:1383-1398. [PMID: 38370910 PMCID: PMC10867894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Mixing of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes can result in phase separation into a polymer-poor supernatant and a polymer-rich polyelectrolyte complex (PEC). We present a new coarse-grained model for the Grand-reaction method that enables us to determine the composition of the coexisting phases in a broad range of pH and salt concentrations. We validate the model by comparing it to recent simulations and experimental studies, as well as our own experiments on poly(acrylic acid)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) complexes. The simulations using our model predict that monovalent ions partition approximately equally between both phases, whereas divalent ones accumulate in the PEC phase. On a semiquantitative level, these results agree with our own experiments, as well as with other experiments and simulations in the literature. In the sequel, we use the model to study the partitioning of a weak diprotic acid at various pH values of the supernatant. Our results show that the ionization of the acid is enhanced in the PEC phase, resulting in its preferential accumulation in this phase, which monotonically increases with the pH. Currently, this effect is still waiting to be confirmed experimentally. We explore how the model parameters (particle size, charge density, permittivity, and solvent quality) affect the measured partition coefficients, showing that fine-tuning of these parameters can make the agreement with the experiments almost quantitative. Nevertheless, our results show that charge regulation in multivalent solutes can potentially be exploited in engineering the partitioning of charged molecules in PEC-based systems at various pH values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Staňo
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Physics, University of
Vienna, Boltzmanngasse
5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jéré
J. van Lente
- Department
of Molecules & Materials, University
of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Lindhoud
- Department
of Molecules & Materials, University
of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Košovan
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao W, Lin JS, Nielsen JE, Sørensen K, Wadurkar AS, Ji J, Barron AE, Nangia S, Libera MR. Supramolecular Peptoid Structure Strengthens Complexation with Polyacrylic Acid Microgels. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1274-1281. [PMID: 38240722 PMCID: PMC11046531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
We have studied the complexation between cationic antimicrobials and polyanionic microgels to create self-defensive surfaces that responsively resist bacterial colonization. An essential property is the stable sequestration of the loaded (complexed) antimicrobial within the microgel under a physiological ionic strength. Here, we assess the complexation strength between poly(acrylic acid) [PAA] microgels and a series of cationic peptoids that display supramolecular structures ranging from an oligomeric monomer to a tetramer. We follow changes in loaded microgel diameter with increasing [Na+] as a measure of the counterion doping level. Consistent with prior findings on colistin/PAA complexation, we find that a monomeric peptoid is fully released at ionic strengths well below physiological conditions, despite its +5 charge. In contrast, progressively higher degrees of peptoid supramolecular structure display progressively greater resistance to salting out, which we attribute to the greater entropic stability associated with the complexation of multimeric peptoid bundles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Jennifer S Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Josefine Eilsø Nielsen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
| | - Kristian Sørensen
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Anand Sunil Wadurkar
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Jingjing Ji
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Annelise E Barron
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Medicine & School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Matthew R Libera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Papagiannopoulos A, Sklapani A, Spiliopoulos N. Thermally stabilized chondroitin sulfate-hemoglobin nanoparticles and their interaction with bioactive compounds. Biophys Chem 2024; 304:107127. [PMID: 37952498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of nanoparticles (NPs) based on hemoglobin (Hb) with a fully biocompatible methodology is presented. The spontaneous formation of electrostatic complexes of Hb with chondroitin sulfate (CS) at pH 4 in the polysaccharide/protein mass ratio regime where charge neutrality is met leads to spherical nanostructures with monomodal hydrodynamic radii distribution in the range of 50-100 nm. The integrity of the electrostatic complexes is disturbed at pH 7 as the net electric charge of Hb is very low. Treating the NPs at mildly elevated temperature stabilizes them against the pH increase taking advantage of Hb's ability of unfolding and self-associating upon thermal treatment. The NPs surface charge is pH-tunable and changes from positive to strongly negative upon pH increase to 7 proving the presence of negative surface patches of Hb and CS segments in their exterior. The α-helix content of Hb does not change significantly by thermal treatment. The NPs are found to bind the bioactive compounds curcumin and β-carotene and are stable in solutions with high salt content. This investigation introduces a straightforward method to formulate Hb in NPs with possibilities in the nanodelivery of nutrients and drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Aggeliki Sklapani
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dahmana N, Destruel PL, Facchetti S, Braun V, Lebouc V, Marin Z, Patel S, Schwach G. Reversible protein complexes as a promising avenue for the development of high concentration formulations of biologics. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123616. [PMID: 37977291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
High concentration formulations have become an important pre-requisite in the development of biological drugs, particularly in the case of subcutaneous administration where limited injection volume negatively affects the administered dose. In this study, we propose to develop high concentration formulations of biologics using a reversible protein-polyelectrolyte complex (RPC) approach. First, the versatility of RPC was assessed using different complexing agents and formats of therapeutic proteins, to define the optimal conditions for complexation and dissociation of the complex. The stability of the protein was investigated before and after complexation, as well as upon a 4-week storage period at various temperatures. Subsequently, two approaches were selected to develop high concentration RPC formulations: first, using up-concentrated RPC suspensions in aqueous buffers, and second, by generating spray-dried RPC and further resuspension in non-aqueous solvents. Results showed that the RPC concept is applicable to a wide range of therapeutic protein formats and the complexation-dissociation process did not affect the stability of the proteins. High concentration formulations up to 200 mg/mL could be achieved by up-concentrating RPC suspensions in aqueous buffers and RPC suspensions in non-aqueous solvents were concentrated up to 250 mg/mL. Although optimization is needed, our data suggests that RPC may be a promising avenue to achieve high concentration formulations of biologics for subcutaneous administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoual Dahmana
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Louis Destruel
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Samantha Facchetti
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Braun
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Lebouc
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zana Marin
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sulabh Patel
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregoire Schwach
- Pharmaceutical Development & Supplies, PTD Biologics Europe, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nikolova NN, Martínez Narváez CDV, Hassan L, Nicholson RA, Boehm MW, Baier SK, Sharma V. Rheology and dispensing of real and vegan mayo: the chickpea or egg problem. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:9413-9427. [PMID: 38014426 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00946g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The rheology, stability, texture, and taste of mayonnaise, a dense oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion, are determined by interfacially active egg lipids and proteins. Often mayonnaise is presented as a challenging example of an egg-based food material that is hard to emulate using plant-based or vegan ingredients. In this contribution, we characterize the flow behavior of animal-based and plant-based mayo emulsions, seeking to decipher the signatures that make the real mayonnaise into such an appetizing complex fluid. We find that commercially available vegan mayos can emulate the apparent yield stress and shear thinning of yolk-based mayonnaise by the combined influence of plant-based proteins (like those extracted from chickpeas) and polysaccharide thickeners. However, we show that the dispensing and dipping behavior of egg-based and vegan mayos display striking differences in neck shape, sharpness, and length. The ratio of apparent extensional to shear yield stress value is found to be larger than the theoretically predicted square root of three for all mayo emulsions. The analysis of neck radius evolution of these extension thinning yield stress fluids reveals that even when the power law exponent governing the intermediate pinching dynamics is similar to the exponent obtained from the shear flow curve, the terminal pinching dynamics show strong local effects, possibly influenced by interstitial fluid properties, finite drop size and deformations, and capillarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia N Nikolova
