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Bakhchin D, Ravi R, Douadi O, Faqir M, Essadiqi E. Integrated catalytic systems for simultaneous NOx and PM reduction: a comprehensive evaluation of synergistic performance and combustion waste energy utilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34287-6. [PMID: 38980481 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The global transition towards sustainable automotive vehicles has driven the demand for energy-efficient internal combustion engines with advanced aftertreatment systems capable of reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. This comprehensive review explores the latest advancements in aftertreatment technologies, focusing on the synergistic integration of in-cylinder combustion strategies, such as low-temperature combustion (LTC), with post-combustion purification systems. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR), lean NOx traps (LNT), and diesel particulate filters (DPF) are critically examined, highlighting novel catalyst formulations and system configurations that enhance low-temperature performance and durability. The review also investigates the potential of energy conversion and recovery techniques, including thermoelectric generators and organic Rankine cycles, to harness waste heat from the exhaust and improve overall system efficiency. By analyzing the complex interactions between engine operating parameters, combustion kinetics, and emission formation, this study provides valuable insights into the optimization of integrated LTC-aftertreatment systems. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the importance of considering real-world driving conditions and transient operation in the development and evaluation of these technologies. The findings presented in this article lay the foundation for future research efforts aimed at overcoming the limitations of current aftertreatment systems and achieving superior emission reduction performance in advanced combustion engines, ultimately contributing to the development of sustainable and efficient automotive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikra Bakhchin
- School of Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, LERMA Laboratory, International University of Rabat, 11000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rajesh Ravi
- School of Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, LERMA Laboratory, International University of Rabat, 11000, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Oumaima Douadi
- School of Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, LERMA Laboratory, International University of Rabat, 11000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Faqir
- School of Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, LERMA Laboratory, International University of Rabat, 11000, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Elhachmi Essadiqi
- School of Aerospace and Automotive Engineering, LERMA Laboratory, International University of Rabat, 11000, Rabat, Morocco
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2
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Sigala-Aguilar NA, López MG, Fernández-Luqueño F. Carbon-based nanomaterials as inducers of biocompounds in plants: Potential risks and perspectives. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 212:108753. [PMID: 38781637 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Biocompounds are metabolites synthesized by plants, with clinically proven capacity in preventing and treating degenerative diseases in humans. Carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) are atomic structures that assume different hybridization and shape. Due to the reactive property, CNMs can induce the synthesis of metabolites, such as biocompounds in cells and various plant species, by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response, plants positively or negatively regulate the expression of various families of genes and enzymes involved in physiological and metabolomic pathways of plants, such as carbon and nitrogen metabolism, which are directly involved in plant development and growth. Likewise, ROS can modulate the expression of enzymes and genes related to the adaptation of plants to stress, such as the glutathione ascorbate cycle, the shikimic acid, and phenylpropanoid pathways, from which the largest amount of biocompounds in plants are derived. This document exposes the ability of three CNMs (fullerene, graphene, and carbon nanotubes) to positively or negatively regulate the activity of enzymes and genes involved in various plant species' primary and secondary metabolism. The mechanism of action of CNMs on the production of biocompounds and the effect of the translocation of CNMs on the growth and content of primary metabolites in plants are described. Adverse effects of CNMs on plants, prospects, and possible risks involved are also discussed. The use of CNMs as inducers of biocompounds in plants could have implications and relevance for human health, crop quality, and plant adaptation and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayelli Azucena Sigala-Aguilar
- Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy Programs, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the IPN, Saltillo, 25900, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Mercedes G López
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the IPN, Irapuato, 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Fabián Fernández-Luqueño
- Sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy Programs, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the IPN, Saltillo, 25900, Coahuila, Mexico.
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3
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Mehta D, Thakur N, Nagaiah TC. Label-Free Assessment of Neuron-Specific Enolase via Polydopamine over a Carbon-Nanotube-Based Flexible Immunosensor. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 38910532 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
A label-free electrochemical immunosensor was developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The electropolymerization of dopamine in conjunction with highly conductive carbon nanotubes offers a simple and quick platform for the direct anchoring of antibodies without the assistance of any coupling agent as well as a blocking agent. The developed immunosensor exhibited a wider detection range from 120 pM (9 ng mL-1) to 3 nM (200 ng mL-1) for NSE with a high sensitivity of 3.9 μA pM-1 cm-2 in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at physiological pH (7.4). Moreover, the short recognition time (15 min) for the antigen enabled the detection to be fast and less invasive. Additionally, the evaluation of a rate constant at various concentrations of NSE via feedback mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) explained the profound effect of antigen concentration on the rate of flow of electrons. Therefore, the proposed immunosensor can be a promising tool for the early detection of small cell lung cancer in a very short period of time with consistent accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Tharamani C Nagaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
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4
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Pereira L, Castillo V, Calero M, Blázquez G, Solís RR, Ángeles Martín-Lara M. Conversion of char from pyrolysis of plastic wastes into alternative activated carbons for heavy metal removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118558. [PMID: 38412913 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The valorization of post-consumer mixed plastics in pyrolysis processes represents an abundant reservoir of carbon that can be effectively converted into useful chars. This process not only holds appeal in terms of improving plastic waste concerns but also contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, thus aligning with the principles of a circular economy paradigm. In this study, the char produced from the pyrolysis of post-consumer mixed plastic waste has been activated with Na2CO3, KOH, NaOH, and K2CO3 to improve the textural, structural, and composition characteristics, leading to improved adsorption capability. These characteristics were studied by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, elemental and immediate analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The developed surface area (SBET) was 573, 939, 704 and 592 m2 g-1 for Na2CO3, KOH, NaOH and K2CO3 activated carbons, respectively. These activated chars (ACs) were tested for the adsorption of heavy metals in both synthetic waters containing Pb, Cd, and Cu and industrial wastewater collected at an agrochemical production plant. Na2CO3-AC was the best performing material. The metal uptake in synthetic waters using a batch set-up was 40, 13 and 12 mg g-1 for Pb, Cd and Cu. Experiments in a column set-up using Na2CO3-AC resulted in a saturation time of 290, 16, and 80 min for Pb, Cd, and Cu synthetic waters, respectively, and metal uptakes of 26.8, 4.1, and 7.9 mg g-1, respectively. The agrochemical effluents, containing mainly Cr, Cu, Mn, and Zn were tested in a plug-flow column. The metal uptake notably decreased compared to synthetic water due to a competition effect for active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ledicia Pereira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Ventura Castillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Mónica Calero
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain.
| | - Gabriel Blázquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain.
