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Akbarzadeh M, Olad A, Salari D, Mirmohseni A. Gelatin-carboxymethyl cellulose/iron-based metal-organic framework nanocomposite hydrogel as a promising biodegradable fertilizer release system: Synthesis, characterization, and fertilizer release studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135316. [PMID: 39236953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Application of fertilizers is a routine method in agriculture to increase the fertility of plants However, conventional fertilizers have raised serious health and environmental problems in recent years. Therefore, the development of biodegradable superabsorbent hydrogels based on natural polymers with the capability for fertilizer controlled release has attracted much interest. In the current research, a novel nanocomposite hydrogel based on gelatin and carboxymethyl cellulose polymers enriched with an iron based metal- organic framework (MIL-53 (Iron)) was prepared. The prepared nanocomposite hydrogel was loaded with NPK fertilizer to obtain a slow release fertilizer system. The structural properties of the nanocomposite hydrogel were investigated using FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. The swelling and fertilizer release behavior of the nanocomposite hydrogel were evaluated in conditions. Results showed that by adding iron-based metal organic framework to the hydrogel matrix, the water absorption capacity of the hydrogel system was increased to 345.8 (g/g). Fertilizer release studies revealed that the release of fertilizer from the nanocomposite matrix has a slow and continuous release pattern. Therefore, the synthesized nanocomposite has an appropriate strength and high potential to be used as a slow-release fertilizer system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Akbarzadeh
- Polymer Composite Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Olad
- Polymer Composite Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Dariush Salari
- Laboratory of Petroleum Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Mirmohseni
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Cahyaningrum SE, Lusiana RA, Natsir TA, Muhaimin FI, Wardana AP, Purnamasari AP, Misran MB. Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-modified membrane for urea slow-release fertilizers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34981. [PMID: 39165941 PMCID: PMC11334837 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Urea is a fertilizer widely used by farmers, especially vegetable farmers, due to its high nitrogen content, around 46 %. However, plants only use a small amount of nitrogen, a maximum of 35 %, while the remaining nitrogen is wasted and released into the environment. Undeniably, it causes increases production costs and environmental problems. A slow-release urea fertilizer (SRF) has been formulated to resolve these issues. Methods In this study, the membrane was made of chitosan with several crosslinking agents such as Tripolyphosphate (TPP). In addition, calcium ion bonds are expected to increase the interaction with urea fertilizer through the encapsulation process. The results Our data showed that urea slow-release fertilizer (SRF) with the chitosan/TPP/Ca membrane, was successfully synthesized. This membrane has the characteristics of a thin white layer that is transparent. The physical and chemical characterization of SRF membranes with various coating membrane variations showed that the chitosan/TPP/Ca-urea membrane has Young's modulus of 7.75-22.05 N/mm2, swelling of 109.52-132.62 % and porosity of 0.756-1.06 %. Functional group analysis shows that several spectral changes indicate the presence of crosslinking process between the chitosan functional groups and TPP. The urea release results show that the membrane is released through a diffusion mechanism. Furthermore, SEM results show that these membranes have pores with various shapes and sizes. Conclusion Based on the result, it can be concluded that chitosan membrane modification with the addition of TPP and calcium oxide provides improved membrane characteristic cs including degree of development, hydrophobicity, membrane stress, and nitrogen release on the membrane. This membrane shows is indicating suitability as a slow-release fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Edi Cahyaningrum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Ketintang, Gayungan, Surabaya, East Java, 60231, Indonesia
| | - Retno Ariadi Lusiana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Jl. Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Kota Semarang, Central Java, 50275, Indonesia
| | - Taufik Abdillah Natsir
- Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Fitriari Izzatunnisa Muhaimin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Ketintang, Gayungan, Surabaya, East Java, 60231, Indonesia
| | - Andika Pramudya Wardana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Ketintang, Gayungan, Surabaya, East Java, 60231, Indonesia
| | - Amalia Putri Purnamasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Jl. Ketintang, Gayungan, Surabaya, East Java, 60231, Indonesia
| | - Misni Bin Misran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Elsabagh SS, Elkhatib EA, Rashad M. Eco-friendly nano-enabled fertilizers derived from date industry waste for sustainable and controlled-release of P, K and Mg nutrients: sorption mechanisms, controlled-release performance and kinetics. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38647852 PMCID: PMC10991569 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of nano-enabled fertilizers from green waste is one of the effective options to enhance global agricultural productions and minimize environmental pollution. In this study, novel, eco-friendly and cost-effective nano- enabled fertilizers (NEF) were synthesized using the planetary ball milling procedure. The NEF (nDPF1and nDPF2) were prepared by impregnation of nanostructured date palm pits (nDPP) with (KH2PO4 + MgO) at 1:1 and 3:1 (w/w) ratios respectively. The nDPP, nDPF1 and nDPF2 were extensively characterized. The produced nano-fertilizers enhanced soil water retention capacity with nDPF2 being the most effective. The water retention capacity of nDPF2 treated soil was 5.6 times higher than that of soil treated with conventional fertilizers. In addition, the nDPF2 exhibited superior sustained lower release rates of P, K and Mg nutrients for longer release periods in comparison with the conventional fertilizers. For instance, P cumulative release percentages from conventional fertilizers, nDPF1 and nDPF2 in soil reached 22.41%, 10.82 and 8.9% respectively within 384 h. Findings from FTIR and XPS analyses suggested that hydrogen bonding and ligand exchange were the main interaction mechanisms of PO4-K-Mg ions with nDPP surface. The released kinetics data of the NEF revealed that power function was the best suitable model to describe the kinetics of P, K and Mg release data from NEF in water and soil. Pot study ascertained that the nano-enabled fertilizers (nDPF1 and nDPF2) significantly promoted biomass production and nutrient uptake of maize plants as compared to commercial fertilizer treated plants. The present work demonstrated the potential of NEF to increase nutrients uptake efficiency, mitigate moisture retention problem in arid soils and reduce nutrients loss through leaching and safeguard the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira S Elsabagh
- Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A Elkhatib
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Rashad
- Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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Beig B, Niazi MBK, Sher F, Jahan Z, Zia M, Shah GA, Ghfar AA, Iqbal Z. Development and testing of environment friendly nanohybrid coatings for sustainable agriculture technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117546. [PMID: 37914011 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Less than 50% of the applied urea fertilizer is taken up by plants due to poor nitrogen (N) use efficiency which affects overall agricultural productivity and leads to serious environmental and economic problems. Additionally, soils with high salinity might limit zinc (Zn) availability. Low Zn use efficiency (<30%) when applied as synthetic salts, e.g., zinc sulfate has therefore minimized their applicability. Within the past two decades, nanotechnology has gained a lot of interest in the development of effective nano fertilizers with high nutrient use efficiency (NUE). In this perspective, the approach of coating conventional fertilizers with nano materials especially, the ones which are essential nutrients has researched because of their high use efficiency and reduced losses. In this work, a novel and innovative formulation of hybrid nano fertilizer has been prepared for the sustainable release of nutrients. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs <50 nm) were incorporated into the biodegradable polymer (gelatin) and coated on urea using a fluidized bed coater. Among all the formulations, GZnSNPs (1.5% gelatin+0.5% elemental Zn as ZnO-NPs) showed a significant delay in urea release (<80 %) after 120 min). The sand column experiment showed sustainable Zn release for GZnSNPs i.e., 2.7 ppm vs. 3.5 ppm (GZnS) after the 6th day. Moreover, a substantial increase in wheat grain yield (6500 kg/ha), N uptake (46.5 kg/ha) and Zn uptake (21.64 g/ha) were observed for fields amended with GZnSNPs. The composition of GZnSNPs was valuable since this attracted the highest return relative to the other treatments. Gelatin supplied small N-containing molecules, resulting in extra value addition with ZnO-NPs thus increasing yield and fertilizer properties more relative to the same amount of elemental Zn given via bulk salt. Therefore, the findings of the current study recommend the use of ZnO-NPs in the agricultural sector without any negative effects on yield and NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Beig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Zaib Jahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Munir Zia
- Research and Development Department, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited, Head Office 156-The Mall, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas Shah
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab, 10370, Pakistan
| | - Ayman A Ghfar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Iqbal
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan
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Meng W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhu W, Huang H, Han X, Liu Y, Xu C. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate polymer membranes as eco-friendly and biodegradable coatings for slow release fertilizers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3592-3601. [PMID: 36326723 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of slow release fertilizers (SRFs) is an effective approach for reducing agriculture cost, environmental and ecological issues simultaneously. The present study provides a series of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) polymer membranes as eco-friendly and biodegradable coatings for SRFs. Moreover, polymer-coated urea (PCU) granules were fabricated through coating the urea granules with the resulting membranes. Our first interest was to fabricate three membranes (PS1, PS2, PS3) of different PVA/SA weight ratios (9:1, 8:2, 7:3) using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent, and crosslink the PS3 membrane with a CaCl2 solution further to obtain the PC3 membrane. The chemical properties and morphologies of the membranes were characterized. Second, the nitrogen release behavior of the PCU granules was measured and calculated, respectively. RESULTS Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde made the PS1, PS2, PS3 membranes uniform and compact, whereas crosslinking with a CaCl2 solution formed an 'egg box' structure inside the PC3 membrane. PS3 membrane with the minimum PVA/SA weight ratio had the highest hydrophily (water uptake: 106.25%, water contact angle: 55.1o ), whereas PC3 membrane had the lowest hydrophily (water uptake: 21.57%, water contact angle: 67.3o ). The biodegradation ratios of the membranes were in the range 44-60% in 90 days, indicating that they had excellent biodegradability. The measured fractional release on the day 30 of the PCU granules ranged from 89.33% to 97.07%. The calculated nitrogen release behavior agreed well with the measured values. CONCLUSION The resulting eco-friendly and biodegradable PVA/SA membranes are alternative coatings for SRFs. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xianglu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Wending Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Handa Huang
- Hefei Lvnong Fertilizer Co., Ltd, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaozhao Han
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yahua Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
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Kavitha R, Latifah O, Ahmed OH, Charles PW, Susilawati K. Potential of Rejected Sago Starch as a Coating Material for Urea Encapsulation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081863. [PMID: 37112010 PMCID: PMC10146585 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increases in food production to meet global food requirements lead to an increase in the demand for nitrogen (N) fertilizers, especially urea, for soil productivity, crop yield, and food security improvement. To achieve a high yield of food crops, the excessive use of urea has resulted in low urea-N use efficiency and environmental pollution. One promising alternative to increase urea-N use efficiency, improve soil N availability, and lessen the potential environmental effects of the excessive use of urea is to encapsulate urea granules with appropriate coating materials to synchronize the N release with crop assimilation. Chemical additives, such as sulfur-based coatings, mineral-based coatings, and several polymers with different action principles, have been explored and used for coating the urea granule. However, their high material cost, limited resources, and adverse effects on the soil ecosystem limit the widespread application of urea coated with these materials. This paper documents a review of issues related to the materials used for urea coating and the potential of natural polymers, such as rejected sago starch, as a coating material for urea encapsulation. The aim of the review is to unravel an understanding of the potential of rejected sago starch as a coating material for the slow release of N from urea. Rejected sago starch from sago flour processing is a natural polymer that could be used to coat urea because the starch enables a gradual, water-driven mechanism of N release from the urea-polymer interface to the polymer-soil interface. The advantages of rejected sago starch for urea encapsulation over other polymers are that rejected sago starch is one of the most abundant polysaccharide polymers, the cheapest biopolymer, and is fully biodegradable, renewable, and environmentally friendly. This review provides information on the potential of rejected sago starch as a coating material, the advantages of using rejected sago starch as coating material over other polymer materials, a simple coating method, and the mechanisms of N release from urea coated with rejected sago starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Kavitha
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu 97008, Malaysia
| | - Omar Latifah
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu 97008, Malaysia