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | | | - Lena Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | | | | | - Stefan K Baier
- Motif FoodWorks Inc., Boston, MA 02210, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Vivek Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Senebandith H, Li D, Srivastava S. Advances, Applications, and Emerging Opportunities in Electrostatic Hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16965-16974. [PMID: 37976453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hydrogels, which self-assemble via complexation of oppositely charged block polymers, have recently risen to prominence owing to their unique characteristics such as hierarchical microstructure, tunable bulk properties, and the ability to precisely assimilate charged cargos (i.e., proteins and nucleic acids). Significant foundational research has delineated the structure-property relationship of PEC hydrogels for use in a wide range of applications. In this Perspective, we summarize key findings on the microstructure and bulk properties of PEC hydrogels and discuss how intrinsic and extrinsic factors can be tuned to create specifically tailored PEC hydrogels with desired properties. We highlight successful applications of PEC hydrogels while offering insight into strategies to overcome their shortcomings and elaborate on emerging opportunities in the field of electrostatic self-assemblies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Senebandith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Debais G, Missoni LL, Perez Sirkin YA, Tagliazucchi M. Theoretical treatment of complex coacervate core micelles: structure and pH-induced disassembly. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7602-7612. [PMID: 37756111 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01047c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) are supramolecular soft nanostructures formed by the assembly of a block copolymer and an oppositely charged homopolymer. The coacervation of the charged segments in both macromolecules drives the formation of the core of the C3M, while the neutral block of the copolymer forms the corona. This work introduces a molecular theory (MOLT) that predicts the internal structure and stimuli-responsive properties of C3Ms and explicitly considers the chemical architecture of the polyelectrolytes, their acid-based equilibria and electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions. In order to accurately predict complex coacervation, the correlations between charged species are incorporated into MOLT as ion-pairing processes, which are modeled using a coupled chemical equilibrium formalism. Very good agreement was observed between the experimental results in the literature and MOLT predictions for the scaling relationships that relate the dimensions of the micelle (aggregation number and sizes of the micelle and the core) to the lengths of the different blocks. MOLT was used to study the disassembly of the micelles when the solution pH is driven away from the value that guarantees the charge stoichiometry of the core. This study reveals that very sharp disassembly transitions can be obtained by tuning the length or architecture of the copolymer component, thereby suggesting potential routes to design C3Ms capable of releasing their components at very precise pH values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Debais
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física y CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428, Argentina.
| | - Leandro L Missoni
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física y CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428, Argentina.
| | - Yamila A Perez Sirkin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física y CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428, Argentina.
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica Analítica y Química Física y CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Química de los Materiales, Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE), Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu B, Liang H, Nealey PF, Tirrell MV, Rumyantsev AM, de Pablo JJ. Structure and Dynamics of Hybrid Colloid-Polyelectrolyte Coacervates: Insights from Molecular Simulations. Macromolecules 2023; 56:7256-7270. [PMID: 37781214 PMCID: PMC10538443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions in polymeric systems are responsible for a wide range of liquid-liquid phase transitions that are of importance for biology and materials science. Such transitions are referred to as complex coacervation, and recent studies have sought to understand the underlying physics and chemistry. Most theoretical and simulation efforts to date have focused on oppositely charged linear polyelectrolytes, which adopt nearly ideal-coil conformations in the condensed phase. However, when one of the coacervate components is a globular protein, a better model of complexation should replace one of the species with a spherical charged particle or colloid. In this work, we perform coarse-grained simulations of colloid-polyelectrolyte coacervation using a spherical model for the colloid. Simulation results indicate that the electroneutral cell of the resulting (hybrid) coacervates consists of a polyelectrolyte layer adsorbed on the colloid. Power laws for the structure and the density of the condensed phase, which are extracted from simulations, are found to be consistent with the adsorption-based scaling theory of hybrid coacervation. The coacervates remain amorphous (disordered) at a moderate colloid charge, Q, while an intra-coacervate colloidal crystal is formed above a certain threshold, at Q > Q*. In the disordered coacervate, if Q is sufficiently low, colloids diffuse as neutral nonsticky nanoparticles in the semidilute polymer solution. For higher Q, adsorption is strong and colloids become effectively sticky. Our findings are relevant for the coacervation of polyelectrolytes with proteins, spherical micelles of ionic surfactants, and solid organic or inorganic nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Yu
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Heyi Liang
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew V. Tirrell
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Artem M. Rumyantsev
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Juan J. de Pablo
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Andrianov AK. Noncovalent PEGylation of protein and peptide therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1897. [PMID: 37138514 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical applications of protein therapeutics-an advanced generation of drugs characterized by high biological specificity-are rapidly expanding. However, their development is often impeded by unfavorable pharmacokinetic profiles and largely relies on the use of drug delivery systems to prolong their in vivo half-life and suppress undesirable immunogenicity. Although a commercially established PEGylation technology based on protein conjugation with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-protective steric shield resolves some of the challenges, the search for alternatives continues. Noncovalent PEGylation, which mainly relies on multivalent (cooperative) interactions and high affinity (host-guest) complexes formed between protein and PEG offers a number of potential advantages. Among them are dynamic or reversible protection of the protein with minimal loss of biological activity, drastically lower manufacturing costs, "mix-and-match" formulations approaches, and expanded scope of PEGylation targets. While a great number of innovative chemical approaches have been proposed in recent years, the ability to effectively control the stability of noncovalently assembled protein-PEG complexes under physiological conditions presents a serious challenge for the commercial development of the technology. In an attempt to identify critical factors affecting pharmacological behavior of noncovalently linked complexes, this Review follows a hierarchical analysis of various experimental techniques and resulting supramolecular architectures. The importance of in vivo administration routes, degradation patterns of PEGylating agents, and a multitude of potential exchange reactions with constituents of physiological compartments are highlighted. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marcelino T, Docampo MAR, Qian X, Ade C, Brodszkij E, Ceccato M, Foss M, Dulchavsky M, Bardwell JCA, Städler B. Surfaces Coated with Polymer Brushes Work as Carriers for Histidine Ammonia Lyase. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200528. [PMID: 36971346 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The immobilization of enzymes on solid supports is an important challenge in biotechnology and biomedicine. In contrast to other methods, enzyme deposition in polymer brushes offers the benefit of high protein loading that preserves enzymatic activity in part due to the hydrated 3D environment that is available within the brush structure. The authors equipped planar and colloidal silica surfaces with poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-based brushes to immobilize Thermoplasma acidophilum histidine ammonia lyase, and analyzed the amount and activity of the immobilized enzyme. The poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) brushes are attached to the solid silica supports either via a "grafting-to" or a "grafting-from" method. It is found that the grafting-from method results in higher amounts of deposited polymer and, consequently, higher amounts of Thermoplasma acidophilum histidine ammonia lyase. All polymer brush-modified surfaces show preserved catalytic activity of the deposited Thermoplasma acidophilum histidine ammonia lyase. However, immobilizing the enzyme in polymer brushes using the grafting-from method resulted in twice the enzymatic activity from the grafting-to approach, illustrating a successful enzyme deposition on a solid support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Marcelino