| | - Rafael R Solís
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
| | - M Ángeles Martín-Lara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n 18071 Granada Spain
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5
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Yeoh GH, De Cachinho Cordeiro IM, Wang W, Wang C, Yuen ACY, Chen TBY, Vargas JB, Mao G, Garbe U, Chua HT. Carbon-based Flame Retardants for Polymers: A Bottom-up Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403835. [PMID: 38814633 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This state-of-the-art review is geared toward elucidating the molecular understanding of the carbon-based flame-retardant mechanisms for polymers via holistic characterization combining detailed analytical assessments and computational material science. The use of carbon-based flame retardants, which include graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots (CDs), and fullerenes, in their pure and functionalized forms are initially reviewed to evaluate their flame retardancy performance and to determine their elevation of the flammability resistance on various types of polymers. The early transition metal carbides such as MXenes, regarded as next-generation carbon-based flame retardants, are discussed with respect to their superior flame retardancy and multifunctional applications. At the core of this review is the utilization of cutting-edge molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which sets a precedence of an alternative bottom-up approach to fill the knowledge gap through insights into the thermal resisting process of the carbon-based flame retardants, such as the formation of carbonaceous char and intermediate chemical reactions offered by the unique carbon bonding arrangements and microscopic in-situ architectures. Combining MD simulations with detailed experimental assessments and characterization, a more targeted development as well as a systematic material synthesis framework can be realized for the future development of advanced flame-retardant polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Heng Yeoh
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | | | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony Chun Yin Yuen
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Timothy Bo Yuan Chen
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Juan Baena Vargas
- Commonwealth Science Industry Research Organisation (CSIRO), North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, 2113, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ulf Garbe
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC, Sydney, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Hui Tong Chua
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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6
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Mousavi SM, Nezhad FF, Ghahramani Y, Binazadeh M, Javidi Z, Azhdari R, Gholami A, Omidifar N, Rahman MM, Chiang WH. Recent Advances in Bioactive Carbon Nanotubes Based on Polymer Composites for Biosensor Applications. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202301288. [PMID: 38697942 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in the field of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have opened up unprecedented opportunities for the development of specialized bioactive CNT-polymers for a variety of biosensor applications. The incorporation of bioactive materials, including DNA, aptamers and antibodies, into CNTs to produce composites of bioactive CNTs has attracted considerable attention. In addition, polymers are essential for the development of biosensors as they provide biocompatible conditions and are the ideal matrix for the immobilization of proteins. The numerous applications of bioactive compounds combined with the excellent chemical and physical properties of CNTs have led to the development of bioactive CNT-polymer composites. This article provides a comprehensive overview of CNT-polymer composites and new approaches to encapsulate bioactive compounds and polymers in CNTs. Finally, biosensor applications of bioactive CNT-polymer for the detection of glucose, H2O2 and cholesterol were investigated. The surface of CNT-polymer facilitates the immobilization of bioactive molecules such as DNA, enzymes or antibodies, which in turn enables the construction of state-of-the-art, future-oriented biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yasamin Ghahramani
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Binazadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Mollasadra Street, 71345, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Zahra Javidi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Azhdari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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7
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Jintoku H, Futaba DN. Machine Learning-Assisted Exploration and Identification of Aqueous Dispersants in the Vast Diversity of Organic Chemicals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11800-11808. [PMID: 38390722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Dispersion represents a central processing method in the organization of nanomaterials; however, the strong interparticle interaction represents a significant obstacle to fabricating homogeneous and stable dispersions. While dispersants can greatly assist in overcoming this obstacle, the appropriate type is dependent on such factors as nanomaterial, solvent, experimental conditions, etc., and there is no general guide to assist in the selection from the vast number of possibilities. We report a strategy and successful demonstration of the machine-learning-based "Dispersant Explorer", which surveys and identifies suitable dispersants from open databases. Through the combined use of experimental and molecular descriptors derived from SMILES databases, the model showed exceptional predictive accuracy in surveying about ∼1000 chemical compounds and identifying those that could be applied as dispersants. Furthermore, fabrication of transparent conducting films using the predicted and previously unknown dispersant exhibited the highest sheet resistance and transmittance compared with those of other reported undoped films. This result highlights that, in addition to opening new avenues for novel dispersant discovery, machine learning has a potential to elucidate the chemical structures essential for optimal dispersion performance to assist in the advancement of the complex topic of nanomaterial processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Jintoku
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
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8
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Zhang H, Jiang H, Liu X, Wang X. A review of innovative electrochemical strategies for bioactive molecule detection and cell imaging: Current advances and challenges. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:341920. [PMID: 38057043 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity poses a major challenge for tumor theranostics, requiring high-resolution intercellular bioanalysis strategies. Over the past decades, the advantages of electrochemical analysis, such as high sensitivity, good spatio-temporal resolution, and ease of use, have made it the preferred method to uncover cellular differences. To inspire more creative research, herein, we highlight seminal works in electrochemical techniques for biomolecule analysis and bioimaging. Specifically, micro/nano-electrode-based electrochemical techniques enable real-time quantitative analysis of electroactive substances relevant to life processes in the micro-nanostructure of cells and tissues. Nanopore-based technique plays a vital role in biosensing by utilizing nanoscale pores to achieve high-precision detection and analysis of biomolecules with exceptional sensitivity and single-molecule resolution. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) technology is utilized for real-time monitoring of the behavior and features of individual cancer cells, enabling observation of their dynamic processes due to its capability of providing high-resolution and highly sensitive bioimaging of cells. Particularly, scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) which are widely used in real-time observation of cell surface biological processes and three-dimensional imaging of micro-nano structures, such as metabolic activity, ion channel activity, and cell morphology are introduced in this review. Furthermore, the expansion of the scope of cellular electrochemistry research by innovative functionalized electrodes and electrochemical imaging models and strategies to address future challenges and potential applications is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
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9
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Fatkhutdinova LM, Gabidinova GF, Daminova AG, Dimiev AM, Khamidullin TL, Valeeva EV, Cokou AEE, Validov SZ, Timerbulatova GA. Mechanisms related to carbon nanotubes genotoxicity in human cell lines of respiratory origin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 482:116784. [PMID: 38070752 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Potential genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of carbon nanotubes (CNT), as well as the underlying mechanisms, remains a pressing topic. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the genotoxic effect and mechanisms of DNA damage under exposure to different types of CNT. Immortalized human cell lines of respiratory origin BEAS-2B, A549, MRC5-SV40 were exposed to three types of CNT: MWCNT Taunit-M, pristine and purified SWCNT TUBALL™ at concentrations in the range of 0.0006-200 μg/ml. Data on the CNT content in the workplace air were used to calculate the lower concentration limit. The genotoxic potential of CNTs was investigated at non-cytotoxic concentrations using a DNA comet assay. We explored reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, direct genetic material damage, and expression of a profibrotic factor TGFB1 as mechanisms related to genotoxicity upon CNT exposure. An increase in the number of unstable DNA regions was observed at a subtoxic concentration of CNT (20 μg/ml), with no genotoxic effects at concentrations corresponding to industrial exposures being found. While the three test articles of CNTs exhibited comparable genotoxic potential, their mechanisms appeared to differ. MWCNTs were found to penetrate the nucleus of respiratory cells, potentially interacting directly with genetic material, as well as to enhance ROS production and TGFB1 gene expression. For A549 and MRC5-SV40, genotoxicity depended mainly on MWCNT concentration, while for BEAS-2B - on ROS production. Mechanisms of SWCNT genotoxicity were not so obvious. Oxidative stress and increased expression of profibrotic factors could not fully explain DNA damage under SWCNT exposure, and other mechanisms might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ayrat M Dimiev
- Kazan Federal University, Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Timur L Khamidullin
- Kazan Federal University, Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Nanomaterials, Kazan 420008, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Valeeva
- Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russian Federation
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10
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Shar A, Shar A, Joung D. Carbon nanotube nanocomposite scaffolds: advances in fabrication and applications for tissue regeneration and cancer therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1299166. [PMID: 38179128 PMCID: PMC10764633 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1299166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite scaffolds have emerged as highly promising frameworks for tissue engineering research. By leveraging their intrinsic electrical conductivity and valuable mechanical properties, CNTs are commonly dispersed into polymers to create robust, electrically conductive scaffolds that facilitate tissue regeneration and remodeling. This article explores the latest progress and challenges related to CNT dispersion, functionalization, and scaffold printing techniques, including electrospinning and 3D printing. Notably, these CNT scaffolds have demonstrated remarkable positive effects across various cell culture systems, stimulating neuronal growth, promoting cardiomyocyte maturation, and facilitating osteocyte differentiation. These encouraging results have sparked significant interest within the regenerative medicine field, including neural, cardiac, muscle, and bone regenerations. However, addressing the concern of CNT cytotoxicity in these scaffolds remains critical. Consequently, substantial efforts are focused on exploring strategies to minimize cytotoxicity associated with CNT-based scaffolds. Moreover, researchers have also explored the intriguing possibility of utilizing the natural cytotoxic properties of CNTs to selectively target cancer cells, opening up promising avenues for cancer therapy. More research should be conducted on cutting-edge applications of CNT-based scaffolds through phototherapy and electrothermal ablation. Unlike drug delivery systems, these novel methodologies can combine 3D additive manufacturing with the innate physical properties of CNT in response to electromagnetic stimuli to efficiently target localized tumors. Taken together, the unique properties of CNT-based nanocomposite scaffolds position them as promising candidates for revolutionary breakthroughs in both regenerative medicine and cancer treatment. Continued research and innovation in this area hold significant promise for improving healthcare outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Shar