- Institute of Ecosystem Science Borneo, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu 97008, Malaysia
| | - Osumanu Haruna Ahmed
- Faculty of Agriculture, University Sultan Sharif Ali Brunei, Kampus Sinaut, Km 33, Jalan Tutong, Kampung Sinaut, Tutong TB1741, Brunei
| | - Primus Walter Charles
- Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Bintulu 97008, Malaysia
| | - Kasim Susilawati
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Ghumman ASM, Shamsuddin R, Sabir R, Waheed A, Sami A, Almohamadi H. Synthesis and performance evaluation of slow-release fertilizers produced from inverse vulcanized copolymers obtained from industrial waste. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7867-7876. [PMID: 36909756 PMCID: PMC9996625 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00256j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve crop nutrient uptake efficacy (NUE) and better manage fertilization, slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) are developed by either coating the urea granules or making a composite. Several materials have already been developed, nevertheless, scalability of those materials is still a challenge due to their inherit drawbacks (such as hydrophilicity, crystallinity, non-biodegradability, etc.). Herein, we utilized a biodegradable, green and sustainable copolymer produced from industrial waste (sulfur-petroleum industry waste and myrcene-citrus industry waste) to coat the urea using a facile coating method to develop novel SRFs and achieve better agronomic and environmental advantages. The copolymer was first synthesized using a facile, solvent-free one-pot method called inverse vulcanization followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to confirm the successful reaction between myrcene and sulfur subsequently coating the copolymer on urea granule. The morphology and coating thickness of coated fertilizers were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), followed by a nitrogen release test in distilled water and a soil burial test to confirm the biodegradability. The nitrogen release test revealed that the SRF with the maximum coating thickness of 1733 μm releases only 16% of its total nitrogen after 4 days of incubation compared to the pristine urea which releases all its nutrient within 1 day. The soil burial test confirms the biodegradability of the copolymer, as after 50 days of incubation in soil the copolymer loses almost 18.25% of its total weight indicating that the copolymer is degrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shaan Manzoor Ghumman
- HICoE, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak Malaysia .,Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Rashid Shamsuddin
- HICoE, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar 32610 Perak Malaysia .,Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Rabia Sabir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah Wah Cantt 47040 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Ammara Waheed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah Wah Cantt 47040 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sami
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Hamad Almohamadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah Madinah Saudi Arabia
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Lignin nanoparticles filled chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol polymer blend as a coating material of urea with a slow‐release property. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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9
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Benbettaieb N, Mlaouah E, Moundanga S, Brachais CH, Kurek M, Galić K, Debeaufort F. Bioactive antioxidant coatings for poly(lactic acid) packaging films: polyphenols affect coating structure and their release in a food simulant. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:1115-1126. [PMID: 35781812 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has limited uses for moist and acidic foods due to its barrier properties, which are fairly poor, and its sensitivity to moisture. RESULTS Deposition of thin coatings based on natural biopolymers (gelatin) incorporating bioactive agents has allowed the development of active packaging materials while maintaining their biodegradability and their food contact material ability. Gelatin coatings containing two phenolic acids (tannic and gallic) have been tested. These coated PLA films displayed a reduction of the moisture permeability and a slight modification of the thermal properties of PLA. The antioxidant properties of the films and their release kinetics in a simulant medium have been studied and modelled. CONCLUSIONS Incorporation of phenolic acids induced interactions with the gelatin that modified the structure of the network and positively affected the retention, diffusivity, and transfer rate of the bioactive compounds when coated PLA films were in contact with the liquid simulant. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreddine Benbettaieb
- Department of BioEngineering, IUT-Dijon-Auxerre, University of Burgundy, 7 blvd Docteur Petitjean, BP 17867, Dijon, 21078, France
- UMR PAM A02.102 Procédé Alimenaires et Microbiologiques, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 1, Esplanade Erasme, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Emna Mlaouah
- National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT), 676 Centre Urbain Nord, Tunis, 1080, Tunisie
| | - Sylvie Moundanga
- UMR PAM A02.102 Procédé Alimenaires et Microbiologiques, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 1, Esplanade Erasme, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Claire-Hélène Brachais
- Institut Carnot de Bourgogne UMR CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 avenue Alain Savary, Dijon, 21078, France
- Département Matériaux, ESIREM, University of Burgundy, Allée Savary, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Mia Kurek
- Food PAckaging Lab, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, PBF, University of Zagreb, Pierrotijeva 6, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Kata Galić
- Food PAckaging Lab, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, PBF, University of Zagreb, Pierrotijeva 6, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Frédéric Debeaufort
- Department of BioEngineering, IUT-Dijon-Auxerre, University of Burgundy, 7 blvd Docteur Petitjean, BP 17867, Dijon, 21078, France
- UMR PAM A02.102 Procédé Alimenaires et Microbiologiques, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 1, Esplanade Erasme, Dijon, 21000, France
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Han Y, Chen S, Xie B, Wang Y, Fan Y, Meng Q, Zou H, Zhang Y. Waterborne polymer modified with zeolite for environment‐friendly slow‐release coated urea. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Han
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Songling Chen
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Boyu Xie
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Fan
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Qingying Meng
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Zou
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Zhang
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang People's Republic of China
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Narayanasamy R, Thiyagarajan C, Pillai MP, Muthunalliappan M, Subburamu K, Subramanian M. Organic acid and amino acid coated multi-nutrient fertilizer granules (MNFG): synthesis and characterization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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12
