1
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Jung J, Loe CC, Zhao Y. Development and characterization of cranberry pomace extract incorporated and vitamin E fortified edible films as an edible separation sheet for fruit leather. J Food Sci 2024; 89:2857-2866. [PMID: 38532702 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The separation sheets for fruit leather are traditionally made of plastic film or wax paper, which not only leads to environmental issues but also is inconvenience to consumers. This study evaluated edible fruit leather separation sheets using food polymers, including hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and incorporation of cranberry pomace water extract (CPE) for providing natural fruit pigment, flavor, and phenolics. HPMCCPE film was then further improved by incorporating hydrophobic compound (oleic acid, OA) and vitamin E (VE) via cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) Pickering emulsion (CNCP) for enhancing film hydrophobicity and nutritional benefit, respectively. The CNCP-HPMCCPE film exhibited reduced water vapor permeability (∼0.033 g mm/m2 d Pa) compared to HPMCCPE film (∼0.59 g mm/m2 d Pa) and had the least change in mass and moisture content when wrapping fruit leather for up to 2 weeks of ambient storage. The fruit leather wrapped by CNCP-HPMCCPE film showed lower weight change than those by films without CNCP due to low mass transfer between film and fruit leather. CNCP resulted in controlled release of VE into a food simulating solvent (ethanol). The developed colorful and edible fruit leather separation sheet satisfied the increased market demands on sustainable food packaging. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Colorful and flavorful edible films made of edible polymers, fruit pomace water extract, and emulsified hydrophobic compounds with vitamin E were created. The films have the satisfactory performance to replace the conventional fruit leather separation sheet made of plastic or wax paper. The edible films can be eaten with packaged fruit leather for not only reducing packaging waste but also providing convenience and nutritional benefit to consumers. These functional edible films may also be utilized to package other food products for promoting packaging sustainability and nutritional benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeoun Jung
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Yanyun Zhao
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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2
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Hassan F, Mu B, Yang Y. Natural polysaccharides and proteins-based films for potential food packaging and mulch applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129628. [PMID: 38272415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Conventional nondegradable packaging and mulch films, after reaching the end of their use, become a major source of waste and are primarily disposed of in landfills. Accumulation of non-degradable film residues in the soil leads to diminished soil fertility, reduced crop yield, and can potentially affect humans. Application of degradable films is still limited due to the high cost, poor mechanical, and gas barrier properties of current biobased synthetic polymers. In this respect, natural polysaccharides and proteins can offer potential solutions. Having versatile functional groups, three-dimensional network structures, biodegradability, ease of processing, and the potential for surface modifications make polysaccharides and proteins excellent candidates for quality films. Besides, their low-cost availability as industrial waste/byproducts makes them cost-effective alternatives. This review paper covers the performance properties, cost assessment, and in-depth analysis of macromolecular structures of some natural polysaccharides and proteins-based films that have great potential for packaging and mulch applications. Proper dissolution of biopolymers to improve molecular interactions and entanglement, and establishment of crosslinkages to form an ordered and cohesive polymeric structure can help to obtain films with good properties. Simple aqueous-based film formulation techniques and utilization of waste/byproducts can stimulate the adoption of affordable biobased films on a large-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqrul Hassan
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, 234 GNHS Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States
| | - Bingnan Mu
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, 234 GNHS Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design, 234 GNHS Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, 234 GNHS Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0802, United States.
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3
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Ali Z, Abdullah M, Yasin MT, Amanat K, Ahmad K, Ahmed I, Qaisrani MM, Khan J. Organic waste-to-bioplastics: Conversion with eco-friendly technologies and approaches for sustainable environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117949. [PMID: 38109961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical-based synthetic plastics poses a threat to humans, wildlife, marine life and the environment. Given the magnitude of eventual depletion of petrochemical sources and global environmental pollution caused by the manufacturing of synthetic plastics such as polyethylene (PET) and polypropylene (PP), it is essential to develop and adopt biopolymers as an environment friendly and cost-effective alternative to synthetic plastics. Research into bioplastics has been gaining traction as a way to create a more sustainable and eco-friendlier environment with a reduced environmental impact. Biodegradable bioplastics can have the same characteristics as traditional plastics while also offering additional benefits due to their low carbon footprint. Therefore, using organic waste from biological origin for bioplastic production not only reduces our reliance on edible feedstock but can also effectively assist with solid waste management. This review aims at providing an in-depth overview on recent developments in bioplastic-producing microorganisms, production procedures from various organic wastes using either pure or mixed microbial cultures (MMCs), microalgae, and chemical extraction methods. Low production yield and production costs are still the major bottlenecks to their deployment at industrial and commercial scale. However, their production and commercialization pose a significant challenge despite such potential. The major constraints are their production in small quantity, poor mechanical strength, lack of facilities and costly feed for industrial-scale production. This review further explores several methods for producing bioplastics with the aim of encouraging researchers and investors to explore ways to utilize these renewable resources in order to commercialize degradable bioplastics. Challenges, future prospects and Life cycle assessment of bioplastics are also highlighted. Utilizing a variety of bioplastics obtained from renewable and cost-effective sources (e.g., organic waste, agro-industrial waste, or microalgae) and determining the pertinent end-of-life option (e.g., composting or anaerobic digestion) may lead towards the right direction that assures the sustainable production of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha Yasin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Kinza Amanat
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266404, P.R. China.