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Angela Shar
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daeha Joung
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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11
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Vidakis N, Petousis M, Michailidis N, Mountakis N, Argyros A, Spiridaki M, Moutsopoulou A, Papadakis V, Charitidis C. High-Density Polyethylene/Carbon Black Composites in Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing: Conductivity, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Responses. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4717. [PMID: 38139968 PMCID: PMC10747577 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density polyethylene polymer (HDPE) and carbon black (CB) were utilized to create HDPE/CB composites with different filler concentrations (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 16.0, 20.0, and 24.0 wt.%). The composites were extruded into filaments, which were then utilized to fabricate 3D-printed specimens with the material extrusion (MEX) method, suitable for a variety of standard mechanical tests. The electrical conductivity was investigated. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were carried out for all the HDPE/CB composites and pure HDPE. Scanning electron microscopy in different magnifications was performed on the specimens' fracture and side surfaces to investigate the morphological characteristics. Rheological tests and Raman spectroscopy were also performed. Eleven different tests in total were performed to fully characterize the composites and reveal connections between their various properties. HDPE/CB 20.0 wt.% showed the greatest reinforcement results in relation to pure HDPE. Such composites are novel in the MEX 3D printing method. The addition of the CB filler greatly enhanced the performance of the popular HDPE polymer, expanding its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nectarios Vidakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Markos Petousis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Nikolaos Michailidis
- Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Research & Development of Advanced Materials (CERDAM), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Centre, Building B’, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mountakis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Apostolos Argyros
- Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Research & Development of Advanced Materials (CERDAM), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Centre, Building B’, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mariza Spiridaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Amalia Moutsopoulou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece; (N.V.); (N.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Vassilis Papadakis
- Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece;
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, N. Plastira 100m, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Costas Charitidis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering NTUA, National Technical University, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece
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12
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Totah HS, Moujdin IA, Abulkhair HA, Albeirutty M. Influence of Inner Gas Curing Technique on the Development of Thermoplastic Nanocomposite Reinforcement. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7179. [PMID: 38005108 PMCID: PMC10672929 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a comprehensive shrinkage and tensile strength characterization of unsaturated polyester (UPE-8340) and vinyl ester (VE-922) epoxy matrices and composites reinforced with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was conducted. The aspect ratio of UPE and VE with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) was kept at 1:16.6; however, the weight of the MWCNTs was varied from 0.03 to 0.3 gm for the doping of the reinforced nanocomposites. Using a dumbbell-shaped mold, samples of the epoxy matrix without MWCNTs and with reinforced UPE/MWCNT and VE/MWCNT nanocomposites were made. The samples were then cured in a typical ambient chamber with air and an inner gas (carbon dioxide). The effect of the MWCNTs on UPE- and VE-reinforced composites was studied by observing the curing kinetics, shrinkage, and tensile properties, as well as the surface free energy of each reinforced sample in confined saline water. The CO2 curing results reveal that the absence of O2 shows a significantly lower shrinkage rate and higher tensile strength and flexural modulus of UPE- and VE-reinforced nanocomposite samples compared with air-cured reinforced nanocomposites. The construction that was air- and CO2-cured produced results in the shape of a dumbbell, and a flawless surface was seen. The results also show that smaller quantities of MWCNTs made the UPET- and VE-reinforced nanocomposites more stable when they were absorbed and adsorbed in concentrated salt water. Perhaps, compared to air-cured nanocomposites, CO2-cured UPE and VE nanocomposites were better at reducing shrinkage, having important mechanical properties, absorbing water, and being resistant to seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Saber Totah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmed Moujdin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Abdulelah Abulkhair
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Albeirutty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Nian B, Yang S, Hu Y. Enhanced stability and catalytic performance of laccase immobilized on magnetic graphene oxide modified with ionic liquids. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:118975. [PMID: 37716172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphite oxide (GO) is an excellent laccase immobilization material. However, the electrostatic interaction between graphene leads to the accumulation of GO, as well as the interaction with the surface of enzyme molecules causing protein denaturation and deactivation, which limits its further industrial application. In this study, the ionic liquids (ILs) modification strategy was proposed to improve the stability and catalytic performance of immobilized laccase. The laccase-ILs-MGO exhibited remarkable enzymatic properties, with significant enhancements in organic solvent tolerance, thermal and operational stability. The laccase-ILs-MGO system exhibited a remarkable removal efficiency of 95.5% towards 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) within 12 h and maintained over 70.0% removal efficiency after seven reaction cycles. In addition, the efficient elimination of other phenolic compounds and recalcitrant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons could also be accomplished. Molecular dynamics simulation and molecular docking studies demonstrated that immobilized laccase exhibited superior structural rigidity and stronger hydrogen bond interactions with substrates compared to free laccase, which was beneficial for the stability of both the laccase and substrate degradation efficiency. Therefore, this study proposed a simple and practical strategy for modifying GO with ILs, providing novel insights into developing efficient enzyme immobilization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shipin Yang
- College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
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14
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Calderón-Villajos R, Sánchez M, Leones A, Peponi L, Manzano-Santamaría J, López AJ, Ureña A. An Analysis of the Self-Healing and Mechanical Properties as well as Shape Memory of 3D-Printed Surlyn ® Nanocomposites Reinforced with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4326. [PMID: 37960006 PMCID: PMC10650841 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This research work studies the self-healing ability, mechanical properties, and shape memory of the polymer Surlyn® 8940 with and without multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as a nanoreinforcement. This polymer comes from a partially neutralized poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) ionomer copolymer. MWCNTs and the polymer went through a mixing process aimed at achieving an excellent dispersion. Later, an optimized extrusion method was used to produce a uniform reinforced filament, which was the input for the 3D-printing process that was used to create the final test samples. Various concentrations of MWCNTs (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt.%) were used to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties, self-healing ability, and shape memory of unreinforced and nanoreinforced materials. Results show an enhancement of the mechanical properties and self-healing ability through the addition of MWCNTs to the matrix of polymer, and the specimens showed shape memory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Calderón-Villajos
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - María Sánchez
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - Adrián Leones
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, ICTP-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain (L.P.)
| | - Laura Peponi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Calle Juan de la Cierva 3, ICTP-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain (L.P.)
| | - Javier Manzano-Santamaría
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - Antonio Julio López
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
| | - Alejandro Ureña
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Materials Science and Engineering and Electronic Technology, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain; (J.M.-S.); (A.J.L.); (A.U.)
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15
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Mitulinsky A, Gaydaychuk A, Zenkin S, Meisner S, Bulakh V, Linnik S. Integration of Carbon Nanotubes in an HFCVD Diamond Synthesis Process in a Methane-Rich H 2/CH 4 Gas Mixture. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6755. [PMID: 37895737 PMCID: PMC10607995 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present experimental data on carbon nanotubes integration during diamond synthesis. Carbon nanotubes layers were preliminarily deposited on silicon and diamond substrates, after which the substrates were loaded into the HFCVD reactor for further growth of the diamond phase. The CVD process was held in an argon-free H2/CH4 working gas mixture without the use of a catalyst for carbon nanotubes growth. It is shown that in a wide range of studied working gas composition (CH4 concentration up to 28.6 vol.%) nanotubes etched from the substrate surface before the diamond growth process began.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mitulinsky
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.G.); (S.Z.); (V.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Alexander Gaydaychuk
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.G.); (S.Z.); (V.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Sergei Zenkin
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.G.); (S.Z.); (V.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Stanislav Meisner
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, 634055 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Vlada Bulakh
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.G.); (S.Z.); (V.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Stepan Linnik
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (A.G.); (S.Z.); (V.B.); (S.L.)
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16