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Hamidi RM, Siyal AA, Luukkonen T, Shamsuddin RM, Moniruzzaman M. Fly ash geopolymer as a coating material for controlled-release fertilizer based on granulated urea. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33187-33199. [PMID: 36425209 PMCID: PMC9677526 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen loss from urea fertiliser due to its high solubility characteristics has led to the invention of controlled release urea (CRU). Majority of existing CRU coatings are produced from a non-biodegradable, toxic and expensive synthetic polymers. This study determines the feasibility of fly ash-based geopolymer as a coating material for urea fertilizer. The effects of fly ash particle size (15.2 μm, 12.0 μm, and 8.6 μm) and solid to liquid (S : L) ratio (3 : 1, 2.8 : 1, 2.6 : 1, 2.4 : 1 and 2.2 : 1) on the geopolymer coating, the characterization such as FTIR analysis, XRD analysis, surface area and pore size analysis, setting time analysis, coating thickness, and crushing strength, and the release kinetics of geopolymer coated urea in water and soil were determined. Lower S : L ratio was beneficial in terms of workability, but it had an adverse impact on geopolymer properties where it increased porosity and decreased mechanical strength to an undesirable level for the CRU application. Geopolymer coated urea prepared from the finest fly ash fraction and lowest S : L ratio demonstrated high mechanical strength and slower urea release profile. Complete urea release was obtained in 132 minutes in water and 15 days in soil from geopolymer-coated urea whereas for uncoated urea it took only 20 minutes in water and 3 days in soil. Thus, geopolymer can potentially be used as a coating material for urea fertilizer to replace commonly used expensive and biodegradable polymer-based coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidah Mohamed Hamidi
- HICoE, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Ahmer Ali Siyal
- HICoE, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Tero Luukkonen
- University of Oulu, Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit P.O. Box 8000 FI-90014 Finland
| | - Rashid M Shamsuddin
- HICoE, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-sustainable Building, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Institute of Contaminant Management, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Perak Darul Ridzuan Malaysia
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13
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Ghumman ASM, Shamsuddin R, Nasef MM, Yahya WZN, Abbasi A, Almohamadi H. Sulfur enriched slow-release coated urea produced from inverse vulcanized copolymer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157417. [PMID: 35850358 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Slow-release fertilizers are developed to enhance the nutrient use efficiency (NUE), by coating urea with less water soluble or hydrophobic material. Diverse range of materials have been utilized to coat urea, however, their inherit non-biodegradability, hydrophilicity, crystallinity, and high synthesis cost limits their scalability. Herein, we reported the preparation of a novel slow-release sulfur enriched urea fertilizers using sustainable hydrophobic, biodegradable, crosslinked copolymer made from sulfur and rubber seed oil (Poly(S-RSO)) through the use of dip coating method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the fertilizers morphology and estimate the coating film thickness. A nitrogen release test was carried out in distilled water, which revealed that the coated fertilizers with a coating thickness of 165 μm, 254 μm and 264 μm released only 65 % of its total nutrient content after 2, 19 and 43 days of incubation, respectively: hence, showing an excellent slow-release property. In soil, fertilizer with 264 μm coating thickness released only 17 % nitrogen after 20 days of incubation, in line with the European standard (EN 13266, 2001). The release kinetic data best fits the Ritger-Peppas model with a R2 value of 0.99 and the n value of 0.65 indicated the release was mainly due to diffusion. Submerged cultivation (SmC) demonstrated the potential of poly(S-RSO) to enhance sulfur oxidation; it was observed that the copolymer oxidation was 50 % greater than that of elemental sulfur. A comparison between the newly developed fertilizers and existing coated fertilizers was also presented. On the whole, the results demonstrated outstanding slow-release characteristics and improved sulfur oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shaan Manzoor Ghumman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; HICoE, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Rashid Shamsuddin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; HICoE, Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia
| | - Wan Zaireen Nisa Yahya
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Hamad Almohamadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Critical Review on Polylactic Acid: Properties, Structure, Processing, Biocomposites, and Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124312. [PMID: 35744371 PMCID: PMC9228835 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials are emerging as a vital entity for the sustainable development of both humans and the environment. Polylactic acid (PLA) has been recognized as a potential polymer candidate with attractive characteristics for applications in both the engineering and medical sectors. Hence, the present article throws lights on the essential physical and mechanical properties of PLA that can be beneficial for the development of composites, biocomposites, films, porous gels, and so on. The article discusses various processes that can be utilized in the fabrication of PLA-based composites. In a later section, we have a detailed discourse on the various composites and nanocomposites-based PLA along with the properties’ comparisons, discussing our investigation on the effects of various fibers, fillers, and nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of PLA. Lastly, the various applications in which PLA is used extensively are discussed in detail.
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15
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One-Step Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using CaO Promoted Activated Carbon Catalyst from Prunus persica Seeds. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scope for replacing fossil fuels has been appealing to the world, owing to limited conventional fuels, crude oil price volatility, and greenhouse gas emission concerns. In this regard, this article demonstrates the preparation of a novel solid base catalyst for the transesterification of waste cooking oil. A calcium-loaded activated carbon catalyst was prepared through pyrolysis of peach shell followed by chemical activation with KOH and then calcium loading through the wet impregnation method. The prepared catalyst showed the best performance with 20% calcium loading and 650 °C of calcination temperature. The catalyst’s physicochemical, structural, and textural properties were examined using XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, and BET analysis. The catalyst showed a maximum yield of 96% at optimized conditions, i.e., 65 °C temperature, oil to methanol ratio 1:8, 5 wt% catalyst concentration, and a 160 min reaction time. Additionally, it illustrated high recyclability up to 10 cycles with negligible leaching of Ca+2 ions. The high activity of the catalyst was due to the presence of calcium ions on the activated carbon support. Physio–chemical properties and GC-MS analysis of prepared biodiesel determined that all attributes were within the biodiesel standard tolerances set by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Therefore, all the innovations mentioned above concluded that catalyst generated from peach shell biochar is a promising candidate for biodiesel production, ultimately resulting in solid and liquid waste management.