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Miguel A Ramos Docampo
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Xiaomin Qian
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Carina Ade
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Edit Brodszkij
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Marcel Ceccato
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Morten Foss
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Mark Dulchavsky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, University Avenue 1105 N., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James C A Bardwell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, University Avenue 1105 N., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brigitte Städler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang B, Chen D, Zhao C, Ma Y, Wang L, Yang W. A Novel Family of Stable Polyelectrolyte Complexes Based on Mixed Olefins-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37364378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the copolymer of mixed olefins included in unetherified gasoline and maleic anhydride (PUGM) was prepared by self-stabilized precipitation polymerization (2SP) and employed for the synthesis of a new family of stable polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). Polyanionic saponified PUGM partially grafted with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PUGMS-g-mPEG) and polycationic quaternized PUGM (PUGMQ) were both derived from PUGM via the facile modification of anhydride groups. The particle size, zeta potential, morphology, and stability of self-assembled PEC particles were investigated thoroughly. Strikingly, the introduction of long mPEG side chains (Mn = 4000) had a remarkable effect on the self-assembled particles, which displayed a constant particle size of ∼200 nm regardless of varying n+/n-. Moreover, it also enhanced the salt tolerance and long-term stability of PEC particles significantly. Our work not only provides an effective approach to PECs from petroleum resources with low cost but also deepens the understanding of the relationship between the chain structure of polyelectrolytes and the stability of PECs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingzheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wantai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for the Syntheses and Applications of Waterborne Polymers, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Anop H, Buitenhuis J. Polyelectrolyte Complexes from Oppositely Charged Filamentous Viruses. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4545-4556. [PMID: 36947868 PMCID: PMC10077591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present an explorative study on a new type of polyelectrolyte complex made from chemically modified filamentous fd viruses. The fd virus is a semiflexible rod-shaped bacteriophage with a length of 880 nm and a diameter of 6.6 nm, which has been widely used as a well-defined model system of colloidal rods to investigate phase, flow, and other behavior. Here, chemically modified viruses have been prepared to obtain two types with opposite electrical charges in addition to a steric stabilization layer by poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) grafting. The complex formation of stoichiometric mixtures of these oppositely charged viruses is studied as a function of virus and salt concentration. Furthermore, static light scattering measurements show a varying, strong increase in scattering intensity in some samples without visual macroscopic complex formation. Finally, the results of the complex formation are rationalized by comparing to model calculations on the pair interaction potential between oppositely charged viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Anop
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich, IBI-4, Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Cordouan
Technologies, Cité
de la Photonique, 11 Avenue Canteranne, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Johan Buitenhuis
- Forschungszentrum
Jülich, IBI-4, Biomacromolecular Systems and Processes, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pimenta BV, Madrid RRM, Mathews PD, Riske KA, Loh W, Angelov B, Angelova A, Mertins O. Interaction of polyelectrolyte-shell cubosomes with serum albumin for triggering drug release in gastrointestinal cancer. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2490-2503. [PMID: 36852541 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02670h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nano-structured and functionalized materials for encapsulation, transport, targeting and controlled release of drugs are of high interest to overcome low bioavailability in oral administration. We develop lipid-based cubosomes, which are surface-functionalized with biocompatible chitosan-N-arginine and alginate, displaying internal liquid crystalline structures. Polyelectrolyte-shell (PS) cubosomes have pH-responsive characteristics profitable for oral delivery. The obtained PScubosomes can strongly interact with serum albumin, a protein which is released in the stomach under gastric cancer conditions. An effective thermodynamic PScubosome-protein interaction was characterized at pH 2.0 and 7.4 by isothermal titration calorimetry at 37 °C. A high increment of the albumin conformation transition temperature was evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry upon incubation with PScubosomes. The performed structural studies by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed essential alterations in the internal liquid crystalline topology of the nanocarriers including an Im3m to Pn3m transition and a reduction of the cubic lattice parameters. The PScubosome nanoparticle interaction with serum albumin, leading to inner structural changes in a range of temperatures, promoted the release of water from the cubosomal nanochannels. Altogether, the results revealed effective interactions of the PScubosomes with albumin under simulated gastrointestinal pH conditions and suggested promising nanocarrier characteristics for triggered oral drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara V Pimenta
- Laboratory of Nano Bio Materials (LNBM), Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), 04023-062 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rafael R M Madrid
- Laboratory of Nano Bio Materials (LNBM), Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), 04023-062 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Patrick D Mathews
- Laboratory of Nano Bio Materials (LNBM), Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), 04023-062 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Karin A Riske
- Laboratory of Nano Bio Materials (LNBM), Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), 04023-062 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Watson Loh
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Borislav Angelov
- Institute of Physics, ELI Beamlines, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Angelina Angelova
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Omar Mertins
- Laboratory of Nano Bio Materials (LNBM), Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), 04023-062 Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Herrera SE, Agazzi ML, Apuzzo E, Cortez ML, Marmisollé WA, Tagliazucchi M, Azzaroni O. Polyelectrolyte-multivalent molecule complexes: physicochemical properties and applications. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:2013-2041. [PMID: 36811333 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01507b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The complexation of polyelectrolytes with other oppositely charged structures gives rise to a great variety of functional materials with potential applications in a wide spectrum of technological fields. Depending on the assembly conditions, polyelectrolyte complexes can acquire different macroscopic configurations such as dense precipitates, nanosized colloids and liquid coacervates. In the past 50 years, much progress has been achieved to understand the principles behind the phase separation induced by the interaction of two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions, especially for symmetric systems (systems in which both polyions have similar molecular weight and concentration). However, in recent years, the complexation of polyelectrolytes with alternative building blocks such as small charged molecules (multivalent inorganic species, oligopeptides, and oligoamines, among others) has gained attention in different areas. In this review, we discuss the physicochemical characteristics of the complexes formed by polyelectrolytes and multivalent small molecules, putting a special emphasis on their similarities with the well-known polycation-polyanion complexes. In addition, we analyze the potential of these complexes to act as versatile functional platforms in various technological fields, such as biomedicine and advanced materials engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago E Herrera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina.
| | - Maximiliano L Agazzi
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Agroindustrial y de la Salud (IDAS), (UNRC, CONICET), Ruta Nacional 36 KM 601, 5800 Río Cuarto, Argentina.
| | - Eugenia Apuzzo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - M Lorena Cortez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Waldemar A Marmisollé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Mario Tagliazucchi
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, INQUIMAE, CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina.