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Venkatesan R, Surya S, Suganthi S, Muthuramamoorthy M, Pandiaraj S, Kim SC. Biodegradable composites from poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) with carbon nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and performances. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116634. [PMID: 37442258 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of composites for food packaging that have good mechanical and antimicrobial characteristics is still a major challenge. In applications like food packaging, the usage of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), which has an adversative effect on the environment and reduces petroleum resources, has grown widespread. The present work reveals PBAT composites reinforced with CNPs at a few percentages up to 5.0 wt %. The PBAT/CNPs composites were produced using the solvent casting method. The results of TGA studies, CNPs significantly enhanced the thermal stability of composites using PBAT. The mechanical strength of the PBAT composites was improved by increasing CNPs concentration. Tensile strength increased from 7.38 to 10.22 MPa, respectively. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) decreased with increasing the CNPs concentrations. The barrier properties (H2O and O2) of PBAT were improved by the presence of CNPs. WVTR was calculated to be 108.6 ± 1.8 g/m2/day for PBAT. WVTR reduced when CNPs concentration in PBAT increased. The PCN-5.0 film sample had the lowest WVTR value, 34.1 ± 3.1 g/m2/day. For PCN-3.0, WVTR dropped by 45.39%, indicating and even with a 3.0 wt% loading of CNPs in PBAT, the rise is noticeable. Contact angle measurements indicate that PBAT/CNPs composites becomes hydrophobic after reinforcing. Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) food-borne pathogenic microorganisms showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against the developed PBAT composites. The carrot pieces preserved their freshness for an extended period of 12 days while packaged in the PBAT/CNPs composite film, indicating that the film is an effective and excellent packaging for food materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Venkatesan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sekar Surya
- Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeevamuthu Suganthi
- Advanced Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Periyar University, Salem, 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department of Self-Development Skills, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Bora P, Bhuyan C, Borah AR, Hazarika S. Carbon nanomaterials for designing next-generation membranes and their emerging applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11320-11336. [PMID: 37671435 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have enormous applications in various fields, such as adsorption, membrane separation, catalysis, electronics, capacitors, batteries, and medical sciences. Owing to their exceptional properties, such as large specific surface area, carrier mobility, flexibility, electrical conductivity, and optical pellucidity, the family of carbon nanomaterials is considered as one of the most studied group of materials to date. They are abundantly used in membrane science for multiple applications, such as the separation of organics, enantiomeric separation, gas separation, biomolecule separation, heavy metal separation, and wastewater treatment. This study provides an overview of the significant studies on carbon nanomaterial-based membranes and their emerging applications in our membrane research journey. The types of carbon nanomaterials, their utilization in membrane-based separations, and the mechanism involved are summarized in this study. Techniques for the fabrication of different nanocomposite membranes are also highlighted. Lastly, we have provided an overview of the existing issues and future scopes of carbon nanomaterial-based membranes for technological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Bora
- Chemical Engineering Group and Centre for Petroleum Research CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Chinmoy Bhuyan
- Chemical Engineering Group and Centre for Petroleum Research CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Akhil Ranjan Borah
- Chemical Engineering Group and Centre for Petroleum Research CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Swapnali Hazarika
- Chemical Engineering Group and Centre for Petroleum Research CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat - 785006, Assam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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18
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Machida S. Deposition of silver nanoparticles on nanoscroll-supported inorganic solid using incompletely rolled-up kaolinite. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26430-26434. [PMID: 37671348 PMCID: PMC10476024 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04383e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscroll-supported platy particles were prepared by incomplete rolling-up of kaolinite layers; when the rolling-up of the kaolinite layer followed by its exfoliation incompletely proceeds, kaolinite nanoscrolls were found at the edge of kaolinite platy particles. To assess the support property of these nanoscroll-supported platy particles, when the deposition of Ag nanoparticles was conducted, these nanoparticles were present on the surface of platy particles and in the tubular interior of nanoscrolls at the edge of platy particles but absent on the surface of ordinal kaolinites, as revealed by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. These results indicated the successful formation and support property of nanoscroll-supported platy particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Machida
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Faculty of Advanced Engineering, Tokyo University of Science 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku Tokyo 125-8585 Japan
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19
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Ramos PZ, Sarmah A, Green MJ, Richards JJ. In situ investigation of the rheological and dielectric properties of a cross-linking carbon nanotube-thermosetting epoxy. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6168-6175. [PMID: 37548747 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00622k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Radio-frequency (RF) heating of thermosetting epoxies is an agile method to decouple the extrudability of epoxy resins from their buildability for additive manufacturing. Through this method, the resin is extruded in the liquid state at the early stages of curing. Then, an RF applicator induces a rapid and uniform increase in temperature of the resin, accelerating the solidification of the printed feature. Understanding the evolution of the resin's RF heating response as it cures is therefore critical in meeting the demands of additive manufacturing. In this work, we show that the high-frequency dielectric loss, determined using in situ rheo-dielectric measurements, of both neat and carbon nanotube (CNT) filled resins is correlated to the heating response at different temperatures throughout curing. Furthermore, we show that the presence of CNTs within the resin augments the heating response and that their dispersion quality is critical to achieving rapid heating rates during the cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Z Ramos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
| | - Anubhav Sarmah
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Micah J Green
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Jeffrey J Richards
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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20
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Wu Y, Qu W, Qiu C, Chen K, Zhuang Y, Zeng Z, Yan Y, Gu Y, Tao W, Gao J, Li K. The Method and Study of Detecting Phenanthrene in Seawater Based on a Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Oligosaccharide Modified Electrode Immunosensor. Molecules 2023; 28:5701. [PMID: 37570671 PMCID: PMC10420227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenanthrene (PHE), as a structurally simple, tricyclic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), is widely present in marine environments and organisms, with serious ecological and health impacts. It is crucial to study fast and simple high-sensitivity detection methods for phenanthrene in seawater for the environment and the human body. In this paper, a immunosensor was prepared by using a multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNTs)-chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) nanocomposite membrane loaded with phenanthrene antibody. The principle was based on the antibody-antigen reaction in the immune reaction, using the strong electron transfer ability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, coupled with chitosan oligosaccharides with an excellent film formation and biocompatibility, to amplify the detection signal. The content of the phenanthrene in seawater was studied via differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) using a potassium ferricyanide system as a redox probe. The antibody concentration, pH value, and probe concentration were optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the response peak current of the phenanthrene was inversely proportional to the concentration of phenanthrene, in the range from 0.5 ng·mL-1 to 80 ng·mL-1, and the detection limit was 0.30 ng·mL-1. The immune sensor was successfully applied to the detection of phenanthrene in marine water, with a recovery rate of 96.1~101.5%, and provided a stable, sensitive, and accurate method for the real-time monitoring of marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wu
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Wei Qu
- Eastern Michigan Associated Engineering College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Chengjun Qiu
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering Equipment and Technology, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Zexi Zeng
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Yirou Yan
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Yang Gu
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Wei Tao
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Ke Li
- College of Mechanical, Naval Architecture & Ocean Engineering, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China; (Y.W.); (C.Q.); (K.C.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Y.G.); (W.T.); (J.G.); (K.L.)
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21
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Shen J, Li X, Li P, Shentu B. Exploring thermodynamic and structural properties of carbon nanotube/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21080-21087. [PMID: 37448641 PMCID: PMC10336647 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03000h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites have emerged as promising materials for various applications in the field of nanotechnology. An understanding of the thermodynamic and structural properties is of fundamental significance in designing and fabricating CNT/TPU nanocomposites with desired properties. To this end, this work has employed atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the thermal properties and interfacial characteristics of TPU composites filled with pristine or functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Simulations reveal that the introduction of SWNTs suppresses TPU chain dynamics and favors the hydrogen bond formation induced by the wrapping of TPU chains around SWNTs, leading to an increase of glass transition temperature (Tg) and a reduction of volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) in the rubbery state. Compared to pristine and hydrogenated SWNTs, SWNTs featuring polar groups, such as carboxyl (-COOH), oxhydryl (-OH) and amine (-NH2) groups, show improved affinity for TPU molecules, suppressing polymer mobility. Analysis of SWNT/TPU binding energy and solubility parameter suggests that electrostatic interactions are responsible for such a functionalized SWNT/TPU interface enhancement. Furthermore, the amine groups exhibit the highest potential for forming hydrogen bonds with the urethane carbonyl (-C[double bond, length as m-dash]O) of TPU chains, resulting in lowest polymer mobility and highest Tg. In general, this research work could provide some guidance for material design of polymer nanocomposites and future simulations relevant to TPUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiang Shen
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Jiaxing University Jiaxing 314001 China
- Zhejiang Double Arrow Rubber Co., Ltd. Tongxiang 314513 China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Jiaxing Nanhu University Jiaxing 314001 China
| | - Ping Li
- Zhejiang Double Arrow Rubber Co., Ltd. Tongxiang 314513 China
| | - Baoqing Shentu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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22