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16
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Tomar AS, Gupta R, Bijanu A, Arya R, Mishra D, Singh A, Salammal ST. Progress in fabrication and manufacturing of sodium aluminosilicate materials (geopolymers) as protective coating materials: A review. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Chen S, Han Y, Chen C, Liu H, Zou H. Bio‐based epoxy modified with
nano‐SiO
2
and organosilicon for controlled‐release urea. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songling Chen
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Northeast China) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Yanyu Han
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Northeast China) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Chunyu Chen
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Northeast China) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Hongdou Liu
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Northeast China) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang Liaoning China
| | - Hongtao Zou
- College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural University Shenyang Liaoning China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources Shenyang Liaoning China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Northeast China) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Shenyang Liaoning China
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18
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Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Binder: Compressive Strength, Optimize Composition, FTIR Spectroscopy, Microstructural, and Potential as Fire-Retardant Material. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13244373. [PMID: 34960924 PMCID: PMC8709169 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Compressive strength is an important property in construction material, particularly for thermal insulation purposes. Although the insulation materials possess high fire-retardant characteristics, their mechanical properties are relatively poor. Moreover, research on the correlation between fire-retardant and compressive strength of rice husk ash (RHA)-based geopolymer binder (GB) is rather limited. In addition, previous studies on RHA-based GB used the less efficient one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. In understanding the optimum value and significant effect of factors on the compressive strength, it was deemed necessary to employ statistical analysis and a regression coefficient model (mathematical model). The objective of the study is to determine the effect of different material behavior, namely brittle and ductile, on the compressive strength properties and the optimum material formulation that can satisfy both compressive strength and fire-retardant properties. The factors chosen for this study were the rice husk ash/activated alkaline solution (RHA/AA) ratio and the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration. Compressive strength and fire-retardant tests were conducted as part of the experiments, which were designed and analyzed using the response surface methodology (RSM). The microstructure of geopolymer samples was investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that RHA/AA ratio was highly significant (p < 0.000) followed by NaOH concentration (p < 0.024). When the RHA/AA ratio was at 0.7 to 0.8 and the NaOH concentration was between 12 and 14 M, high compressive strength above 28 MPa was recorded. Optimum compressive strength of approximately 47 MPa was achieved when the RHA/AA ratio and NaOH concentration were 0.85 and 14 M, respectively. Brittle samples with low Si/Al ratio of 88.95 were high in compressive strength, which is 33.55 MPa, and showed a high degree of geopolymerization. Inversely, ductile samples showed low compressive strength and degree of geopolymerization. Water content within the geopolymer binder had a major effect on its fire-retardant properties. Semi-ductile GB showed the best fire-retardant properties, followed by semi-brittle and brittle GB. Using RHA as an aluminosilicate source has proven to be a promising alternative.
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19
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Ghumman ASM, Shamsuddin R, Nasef MM, Krivoborodov EG, Ahmad S, Zanin AA, Mezhuev YO, Abbasi A. A Degradable Inverse Vulcanized Copolymer as a Coating Material for Urea Produced under Optimized Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4040. [PMID: 34833338 PMCID: PMC8621183 DOI: 10.3390/polym13224040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Global enhancement of crop yield is achieved using chemical fertilizers; however, agro-economy is affected due to poor nutrient uptake efficacy (NUE), which also causes environmental pollution. Encapsulating urea granules with hydrophobic material can be one solution. Additionally, the inverse vulcanized copolymer obtained from vegetable oils are a new class of green sulfur-enriched polymer with good biodegradation and better sulfur oxidation potential, but they possess unreacted sulfur, which leads to void generations. In this study, inverse vulcanization reaction conditions to minimize the amount of unreacted sulfur through response surface methodology (RSM) is optimized. The copolymer obtained was then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FTIR confirmed the formation of the copolymer, TGA demonstrated that copolymer is thermally stable up to 200 °C temperature, and DSC revealed the sulfur conversion of 82.2% (predicted conversion of 82.37%), which shows the goodness of the model developed to predict the sulfur conversion. To further maximize the sulfur conversion, 5 wt% diisopropenyl benzene (DIB) as a crosslinker is added during synthesis to produce terpolymer. The urea granule is then coated using terpolymer, and the nutrient release longevity of the coated urea is tested in distilled water, which revealed that only 65% of its total nutrient is released after 40 days of incubation. The soil burial of the terpolymer demonstrated its biodegradability, as 26% weight loss happens in 52 days of incubation. Thus, inverse vulcanized terpolymer as a coating material for urea demonstrated far better nutrient release longevity compared with other biopolymers with improved biodegradation; moreover, these copolymers also have potential to improve sulfur oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shaan Manzoor Ghumman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; (A.S.M.G.); (A.A.)
- HICoE, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Rashid Shamsuddin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; (A.S.M.G.); (A.A.)
- HICoE, Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research (CBBR), Institute of Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Efrem G. Krivoborodov
- Institute of Chemistry and Sustainable Development, Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (E.G.K.); (A.A.Z.); (Y.O.M.)
| | - Sohaira Ahmad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah, Wah Cantt 47040, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Alexey A. Zanin
- Institute of Chemistry and Sustainable Development, Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (E.G.K.); (A.A.Z.); (Y.O.M.)
| | - Yaroslav O. Mezhuev
- Institute of Chemistry and Sustainable Development, Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia; (E.G.K.); (A.A.Z.); (Y.O.M.)
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; (A.S.M.G.); (A.A.)
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20
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Shen Y, Zhou J, Du C, Zhou Z. Hydrophobic modification of waterborne polymer slows urea release and improves nitrogen use efficiency in rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 794:148612. [PMID: 34198088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) with long release longevity have been actively sought to match the nutrient demands of crops over the entire growing period. Waterborne polymer is an environmental friendliness coating for CRFs because it neither uses organic solvent nor influences soil property. However, its low hydrophobicity leads to a short controlled-release longevity of CRFs coated with waterborne polymer. To overcome this drawback, a hydrophobic coating was fabricated using silica-modified fluorinated lauryl-methacrylate-containing polyacrylate (SFLPA). After hydrophobic modification, both a slower water influx rate and a larger modulus induced a reduced swelling rate and an extended controlled-release longevity consequently from 42 days to 108 days. Furthermore, a pot trial demonstrated that a single application of SFLPA-coated CRFs significantly boosted grain yield (by 13.36%), nitrogen uptake (by 17.44%) and nitrogen use efficiency (by 24.29%) compared to a three-split application of urea in rice production. The study demonstrated substantial potential of silica/fluorinated waterborne polymer for improving the effectiveness of CRFs in rice production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 N. East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jianmin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 N. East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Changwen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 N. East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
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21
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Kassem I, Ablouh EH, El Bouchtaoui FZ, Kassab Z, Khouloud M, Sehaqui H, Ghalfi H, Alami J, El Achaby M. Cellulose nanocrystals-filled poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites as waterborne coating materials of NPK fertilizer with slow release and water retention properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:1029-1042. [PMID: 34411612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective fertilizers management is essential for sustainable agricultural practices. One way to improve agronomic practices is by using slow-release fertilizers (SRF) that have shown interesting role in optimizing nutrients availability for plants growth. Considering the current ecological concerns, coated SRF using ecofriendly materials continue to attract great attention. In this context, novel waterborne and biodegradable coating nanocomposite formulations were elaborated from cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)-filled poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for slow release NPK fertilizer with water retention property. CNC were extracted from hemp stalks using sulfuric acid hydrolysis process and their physico-chemical characteristics were investigated. CNC with various weight loadings (6, 10, 14.5 wt%) were incorporated into PVA polymer via solvent mixing method to produce viscous coating nanocomposite formulations with moderated shear viscosity. Uniform PVA@CNC coating microlayer was applied on the surface of NPK fertilizer granules in Wurster chamber of a fluidized bed dryer at controlled spraying and drying parameters. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium release profiles from coated NPK fertilizer were determined in water and soil. It was found that the coating materials extended the N-P-K nutrients release time from 3 days for uncoated fertilizer to 10 and 30 days for neat PVA- and CNC/PVA-coated fertilizer in soil medium, indicating the positive role of the presence of CNC in the PVA-based coatings. The morphology, coating rate and crushing strength of the as-prepared coated products were investigated in addition to their effect on water holding capacity and water retention of the soil. Enhanced crushing strength and water retention with a positive effect on the soil moisture were observed after coating NPK fertilizer, mainly with high CNC content (14.5 wt%). Therefore, these proposed nanocomposite coating materials showed a great potential for producing a new class of SRF with high nutrients use efficiency and water retention capacity, which could be beneficial to sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsane Kassem
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - El-Houssaine Ablouh
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco.