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Laoshan Campus, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266100, PR China
| | - Muther Mansoor Qaisrani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jallat Khan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan; Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
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4
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Martins JR, Llanos JHR, Abe MM, Costa ML, Brienzo M. New blend of renewable bioplastic based on starch and acetylated xylan with high resistance to oil and water vapor. Carbohydr Res 2024; 537:109068. [PMID: 38417199 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Renewable materials of biological origin exhibit attractive properties in relation to traditional plastics, as they can be partially or completely replaced, thereby reducing environmental impacts. Hemicelluloses are a group of polysaccharides that have expanded applications when acetylated. Acetylation can improve the mechanical strength and water vapor barrier properties of xylan-based bioplastics. By partially acetylating xylan in the present study, it was possible to use water as a solvent for the film-forming solution and starch as a second polysaccharide in the formation of bioplastics. Xylan was modified via partial chemical acetylation by varying the reaction time, solvent, and catalyst content. The bioplastics were formed by non-acetylated xylan and acetylated xylan with degrees of substitution (DS) of 0.45 and 0.9, respectively, with starch to form blends using glycerol as a plasticizer. Acetylation with DS 0.45 showed better results in increasing the hydrophilicity of the bioplastic. On the other hand, acetylation influenced the thermal stability of bioplastics, increasing the maximum temperature of the degradation rate from 302 °C to 329 °C and 315 °C, owing to changes in the crystallinity of the polymers. In addition to the modulus of elasticity 2.99 to 290.61 and 274.67 MPa for the non-acetylated bioplastic and the bioplastic with DS of 0.45 and 0.90, respectively. Thus, the films obtained presented suitable physicochemical properties for use in various industrial applications, such as active and intelligent packaging in the food sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ribeiro Martins
- Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (Unesp), 13500-230, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Manabu Abe
- Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (Unesp), 13500-230, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Leali Costa
- Materials and Technology Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Av. Dr. Ariberto Pereira da Cunha 333, Guaratinguetá, 12516-410, Brazil; Lightweight Structures Laboratory (LEL/IPT), Rod. Presidente Dutra, s/n, 137, 8 km - Eugenio de Melo, São José dos Campos, 12247-004, Brazil
| | - Michel Brienzo
- Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), São Paulo State University (Unesp), 13500-230, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Cheng HN, Asakura T, Suganuma K, Lagaron JM, Melendez-Rodriguez B, Biswas A. NMR Analyses and Statistical Modeling of Biobased Polymer Microstructures-A Selected Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:620. [PMID: 38475303 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
NMR analysis combined with statistical modeling offers a useful approach to investigate the microstructures of polymers. This article provides a selective review of the developments in both the NMR analysis of biobased polymers and the statistical models that can be used to characterize these materials. The information obtained from NMR and statistical models can provide insights into the microstructure and stereochemistry of appropriate biobased polymers and establish a systematic approach to their analysis. In suitable cases, the analysis can help optimize the synthetic procedures and facilitate the development of new or modified polymeric materials for various applications. Examples are given of the studies of poly(hydroxyalkanoates), poly(lactic acid), and selected polysaccharides, e.g., alginate, pectin, and chitosan. This article may serve as both a reference and a guide for future workers interested in the NMR sequence analysis of biobased materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai N Cheng
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Tetsuo Asakura
- Department of Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koto Suganuma
- Material Analysis Research Center, Teijin Ltd., Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Jose M Lagaron
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, IATA, CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Melendez-Rodriguez
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, IATA, CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Atanu Biswas
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
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6
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Christina K, Subbiah K, Arulraj P, Krishnan SK, Sathishkumar P. A sustainable and eco-friendly approach for environmental and energy management using biopolymers chitosan, lignin and cellulose - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128550. [PMID: 38056737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymers are a naturally occurring alternative to synthetic polymers that are linked by covalent bonds, which includes cellular components such as proteins, nucleotides, lipids, and polysaccharides. Based on the extensive literature review it was found that chitosan, lignin, and cellulose were predominantly used in the energy and environmental sectors. Due to their vast array of qualities, including the adsorption, flocculation, anticoagulation, and furthermore, have made them useful for treating wastewater and pollutant removal. Chitosan and lignin have been used as a proton exchange membrane in the energy storage device of fuel cells. As these biopolymers develop strong coordination connections with metal surfaces, they act as an anticorrosive agent, which inhibiting the corrosion. Besides, there are a lot of recent developments in the application of biopolymers for energy and environmental fields. The present review provides a concise summary of recent developments in membrane-based biopolymers role in energy and environmental field. In addition, this review is drawn to a conclusion with a discussion of future trends in the real application of biopolymers in a variety of different industries, as well as the financial significance of these future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Christina
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Kavitha Subbiah
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India.
| | - Prince Arulraj
- Division of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Krishnan
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Green Lab, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.
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7
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Majamo SL, Amibo TA. Study on extraction and characterization of anchote ( Coccinia abyssinica) starch and reinforced enset ( Ensete ventricosum) fiber for the production of reinforced bioplastic film. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23098. [PMID: 38205303 PMCID: PMC10777382 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Population expansion is causing an increase in dependence on plastic materials. The worst aspects of conventional plastics were their inability to biodegrade, their poor capacity to transmit water vapor, and their production of greenhouse gases. Usages of bioplastics are necessary for the advancement of a green economy and environment in order to eradicate these drawbacks of traditional plastics. In this study, reinforced bioplastic film was produced from anchote (Coccinia Abyssinica) starch and enset (Ensete Ventricosum) fiber. Starch from anchote was extracted and its properties were characterized via adequate techniques. The maximum carbohydrate content (86.26 ± 0.25%w/w) of anchote starch indicates that it is suitable feedstock for plastic film production. In addition, extracted starch was characterized by SEM, FTIR, TGA and XRD. The reinforcing material enset fiber was extracted and characterized by FTIR and XRD. The results of both feedstock materials exhibited the good characteristics and viability for bioplastic film production. Enset fiber loadings used were 0 %, 4 %, 8 %, 12 % and 16 % w/w in starch basis. Tensile strength, elongation, thickness, moisture content, transparency, solubility and density of produced bioplastic were determined. Tensile force grew and elongation reduced as fiber loading rose up to 8 %. The tensile strength gradually declined with increasing fiber loading. Additionally, the created bioplastic film's groups of functions and chemical bonds were examined. In comparison to unreinforced plastic film, the results showed that the reinforced bioplastic film used in this study was an excellent and effective product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Latebo Majamo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Abeto Amibo
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
- School of Chemical Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, P.O. Box-378, Ethiopia
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8
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De Marchis F, Vanzolini T, Maricchiolo E, Bellucci M, Menotta M, Di Mambro T, Aluigi A, Zattoni A, Roda B, Marassi V, Crinelli R, Pompa A. A biotechnological approach for the production of new protein bioplastics. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300363. [PMID: 37801630 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The future of biomaterial production will leverage biotechnology based on the domestication of cells as biological factories. Plants, algae, and bacteria can produce low-environmental impact biopolymers. Here, two strategies were developed to produce a biopolymer derived from a bioengineered vacuolar storage protein of the common bean (phaseolin; PHSL). The cys-added PHSL* forms linear-structured biopolymers when expressed in the thylakoids of transplastomic tobacco leaves by exploiting the formation of inter-chain disulfide bridges. The same protein without signal peptide (ΔPHSL*) accumulates in Escherichia coli inclusion bodies as high-molar-mass species polymers that can subsequently be oxidized to form disulfide crosslinking bridges in order to increase the stiffness of the biomaterial, a valid alternative to the use of chemical crosslinkers. The E. coli cells produced 300 times more engineered PHSL, measured as percentage of total soluble proteins, than transplastomic tobacco plants. Moreover, the thiol groups of cysteine allow the site-specific PEGylation of ΔPHSL*, which is a desirable functionality in the design of a protein-based drug carrier. In conclusion, ΔPHSL* expressed in E. coli has the potential to become an innovative biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Division of Perugia, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Tania Vanzolini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Elisa Maricchiolo
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Division of Perugia, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Menotta
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Tomas Di Mambro
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Annalisa Aluigi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Rita Crinelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino (PU), Italy
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9
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Le VG, Nguyen MK, Nguyen HL, Lin C, Hadi M, Hung NTQ, Hoang HG, Nguyen KN, Tran HT, Hou D, Zhang T, Bolan NS. A comprehensive review of micro- and nano-plastics in the atmosphere: Occurrence, fate, toxicity, and strategies for risk reduction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166649. [PMID: 37660815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) have received considerable attention over the past 10 years due to their environmental prevalence and potential toxic effects. With the increase in global plastic production and disposal, MNP pollution has become a topic of emerging concern. In this review, we describe MNPs in the atmospheric environment, and potential toxicological effects of exposure to MNPs. Studies have reported the occurrence of MNPs in outdoor and indoor air at concentrations ranging from 0.0065 items m-3 to 1583 items m-3. Findings have identified plastic fragments, fibers, and films in sizes predominantly <1000 μm with polyamide (PA), polyester (PES), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), rayon, polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) as the major compounds. Exposure through indoor air and dust is an important pathway for humans. Airborne MNPs pose health risks to plants, animals, and humans. Atmospheric MNPs can enter organism bodies via inhalation and subsequent deposition in the lungs, which triggers inflammation and other adverse health effects. MNPs could be eliminated through source reduction, policy/regulation, environmental awareness and education, biodegradable materials, bioremediation, and efficient air-filtration systems. To achieve a sustainable society, it is crucial to implement effective strategies for reducing the usage of single-use plastics (SUPs). Further, governments play a pivotal role in addressing the pressing issue of MNPs pollution and must establish viable solutions to tackle this significant challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Giang Le
- Central Institute for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University (CRES-VNU), Hanoi, 111000, Viet Nam
| | - Minh-Ky Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Hoang-Lam Nguyen
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chitsan Lin
- Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan; Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
| | - Mohammed Hadi
- Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Nguyen Tri Quang Hung
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Hamlet 6, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Giang Hoang
- Faculty of Medicine, Dong Nai Technology University, Bien Hoa, Dong Nai 810000, Viet Nam
| | - Khoi Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 270000, Viet Nam
| | - Huu-Tuan Tran
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Management, Science and Technology Advanced Institute, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam.