| | - Omar Azzaroni
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), (UNLP, CONICET), Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chountoulesi M, Selianitis D, Pispas S, Pippa N. Recent Advances on PEO-PCL Block and Graft Copolymers as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2298. [PMID: 36984177 PMCID: PMC10056975 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) is a family of block (or graft) copolymers with several biomedical applications. These types of copolymers are well-known for their good biocompatibility and biodegradability properties, being ideal for biomedical applications and for the formation of a variety of nanosystems intended for controlled drug release. The aim of this review is to present the applications and the properties of different nanocarriers derived from PEO-PCL block and graft copolymers. Micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, drug conjugates, nanocapsules, and hybrid polymer-lipid nanoparticles, such as hybrid liposomes, are the main categories of PEO-PCL based nanocarriers loaded with different active ingredients. The advantages and the limitations in preclinical studies are also discussed in depth. PEO-PCL based nanocarriers could be the next generation of delivery systems with fast clinical translation. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of the PEO-PCL based nanocarriers are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chountoulesi
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Selianitis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Atakay M. Monitoring Conformational Changes of Lysozyme–Polyelectrolyte Complexes Using Trapped Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry (IM-MS). ANAL LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2023.2173768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Atakay
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Calix[4]Resorcinarene Carboxybetaines and Carboxybetaine Esters: Synthesis, Investigation of In Vitro Toxicity, Anti-Platelet Effects, Anticoagulant Activity, and BSA Binding Affinities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315298. [PMID: 36499625 PMCID: PMC9740030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of bright complexation properties, easy functionalization and the ability to self-organize in an aqueous solution, amphiphilic supramolecular macrocycles are being actively studied for their application in nanomedicine (drug delivery systems, therapeutic and theranostic agents, and others). In this regard, it is important to study their potential toxic effects. Here, the synthesis of amphiphilic calix[4]resorcinarene carboxybetaines and their esters and the study of a number of their microbiological properties are presented: cytotoxic effect on normal and tumor cells and effect on cellular and non-cellular components of blood (hemotoxicity, anti-platelet effect, and anticoagulant activity). Additionally, the interaction of macrocycles with bovine serum albumin as a model plasma protein is estimated by various methods (fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroic spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering). The results demonstrate the low toxicity of the macrocycles, their anti-platelet effects at the level of acetylsalicylic acid, and weak anticoagulant activity. The study of BSA-macrocycle interactions demonstrates the dependence on macrocycle hydrophilic/hydrophobic group structure; in the case of carboxybetaines, the formation of complexes prevents self-aggregation of BSA molecules in solution. The present study demonstrates new data on potential drug delivery nanosystems based on amphiphilic calix[4]resorcinarenes for their cytotoxicity and effects on blood components.
Collapse
|
20
|
Marin A, Taraban MB, Patel V, Yu YB, Andrianov AK. Supramolecular Protein-Polyelectrolyte Assembly at Near Physiological Conditions-Water Proton NMR, ITC, and DLS Study. Molecules 2022; 27:7424. [PMID: 36364250 PMCID: PMC9656440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vivo potency of polyphosphazene immunoadjuvants is inherently linked to the ability of these ionic macromolecules to assemble with antigenic proteins in aqueous solutions and form physiologically stable supramolecular complexes. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of interactions in this biologically relevant system is a prerequisite for a better understanding of mechanism of immunoadjuvant activity. Present study explores a self-assembly of polyphosphazene immunoadjuvant-PCPP and a model antigen-lysozyme in a physiologically relevant environment-saline solution and neutral pH. Three analytical techniques were employed to characterize reaction thermodynamics, water-solute structural organization, and supramolecular dimensions: isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), water proton nuclear magnetic resonance (wNMR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The formation of lysozyme-PCPP complexes at near physiological conditions was detected by all methods and the avidity was modulated by a physical state and dimensions of the assemblies. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the dissociation constant in micromolar range and the dominance of enthalpy factor in interactions, which is in line with previously suggested model of protein charge anisotropy and small persistence length of the polymer favoring the formation of high affinity complexes. The paper reports advantageous use of wNMR method for studying protein-polymer interactions, especially for low protein-load complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Marc B. Taraban
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Vanshika Patel
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Y. Bruce Yu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alexander K. Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cai H, Wang Z, Utomo NW, Vidavsky Y, Silberstein MN. Highly stretchable ionically crosslinked acrylate elastomers inspired by polyelectrolyte complexes. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:7679-7688. [PMID: 36173254 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00755j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic bonds are a powerful approach to tailor the mechanical properties of elastomers and introduce shape-memory, self-healing, and recyclability. Among the library of dynamic crosslinks, electrostatic interactions among oppositely charged ions have been shown to enable tough and resilient elastomers and hydrogels. In this work, we investigate the mechanical properties of ionically crosslinked ethyl acrylate-based elastomers assembled from oppositely charged copolymers. Using both infrared and Raman spectroscopy, we confirm that ionic interactions are established among polymer chains. We find that the glass transition temperature of the complex is in between the two individual copolymers, while the complex demonstrates higher stiffness and more recovery, indicating that ionic bonds can strengthen and enhance recovery of these elastomers. We compare cycles to increasing strain levels at different strain rates, and hypothesize that at fast strain rates ionic bonds dynamically break and reform while entanglements do not have time to slip, and at slow strain rates ionic interactions are disrupted and these entanglements slip significantly. Further, we show that a higher ionic to neutral monomer ratio can increase the stiffness, but its effect on recovery is minimal. Finally, taking advantage of the versatility of acrylates, ethyl acrylate is replaced with the more hydrophilic 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and the latter is shown to exhibit better recovery and self-healing at a cost of stiffness and strength. The design principles uncovered for these easy-to-manufacture polyelectrolyte complex-inspired bulk materials can be broadly applied to tailor elastomer stiffness, strength, inelastic recovery, and self-healing for various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Zhongtong Wang
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Nyalaliska W Utomo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yuval Vidavsky
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Meredith N Silberstein
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bashir Z, Yu W, Xu Z, Li Y, Lai J, Li Y, Cao Y, Xue B. Engineering Bio-Adhesives Based on Protein–Polysaccharide Phase Separation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179987. [PMID: 36077375 PMCID: PMC9456018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glue-type bio-adhesives are in high demand for many applications, including hemostasis, wound closure, and integration of bioelectronic devices, due to their injectable ability and in situ adhesion. However, most glue-type bio-adhesives cannot be used for short-term tissue adhesion due to their weak instant cohesion. Here, we show a novel glue-type bio-adhesive based on the phase separation of proteins and polysaccharides by functionalizing polysaccharides with dopa. The bio-adhesive exhibits increased adhesion performance and enhanced phase separation behaviors. Because of the cohesion from phase separation and adhesion from dopa, the bio-adhesive shows excellent instant and long-term adhesion performance for both organic and inorganic substrates. The long-term adhesion strength of the bio-glue on wet tissues reached 1.48 MPa (shear strength), while the interfacial toughness reached ~880 J m−2. Due to the unique phase separation behaviors, the bio-glue can even work normally in aqueous environments. At last, the feasibility of this glue-type bio-adhesive in the adhesion of various visceral tissues in vitro was demonstrated to have excellent biocompatibility. Given the convenience of application, biocompatibility, and robust bio-adhesion, we anticipate the bio-glue may find broad biomedical and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoobia Bashir
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenting Yu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Zhengyu Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yiran Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiancheng Lai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (B.X.)
| | - Yi Cao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Bin Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (B.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Javan Nikkhah S, Vandichel M. Modeling Polyzwitterion-Based Drug Delivery Platforms: A Perspective of the Current State-of-the-Art and Beyond. ACS ENGINEERING AU 2022; 2:274-294. [PMID: 35996394 PMCID: PMC9389590 DOI: 10.1021/acsengineeringau.2c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Drug delivery platforms
are anticipated to have biocompatible and
bioinert surfaces. PEGylation of drug carriers is the most approved
method since it improves water solubility and colloid stability and
decreases the drug vehicles’ interactions with blood components.