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Tretyakov IV, Petrova TV, Kireynov AV, Korokhin RA, Platonova EO, Alexeeva OV, Gorbatkina YA, Solodilov VI, Yurkov GY, Berlin AA. Fracture of Epoxy Matrixes Modified with Thermo-Plastic Polymers and Winding Glass Fibers Reinforced Plastics on Their Base under Low-Velocity Impact Condition. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2958. [PMID: 37447603 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The work is aimed at studying the impact resistance of epoxy oligomer matrices (EO) modified with polysulfone (PSU) or polyethersulfone (PES) and glass fibers reinforced plastics (GFRP) based on them under low-velocity impact conditions. The concentration dependences of strength and fracture energy of modified matrices and GFRP were determined. It has been determined that the type of concentration curves of the fracture energy of GFRP depends on the concentration and type of the modifying polymer. It is shown that strength σ and fracture energy EM of thermoplastic-modified epoxy matrices change little in the concentration range from 0 to 15 wt.%. However, even with the introduction of 20 wt.% PSU into EO, the strength increases from 164 MPa to 200 MPa, and the fracture energy from 32 kJ/m2 to 39 kJ/m2. The effect of increasing the strength and fracture energy of modified matrices is retained in GFRP. The maximum increase in shear strength (from 72 MPa to 87 MPa) is observed for GFRP based on the EO + 15 wt.% PSU matrix. For GFRP based on EO + 20 wt.% PES, the shear strength is reduced to 69 MPa. The opposite effect is observed for the EO + 20 wt.% PES matrix, where the strength value decreases from 164 MPa to 75 MPa, and the energy decreases from 32 kJ/m2 to 10 kJ/m2. The reference value for the fracture energy of GFRP 615 is 741 kJ/m2. The maximum fracture energy for GFRP is based on EO + 20 wt.% PSU increases to 832 kJ/m2 for GFRP based on EO + 20 wt.% PES-up to 950 kJ/m2. The study of the morphology of the fracture surfaces of matrices and GFRP confirmed the dependence of impact characteristics on the microstructure of the modified matrices and the degree of involvement in the process of crack formation. The greatest effect is achieved for matrices with a phase structure "thermoplastic matrix-epoxy dispersion." Correlations between the fracture energy and strength of EO + PES matrices and GFRP have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Tretyakov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tuyara V Petrova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksey V Kireynov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Korokhin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena O Platonova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Alexeeva
- N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Gorbatkina
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitaliy I Solodilov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb Yu Yurkov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Al Berlin
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Li Z, Guo Z, Yang Y. Preparation and Appraisal of High‐Modulus Resin‐Based Composites Reinforced by Silica‐Coated Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Central South University Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
| | - Ziteng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Central South University Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Central South University Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 People's Republic of China
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Abdelrazek EM, Hezma AM, El-khodary A, Elzayat AM, Rajeh A. Modifying of Structural, Optical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of PCL/PMMA Biomaterial Blend Doped With MWCNTs as an Application in Materials Science. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Saleh SSM, Omar MF, Akil HM, Kudus MHA, Abdullah MMAB, Sandu AV, Vizureanu P, Halim KAA, Rasidi MSM, Mahamud SNS, Sandu I, Nosbi N. Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes/Alumina Hybrid-Filled Phenolic Composite with Enhanced Wear Resistance. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2772. [PMID: 37049066 PMCID: PMC10095878 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid fillers can be produced via various methods, such as physical mixing and chemical modification. However, there is a limited number of studies on the effect of hybridisation on the mechanical performance of hybrid filler-reinforced polymer composites, especially in the context of wear performance. This study investigated the wear resistance of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/alumina hybrid-filled phenolic composite, where two hybrid methods were used to produce the CNTs/alumina hybrid filler. The CNTs/alumina (CVD hybrid) was synthesised using the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method, whereas the CNTs-/alumina (physically hybrid) was prepared using the ball milling method. The CNTs/alumina hybrid filler was then used as a filler in the phenolic composites. The composites were prepared using a hot mounting press and then subjected to a dry sliding wear test using a pin-on-disc (POD) tester. The results show that the composite filled with the CVD hybrid filler (HYB composite) had better wear resistance than the composite filled with physically hybrid filler (PHY composite) and pure phenolic. At 5 wt%, the HYB composite showed a 74.68% reduction in wear, while the PHY composite showed a 56.44% reduction in wear compared to pure phenolic. The HYB composite exhibited the lowest average coefficient of friction (COF) compared to the PHY composite and pure phenolic. The average COF decreased with increasing sliding speeds and applied loads. The phenolic composites' wear and average COF are in the order HYB composite < PHY composite < pure phenolic under all sliding speeds and applied loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Shuhadah Md Saleh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Firdaus Omar
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Hazizan Md Akil
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Helmi Abdul Kudus
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Andrei Victor Sandu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 41 D. Mangeron St., 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Inventors Forum, Str. Sf. P. Movila 3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development for Environmental Protection INCDPM, 294 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petrica Vizureanu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 41 D. Mangeron St., 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, Dacia Blvd 26, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Syarifah Nuraqmar Syed Mahamud
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Ion Sandu
- Romanian Inventors Forum, Str. Sf. P. Movila 3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
- National Institute for Research and Development for Environmental Protection INCDPM, 294 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- Arheoinvest Platform, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 22, Iasi 700506, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists AOSR, 54 Splaiul Independentei St., Sect 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Norlin Nosbi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Corrosion Research (CCR), Institute of Contaminant Management for Oil and Gas (ICM), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
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Li Y, Jiang JW. Modulation of thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes by fullerene encapsulation: the effect of vacancy defects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7734-7740. [PMID: 36880294 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04638e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess extremely high thermal conductivity that benefits their application in high-performance electronic devices. The characteristic hollow configuration of SWCNTs is not favorable for the buckling stability of the structure, which is typically resolved by fullerene encapsulation in practice. To investigate the fullerene encapsulation effect on thermal conductivity, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to comparatively study the thermal conductivity of pure SWCNTs and fullerene encapsulated SWCNTs. We focus on disclosing the relationship between the vacancy defect and the fullerene encapsulation effect on thermal conductivity. It is quite interesting that vacancy defects weaken the coupling strength between the nanotube shell and the fullerene, especially for narrower SWCNTs (9, 9), which will considerably reduce the effect of fullerene encapsulation on the thermal conductivity of narrower SWCNTs. However, for thicker SWCNTs (10, 10) and (11, 11), vacancy defects have an ignorable effect on the coupling strength between the nanotube shell and the fullerene due to plenty of free space in thicker SWCNTs, so vacancy defects are not important for the fullerene encapsulation effect on the thermal conductivity of thicker SWCNTs. These findings shall be valuable for the application of SWCNTs in thermoelectric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Aircraft Mechanics and Control, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Wu Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Aircraft Mechanics and Control, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China. .,Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
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Levin I, Radulescu A, Liberman L, Cohen Y. Block Copolymer Adsorption on the Surface of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Dispersion in N, N Dimethyl Formamide. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:838. [PMID: 36903716 PMCID: PMC10004759 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to characterize the adsorption morphology of block copolymer dispersants of the styrene-block-4-vinylpyridine family (S4VP) on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a polar organic solvent, N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). Good, unagglomerated dispersion is important in several applications such as fabricating CNT nanocomposites in a polymer film for electronic or optical devices. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements, using the contrast variation (CV) method, are used to evaluate the density and extension of the polymer chains adsorbed on the nanotube surface, which can yield insight into the means of successful dispersion. The results show that the block copolymers adsorb onto the MWCNT surface as a continuous coverage of low polymer concentration. Poly(styrene) (PS) blocks adsorb more tightly, forming a 20 Å layer containing about 6 wt.% PS, whereas poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) blocks emanate into the solvent, forming a thicker shell (totaling 110 Å in radius) but of very dilute (<1 wt.%) polymer concentration. This indicates strong chain extension. Increasing the PS molecular weight increases the thickness of the adsorbed layer but decreases the overall polymer concentration within it. These results are relevant for the ability of dispersed CNTs to form a strong interface with matrix polymers in composites, due to the extension of the 4VP chains allowing for entanglement with matrix chains. The sparse polymer coverage of the CNT surface may provide sufficient space to form CNT-CNT contacts in processed films and composites, which are important for electrical or thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Levin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-4) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Lucy Liberman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yachin Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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28
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Sadek EM, Ahmed SM, Mansour NA, Abd-El-Messieh SL, El-Komy D. Synthesis, characterization and properties of nanocomposites based on poly(vinyl chloride)/carbon nanotubes–silver nanoparticles. BULLETIN OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2023; 46:30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12034-022-02858-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Alsulami QA, Hussein MA. A Sequence Study on the Enhanced Charge Transfer of SWCNTs and CuO-Reinforced Poly(o-anisidine-co-o-toluidine) Nanocomposites. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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30
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Heidari S, Zarnegaryan A, Dehbanipour Z. Efficient preparation of graphene oxide-immobilized copper complex and its catalytic performance in the synthesis of imidazoles. Front Chem 2023; 11:1178716. [PMID: 37123872 PMCID: PMC10133726 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1178716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focused on the synthesis of phenylthiocarbamide-grafted graphene oxide (GO)-supported Cu complex (Cu-PTC@GO) as a highly efficient and recyclable catalyst synthesis by various analytical techniques such as TG, FT-IR, XRD, BET, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, SEM, EDX, and elemental mapping analysis. Cu-PTC@GO showed outstanding results in preparing various imidazoles with higher yields, reduced reaction time, ease of product separation, and a simple procedure. In addition, the catalyst demonstrated appreciable recyclability up to five successive runs, and there was no substantial loss in catalytic performance. The result indicated that the heterogeneous base GO catalyst performed high activity and excellent recyclability in synthesizing various imidazoles and their derivatives, owing to the unique state of the GO-supported copper complex.