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nanthi S Bolan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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Ali A, Bairagi S, Ganie SA, Ahmed S. Polysaccharides and proteins based bionanocomposites as smart packaging materials: From fabrication to food packaging applications a review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126534. [PMID: 37640181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Food industry is the biggest and rapidly growing industries all over the world. This sector consumes around 40 % of the total plastic produced worldwide as packaging material. The conventional packaging material is mainly petrochemical based. However, these petrochemical based materials impose serious concerns towards environment after its disposal as they are nondegradable. Thus, in search of an appropriate replacement for conventional plastics, biopolymers such as polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, chitosan, natural gums, etc.), proteins (gelatin, collagen, soy protein, etc.), and fatty acids find as an option but again limited by its inherent properties. Attention on the initiatives towards the development of more sustainable, useful, and biodegradable packaging materials, leading the way towards a new and revolutionary green era in the food sector. Eco-friendly packaging materials are now growing dramatically, at a pace of about 10-20 % annually. The recombination of biopolymers and nanomaterials through intercalation composite technology at the nanoscale demonstrated some mesmerizing characteristics pertaining to both biopolymer and nanomaterials such as rigidity, thermal stability, sensing and bioactive property inherent to nanomaterials as well as biopolymers properties such as flexibility, processability and biodegradability. The dramatic increase of scientific research in the last one decade in the area of bionanocomposites in food packaging had reflected its potential as a much-required and important alternative to conventional petroleum-based material. This review presents a comprehensive overview on the importance and recent advances in the field of bionanocomposite and its application in food packaging. Different methods for the fabrication of bionanocomposite are also discussed briefly. Finally, a clear perspective and future prospects of bionanocomposites in food packaging were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Kargil Campus, University of Ladakh, Kargil 194103, India.
| | - Satyaranjan Bairagi
- Materials and Manufacturing Research Group, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
| | - Showkat Ali Ganie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile of Biomass Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Government Degree College Mendhar, Jammu & Kashmir 185211, India; Higher Education Department, Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu 180001, India; University Centre of Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India.
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11
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Bautista-Zamudio PA, Flórez-Restrepo MA, López-Legarda X, Monroy-Giraldo LC, Segura-Sánchez F. Biodegradation of plastics by white-rot fungi: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165950. [PMID: 37536592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is one of the most environmental problems in the last two centuries, because of their excessive usage and their rapidly increasing production, which overcome the ability of natural degradation. Moreover, this problem become an escalating environmental issue caused by inadequate disposal, ineffective or nonexistent waste collection methods, and a lack of appropriate measures to deal with the problem, such as incineration and landfilling. Consequently, plastic wastes have become so ubiquitous and have accumulated in the environment impacting ecosystems and wildlife. The above, enhances the urgent need to explore alternative approaches that can effectively reduce waste without causing harsh environmental consequences. For example, white-rot fungi are a promising alternative to deal with the problem. These fungi produce ligninolytic enzymes able to break down the molecular structures of plastics, making them more bioavailable and allowing their degradation process, thereby mitigating waste accumulation. Over the years, several research studies have focused on the utilization of white-rot fungi to degrade plastics. This review presents a summary of plastic degradation biochemistry by white-rot fungi and the function of their ligninolytic enzymes. It also includes a collection of different research studies involving white-rot fungi to degrade plastic, their enzymes, the techniques used and the obtained results. Also, this highlights the significance of pre-treatments and the study of plastic blends with natural fibers or metallic ions, which have shown higher levels of degradation. Finally, it raises the limitations of the biotechnological processes and the prospects for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Andrea Bautista-Zamudio
- Grupo Biopolimer, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - María Alejandra Flórez-Restrepo
- Grupo Biopolimer, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Xiomara López-Legarda
- Grupo Biopolimer, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Leidy Carolina Monroy-Giraldo
- Grupo Biopolimer, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Freimar Segura-Sánchez
- Grupo Biopolimer, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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12
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Tripathi AS, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA, Dubey BK, Singh P, Rind L, Yadav RK. Material matters: exploring the interplay between natural biomaterials and host immune system. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269960. [PMID: 37936689 PMCID: PMC10627157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are widely used for various medical purposes, for instance, implants, tissue engineering, medical devices, and drug delivery systems. Natural biomaterials can be obtained from proteins, carbohydrates, and cell-specific sources. However, when these biomaterials are introduced into the body, they trigger an immune response which may lead to rejection and failure of the implanted device or tissue. The immune system recognizes natural biomaterials as foreign substances and triggers the activation of several immune cells, for instance, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. These cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which recruit other immune cells to the implantation site. The activation of the immune system can lead to an inflammatory response, which can be beneficial or detrimental, depending on the type of natural biomaterial and the extent of the immune response. These biomaterials can also influence the immune response by modulating the behavior of immune cells. For example, biomaterials with specific surface properties, such as charge and hydrophobicity, can affect the activation and differentiation of immune cells. Additionally, biomaterials can be engineered to release immunomodulatory factors, such as anti-inflammatory cytokines, to promote a tolerogenic immune response. In conclusion, the interaction between biomaterials and the body's immune system is an intricate procedure with potential consequences for the effectiveness of therapeutics and medical devices. A better understanding of this interplay can help to design biomaterials that promote favorable immune responses and minimize adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad lbn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad lbn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bidhyut Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Prabhjot Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Laiba Rind
- Department of Pharmacology, Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, India
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Deokar GS, Deokar AM, Kshirsagar SJ, Buranasompob A, Nirmal NP. Extraction, physicochemical characterization, functionality, and excipient ability of corn fiber gum-starch isolate from corn milling industry waste. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123401. [PMID: 37696343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Corn processing industries generate an extensive fibrous byproduct consisting of corn fiber gum (CFG) and residual starch (S). The present study hypothesized that CFG and S could be isolated as a single crosslinked conjugate. The isolated CFG-S conjugate was acidic, with a pKa value of 11.49, and a swelling index of 99.60%. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation predicted negligible ionization throughout the gastrointestinal pH range. The DSC thermogram highlights glass transition and temperature-specific structure stabilization through the exothermic crystallization domain. FTIR, SEM & XRD confirmed the structural conjugation and integrity of the conjugate. Tablets containing Venlafaxine hydrochloride as a model drug were prepared using CFG-S (14 and 57%) as excipient by wet granulation method. Percentage cumulative drug release with low concentration was up to 99.67175 ± 0.09 % in 5 h whereas with high concentration, it was extended to 12 h (P < 0.05). Korsemayer-Peppas release exponent indicates zero order (R2 = 0.9935) kinetics with super case-II anomalous transport showing diffusion and erosion as drug release mechanisms. The results confirmed that CFG-S isolate could act as a good binding agent at low concentrations and release extending cross-linked matrix former at a higher concentration for release retardant excipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali Sambhajirao Deokar