Although this approach extends their biocompatibility, biorecognition
mechanisms prevent them from biodistribution and thus efficient drug
transfer. Recent studies have shown (poly)zwitterions to be alternatives
for PEG with superior biocompatibility. (Poly)zwitterions are super
hydrophilic, mainly stimuli-responsive, easy to functionalize and
they display an extremely low protein adsorption and long biodistribution
time. These unique characteristics make them already promising candidates
as drug delivery carriers. Furthermore, since they have highly dense
charged groups with opposite signs, (poly)zwitterions are intensely
hydrated under physiological conditions. This exceptional hydration
potential makes them ideal for the design of therapeutic vehicles
with antifouling capability, i.e., preventing undesired
sorption of biologics from the human body in the drug delivery vehicle.
Therefore, (poly)zwitterionic materials have been broadly applied
in stimuli-responsive “intelligent” drug delivery systems
as well as tumor-targeting carriers because of their excellent biocompatibility,
low cytotoxicity, insignificant immunogenicity, high stability, and
long circulation time. To tailor (poly)zwitterionic drug vehicles,
an interpretation of the structural and stimuli-responsive behavior
of this type of polymer is essential. To this end, a direct study
of molecular-level interactions, orientations, configurations, and
physicochemical properties of (poly)zwitterions is required, which
can be achieved via molecular modeling, which has become an influential
tool for discovering new materials and understanding diverse material
phenomena. As the essential bridge between science and engineering,
molecular simulations enable the fundamental understanding of the
encapsulation and release behavior of intelligent drug-loaded (poly)zwitterion
nanoparticles and can help us to systematically design their next
generations. When combined with experiments, modeling can make quantitative
predictions. This perspective article aims to illustrate key recent
developments in (poly)zwitterion-based drug delivery systems. We summarize
how to use predictive multiscale molecular modeling techniques to
successfully boost the development of intelligent multifunctional
(poly)zwitterions-based systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sousa Javan Nikkhah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| | - Matthias Vandichel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Republic of Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao S, Srivastava S. Comb Polyelectrolytes Stabilize Complex Coacervate Microdroplet Dispersions. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:902-909. [PMID: 35786870 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Complex coacervate microdroplets are membraneless compartments that selectively sequester biological molecules from their surroundings and enhance bioreactions. Yet, their use as protocell models and bioreactors has been limited owing to a lack of feasible strategies to prevent their uncontrolled coalescence. Herein, we introduce an approach to mitigate coalescence of complex coacervate microdroplets using comb polyelectrolytes as stabilizers, creating complex coacervate dispersions with months-long stabilities. Tunability of microdroplet size and stability is achieved by the regulation of comb polyelectrolyte concentration and molecular weight. Importantly, the comb polyelectrolyte-stabilized coacervate microdroplets spontaneously sequester and retain proteins over extended periods. Moreover, enhanced catalytic activity of proteins and significant (up to 10-fold) acceleration of bioreactions are achieved in stabilized complex coacervate dispersions, even when stored for up to 48 h. Our findings are expected to expand the utility of complex coacervate microdroplets as artificial protocells, encapsulants, and bioreactors and also facilitate their use in pharmaceutical, agricultural, food, and cosmetics formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Center for Biological Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fay JM, Lim C, Finkelstein A, Batrakova EV, Kabanov AV. PEG-Free Polyion Complex Nanocarriers for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071391. [PMID: 35890287 PMCID: PMC9317007 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Many therapeutic formulations incorporate poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a stealth component to minimize early clearance. However, PEG is immunogenic and susceptible to accelerated clearance after multiple administrations. Here, we present two novel reformulations of a polyion complex (PIC), originally composed of poly(ethylene glycol)113-b-poly(glutamic acid)50 (PEG-PLE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), termed Nano-BDNF (Nano-BDNF PEG-PLE). We replace the PEG based block copolymer with two new polymers, poly(sarcosine)127-b-poly(glutamic acid)50 (PSR-PLE) and poly(methyl-2-oxazolines)38-b-poly(oxazolepropanoic acid)27-b-poly(methyl-2-oxazoline)38 (PMeOx-PPaOx-PMeOx), which are driven to association with BDNF via electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding to form a PIC. Formulation using a microfluidic mixer yields small and narrowly disperse nanoparticles which associate following similar principles. Additionally, we demonstrate that encapsulation does not inhibit access by the receptor kinase, which affects BDNF’s physiologic benefits. Finally, we investigate the formation of nascent nanoparticles through a series of characterization experiments and isothermal titration experiments which show the effects of pH in the context of particle self-assembly. Our findings indicate that thoughtful reformulation of PEG based, therapeutic PICs with non-PEG alternatives can be accomplished without compromising the self-assembly of the PIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Fay
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7362, USA; (J.M.F.); (C.L.); (E.V.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA
| | - Chaemin Lim
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7362, USA; (J.M.F.); (C.L.); (E.V.B.)
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA
| | - Anna Finkelstein
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7362, USA; (J.M.F.); (C.L.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Elena V. Batrakova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7362, USA; (J.M.F.); (C.L.); (E.V.B.)
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7362, USA; (J.M.F.); (C.L.); (E.V.B.)
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7260, USA
- Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li D, Göckler T, Schepers U, Srivastava S. Polyelectrolyte Complex-Covalent Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Defu Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tobias Göckler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Center for Biological Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Institute for Carbon Management, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Efremov VV, Karpushkin EA, Litmanovich EA. The Effect of Microbarite Additive on Rheological Properties of Semidilute Aqueous-Saline Solutions of Polyanionic Cellulose. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x22030105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Zhang R, Han Y, Xie W, Liu F, Chen S. Advances in Protein-Based Nanocarriers of Bioactive Compounds: From Microscopic Molecular Principles to Macroscopical Structural and Functional Attributes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6354-6367. [PMID: 35603429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many proteins can be used to fabricate nanocarriers for encapsulation, protection, and controlled release of nutraceuticals. This review examined the protein-based nanocarriers from microscopic molecular characteristics to the macroscopical structural and functional attributes. Structural, physical, and chemical properties of protein-based nanocarriers were introduced in detail. The spatial size, shape, water dispersibility, colloidal stability, etc. of protein-based nanocarriers were largely determined by the molecular physicochemical principles of protein. Different preparative techniques, including antisolvent precipitation, pH-driven, electrospray, and gelation methods, among others, can be used to fabricate different protein-based nanocarriers. Various modifications based on physical, chemical, and enzymatic approaches can be used to improve the functional performance of these nanocarriers. Protein is a natural resource with a wide range of sources, including plant, animal, and microbial, which are usually used to fabricate the nanocarriers. Protein-based nanocarriers have many advantages in aid of the application of bioactive ingredients to the medical, food, and cosmetic industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Xie
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 115 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
De R, Song YH, Mahata MK, Lee KT. pH-responsive polyelectrolyte complexation on upconversion nanoparticles: a multifunctional nanocarrier for protection, delivery, and 3D-imaging of therapeutic protein. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3420-3433. [PMID: 35389393 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The delicate tertiary structure of proteins, their susceptibility to heat- and enzyme-induced irreversible denaturation, and their tendency to get accumulated at the cell membrane during uptake are daunting challenges in proteinaceous therapeutic delivery. Herein, a polyelectrolyte complex having encapsulated therapeutic protein has been designed on the surface of upconverting luminescent nanoparticles (NaYF4:20%Yb3+,2%Er3+). This nanosized complex system has been found to overcome the challenges of protein aggregation at the cell membrane. It has also defended the cargo from denaturation against (a) enzymatic action of proteinase K and (b) heat (up to 60 °C). Additionally, the nanoparticles at the core of the loaded carrier served as near-infrared (980 nm) responsive probe to accomplish extended-duration 3D imaging during protein delivery. The outer layer of polymer played pivotal role to protect/retrieve the protein structure from denaturation as investigated by circular dichroism studies. Both the masked surface-charges of protein and the nanoscale size of the loaded carrier have facilitated their efficient passage through the cell membrane as observed through 3D images/videos. This nanocarrier is the first of its kind for direct delivery of protein. Thus, the findings can be useful to protect and transport various proteinaceous materials to overcome challenges of accumulation at the cell-membrane and low-temperature storage, as nature does.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit De
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, South Korea. .,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Yo Han Song
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, South Korea.