| | - Fatima-Zahra El Bouchtaoui
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Zineb Kassab
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Khouloud
- Chemical & Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS-GPE), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, OCP Jorf Lasfar Industrial Complex, P.O. Box 118, El Jadida 24025, Morocco
| | - Houssine Sehaqui
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Hakim Ghalfi
- Innovation OCP, OCP Jorf Lasfar Industrial Complex, P.O. Box 118, El Jadida 24025, Morocco
| | - Jones Alami
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco.
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22
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Mohd Basri MS, Mustapha F, Mazlan N, Ishak MR. Rice-Husk-Ash-Based Geopolymer Coating: Fire-Retardant, Optimize Composition, Microstructural, Thermal and Element Characteristics Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3747. [PMID: 34771303 PMCID: PMC8587038 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Geopolymer using aluminosilicate sources, such as fly ash, metakaolin and blast furnace slag, possessed excellent fire-retardant properties. However, research on the fire-retardant properties and thermal properties of geopolymer coating using rice husk ash (RHA) is rather limited. Additionally, the approach adopted in past studies on geopolymer coating was the less efficient one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT). A better approach is to employ statistical analysis and a regression coefficient model (mathematical model) in understanding the optimum value and significant effect of factors on fire-retardant and thermal properties of the geopolymer coating. This study aims to elucidate the significance of rice husk ash/activated alkaline solution (RHA/AA) ratio and NaOH concentration on the fire-retardant and thermal properties of RHA-based geopolymer coating, determine the optimum composition and examine the microstructure and element characteristics of the RHA-based geopolymer coating. The factors chosen for this study were the RHA/AA ratio and the NaOH concentration. Rice husk was burnt at a temperature of approximately 600 °C for 24 h to produce RHA. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments and conduct the analyses. Fire-retardant tests and thermal and element characteristics analysis (TGA, XRD, DSC and CTE) were conducted. The microstructure of the geopolymer samples was investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the RHA/AA ratio had the strongest effect on the temperature at equilibrium (TAE) and time taken to reach 300 °C (TT300). For the optimization process using RSM, the optimum value for TAE and TT300 could be attained when the RHA/AA ratio and NaOH concentration were 0.30 and 6 M, respectively. SEM micrographs of good fire-resistance properties showed a glassy appearance, and the surface coating changed into a dense geopolymer gel covered with thin needles when fired. It showed high insulating capacity and low thermal expansion; it had minimal mismatch with the substrate, and the coating had no evidence of crack formation and had a low dehydration rate. Using RHA as an aluminosilicate source has proven to be a promising alternative. Using it as coating materials can potentially improve fire safety in the construction of residential and commercial buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faizal Mustapha
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.M.); (N.M.); (M.R.I.)
| | - Norkhairunnisa Mazlan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.M.); (N.M.); (M.R.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ridzwan Ishak
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.M.); (N.M.); (M.R.I.)
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Preparation of chitosan microspheres as carrier material to controlled release of urea fertilizer. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zinc Plus Biopolymer Coating Slows Nitrogen Release, Decreases Ammonia Volatilization from Urea and Improves Sunflower Productivity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183170. [PMID: 34578067 PMCID: PMC8472901 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the global agriculture productivity is heavily relied on the use of chemical fertilizers. However, the low nutrient utilization efficiency (NUE) is the main obstacle for attaining higher crop productivity and reducing nutrients losses from these fertilizers to the environment. Coating fertilizer with micronutrients and biopolymer can offer an opportunity to overcome these fertilizers associated problems. Here, we coated urea with zinc sulphate (ZnS) and ZnS plus molasses (ZnSM) to control its N release, decrease the ammonia (NH3) volatilization and improve N utilization efficiency by sunflower. Morphological analysis confirmed a uniform coating layer formation of both formulations on urea granules. A slow release of N from ZnS and ZnSM was observed in water. After soil application, ZnSM decreased the NH3 emission by 38% compared to uncoated urea. Most of the soil parameters did not differ between ZnS and uncoated urea treatment. Microbial biomass N and Zn in ZnSM were 125 and 107% higher than uncoated urea, respectively. Soil mineral N in ZnSM was 21% higher than uncoated urea. Such controlled nutrient availability in the soil resulted in higher sunflower grain yield (53%), N (80%) and Zn (126%) uptakes from ZnSM than uncoated fertilizer. Hence, coating biopolymer with Zn on urea did not only increase the sunflower yield and N utilization efficiency but also meet the micronutrient Zn demand of sunflower. Therefore, coating urea with Zn plus biopolymer is recommended to fertilizer production companies for improving NUE, crop yield and reducing urea N losses to the environment in addition to fulfil crop micronutrient demand.