- Department of Quality Assurance, MET's Institute of Pharmacy, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Maruti Deokar
- Department of Quality Assurance, MET's Institute of Pharmacy, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Jayprakash Kshirsagar
- Department of Quality Assurance, MET's Institute of Pharmacy, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Athisaya Buranasompob
- Center for Innovation and Reference on Food for Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Nilesh Prakash Nirmal
- Deaprtment of Food Science, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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Abed RMM, Al-Hinai M, Al-Balushi Y, Haider L, Muthukrishnan T, Rinner U. Degradation of starch-based bioplastic bags in the pelagic and benthic zones of the Gulf of Oman. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115496. [PMID: 37703633 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Oman is becoming increasingly polluted with plastics, hence bioplastics have been considered 'a substitute', although their biodegradability in marine environments has not been well investigated. Most research has been performed on cellulose-based bioplastics, whereas starch-based bioplastics have proven to be a suitable, but less researched, alternative. This study is the first of its kind designed to investigate the degradability of two different types of starch-based bioplastic bags, available in the market and labeled as "biodegradable", in the pelagic and benthic zones of one of the warmest marine environment in the world. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) showed a clear reduction in the presence of OH, CH, and CO in the bioplastic bags after 5 weeks of immersion. Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) indicated degradation of glycerol, starch, and polyethylene. The biofouling bacterial communities on bioplastic surfaces showed distinct grouping based on the immersion zone. Candidaatus saccharibacteria, Verrucomicrobiae, Acidimicrobiia and Planctomycetia sequences were only detectable on bioplastics in the pelagic zone, whereas Actinomyces, Pseudomonas, Sphingobium and Acinetobacter related sequences were only found on bioplastics in the benthic layer. We conclude that starch-based bioplastics are more readily degradable in the Gulf of Oman than conventional plastics, hence could serve as a better environmentally friendly alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeid M M Abed
- Biology Department, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box: 36, PC 123 Al Khoud, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Mahmood Al-Hinai
- Biology Department, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box: 36, PC 123 Al Khoud, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Yasmin Al-Balushi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P. O. Box: 36, PC 123 Al Khoud, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Lorenz Haider
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Piaristengasse 1, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Thirumahal Muthukrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Uwe Rinner
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Piaristengasse 1, 3500 Krems, Austria
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15
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Sharma N, Vuppu S. In Silico Study of Enzymatic Degradation of Bioplastic by Microalgae: An Outlook on Microplastic Environmental Impact Assessment, Challenges, and Opportunities. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00886-w. [PMID: 37758971 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are tiny pieces of non-biodegradable plastic that can take thousands of years to break down. As microplastics degrade, they release harmful compounds into the environment, which can be found in the surroundings. The microplastics found in the environment are hard to detect and remove because of their small particle sizes. Microplastics cannot decompose naturally, so they accumulate in the environment and cause pollution. As a result, bioplastics can be produced from a vast array of substrates, including biopolymers, citrus peels, leather, and feather wastes. Blue-green microalgae namely Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) contains enzymes such as laccase and catalase which can be responsible for the degradation of bioplastics. In our study, we performed molecular docking to identify the binding affinities of different enzymes such as laccase and catalase with different substrates, focusing on determining the most suitable substrate for enhancing enzyme activity for degradation of bioplastics. The analysis revealed that veratryl alcohol is the most suitable substrate for laccase, whereas lignin is the more preferred substrate for catalase with the highest binding affinity score of - 5.9 and - 8.1 kcal/mol. Moreover, degradation, challenges, opportunities, and applications of bioplastics in numerous domains such as cosmetics, electronics, agriculture, medical, textiles, and food industries have also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Suneetha Vuppu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India.
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16
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Kong U, Mohammad Rawi NF, Tay GS. The Potential Applications of Reinforced Bioplastics in Various Industries: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102399. [PMID: 37242974 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of bioplastics has been an evolution for plastic industry since conventional plastics have been claimed to cause several environmental issues. Apart from its biodegradability, one of the advantages can be identified of using bioplastic is that they are produced by renewal resources as the raw materials for synthesis. Nevertheless, bioplastics can be classified into two types, which are biodegradable and non-biodegradable, depending on the type of plastic that is produced. Although some of the bioplastics are non-biodegradable, the usage of biomass in synthesising the bioplastics helps in preserving non-renewable resources, which are petrochemical, in producing conventional plastics. However, the mechanical strength of bioplastic still has room for improvement as compared to conventional plastics, which is believed to limit its application. Ideally, bioplastics need to be reinforced for improving their performance and properties to serve their application. Before 21st century, synthetic reinforcement has been used to reinforce conventional plastic to achieve its desire properties to serve its application, such as glass fiber. Owing to several issues, the trend has been diversified to utilise natural resources as reinforcements. There are several industries that have started to use reinforced bioplastic, and this article focuses on the advantages of using reinforced bioplastic in various industries and its limitations. Therefore, this article aims to study the trend of reinforced bioplastic applications and the potential applications of reinforced bioplastics in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwei Kong
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Fazita Mohammad Rawi
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Guan Seng Tay
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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17
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Rahardiyan D, Moko EM, Tan JS, Lee CK. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) bioplastic, the green solution for single-use petroleum plastic food packaging - A review. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 168:110260. [PMID: 37224591 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plastic throughout the years is now one of the biggest world commodities and also the largest pollution to have an environmental impact, accumulating in landfills and also leaching into water systems and oceans. Especially with the shift to single-use disposable plastic, evermore positions plastics as the number one novel entity that pollutes the earth. This shift is also consistent in the food packaging industry. Managing plastic waste is still an issue at large, while the process of pyrolysis incineration still requires an obscene amount of energy that also does not resolve the problems with its environmental impact, the cost of mechanical-chemical degradation even outweighs the cost of producing the materials, and biodegradation process is a very slow and long process. Converting to bioplastics is one of the potential solutions to the global plastic issue. This review covers the potentials, limitations, challenges, progress and advancements of bioplastics, especially thermoplastic starch (starch-based bioplastic) in their efforts to replace petroleum plastics in food packaging and smart food packaging, especially for single-use (disposable) food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Rahardiyan
- Agribusiness Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Catholic University of De La Salle Manado, North Sulawesi 95000, Indonesia; Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia
| | - Emma Mauren Moko
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Mathematics and Earth, Manado State University, Tondano, North Sulawesi 95618, Indonesia
| | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia; Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang Malaysia
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia; Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang Malaysia.