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31
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Zhang K, Tang X, Guo F, Xiao K, Zheng D, Ma Y, Zhao Q, Wang F, Yang B. Improved Dynamic Compressive and Electro-Thermal Properties of Hybrid Nanocomposite Visa Physical Modification. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:52. [PMID: 36615962 PMCID: PMC9824552 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The current work studied the physical modification effects of non-covalent surfactant on the carbon-particle-filled nanocomposite. The selected surfactant named Triton™ X-100 was able to introduce the steric repelling force between the epoxy matrix and carbon fillers with the help of beneficial functional groups, improving their dispersibility and while maintaining the intrinsic conductivity of carbon particles. Subsequent results further demonstrated that the physically modified carbon nanotubes, together with graphene nanoplates, constructed an effective particulate network within the epoxy matrix, which simultaneously provided mechanical reinforcement and conductive improvement to the hybrid nanocomposite system. For example, the hybrid nanocomposite showed maximum enhancements of ~75.1% and ~82.5% for the quasi-static mode-I critical-stress-intensity factor and dynamic compressive strength, respectively, as compared to the neat epoxy counterpart. Additionally, the fine dispersion of modified fillers as a double-edged sword adversely influenced the electrical conductivity of the hybrid nanocomposite because of the decreased contact probability among particles. Even so, by adjusting the modified filler ratio, the conductivity of the hybrid nanocomposite went up to the maximum level of ~10-1-100 S/cm, endowing itself with excellent electro-thermal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Beijing Spacecrafts, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- College of Architectural Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Kangli Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Dexin Zheng
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Suqian University, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Yunsheng Ma
- Shandong Chambroad Holding Group Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Qingsong Zhao
- Shandong Chambroad Holding Group Co., Ltd, Binzhou 256500, China
| | - Fangxin Wang
- College of Architectural Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Bin Yang
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Lee J, Lee Y, Lim JS, Kim SW, Jang H, Seo B, Joo SH, Sa YJ. Discriminating active sites for the electrochemical synthesis of H 2O 2 by molecular functionalisation of carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2022; 15:195-203. [PMID: 36477469 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04652k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical production of H2O2via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR) has recently attracted attention as a promising alternative to the current anthraquinone process. Identification of active sites in O-doped carbon materials, which exhibit high activities and selectivities for the 2e- ORR, is important for understanding the selective electrocatalytic process and achieving the rational design of active electrocatalysts. However, this is impeded by the heterogeneous distribution of various active sites on these catalysts. In this study, we exploited the molecular functionalisation approach to implant anthraquinone, benzoic acid, and phenol groups on carbon nanotubes and systematically compared the electrocatalytic activities and selectivities of these functional groups. Among these oxygen functional groups, the anthraquinone group showed the highest surface-area-normalised and active-site-normalised activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yesol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - June Sung Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bora Seo
- Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Sa
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
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Structure and Properties of Epoxy Polysulfone Systems Modified with an Active Diluent. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235320. [PMID: 36501712 PMCID: PMC9736303 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An epoxy resin modified with polysulfone (PSU) and active diluent furfuryl glycidyl ether (FGE) was studied. Triethanolaminotitanate (TEAT) and iso-methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (iso-MTHPA) were used as curing agents. It is shown that during the curing of initially homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneous structures are formed. The type of these structures depends on the concentration of active diluent and the type of hardener. The physico-mechanical properties of the hybrid matrices are determined by the structure formed. The maximum resistance to a growing crack is provided by structures with a thermoplastic-enriched matrix-interpenetrating structures. The main mechanism for increasing the energy of crack propagation is associated with the implementation of microplasticity of extended phases enriched in polysulfone and their involvement in the fracture process.
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García-Ávila J, Torres Serrato DDJ, Rodriguez CA, Martínez AV, Cedillo ER, Martínez-López JI. Predictive Modeling of Soft Stretchable Nanocomposites Using Recurrent Neural Networks. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235290. [PMID: 36501684 PMCID: PMC9740639 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin is characterized by rough, elastic, and uneven features that are difficult to recreate using conventional manufacturing technologies and rigid materials. The use of soft materials is a promising alternative to produce devices that mimic the tactile capabilities of biological tissues. Although previous studies have revealed the potential of fillers to modify the properties of composite materials, there is still a gap in modeling the conductivity and mechanical properties of these types of materials. While traditional Finite Element approximations can be used, these methodologies tend to be highly demanding of time and processing power. Instead of this approach, a data-driven learning-based approximation strategy can be used to generate prediction models via neural networks. This paper explores the fabrication of flexible nanocomposites using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with different single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) loadings (0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt.%). Simple Recurrent Neural Networks (SRNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) models were formulated, trained, and tested to obtain the predictive sequence data of out-of-plane quasistatic mechanical tests. Finally, the model learned is applied to a dynamic system using the Kelvin-Voight model and the phenomenon known as the bouncing ball. The best predictive results were achieved using a nonlinear activation function in the SRNN model implementing two units and 4000 epochs. These results suggest the feasibility of a hybrid approach of analogy-based learning and data-driven learning for the design and computational analysis of soft and stretchable nanocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué García-Ávila
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2004, USA
| | - Diego de Jesus Torres Serrato
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- DTU Nanolab, National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ciro A. Rodriguez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital MADiT, Apodaca 66629, Mexico
| | - Adriana Vargas Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital MADiT, Apodaca 66629, Mexico
| | - Erick Ramírez Cedillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital MADiT, Apodaca 66629, Mexico
- 3D Factory, Ramon Treviño 1109, Monterrey 64580, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.R.C.); (J.I.M.-L.)
| | - J. Israel Martínez-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Manufactura Aditiva y Digital MADiT, Apodaca 66629, Mexico
- 3D Factory, Ramon Treviño 1109, Monterrey 64580, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Numericalc, 5 de mayo 912 Oriente, Monterrey 64000, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.R.C.); (J.I.M.-L.)
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Mohd Saidi N, Abdullah N, Norizan MN, Janudin N, Mohd Kasim NA, Osman MJ, Mohamad IS, Mohd Rosli MA. Surface-Oxidised Carbon Nanofibre-Based Nanofluids: Structural, Morphological, Stability and Thermal Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3922. [PMID: 36364698 PMCID: PMC9658691 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The reputation of nanofluids as a convenient heat transfer media has grown in recent years. The synthesis of nanofluids is often challenging, particularly carbon-based nanofluids, due to the rapid agglomeration of the nanoparticles and the instability of the nanofluids. In this regard, surface modification and surfactant addition are potential approaches to improve the physical and thermal properties of carbon-based nanofluids that have been studied and the structural, morphological, and thermal characteristics of surface-oxidised carbon nanofibre (CNF)-based nanofluids has been characterised. Commercial CNF was first subjected to three different acid treatments to introduce surface oxygen functional groups on the CNF surface. Following the physical and thermal characterisation of the three surface-oxidised CNFs (CNF-MA, CNF-MB, and CNF-MC), including Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), the CNF-MB was selected as the best method to synthesise the surface-oxidised CNF-based nanofluid. A total of 40 mL of ultrapure water was used as a pure base fluid and mixed with the surface-oxidised CNF at a concentration range of 0.1-1.0 wt.%, with a fixed of 10 wt.% amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The thermal conductivity of CNF-based nanofluid was then characterised at different temperatures (6, 25, and 40 °C). Based on the results, surface oxidation via Method B significantly affected the extent of surface defects and effectively enhanced the group functionality on the CNF surface. Aside from the partially defective and rough surface of CNF-MB surfaces from the FESEM analysis, the presence of surface oxygen functional groups on the CNF wall was confirmed via the Raman analysis, TGA curve, and FTIR analysis. The visual sedimentation observation also showed that the surface-oxidised CNF particles remained dispersed in the nanofluid due to the weakened van der Waals interaction. The dispersion of CNF particles was improved by the presence of PVP, which further stabilised the CNF-based nanofluids. Ultimately, the thermal conductivity of the surface-oxidised CNF-based nanofluid with PVP was significantly improved with the highest enhancement percentage of 18.50, 16.84, and 19.83% at 6, 25, and 40 °C, respectively, at an optimum CNF concentration of 0.7 wt.%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norshafiqah Mohd Saidi
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Norli Abdullah
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nurazzi Norizan
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Nurjahirah Janudin
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Junaedy Osman
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Imran Syakir Mohamad
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Afzanizam Mohd Rosli
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia
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Ahmed SF, Mofijur M, Ahmed B, Mehnaz T, Mehejabin F, Maliat D, Hoang AT, Shafiullah GM. Nanomaterials as a sustainable choice for treating wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113807. [PMID: 35798266 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater containing toxic substances is a major threat to the health of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In order to treat wastewater, nanomaterials are currently being studied intensively due to their unprecedented properties. The unique features of nanoparticles are prompting an increasing number of studies into their use in wastewater treatment. Although several studies have been undertaken in recent years, most of them did not focus on some of the nanomaterials that are now often utilized for wastewater treatment. It is essential to investigate the most recent advances in all the types of nanomaterials that are now frequently employed for wastewater treatment. The recent advancements in common nanomaterials used for sustainable wastewater treatment is comprehensively reviewed in this paper. This paper also thoroughly assesses unique features, proper utilization, future prospects, and current limitations of green nanotechnology in wastewater treatment. Zero-valent metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, especially iron oxides were shown to be more effective than traditional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for recovering heavy metals in wastewater. Iron oxide achieved 75.9% COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal efficiency while titanium oxide (TiO2) achieved 75.5% COD. Iron nanoparticles attained 72.1% methyl blue removal efficiency. However, since only a few types of nanomaterials have been commercialized, it is important to also focus on the economic feasibility of each nanomaterial. This study found that the large surface area, high reactivity, and strong mechanical properties of nanoparticles means they can be considered as a promising option for successful wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Forruque Ahmed
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh.