| | - Manoj Kumar Mahata
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, South Korea. .,Drittes Physikalisches Institut - Biophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kang Taek Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vranckx C, Lambricht L, Préat V, Cornu O, Dupont-Gillain C, Vander Straeten A. Layer-by-Layer Nanoarchitectonics Using Protein-Polyelectrolyte Complexes toward a Generalizable Tool for Protein Surface Immobilization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:5579-5589. [PMID: 35481352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly is an attractive method for the immobilization of macromolecules at interfaces. Integrating proteins in LbL thin films is however challenging due to their polyampholyte nature. Recently, we developed a method to integrate lysozyme into multilayers using protein-polyelectrolytes complexes (PPCs). In this work, we extended this method to a wide range of protein-polyelectrolyte combinations. We demonstrated the robustness and versatility of PPCs as building blocks. LL-37, insulin, lysozyme, and glucose oxidase were complexed with alginate, poly(styrenesulfonate), heparin, and poly(allylamine hydrochloride). The resulting PPCs were then LbL self-assembled with chitosan, PAH, and heparin. We demonstrated that multilayers built with PPCs are thicker compared to the LbL self-assembly of bare protein molecules. This is attributed to the higher mass of protein in the multilayers and/or the more hydrated state of the assemblies. PPCs enabled the self-assembly of proteins that could otherwise not be LbL assembled with a PE or with another protein. Furthermore, the results also show that LbL with PPCs enabled the construction of multilayers combining different proteins, highlighting the formation of multifunctional films. Importantly, we show that the adsorption behavior and thus the multilayer growth strongly depend on the nature of the protein and polyelectrolyte used. In this work, we elaborated a rationale to help and guide the use of PPCs for protein LbL assembly. It will therefore be beneficial to the many scientific communities willing to modify interfaces with hard-to-immobilize proteins and peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Vranckx
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laure Lambricht
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Véronique Préat
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Advanced Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Cornu
- Neuro-Musculo-Skeletal Pole, Experimental and Clinical Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Department, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dupont-Gillain
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Vander Straeten
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur, 1 bte L4.01.10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kembaren R, Kleijn JM, Borst JW, Kamperman M, Hofman AH. Enhanced stability of complex coacervate core micelles following different core-crosslinking strategies. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3052-3062. [PMID: 35363245 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00088a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) are formed by mixing aqueous solutions of a charged (bio)macromolecule with an oppositely charged-neutral hydrophilic diblock copolymer. The stability of these structures is dependent on the ionic strength of the solution; above a critical ionic strength, the micelles will completely disintegrate. This instability at high ionic strengths is the main drawback for their application in, e.g., drug delivery systems or protein protection. In addition, the stability of C3Ms composed of weak polyelectrolytes is pH-dependent as well. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of covalent crosslinking of the complex coacervate core to improve the stability of C3Ms. We studied the formation of C3Ms using a quaternized and amine-functionalized cationic-neutral diblock copolymer, poly(2-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (QP2VP-b-PEO), and an anionic homopolymer, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Two different core-crosslinking strategies were employed that resulted in crosslinks between both types of polyelectrolyte chains in the core (i.e., between QP2VP and PAA) or in crosslinks between polyelectrolyte chains of the same type only (i.e., QP2VP). For these two strategies we used the crosslinkers 1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and dimethyl-3,3'-dithiopropionimidate dihydrochloride (DTBP), respectively. EDC provides permanent crosslinks, while DTBP crosslinks can be broken by a reducing agent. Dynamic light scattering showed that both approaches significantly improved the stability of C3Ms against salt and pH changes. Furthermore, reduction of the disulphide bridges in the DTBP core-crosslinked micelles largely restored the original salt-stability profile. Therefore, this feature provides an excellent starting point for the application of C3Ms in controlled release formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riahna Kembaren
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microspectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Mieke Kleijn
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microspectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kamperman
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anton H Hofman
- Polymer Science, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Papagiannopoulos A, Selianitis D, Chroni A, Allwang J, Li Y, Papadakis CM. Preparation of trypsin-based nanoparticles, colloidal properties and ability to bind bioactive compounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:678-687. [PMID: 35341884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) based on the proteolytic enzyme trypsin (TRY) were prepared by a biocompatible methodology. TRY co-assembled with the anionic polysaccharide chondroitin sulfate (CS) in complexes with well-defined distributions of radii in the range of 100-200 nm by electrostatic complexation at acidic conditions. At pH 7 the complexes were unstable and lost their monomodal size distribution which is potentially related to TRY's weak positive net surface charge and a large negative charge patch that forms at neutral pH. Thermal treatment at conditions which were not expected to interfere with TRY's proteolytic activity was used to stabilize the complexes into NPs that resisted disintegration at pH 7 taking advantage of the ability of the TRY globules to thermally aggregate. The secondary conformation of TRY within the NPs was found fairly unperturbed even after thermal treatment which is crucial for its physiological function. The CS-TRY NPs could bind and encapsulate the bioactive substances curcumin (CUR) and β-carotene (β-C) owing to TRY's hydrophobic domains. The CS-TRY NPs may be considered as a platform for the immobilized active enzyme and multifunctional NPs for hydrophobic bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Selianitis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Angeliki Chroni
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Johannes Allwang
- Soft Matter Physics Group, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yanan Li
- Soft Matter Physics Group, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christine M Papadakis
- Soft Matter Physics Group, Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Simončič M, Lukšič M. Modulating Role of Co-Solutes in Complexation between Bovine Serum Albumin and Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1245. [PMID: 35335575 PMCID: PMC8953846 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The action of three types of co-solutes: (i) salts (NaCl, NaBr, NaI), (ii) polymer (polyethylene glycol; PEG-400, PEG-3000, PEG-20000), and (iii) sugars (sucrose, sucralose) on the complexation between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) was studied. Three critical pH parameters were extracted from the pH dependence of the solution’s turbidity: pHc corresponding to the formation of the soluble complexes, pHΦ corresponding to the formation of the insoluble complexes, and pHopt corresponding to the charge neutralization of the complexes. In the presence of salts, the formation of soluble and insoluble complexes as well as the charge neutralization of complexes was hindered, which is a consequence of the electrostatic screening of attractive interactions between BSA and NaPSS. Distinct anion-specific trends were observed in which the stabilizing effect of the salt increased in the order: NaCl < NaBr < NaI. The presence of PEG, regardless of its molecular weight, showed no measurable effect on the formation of soluble complexes. PEG-400 and PEG-3000 showed no effect on the formation of insoluble complexes, but PEG-20000 in high concentrations promoted their formation due to the molecular crowding effect. The presence of sugar molecules had little effect on BSA-NaPSS complexation. Sucralose showed a minor stabilizing effect with respect to the onset of complex formation, which was due to its propensity to the protein surface. This was confirmed by the fluorescence quenching assay (Stern-Volmer relationship) and all-atom MD simulations. This study highlights that when evaluating the modulatory effect of co-solutes on protein-polyelectrolyte interactions, (co-solute)-protein interactions and their subsequent impact on protein aggregation must also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Simončič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Lukšič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Javan Nikkhah S, Cazade PA, McManus JJ, Thompson D. Design Rules for Antibody Delivery by Self-Assembled Block-Copolyelectrolyte Nanocapsules. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sousa Javan Nikkhah