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18
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Cheah WY, Er AC, Aiyub K, Yasin NHM, Ngan S, Chew KW, Khoo KS, Ling TC, Juan JC, Ma Z, Show PL. Current status and perspectives of algae-based bioplastics: A reviewed potential for sustainability. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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19
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Choi SM, Lee SY, Lee S, Han SS, Shin EJ. In Situ Synthesis of Environmentally Friendly Waterborne Polyurethane Extended with Regenerated Cellulose Nanoparticles for Enhanced Mechanical Performances. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061541. [PMID: 36987323 PMCID: PMC10058780 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) has been stimulated as an alternative to solvent-based polyurethanes due to low-VOC alternatives and reduced exposure to solvents. However, their relatively low mechanical performance and degradation have presented challenges in their wide application. Here, we developed environmentally-friendly bio polyol-based WPU nanocomposite dispersions and films, and presented the optimal process conditions for their manufacture. Additionally, the condition was established without using harmful catalysts or ethyl methyl ketone (MEK) during the polymerization. Moreover, regenerated cellulose nanoparticles (RCNs) were employed as natural chain-extenders in order to improve the biodegradability and mechanical performances of the nanocomposite films. The RCNs have a lower crystallinity compared to cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), allowing them to possess high toughness without interfering with the elastomeric properties of polyurethane. The prepared CWPU/RCNs nanocomposite films exhibited high toughness of 58.8 ± 3 kgf∙mm and elongation at break of 240 ± 20%. In addition, depending on the molar ratio of NCO/OH, the polyurethane particle size is variously controlled from 70 to 230 nm, enabling to fabricate their dispersions with various transmittances. We believe that our findings not only open a meaningful path toward green elastomers with biodegradability but provides the design concept for bio-elastomers in order to develop industrial elastomers with mechanical and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Mo Choi
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 Beon-gil 2, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Fashion Design, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
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20
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Islam S, Cullen JM. Criteria for Assessing Sustainability of Lignocellulosic Wastes: Applied to the Cellulose Nanofibril Packaging Production in the UK. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061336. [PMID: 36987116 PMCID: PMC10053347 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive use of petrochemical plastic packaging leads to the greenhouse gas emission and contamination to soil and oceans, posing major threats to the ecosystem. The packaging needs, hence, are shifting to bioplastics with natural degradability. Lignocellulose, the biomass from forest and agriculture, can produce cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), a biodegradable material with acceptable functional properties, that can make packaging among other products. Compared to primary sources, CNF extracted from lignocellulosic wastes reduces the feedstock cost without causing an extension to agriculture and associated emissions. Most of these low value feedstocks go to alternative applications, making their use in CNF packaging competitive. To transfer the waste materials from current practices to the packaging production, it is imperative to assess their sustainability, encompassing environmental and economic impacts along with the feedstock physical and chemical properties. A combined overview of these criteria is absent in the literature. This study consolidates thirteen attributes, delineating sustainability of lignocellulosic wastes for commercial CNF packaging production. These criteria data are gathered for the UK waste streams, and transformed into a quantitative matrix, evaluating the waste feedstock sustainability for CNF packaging production. The presented approach can be adopted to decision scenarios in bioplastics packaging conversion and waste management.
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21
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Lee SJ, Gwak MA, Chathuranga K, Lee JS, Koo J, Park WH. Multifunctional chitosan/tannic acid composite films with improved anti-UV, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties for active food packaging. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Marta H, Rizki DI, Mardawati E, Djali M, Mohammad M, Cahyana Y. Starch Nanoparticles: Preparation, Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051167. [PMID: 36904409 PMCID: PMC10007494 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Starch as a natural polymer is abundant and widely used in various industries around the world. In general, the preparation methods for starch nanoparticles (SNPs) can be classified into 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' methods. SNPs can be produced in smaller sizes and used to improve the functional properties of starch. Thus, they are considered for the various opportunities to improve the quality of product development with starch. This literature study presents information and reviews regarding SNPs, their general preparation methods, characteristics of the resulting SNPs and their applications, especially in food systems, such as Pickering emulsion, bioplastic filler, antimicrobial agent, fat replacer and encapsulating agent. The aspects related to the properties of SNPs and information on the extent of their utilisation are reviewed in this study. The findings can be utilised and encouraged by other researchers to develop and expand the applications of SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlina Marta
- Department of Food Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dina Intan Rizki
- Department of Food Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Efri Mardawati
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Djali
- Department of Food Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Masita Mohammad
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universitas Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yana Cahyana
- Department of Food Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
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23
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Lignin Nanoparticles for Enhancing Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Polybutylene Succinate/Thymol Composite Film for Active Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040989. [PMID: 36850272 PMCID: PMC9967065 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural abundance, polymer stability, biodegradability, and natural antimicrobial properties of lignin open a wide range of potential applications aiming for sustainability. In this work, the effects of 1% (w/w) softwood kraft lignin nanoparticles (SLNPs) on the physicochemical properties of polybutylene succinate (PBS) composite films were investigated. Incorporation of SLNPs into neat PBS enhanced Td from 354.1 °C to 364.7 °C, determined through TGA, whereas Tg increased from -39.1 °C to -35.7 °C while no significant change was observed in Tm and crystallinity, analyzed through DSC. The tensile strength of neat PBS increased, to 35.6 MPa, when SLNPs were added to it. Oxygen and water vapor permeabilities of PBS with SLNPs decreased equating to enhanced barrier properties. The good interactions among SLNPs, thymol, and PBS matrix, and the high homogeneity of the resultant PBS composite films, were determined through FTIR and FE-SEM analyses. This work revealed that, among the PBS composite films tested, PBS + 1% SLNPs + 10% thymol showed the strongest microbial growth inhibition against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, both in vitro, through a diffusion method assay, and in actual testing on active packaging of mango fruit (cultivar "Nam Dok Mai Si Thong"). SLNPs could be an attractive replacement for synthetic substances for enhancing polymer properties without compromising the biodegradability of the resultant material, and for providing antimicrobial functions for active packaging applications.