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Tanan W, Panichpakdee J, Suwanakood P, Saengsuwan S. Biodegradable hydrogels of cassava starch-g-polyacrylic acid/natural rubber/polyvinyl alcohol as environmentally friendly and highly efficient coating material for slow-release urea fertilizers. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Tubtimsri S, Weerapol Y. Improvement in Solubility and Absorption of Nifedipine Using Solid Solution: Correlations between Surface Free Energy and Drug Dissolution. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172963. [PMID: 34503003 PMCID: PMC8434079 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ternary solid solutions composed of nifedipine (NDP), amino methacrylate copolymer (AMCP), and polysorbate (PS) 20, 60, or 65 were prepared using a solvent evaporation method. The dissolution profiles of NDP were used to study the effect of the addition of polysorbate based on hydrophilic properties. A solid solution of NDP and AMCP was recently developed; however, the dissolution of NDP was <70%. In the present study, polysorbate was added to improve the dissolution of the drug by altering its hydrophilicity. The suitable formulation contained NDP and AMCP at a ratio of 1:4 and polysorbate at a concentration of 0.1%, 0.3%, or 0.6%. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction were used to examine the solid solutions. No peak representing crystalline NDP was observed in any solid solution samples, suggesting that the drug was molecularly dispersed in AMCP. The NDP dissolution from NDP powder and solid solution without PS were 16.82% and 58.19%, respectively. The highest dissolution of NDP of approximately 95.25% was noted at 120 min for the formulation containing 0.6% PS20. Linear correlations were observed between the surface free energy and percentages of dissolved NDP (R2 = 0.7115–0.9315). Cellular uptake across Caco-2 was selected to determine the drug permeability. The percentages of cellular uptake from the NDP powder, solid solution without and with PS20 were 0.25%, 3.60%, and 7.27%, respectively.
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Zafar N, Niazi MBK, Sher F, Khalid U, Jahan Z, Shah GA, Zia M. Starch and polyvinyl alcohol encapsulated biodegradable nanocomposites for environment friendly slow release of urea fertilizer. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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28
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Akhter M, Shah GA, Niazi MBK, Mir S, Jahan Z, Rashid MI. Novel water‐soluble polymer coatings control
NPK
release rate, improve soil quality and maize productivity. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsan Akhter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas Shah
- Department of Agronomy PMAS‐Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saad Mir
- Department of Agronomy PMAS‐Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Zaib Jahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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Mohd Basri MS, Liew Min Ren B, A. Talib R, Zakaria R, Kamarudin SH. Novel Mangosteen-Leaves-Based Marker Ink: Color Lightness, Viscosity, Optimized Composition, and Microstructural Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101581. [PMID: 34069259 PMCID: PMC8156445 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dry mangosteen leaves are one of the raw materials used to produce marker ink. However, research using this free and abundant resource is rather limited. The less efficient one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was mostly used in past studies on plant-based marker ink. The use of statistical analysis and the regression coefficient model (mathematical model) was considered essential in predicting the best combination of factors in formulating mangosteen leaf-based marker ink. Ideally, ink should have maximum color lightness, minimum viscosity, and fast-drying speed. The objective of this study to study the effect of glycerol and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the color lightness and viscosity of mangosteen-leaves-based marker ink. The viscosity, color lightness, and drying properties of the ink were tested, the significant effect of glycerol and CMC (responses) on ink properties was identified and the prediction model on the optimum value of the responses was developed by using response surface methodology (RSM). The microstructure of mangosteen leaves was analyzed to study the surface morphology and cell structure during dye extraction. A low amount of glycerol used was found to increase the value of color lightness. A decrease in CMC amounts resulted in low viscosity of marker ink. The optimum formulation for the ink can be achieved when the weight percents of glycerol, benzalkonium chloride, ferrous sulphate, and CMC are set at 5, 5, 1, and 3, respectively. SEM micrographs showed the greatest amount of cell wall structure collapse on samples boiled with the lowest amount of glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.L.M.R.); (R.A.T.); (R.Z.)
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Brenda Liew Min Ren
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.L.M.R.); (R.A.T.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rosnita A. Talib
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.L.M.R.); (R.A.T.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rabitah Zakaria
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (B.L.M.R.); (R.A.T.); (R.Z.)
| | - Siti Hasnah Kamarudin
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Mohd Basri MS, Yek TH, A. Talib R, Mohamed Amin Tawakkal IS, Kamarudin SH, Mazlan N, Maidin NA, Ab Rahman MH. Rice Husk Ash/Silicone Rubber-Based Binary Blended Geopolymer Coating Composite: Fire Retardant, Moisture Absorption, Optimize Composition, and Microstructural Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:985. [PMID: 33806990 PMCID: PMC8004628 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Geopolymer coating using rice husk ash (RHA) as the aluminosilicate source has shown excellent fire retardant properties. However, incorporation of rice husk ash into the geopolymer matrix increased water absorption properties of the polymer composite. As such, silicone rubber (SiR) was introduced to improve the moisture absorption and fire retardant properties of the composite. Additionally, the less efficient one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was conventionally used in past studies on the RHA-based geopolymer composite. In understanding the optimum value and significant effect of factors on the fire retardant and moisture absorption properties of the binary blended geopolymer coating composite, the use of statistical analysis and regression coefficient model (mathematical model) was considered essential. The objectives of this study are to identify the significant effect of factors on moisture absorption and fire retardant properties, to determine the optimum composition, and to study the microstructure of the rice husk ash/silicone rubber (RHA/SiR)-based binary blended geopolymer coating composite. The RHA/AA and SiR/Ge ratios were chosen as factors, and the response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to design experiments and conduct analyses. Fire retardant and moisture absorption tests were conducted. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure of geopolymer samples. The RHA/alkaline activator (AA) and SiR/Ge ratios were shown to have a significant effect on the responses (temperature at equilibrium and moisture absorption). The high ratio of RHA/AA and SiR/Ge resulted in a lower temperature at equilibrium (TAE) below 200°C and at moisture absorption below 16%. The optimum formulation for the geopolymer coating composite can be achieved when the RHA/AA ratio, SiR/Ge ratio, and sodium hydroxide concentration are set at 0.85, 0.70, and 14 M, respectively. SEM micrographs of samples with good fire retardant properties showed that the char residue of the geopolymer composite coating, which is a layer of excess silicone rubber, is porous and continuous, thus providing a shielding effect for the layer of geopolymer underneath. The sample with good moisture absorption showed the formation of a thin outer layer of silicone rubber without any cracks. The unreacted SiR formed a thin layer beneath the geopolymer composite matrix providing a good moisture barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.H.Y.); (R.A.T.); (I.S.M.A.T.)