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Pierre A. Cazade
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jennifer J. McManus
- H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Neofytos DD, Papagiannopoulos A, Chrysina ED, Pispas S. Formation and physicochemical properties of glycogen phosphorylase in complex with a cationic polyelectrolyte. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:371-380. [PMID: 35240213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (RMGPb) in electrostatic complexes with the cationic polyelectrolyte poly 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate in its quenched form (QPDMAEMA) was studied in two buffer solutions. In the N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (BES) buffer, large complexes of RMGPb-QPDMAEMA were formed which adopted smaller sizes as QPDMAEMA concentration increased. However, in N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (HEPES) buffer, the hydrodynamic radius of the formed complexes gradually increased as the polymer concentration increased. Zeta potential measurements (ζp) showed that RMGPb significantly changed the ζp of the QPDMAEMA aggregates. Fluorescence studies showed that the interaction between RMGPb and QPDMAEAMA was enhanced as polymer concentration increased. Specifically, 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence indicated that in the BES buffer the aggregates became denser as more QPDMAEMA was added, while in the HEPES buffer the density of the formed structures decreased. RMGPb's secondary structure was examined by Attenuated Total Reflection - Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Circular Dichroism (CD) showing that QPDMAEMA interaction with RMGPb does not induce any changes to the secondary structure of the enzyme. These observations suggest that cationic polyelectrolytes may be utilized for the formulation of RMGPb in multifunctional nanostructures and be further exploited in innovative biotechnology applications and bioinspired materials development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios D Neofytos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Evangelia D Chrysina
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Recent Progress on Heparin–Protamine Particles for Biomedical Application. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050932. [PMID: 35267754 PMCID: PMC8912589 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules are attractive building blocks with self-assembly ability, structural diversity, and excellent functionality for creating artificial materials. Heparin and protamine, a clinically relevant pair of biomolecules used in cardiac and vascular surgery, have been shown to coassemble into particulate polyelectrolyte complexes in vitro. The resulting heparin–protamine particles exhibit adhesive properties that enable advantageous interactions with proteins, cells, and various other substances and have been employed as functional materials for biomedical applications. In this review article, we summarize recent progress in research on the use of heparin–protamine particles as drug carriers, cell adhesives, and cell labels. Studies have demonstrated that heparin–protamine particles are potentially versatile in biomedical fields from drug delivery and regenerative medicine to plastic surgery.
Collapse
|
37
|
Vardaxi A, Kafetzi M, Pispas S. Polymeric Nanostructures Containing Proteins and Peptides for Pharmaceutical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:777. [PMID: 35215689 PMCID: PMC8877994 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last three decades, proteins and peptides have attracted great interest as drugs of choice for combating a broad spectrum of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cancer, and infectious and neurological diseases. However, the delivery of therapeutic proteins to target sites should take into account the obstacles and limitations related to their intrinsic sensitivity to different environmental conditions, fragile tertiary structures, and short half-life. Polymeric nanostructures have emerged as competent vehicles for protein delivery, as they are multifunctional and can be tailored according to their peculiarities. Thus, the enhanced bioavailability and biocompatibility, the adjustable control of physicochemical features, and the colloidal stability of polymer-based nanostructures further enable either the embedding or conjugation of hydrophobic or hydrophilic bioactive molecules, which are some of the features of paramount importance that they possess and which contribute to their selection as vehicles. The present review aims to discuss the prevalent nanostructures composed of block copolymers from the viewpoint of efficient protein hospitality and administration, as well as the up-to-date scientific publications and anticipated applications of polymeric nanovehicles containing proteins and peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (A.V.); (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhao F, Sharma G, Wangpimool K, Kim JC. Synthesis of hydrophobically modified alginate and hydrophobically modified gelatin containing cubic phase for pH- and salt-responsive release of fructose diphosphate. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-04948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
39
|
Mustafa AZ, Kent B, Chapman R, Stenzel MH. Fluorescence enables high throughput screening of polyelectrolyte–protein binding affinities. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01056a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in combination with high throughput controlled radical polymerisation allows quick identification of polymers that can bind strongly to enzymes such as glucose oxidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Z. Mustafa
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ben Kent
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Robert Chapman
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fay JM, Kabanov AV. Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes as an Emerging Technology for Pharmaceutical Delivery of Polypeptides. REVIEWS AND ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9987408 DOI: 10.1134/s2634827622600177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complexes and the derivatives thereof comprise some of the most promising vehicles for the encapsulation and delivery of macromolecular therapeutics. In particular, protein therapeutics, which present a host of special considerations, can often be effectively packaged and delivered using interpolyelectrolyte complexes. While the technologies are still in the developmental phase, there are numerous examples of complexes where control is exerted over spacial and temporal delivery of a model protein cargo or candidate protein therapeutic agent. Here we provide a historical and practical background to promote a deeper understanding of interpolyelectrolyte complexes and the derivative technologies. Additionally, we review the physical principles underlying the association of polyelectrolyte complexes and the application of those principles to novel strategies and technologies driving interpolyelectrolyte complexation. Then, the application of polyelectrolyte complex technology to protein therapeutics is discussed in detail including discussions of several types of protein cargo with a special emphasis on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Finally, we focus on the use of stealth polymers in block ionomer complexes, specifically PEG; its benefits, flaws, and possible alternatives. Comprehensive understanding of the field may promote the continued development of derivative technologies for the delivery of particularly intransigent protein therapeutics, much as has been accomplished for small molecule drugs. We also aim to link current advances to the historical developments which inaugurated the field. With consideration to the field, industrial and academic researchers can utilize the discussed technologies and continue to elucidate novel modalities for a myriad of therapeutic and commercial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Fay
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, NC 27599-7362 Chapel Hill, USA ,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, NC 27599-7260 Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Alexander V. Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, NC 27599-7362 Chapel Hill, USA ,Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, NC 27599-7260 Chapel Hill, USA ,Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rational design of nanocarriers based on gellan gum/retrograded starch exploiting polyelectrolyte complexation and ionic cross-linking processes: A potential technological platform for oral delivery of bevacizumab. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
42
|
Influence of divalent ions on composition and viscoelasticity of polyelectrolyte complexes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
43
|
Holkar A, Toledo J, Srivastava S. Structure of
nanoparticle‐polyelectrolyte