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Roldán-San Antonio J, Martín M. Optimal Integrated Plant for Biodegradable Polymer Production. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:2172-2185. [PMID: 36817411 PMCID: PMC9930116 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c05356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An integrated facility for the production of biodegradable polymers from biomass residues has been developed. Lignocellulosic residues (sawdust), CO2, and organic waste such as manure or sludge are the raw materials. Manure and sludge are digested to provide the nutrients needed to grow algae. Algae are used in full to oil and starch production. The oil is transesterified with methanol generated via biogas dry reforming to obtain biodiesel and glycerol. The starch is used together with glycerol and the pretreated sawdust for the production of the biodegradable polymer. A mathematical optimization approach is used to identify the best use of each resource and the optimal operation of the integrated facility for each case. 4732 kt/yr of manure or 4653 kt/yr of sludge was processed to produce 354 kt/yr of biopolymer and 84 Mgal/yr of fatty acid methyl ester, capturing 2.47 kg of CO2 per kg of biopolymer with production costs of 0.89 and 0.95 $/kg, respectively, and an investment capital of 717 and 712 M$, respectively.
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Mechanical, Barrier and Thermal Properties of Amylose-Argan Proteins-Based Bioplastics in the Presence of Transglutaminase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043405. [PMID: 36834816 PMCID: PMC9966108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioeconomy aims to discover new sources for producing energy and materials and to valorize byproducts that otherwise would get wasted. In this work, we investigate the possibility of producing novel bioplastics, made up of argan seed proteins (APs), extracted from argan oilcake, and amylose (AM), obtained from barley plants through an RNA interference technique. Argan, Argania spinosa, is a plant widespread in arid regions of Northern Africa, where it plays a fundamental socio-ecological role. Argan seeds are used to obtain a biologically active and edible oil, producing a byproduct, the oilcake, that is rich in proteins, fibers, and fats, and is generally used as animal food. Recently, argan oilcakes have been attracting attention as a waste to be recovered to obtain high-added-value products. Here, APs were chosen to test the performance of blended bioplastics with AM, because they have the potential to improve the properties of the final product. High-AM-starches present attractive features for use as bioplastics, including a higher gel-forming capacity, a higher thermal stability, and reduced swelling compared to normal starch. It has already been demonstrated that pure AM-based films provide more suitable properties than normal starch-based films. Here, we report on the performance of these novel blended bioplastics in terms of their mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties; and the effect of the enzyme microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) as a reticulating agent for AP's components was also studied. These results contribute to the development of novel sustainable bioplastics with improved properties and confirm the possibility of valorizing the byproduct, APs, using them as a new raw material.
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Dehnou KH, Norouzi GS, Majidipour M. A review: studying the effect of graphene nanoparticles on mechanical, physical and thermal properties of polylactic acid polymer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:3976-4006. [PMID: 36756574 PMCID: PMC9891084 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a linear aliphatic polyester thermoplastic made from renewable sources such as sugar beet and cornstarch. Methods of preparation of polylactic acid are biological and chemical. The advantages of polylactic acid are biocompatibility, easily processing, low energy loss, transparency, high strength, resistance to water and fat penetration and low consumption of carbon dioxide during production. However, polylactic acid has disadvantages such as hydrophobicity, fragility at room temperature, low thermal resistance, slow degradation rate, permeability to gases, lack of active groups and chemical neutrality. To overcome the limitations of PLA, such as low thermal stability and inability to absorb gases, nanoparticles such as graphene are added to improve its properties. Extensive research has been done on the introduction of graphene nanoparticles in PLA, and all of these studies have been studied. In this study, we intend to study a comprehensive study of the effect of graphene nanoparticles on the mechanical, thermal, structural and rheological properties of PLA/Gr nanocomposites and also the effect of UV rays on the mechanical properties of PLA/Gr nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kianoush Hatami Dehnou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University Shiraz Iran
| | - Ghazal Saki Norouzi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University Iran
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Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Ullah S, Al-Azri MS, Bekhit AEDA, Karam L, Albratty M, Aldawsari MF, Anwer MK. Combined Effect of Drying Temperature and Varied Gelatin Concentration on Physicochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Ginger Oil Incorporated Chitosan Based Edible Films. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020364. [PMID: 36673455 PMCID: PMC9857393 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, ginger essential oil (GEO) loaded chitosan (CS) based films incorporated with varying concentrations of gelatin (GE) were fabricated and dried at different conditions (25 °C and 45 °C). The physio-chemical, mechanical and antioxidant potential of the films were determined. Films dried at 45 °C showed better physical attributes and less thickness, swelling degree (SD), moisture content, water vapor permeability (WVP), more transparency, and better mechanical characteristics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the chemical composition and interaction between the functional groups of the film components. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) findings revealed that samples dried at 45 °C had more crystalline structure, were thermally stable, and smoother. Antioxidant results showed that films dried at low temperature showed comparatively more (p < 0.0001) antioxidant activity. Additionally, an increase in gelatin concentration improved the tensile strength and swelling factor (p < 0.05), however, had no significant impact on other parameters. The overall results suggested better characteristics of GEO-loaded CS-GE based edible films when dried at 45 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Prem Nagar, Dehradun 248007, India
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Sana Ullah
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | - Mohammed Said Al-Azri
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa P.O. Box 33, Oman
| | | | - Layal Karam
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Mohammed AABA, Hasan Z, Omran AAB, Elfaghi AM, Khattak M, Ilyas RA, Sapuan SM. Effect of Various Plasticizers in Different Concentrations on Physical, Thermal, Mechanical, and Structural Properties of Wheat Starch-Based Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010063. [PMID: 36616412 PMCID: PMC9823313 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocomposite materials are essential for environmental protection, as they have the ability of substituting synthetic plastic with natural materials. This work investigated how different plasticizers (Glycerol (G), Fructose (F), Sorbitol (S), and Urea (U)) affect the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and physical characteristics of films made of wheat starch at various concentrations (0%, 15%, 25%, and 35%). Plasticizers were added to improve the flexibility and homogeneity of the wheat starch-based bioplastic. Control film exhibited high tensile strength (38.7 MPa) with low elongation (1.9%). However, films plasticized with 35% sorbitol showed the highest elongation, which was 60.7% at break. At 35% of all plasticizers, fructose showed the highest tensile strength, with 7.6 MPa. The addition of different plasticizers shows improvement in water resistance; films plasticized with glycerol had the lowest water absorption at 35% fructose (187.4%) and also showed coherent surfaces. Glycerol, sorbitol, and urea films showed a higher mass loss compared to fructose films. Fructose showed the highest performance after the analysis of the results, with low water absorption, water content, and mass loss and with high mechanical performance at 35% of fructose. SEM images show that the addition of fructose and glycerol improves the surface homogenate, while sorbitol and urea have a less compact structure with large pores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaimah Hasan
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (A.A.B.O.)
| | - Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar P C-311, Oman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Science & Technology, Sebha University, Sabha 00218, Libya
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (A.A.B.O.)