| | - M Mofijur
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Ahmed
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Tabassum Mehnaz
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Mehejabin
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Daina Maliat
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - G M Shafiullah
- Discipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
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37
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Kumar V, Kaliyamoorthy R. Friction and wear characteristics of synthetic diamond and graphene-filled polyether ether ketone composites. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221137647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Modifying tribo films using filler particles is a significant area of research in developing polymer-based tribo components to minimize material loss during the sliding process. This study focused on altering the wear characteristics of a polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/graphene high-performance polymer composite to strengthen the tribo film by adding synthetic diamond particles. The hot-pressed PEEK composite reinforced by graphene and diamond particles increased the hardness and thermal stability of the composite. Compared with pure PEEK, composites containing 1% graphene and 1% diamond particles showed an increment of 25% and 23% in hardness and thermal stability, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis verified the compatibility and intactness of the fillers in the PEEK matrix. The tribo properties of PEEK composites were characterized by a pin-on-disc tribometer on a counter steel surface. A PEEK composite containing 0.75 wt% graphene and 0.5 wt% diamond particles exhibited the lowest friction of 0.17 at a pressure of 1.5 MPa. The specific wear rate was low (1.78 × 10−6 mm3/Nm) for the composite containing 1 wt% graphene and 1 wt% diamond particles at a pressure of 1.5 MPa. Varying synthetic diamond and graphene filler concentrations in the PEEK matrix change the wear process by modifying the tribo film characteristics, revealing the lowest friction and wear rate. X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy show that the polymer film was transferred to the steel countersurface, and the tribo-chemical products of the tribo film contribute to a stable tribo film. The ferric oxide film and the tribo film improve the composite’s self-lubricating properties and load-bearing ability. Hence, the composite containing 0.75% of graphene and 0.5% of a synthetic diamond can be employed in the sliding bearing application of continuous conveyors used in mass production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Rajkumar Kaliyamoorthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India
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Norrrahim MNF, Knight VF, Nurazzi NM, Jenol MA, Misenan MSM, Janudin N, Kasim NAM, Shukor MFA, Ilyas RA, Asyraf MRM, Naveen J. The Frontiers of Functionalized Nanocellulose-Based Composites and Their Application as Chemical Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204461. [PMID: 36298039 PMCID: PMC9608972 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical sensors are a rapidly developing technology that has received much attention in diverse industries such as military, medicine, environmental surveillance, automotive power and mobility, food manufacturing, infrastructure construction, product packaging and many more. The mass production of low-cost devices and components for use as chemical sensors is a major driving force for improvements in each of these industries. Recently, studies have found that using renewable and eco-friendly materials would be advantageous for both manufacturers and consumers. Thus, nanotechnology has led to the investigation of nanocellulose, an emerging and desirable bio-material for use as a chemical sensor. The inherent properties of nanocellulose, its high tensile strength, large specific surface area and good porous structure have many advantages in its use as a composite material for chemical sensors, intended to decrease response time by minimizing barriers to mass transport between an analyte and the immobilized indicator in the sensor. Besides which, the piezoelectric effect from aligned fibers in nanocellulose composites is beneficial for application in chemical sensors. Therefore, this review presents a discussion on recent progress and achievements made in the area of nanocellulose composites for chemical sensing applications. Important aspects regarding the preparation of nanocellulose composites using different functionalization with other compounds are also critically discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.N.F.N.); (V.F.K.); (N.M.N.)
| | - Victor Feizal Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.N.F.N.); (V.F.K.); (N.M.N.)
| | - Norizan Mohd Nurazzi
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (M.N.F.N.); (V.F.K.); (N.M.N.)
| | - Mohd Azwan Jenol
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurjahirah Janudin
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Faizan A. Shukor
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Rizal Muhammad Asyraf
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Jesuarockiam Naveen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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Tsyganov A, Vikulova M, Artyukhov D, Bainyashev A, Goffman V, Gorokhovsky A, Gorshkov N. Carbon Modification of K 1.6Fe 1.6Ti 6.4O 16 Nanoparticles to Optimize the Dielectric Properties of PTFE-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194010. [PMID: 36235957 PMCID: PMC9572113 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, polymer matrix composites with the compositions PTFE/KFTO(H) and PTFE/KFTO(H)@CB and with filler volume fractions of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 15, and 30% (without and with carbon modification at a content of 2.5 wt.% regarding ceramic material) were produced by calendering and hot pressing and studied using FTIR, SEM, and impedance spectroscopy methods. Ceramic filler (KFTO(H)) was synthesized using the sol−gel Pechini method. Its structure was investigated and confirmed by the XRD method with following Rietveld refinement. The carbon black (CB) modification of KFTO(H) was carried out through the calcination of a mixture of ceramic and carbon materials in an argon atmosphere. Afterwards, composites producing all the components’ structures weren’t destroyed according to the FTIR results. The effect of carbon additive at a content of 2.5 wt.% relating to ceramic filler in the system of polymer matrix composites was shown, with permittivity increasing up to ε’ = 28 with a simultaneous decrease in dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.1) at f = 103 Hz for composites of PTFE/KFTO(H)@CB (30 vol.%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tsyganov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Maria Vikulova
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Denis Artyukhov
- Department of Power and Electrical Engineering, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Alexey Bainyashev
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Vladimir Goffman
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Alexander Gorokhovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
| | - Nikolay Gorshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, Saratov 410054, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-987-380-14-64
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40
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Ilyas RA, Nurazzi NM, Norrrahim MNF. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12173045. [PMID: 36080082 PMCID: PMC9458252 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
"Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Nanocomposites" is a newly open Special Issue of Nanomaterials, which aims to publish original and review papers on new scientific and applied research and make boundless contributions to the finding and understanding of the reinforcing effects of various nanomaterials on the performance of polymer nanocomposites [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - N. M. Nurazzi
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia
| | - M. N. F. Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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41
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Ilyas RA, Sapuan SM, Bayraktar E. Current Progress in Biopolymer-Based Bionanocomposites and Hybrid Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173479. [PMID: 36080552 PMCID: PMC9460886 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Emin Bayraktar
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, ISAE-SUPMECA Institute of Mechanics of Paris, 93400 Saint-Ouen, France
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42
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Li Y, Cui CX, Jiang JW. Gas permeation through nanoporous single-walled carbon nanotubes: the confinement effect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:455704. [PMID: 35917804 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac85f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gas permeation through nanoscale membranes like graphene has been extensively studied by experiments and empirical models. In contrast to planar membranes, the single-walled carbon nanotube has a natural confined hollow structure, which shall affect the gas permeation process. We perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of the nanotube diameter on the gas permeation process. It is found that the permeance constant increases with the increase of the nanotube diameter, which can not be explained by existing empirical models. We generalize the three-state model to describe the diameter dependence for the permeance constant, which discloses a distinctive confinement-induced adsorption phenomenon for the gas molecule on the nanotube's inner surface. This adsorption phenomenon effectively reduces the pressure of the bulk gas, leading to the decrease of the permeance constant. These results illustrate the importance of the adsorption within the confined space on the gas permeation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Xin Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Wu Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, People's Republic of China
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del Bosque A, Calderón-Villajos R, Sánchez M, Ureña A. Multifunctional Carbon Nanotubes-Reinforced Surlyn Nanocomposites: A Study of Strain-Sensing and Self-Healing Capabilities. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2878. [PMID: 36014743 PMCID: PMC9416561 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes (CNT)-reinforced Surlyn, which is a commercial ionomeric polymer, are manufactured by micro-compounding and hot-press processes. Multifunctionality is studied in terms of electromechanical response and self-healing abilities. The strain sensing analysis under tensile conditions shows ultra-high gauge factor (GF) values from 10 to 20 at low strain levels up to 106 at high strain levels, and a decreasing sensitivity as CNT content increases because of the reduction in the tunneling distance between neighboring nanoparticles. The electromechanical response under consecutive tensile cycles demonstrated the robustness of the proposed materials due to the repeatability of both responses. With regard to mechanical properties, the addition of CNT induces a clear increase in Young's modulus because the nanoparticles enable uniform load distributions. Moreover, self-healing capabilities are improved when 4 and 5 wt.% CNT are introduced because of the synergistic effect of the high thermal conductivity of CNT and their homogeneous distribution, promoting an increase in the thermal conductivity of bulk nanocomposites. Thus, by comparing the measured functionalities, 4 and 5 wt.% CNT-reinforced Surlyn nanocomposites showed a high potential for various applications due to their high degree of multifunctionality.