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tee Hui Yek
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.H.Y.); (R.A.T.); (I.S.M.A.T.)
| | - Rosnita A. Talib
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.H.Y.); (R.A.T.); (I.S.M.A.T.)
| | - Intan Syafinaz Mohamed Amin Tawakkal
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (T.H.Y.); (R.A.T.); (I.S.M.A.T.)
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hasnah Kamarudin
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Norkhairunnisa Mazlan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Maidin
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia; (N.A.M.); (M.H.A.R.)
| | - Mohd Hidayat Ab Rahman
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal 76100, Melaka, Malaysia; (N.A.M.); (M.H.A.R.)
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Recent trends in organic coating based on biopolymers and biomass for controlled and slow release fertilizers. J Control Release 2021; 330:341-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mohd Basri MS, Mustapha F, Mazlan N, Ishak MR. Optimization of Adhesion Strength and Microstructure Properties by Using Response Surface Methodology in Enhancing the Rice Husk Ash-Based Geopolymer Composite Coating. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2709. [PMID: 33207752 PMCID: PMC7697585 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of their significant importance and applications in vast areas, including oil and gas, building construction, offshore structures, ships, and bridges, coating materials are regularly exposed to harsh environments which leads to coating delamination. Therefore, optimum interfacial bonding between coating and substrate, and the reason behind excellent adhesion strength is of utmost importance. However, the majority of studies on polymer coatings have used a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. The main objective of this study was to implement statistical analysis in optimizing the factors to provide the optimum adhesion strength and to study the microstructure of a rice husk ash (RHA)-based geopolymer composite coating (GCC). Response surface methodology was used to design experiments and perform analyses. RHA/alkali activated (AA) ratio and curing temperature were chosen as factors. Adhesion tests were carried out using an Elcometer and a scanning electron microscope was used to observe the microstructure. Results showed that an optimum adhesion strength of 4.7 MPa could be achieved with the combination of RHA/AA ratio of 0.25 and curing temperature at 75 °C. The microstructure analysis revealed that coating with high adhesion strength had good interfacial bonding with the substrate. This coating had good wetting ability in which the coating penetrated the valleys of the profiles, thus wetting the entire substrate surface. A large portion of dense gel matrix also contributed to the high adhesion strength. Conversely, a large quantity of unreacted or partially reacted particles may result in low adhesion strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faizal Mustapha
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.M.); (N.M.); (M.R.I.)
| | - Norkhairunnisa Mazlan
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.M.); (N.M.); (M.R.I.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ridzwan Ishak
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.M.); (N.M.); (M.R.I.)
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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Beig B, Niazi MBK, Jahan Z, Kakar SJ, Shah GA, Shahid M, Zia M, Haq MU, Rashid MI. Biodegradable Polymer Coated Granular Urea Slows Down N Release Kinetics and Improves Spinach Productivity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112623. [PMID: 33171829 PMCID: PMC7695163 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Low nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency due to environmental N losses from fertilizers results in high-cost on-farm production. Urea coating with biodegradable polymers can prevent these losses by controlling the N release of fertilizers. We calculated N release kinetics of coated granular with various biodegradable polymeric materials and its impact on spinach yield and N uptake. Different formulations were used, (i) G-1: 10% starch + 5% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) + 5% molasses; (ii) G-2: 10% starch + 5% PVA + 5% paraffin wax (PW); (iii) G-3: 5% gelatin + 10% gum arabic + 5% PW; (iv) G-4: 5% molasses + 5% gelatin + 10% gum arabic, to coat urea using a fluidized bed coater. The morphological and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated that a uniform coating layer with no new phase formation occurred. In the G-2 treatment, maximum crushing strength (72.9 N) was achieved with a slowed-down N release rate and increased efficiency of 31%. This resulted in increased spinach dry foliage yield (47%), N uptake (60%) and apparent N recovery (ANR: 130%) from G-2 compared to uncoated urea (G-0). Therefore, coating granular urea with biodegradable polymers is a good choice to slower down the N release rate and enhances the crop yield and N utilization efficiency from urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Beig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan; (B.B.); (Z.J.)
| | - Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan; (B.B.); (Z.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-51-9085-5103
| | - Zaib Jahan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan; (B.B.); (Z.J.)
| | - Salik Javed Kakar
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H-12, Islamabad 24090, Pakistan;
| | - Ghulam Abbas Shah
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Murree Road Rawalpindi, Punjab 10370, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Munir Zia
- Research and Development Department, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited, 156-The Mall, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan; (M.Z.); (M.U.H.)
| | - Midrar Ul Haq
- Research and Development Department, Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited, 156-The Mall, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46300, Pakistan; (M.Z.); (M.U.H.)
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
- Centre of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Sathisaran I, Balasubramanian M. Physical characterization of chitosan/gelatin-alginate composite beads for controlled release of urea. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05495. [PMID: 33251361 PMCID: PMC7677684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based controlled-release formulations are gaining significant advantage over chemical fertilizers in recent years as they contribute to the preservation of soil fertility by reducing soil pollution in farm lands. In this work, urea (a nitrogen source fertilizer) has been entrapped within chitosan-alginate and gelatin-alginate composite beads at three different concentrations. The physical properties of the polymer composite beads namely the diameter, porosity, yield percentage, Carr's index and Hausner's ratio were determined. These fertilizer-loaded beads were also characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Urea enhanced swelling of chitosan-alginate beads through the creation of pores whereas in the case of gelatin-alginate formulations, urea decreased the swelling. The swelling of the polymer composite beads was found to be maximum at pH of 5.6 when compared to that of pH conditions, 7 and 8.5. The chitosan-alginate composite beads were found to possess better fertilizer entrapping efficiency than the gelatin-alginate composite beads. The in vitro urea release studies demonstrated that the urea-entrapped gelatin-alginate beads exhibited slower urea release than that of the chitosan-alginate beads. These controlled release urea formulations were found to follow quasi-fickian diffusion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indumathi Sathisaran
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat 382355, India
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Murugesan Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu, India
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