| | - Abdulhafid M. Elfaghi
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia
| | - M.A. Khattak
- ARL Laboratory Services PTY Ltd., 1361/55 Pine Rd., Yennora, Sydney, NSW 216, Australia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Center (AEMC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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de Souza MN, Piedade ABS, Santos TP, de Britto VF, Nascimento E, de Faria JLB, de Faria RAPG. Interaction effect of cassava starch × buriti oil on the physical properties of edible films. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Nascimento de Souza
- Department of Research, Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Mato Grosso Cuiabá Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Silva Piedade
- Department of Research, Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Mato Grosso Cuiabá Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Thaynara Pegoraro Santos
- Department of Research, Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Mato Grosso Cuiabá Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Vitória França de Britto
- Department of Research, Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Mato Grosso Cuiabá Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Edgar Nascimento
- Department of Research, Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Mato Grosso Cuiabá Mato Grosso Brazil
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Marta H, Wijaya C, Sukri N, Cahyana Y, Mohammad M. A Comprehensive Study on Starch Nanoparticle Potential as a Reinforcing Material in Bioplastic. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224875. [PMID: 36433002 PMCID: PMC9693780 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Starch can be found in the stems, roots, fruits, and seeds of plants such as sweet potato, cassava, corn, potato, and many more. In addition to its original form, starch can be modified by reducing its size. Starch nanoparticles have a small size and large active surface area, making them suitable for use as fillers or as a reinforcing material in bioplastics. The aim of reinforcing material is to improve the characteristics of bioplastics. This literature study aims to provide in-depth information on the potential use of starch nanoparticles as a reinforcing material in bioplastic packaging. This study also reviews starch size reduction methods including acid hydrolysis, nanoprecipitation, milling, and others; characteristics of the nano-starch particle; and methods to produce bioplastic and its characteristics. The use of starch nanoparticles as a reinforcing material can increase tensile strength, reduce water vapor and oxygen permeability, and increase the biodegradability of bioplastics. However, the use of starch nanoparticles as a reinforcing material for bioplastic packaging still encounters obstacles in its commercialization efforts, due to high production costs and ineffectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlina Marta
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomass and Biorefinery between BRIN and Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Wijaya
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Nandi Sukri
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Yana Cahyana
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia
| | - Masita Mohammad
- Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ali SS, Elsamahy T, Abdelkarim EA, Al-Tohamy R, Kornaros M, Ruiz HA, Zhao T, Li F, Sun J. Biowastes for biodegradable bioplastics production and end-of-life scenarios in circular bioeconomy and biorefinery concept. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127869. [PMID: 36064080 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to global urbanization, industrialization, and economic development, biowastes generation represents negative consequences on the environment and human health. The use of generated biowastes as a feedstock for biodegradable bioplastic production has opened a new avenue for environmental sustainability from the circular (bio)economy standpoint. Biodegradable bioplastic production can contribute to the sustainability pillars (environmental, economic, and social). Furthermore, bioenergy, biomass, and biopolymers production after recycling of biodegradable bioplastic can help to maintain the energy-environment balance. Several types of biodegradable bioplastic, such as starch-based, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polylactic acid, and polybutylene adipate terephthalate, can achieve this aim. In this review, an overview of the main biowastes valorization routes and the main biodegradable bioplastic types of production, application, and biodegradability are discussed to achieve the transition to the circular economy. Additionally, end-of-life scenarios (up-cycle and down-cycle) are reviewed to attain the maximum environmental, social, and economic benefit from biodegradable bioplastic products under biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Tamer Elsamahy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Esraa A Abdelkarim
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Rania Al-Tohamy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Héctor A Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25280, Mexico
| | - Tong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Fanghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China.
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Jayarathna S, Andersson M, Andersson R. Recent Advances in Starch-Based Blends and Composites for Bioplastics Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4557. [PMID: 36365555 PMCID: PMC9657003 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution by synthetic polymers is a global problem and investigating substitutes for synthetic polymers is a major research area. Starch can be used in formulating bioplastic materials, mainly as blends or composites with other polymers. The major drawbacks of using starch in such applications are water sensitivity and poor mechanical properties. Attempts have been made to improve the mechanical properties of starch-based blends and composites, by e.g., starch modification or plasticization, matrix reinforcement, and polymer blending. Polymer blending can bring synergetic benefits to blends and composites, but necessary precautions must be taken to ensure the compatibility of hydrophobic polymers and hydrophilic starch. Genetic engineering offers new possibilities to modify starch inplanta in a manner favorable for bioplastics applications, while the incorporation of antibacterial and/or antioxidant agents into starch-based food packaging materials brings additional advantages. In conclusion, starch is a promising material for bioplastic production, with great potential for further improvements. This review summarizes the recent advances in starch-based blends and composites and highlights the potential strategies for overcoming the major drawbacks of using starch in bioplastics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishanthi Jayarathna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mariette Andersson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7015, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Mohammed AABA, Hasan Z, Omran AAB, Kumar V, Elfaghi AM, Ilyas RA, Sapuan SM. Corn: Its Structure, Polymer, Fiber, Composite, Properties, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204396. [PMID: 36297977 PMCID: PMC9607144 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocomposite materials have a significant function in saving the environment by replacing artificial plastic materials with natural substances. They have been enrolled in many applications, such as housing, automotive engine components, aerospace and military products, electronic and circuit board components, and oil and gas equipment. Therefore, continuous studies have been employed to improve their mechanical, thermal, physical properties. In this research, we conduct a comprehensive review about corn fiber and corn starch-based biocomposite. The results gained from previous studies were compared and discussed. Firstly, the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of cornstarch-based composite were discussed. Then, the effects of various types of plasticizers on the flexibility of the cornstarch-based composite were addressed. The effects of chemical treatments on the properties of biocomposite using different cross-linking agents were discussed. The corn fiber surface treatment to enhance interfacial adhesion between natural fiber and polymeric matrix also were addressed. Finally, morphological characterization, crystallinity degree, and measurement of vapor permeability, degradation, and uptake of water were discussed. The mechanical, thermal, and water resistance properties of corn starch and fibers-based biopolymers show a significant improvement through plasticizing, chemical treatment, grafting, and cross-linker agent procedures, which expands their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaimah Hasan
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (A.A.B.O.)
| | - Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar P C-311, Oman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Science & Technology, Sebha University, Sabha 00218, Libya
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (A.A.B.O.)