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44
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Maluin FN, Katas H. Chitosan functionalization of metal- and carbon-based nanomaterials as an approach toward sustainability tomorrow. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:425-449. [PMID: 35867661 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2090025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The growing number of nanomaterials-based-products ranging from agriculture to cosmetics to medical, and so on, increases the amount of exposure, compelling researchers to include safety and health protocols in each developed nano-product to ensure consumer safety. As a result, emphasizing the importance of novel nanomaterials' toxicological and safety profiles, as well as their product quality enhancement, is critical. As a result, research efforts must be directed toward developing new nanomaterials in a safer-by-design manner. Chitosan functionalization is an excellent option for this because it is already known for its nontoxicity, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. In this review, we hope to uncover the toxicological consequences of nanomaterials and the potential role of chitosan functionalization in mitigating them. This is an effort to create an environmentally friendly and safe nano-product, ensuring tomorrow's sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhatun Najat Maluin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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45
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Investigation of the Crystallization Kinetics and Melting Behaviour of Polymer Blend Nanocomposites Based on Poly(L-Lactic Acid), Nylon 11 and TMDCs WS2. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132692. [PMID: 35808736 PMCID: PMC9269272 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the crystallization kinetics and melting behaviour of polymer blend nanocomposites based on poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA), nylon 11 and tungsten disulfide nanotubes (INT-WS2), which are layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), using non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Blends containing different nylon 11 contents ranging from 20 to 80 wt.% with or without INT-WS2 were prepared by melt mixing. Evaluation of their morphology with high-resolution SEM imaging proved that the incorporation of inorganic nanotubes into the immiscible PLLA/nylon 11 mixtures led to an improvement in the dispersibility of the nylon 11 phase, a reduction in its average domain size and, consequently, an increase in its interfacial area. The crystallization temperatures of these PLLA/nylon 11-INT blends were influenced by the cooling rate and composition. In particular, the DSC results appear to demonstrate that the 1D-TMDCs WS2 within the PLLA/nylon 11-INT blend nanocomposites initiated nucleation in both polymeric components, with the effect being more pronounced for PLLA. Moreover, the nucleation activity and activation energy were calculated to support these findings. The nucleation effect of INT-WS2, which influences the melting behaviour of PLLA, is highly important, particularly when evaluating polymer crystallinity. This study opens up new perspectives for the development of advanced PLA-based nanomaterials that show great potential for ecological and biomedical applications.
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46
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Norfarhana A, Ilyas R, Ngadi N, Sharma S, Sayed MM, El-Shafay A, Nordin A. Natural Fiber-Reinforced Thermoplastic ENR/PVC Composites as Potential Membrane Technology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2432. [PMID: 35746008 PMCID: PMC9228183 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane separation processes are prevalent in industrial wastewater treatment because they are more effective than conventional methods at addressing global water issues. Consequently, the ideal membranes with high mechanical strength, thermal characteristics, flux, permeability, porosity, and solute removal capacity must be prepared to aid in the separation process for wastewater treatment. Rubber-based membranes have shown the potential for high mechanical properties in water separation processes to date. In addition, the excellent sustainable practice of natural fibers has attracted great attention from industrial players and researchers for the exploitation of polymer composite membranes to improve the balance between the environment and social and economic concerns. The incorporation of natural fiber in thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) as filler and pore former agent enhances the mechanical properties, and high separation efficiency characteristics of membrane composites are discussed. Furthermore, recent advancements in the fabrication technique of porous membranes affected the membrane's structure, and the performance of wastewater treatment applications is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.S. Norfarhana
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (A.N.); (N.N.); (A.N.)
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Politeknik Tun Syed Nasir Syed Ismail, Pagoh Education Hub, Pagoh Muar 84600, Johor, Malaysia
| | - R.A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (A.N.); (N.N.); (A.N.)
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - N. Ngadi
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (A.N.); (N.N.); (A.N.)
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Main Campus-Kapurthala, Kapurthala 144603, Punjab, India
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Sayed
- Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt;
| | - A.S. El-Shafay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16273, Saudi Arabia
| | - A.H. Nordin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (A.N.); (N.N.); (A.N.)
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47
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Development of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites Ballistic Helmet Using Concurrent Engineering Approach: A Brief Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14127092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this decade, all researchers and industry players compete to develop sustainable product design by exploring natural fibre composites in product design development. One of the essential methodologies in creating composite products is concurrent engineering (CE). Industrial design and production engineering should be involved in the development of ballistic helmets. This publication aims to provide a quick overview of the evolution of natural fibre composite ballistic helmet designs. This manuscript is still in its early stages, but it already includes a summary of the progress of ballistic helmet design from 1915 to the present. Renewable materials, such as natural fibre, should be highlighted as an alternative to synthetic composites in developing a sustainable ballistic helmet design. Furthermore, launching the design development process for a ballistic helmet demands a CE strategy that includes multi-disciplinary knowledge. Computational modelling aids in the development of ballistic helmet designs, reducing the time and cost of manufacturing ballistic helmets. The ergonomic component of ballistic helmet design is also crucial, as is the thermal comfort factor, which can be handled using natural fibre composites with thermal solid insulating characteristics. The development of natural fibre composite ballistic helmets can be used as a consideration in the future as a revolution to create a sustainable design. Finally, this review can be used as a guide for industrial designers. In conclusion, this review might be utilized as a reference for industrial designers due to a shortage of studies, especially in producing product-related natural fibre.
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Bahrain SHK, Masdek NRN, Mahmud J, Mohammed MN, Sapuan SM, Ilyas RA, Mohamed A, Shamseldin MA, Abdelrahman A, Asyraf MRM. Morphological, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of Sugar-Palm ( Arenga pinnata ( Wurmb) Merr.)-Reinforced Silicone Rubber Biocomposites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124062. [PMID: 35744121 PMCID: PMC9228608 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of environmentally benign silicone composites from sugar palm fibre and silicone rubber was carried out in this study. The mechanical, physical, and morphological properties of the composites with sugar palm (SP) filler contents ranging from 0% to 16% by weight (wt%) were investigated. Based on the uniaxial tensile tests, it was found that the increment in filler content led to higher stiffness. Via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the viscoelastic properties of the silicone biocomposite showed that the storage modulus and loss modulus increased with the increment in filler content. The physical properties also revealed that the density and moisture absorption rate increased as the filler content increased. Inversely, the swelling effect of the highest filler content (16 wt%) revealed that its swelling ratio possessed the lowest rate as compared to the lower filler addition and pure silicone rubber. The morphological analysis via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the sugar palm filler was evenly dispersed and no agglomeration could be seen. Thus, it can be concluded that the addition of sugar palm filler enhanced the stiffness property of silicone rubber. These new findings could contribute positively to the employment of natural fibres as reinforcements for greener biocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Humairah Kamarul Bahrain
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.R.N.M.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.B.); (R.A.I.)
| | - Nik Rozlin Nik Masdek
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.R.N.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Jamaluddin Mahmud
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.R.N.M.); (J.M.)
| | - M. N. Mohammed
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Gulf University, Sanad 26489, Bahrain;
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.B.); (R.A.I.)
| | - Abdullah Mohamed
- Research Centre, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Shamseldin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt;
| | - Anas Abdelrahman
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt;
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
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49
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Bahrain SHK, Rahim NNCA, Mahmud J, Mohammed MN, Sapuan SM, Ilyas RA, Alkhatib SE, Asyraf MRM. Hyperelastic Properties of Bamboo Cellulosic Fibre–Reinforced Silicone Rubber Biocomposites via Compression Test. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116338. [PMID: 35683017 PMCID: PMC9181817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials that exhibit highly nonlinear behaviour are intricate to study. This is due to their physical properties, as they possess a very large deformation. Silicone rubber is among the materials that can be classified as possessing such characteristics, despite their being soft and frequently applied in medical applications. Due to their low mechanical properties, however, it is believed that a filler addition could enhance them. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of the addition of bamboo cellulosic filler to silicone rubber in terms of its compressive properties in order to quantify its material constants using the hyperelastic theory, specifically the Neo-Hookean and Mooney–Rivlin models. The specimens’ compressive properties were also compared between specimens immersed in seawater and those not immersed in seawater. The findings showed that the compressive properties, stiffness, and compressive strength of the bamboo cellulosic fibre reinforced the silicone rubber biocomposites, improved with higher bamboo filler addition. Specimens immersed in seawater showed that they can withstand a compressive load of up to 83.16 kPa in comparison to specimens not immersed in seawater (up to 79.8 kPa). Using the hyperelastic constitutive models, the Mooney–Rivlin model displayed the most accurate performance curve fit with the experimental compression data with an R2 of up to 0.9999. The material constant values also revealed that the specimens immersed in seawater improved in stiffness property, as the C1 material constant values are higher than for the specimens not immersed in seawater. From these findings, this study has shown that bamboo cellulosic filler added into silicone rubber enhances the material’s compressive properties and that the rubber further improves with immersion in seawater. Thus, these findings contribute significantly towards knowledge of bamboo cellulosic fibre–reinforced silicone rubber biocomposite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Humairah Kamarul Bahrain
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (N.N.C.A.R.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.B.); (R.A.I.)
| | - Nor Nabilah Che Abd Rahim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (N.N.C.A.R.); (J.M.)
| | - Jamaluddin Mahmud
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia; (N.N.C.A.R.); (J.M.)
| | - M. N. Mohammed
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Gulf University, Sanad 26489, Bahrain;
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.B.); (R.A.I.)
| | - Samah Elsayed Alkhatib
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt;
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
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50
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Xu H, Cheng H, McClements DJ, Chen L, Long J, Jin Z. Enhancing the physicochemical properties and functional performance of starch-based films using inorganic carbon materials: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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