complexes: Effects of polyelectrolyte characteristics and charge ratio. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Advait Holkar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Jesse Toledo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Samanvaya Srivastava
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- California NanoSystems Institute University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Center for Biological Physics University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Institute for Carbon Management University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Heo TY, Kim S, Chen L, Sokolova A, Lee S, Choi SH. Molecular Exchange Kinetics in Complex Coacervate Core Micelles: Role of Associative Interaction. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1138-1144. [PMID: 35549078 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular exchange dynamics between spherical complex coacervate core micelles (C3Ms) are documented using time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering measurements (TR-SANS), and the effects of salt concentration, type of charges, and core block polydispersity to the chain exchange are quantified. Isotopically labeled block copolyelectrolytes were prepared by postpolymerization modification of two nearly identical poly(ethylene oxide-b-allyl glycidyl ether), one with normal and the other with deuterated PEO blocks (i.e., hPEO-PAGE and dPEO-PAGE). The observed rates at multiple salt concentrations are consolidated using time-salt superposition shift factors representing chain exchange rates and analyzed. Our comprehensive analytical relaxation function based on the sticky-Rouse model and the thermodynamic barrier for core block extraction successfully describes the molecular exchange kinetics between the isotopically labeled C3Ms. We believe this work provides fundamental design criteria for C3Ms with engineered chain exchange dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Heo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Liwen Chen
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Anna Sokolova
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Soo-Hyung Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wanasingha N, Dorishetty P, Dutta NK, Choudhury NR. Polyelectrolyte Gels: Fundamentals, Fabrication and Applications. Gels 2021; 7:148. [PMID: 34563034 PMCID: PMC8482214 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte gels are an important class of polymer gels and a versatile platform with charged polymer networks with ionisable groups. They have drawn significant recent attention as a class of smart material and have demonstrated potential for a variety of applications. This review begins with the fundamentals of polyelectrolyte gels, which encompass various classifications (i.e., origin, charge, shape) and crucial aspects (ionic conductivity and stimuli responsiveness). It further centralises recent developments of polyelectrolyte gels, emphasising their synthesis, structure-property relationships and responsive properties. Sequentially, this review demonstrates how polyelectrolyte gels' flourishing properties create attractiveness to a range of applications including tissue engineering, drug delivery, actuators and bioelectronics. Finally, the review outlines the indisputable appeal, further improvements and emerging trends in polyelectrolyte gels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naba K. Dutta
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (N.W.); (P.D.)
| | - Namita Roy Choudhury
- School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (N.W.); (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Marras AE, Ting JM, Stevens KC, Tirrell MV. Advances in the Structural Design of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7076-7089. [PMID: 34160221 PMCID: PMC9282648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte complex micelles (PCMs) are a unique class of self-assembled nanoparticles that form with a core of associated polycations and polyanions, microphase-separated from neutral, hydrophilic coronas in aqueous solution. The hydrated nature and structural and chemical versatility make PCMs an attractive system for delivery and for fundamental polymer physics research. By leveraging block copolymer design with controlled self-assembly, fundamental structure-property relationships can be established to tune the size, morphology, and stability of PCMs precisely in pursuit of tailored nanocarriers, ultimately offering storage, protection, transport, and delivery of active ingredients. This perspective highlights recent advances in predictive PCM design, focusing on (i) structure-property relationships to target specific nanoscale dimensions and shapes and (ii) characterization of PCM dynamics primarily using time-resolved scattering techniques. We present several vignettes from these two emerging areas of PCM research and discuss key opportunities for PCM design to advance precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Marras
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Ting
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kaden C Stevens
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew V Tirrell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shah S, Leon L. Structural dynamics, phase behavior, and applications of polyelectrolyte complex micelles. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
48
|
Prabhu VM. Interfacial tension in polyelectrolyte systems exhibiting associative liquid–liquid phase separation. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
49
|
Sproncken CM, Magana JR, Voets IK. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Attractive Soft Matter: Association Kinetics, Dynamics, and Pathway Complexity in Electrostatically Coassembled Micelles. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:167-179. [PMID: 33628618 PMCID: PMC7894791 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatically coassembled micelles constitute a versatile class of functional soft materials with broad application potential as, for example, encapsulation agents for nanomedicine and nanoreactors for gels and inorganic particles. The nanostructures that form upon the mixing of selected oppositely charged (block co)polymers and other ionic species greatly depend on the chemical structure and physicochemical properties of the micellar building blocks, such as charge density, block length (ratio), and hydrophobicity. Nearly three decades of research since the introduction of this new class of polymer micelles shed significant light on the structure and properties of the steady-state association colloids. Dynamics and out-of-equilibrium processes, such as (dis)assembly pathways, exchange kinetics of the micellar constituents, and reaction-assembly networks, have steadily gained more attention. We foresee that the broadened scope will contribute toward the design and preparation of otherwise unattainable structures with emergent functionalities and properties. This Viewpoint focuses on current efforts to study such dynamic and out-of-equilibrium processes with greater spatiotemporal detail. We highlight different approaches and discuss how they reveal and rationalize similarities and differences in the behavior of mixed micelles prepared under various conditions and from different polymeric building blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian
C. M. Sproncken
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing
Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - J. Rodrigo Magana
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing
Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Laboratory of Self-Organizing
Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry and
Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yadav B, Chavan S, Atmakuri A, Tyagi RD, Drogui P. A review on recovery of proteins from industrial wastewaters with special emphasis on PHA production process: Sustainable circular bioeconomy process development. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 317:124006. [PMID: 32889176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The economy of the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production process could be supported by utilising the different by-products released simultaneously during its production. Among these, proteins are present in high concentrations in liquid stream which are released after the cell disruption along with PHA granules. These microbial proteins can be used as animal feed, adhesive material and in manufacturing of bioplastics. The recycling of the protein containing liquid stream also serves as a promising approach to maintain circular bioeconomy in the route. For this aim, it is important to obtain good yield and limit the drawbacks of protein recovery processes and associated costs. The review focuses on recycling of the liquid stream generated during acid/thermal-alkali treatment for PHA production that would close the gap in linear economy and attain circularity in the process. Examples to recover proteins from other industrial waste streams along with their applications have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Yadav
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Shraddha Chavan
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Anusha Atmakuri
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - R D Tyagi
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Patrick Drogui
- INRS Eau, Terre et Environnement, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|