| | - V.Vinod Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar P C-311, Oman
| | - Abdulhafid M. Elfaghi
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Malaysia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Center (AEMC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Censi V, Saiano F, Bongiorno D, Indelicato S, Napoli A, Piazzese D. Bioplastics: A new analytical challenge. Front Chem 2022; 10:971792. [PMID: 36212056 PMCID: PMC9538493 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.971792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though petroleum-based plastics are advantageous in complying with the performance requirements in many applications, these are related, throughout their life cycle, to several environmental problems, including greenhouse gas emissions and persistence in marine and terrestrial environments. Therefore, the preservation of natural resources and climate change is considered worldwide, the main reason for which is necessary to reduce consumption and dependence on fossil-based materials. Biopolymers (PLA, PHAs, etc.) are examples of plastics whose use is grown exponentially over the years because of the improvements of their physical and mechanical properties using additives of various nature and depending on the scope of application. This review aims to discuss various ways of biopolymer degradation, to evaluate if they represent a new Frontier in eco-sustainability or rather a re-proposal of old problems. Related to this topic, we also have focussed our attention on the different methods for the quantitative analysis of bioplastics, or their degradation by-products, comparing and evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Censi
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Saiano
- Department Agricultural Food and Forestry Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - David Bongiorno
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Indelicato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Napoli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Daniela Piazzese
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniela Piazzese,
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35
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Murić BD, Pantelić DV, Radmilović MD, Savić-Šević SN, Vasović VO. Characterization and Optimization of Real-Time Photoresponsive Gelatin for Direct Laser Writing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122350. [PMID: 35745926 PMCID: PMC9229905 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an abundance of plastic materials used in the widest range of applications, such as packaging, machine parts, biomedical devices and components, etc. However, most materials used today are non-decomposable in the environment, producing a huge burden on ecosystems. The search for better, safer alternatives is still on. Here we present a detailed analysis of a simple, cheap, non-toxic, even edible, eco-friendly material, which can be easily manufactured, laser patterned and used for the fabrication of complex structures. The base substance is gelatin which is made photoresponsive by adding plasticizers and sensitizers. The resulting films were analyzed with respect to their optical, thermal and mechanical properties, which can be modified by a slight variation of chemical composition. The material is optimized for rapid laser-manufacturing of elastic microstructures (lenses, gratings, cantilevers, etc.) without any waste or residues. Overall, the material properties were tailored to increase photothermal responsivity, improve the surface quality and achieve material homogeneity, transparency and long-term stability (as verified using electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry).
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka D. Murić
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.P.); (M.D.R.); (S.N.S.-Š.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dejan V. Pantelić
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.P.); (M.D.R.); (S.N.S.-Š.)
| | - Mihajlo D. Radmilović
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.P.); (M.D.R.); (S.N.S.-Š.)
| | - Svetlana N. Savić-Šević
- Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.P.); (M.D.R.); (S.N.S.-Š.)
| | - Vesna O. Vasović
- Western Serbia Academy of Applied Studies, Užice Department, Trg Svetog Save 34, 31000 Užice, Serbia;
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Patty DJ, Nugraheni AD, Ana ID, Yusuf Y. Dual functional carbonate-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite from Pinctada maxima and egg-white for bone tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1043-1062. [PMID: 35107394 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2036934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to design a 3D carbonate-hydroxyapatite (CHA)/sago (S) based egg white (EW) microstructure with antibacterial properties to improve the performance of bone grafts for bone tissue engineering. In this study, Pinctada maxima (P. maxima) shell was used as a calcium (Ca) source in CHA synthesis. The annealing temperature of CHA at 900, 1000, and 1100 °C affected microstructural and lattice parameters, with stoichiometry 1.72-1.77, and B-type CHA was identified. CHA/S with various concentrations of EW (10 and 30 wt.%) effectively increased pore size and porosity. XRD spectra confirmed that sago and EW in CHA nanocomposite stable the crystal structure. FTIR spectrum shows protein phosphorylation in CHA nanocomposite due to PO43- ion exchange. In-vitro bioactivity of CHA-S10 (MTT assay) showed increased cell viability and optical density (OD; 24-48 h) to control. Antibacterial activity of CHA-S10 and CHA/S (control) against bacteria associated with periodontal disease and bone infection (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans [A. actinomycetemcomitans], Porphyromonas gingivalis [P. gingivalis], Fusobacterium nucleatum [F. nucleatum; gram negative], and Staphylococcus aureus [S. aureus; gram positive]) by disc diffusion method showed that CHA-S10 and CHA/S had strong antibacterial activity. In conclusion, EW's properties had proven the CHA/S/EW as bone grafts, effectively increasing pore size, porosity, biocompatibility, and strong antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Julaidy Patty
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Indonesia
| | - Ari Dwi Nugraheni
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yusril Yusuf
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Nanda S, Patra BR, Patel R, Bakos J, Dalai AK. Innovations in applications and prospects of bioplastics and biopolymers: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:379-395. [PMID: 34867134 PMCID: PMC8629338 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-biodegradable plastics are continually amassing landfills and oceans worldwide while creating severe environmental issues and hazards to animal and human health. Plastic pollution has resulted in the death of millions of seabirds and aquatic animals. The worldwide production of plastics in 2020 has increased by 36% since 2010. This has generated significant interest in bioplastics to supplement global plastic demands. Bioplastics have several advantages over conventional plastics in terms of biodegradability, low carbon footprint, energy efficiency, versatility, unique mechanical and thermal characteristics, and societal acceptance. Bioplastics have huge potential to replace petroleum-based plastics in a wide range of industries from automobiles to biomedical applications. Here we review bioplastic polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoate, polylactic acid, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, polyamide 11, and polyhydroxyurethanes; and cellulose-based, starch-based, protein-based and lipid-based biopolymers. We discuss economic benefits, market scenarios, chemistry and applications of bioplastic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonil Nanda
- Titan Clean Energy Projects Corporation, Craik, SK Canada
| | - Biswa R. Patra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Ravi Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Jamie Bakos
- Titan Clean Energy Projects Corporation, Craik, SK Canada
| | - Ajay K. Dalai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
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Pereira DGM, Vieira JM, Vicente AA, Cruz RMS. Development and Characterization of Pectin Films with Salicornia ramosissima: Biodegradation in Soil and Seawater. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162632. [PMID: 34451172 PMCID: PMC8398948 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin films were developed by incorporating a halophyte plant Salicornia ramosissima (dry powder from stem parts) to modify the film’s properties. The films’ physicomechanical properties, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and microstructure, as well as their biodegradation capacity in soil and seawater, were evaluated. The inclusion of S. ramosissima significantly increased the thickness (0.25 ± 0.01 mm; control 0.18 ± 0.01 mm), color parameters a* (4.96 ± 0.30; control 3.29 ± 0.16) and b* (28.62 ± 0.51; control 12.74 ± 0.75), water vapor permeability (1.62 × 10−9 ± 1.09 × 10−10 (g/m·s·Pa); control 1.24 × 10−9 ± 6.58 × 10−11 (g/m·s·Pa)), water solubility (50.50 ± 5.00%; control 11.56 ± 5.56%), and elongation at break (5.89 ± 0.29%; control 3.91 ± 0.62%). On the other hand, L* (48.84 ± 1.60), tensile strength (0.13 ± 0.02 MPa), and Young’s modulus (0.01 ± 0 MPa) presented lower values compared with the control (L* 81.20 ± 1.60; 4.19 ± 0.82 MPa; 0.93 ± 0.12 MPa), while the moisture content varied between 30% and 45%, for the film with S. ramosissima and the control film, respectively. The addition of S. ramosissima led to opaque films with relatively heterogeneous microstructures. The films showed also good biodegradation capacity—after 21 days in soil (around 90%), and after 30 days in seawater (fully fragmented). These results show that pectin films with S. ramosissima may have great potential to be used in the future as an eco-friendly food packaging material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela G. M. Pereira
- Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Campus da Penha, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Jorge M. Vieira
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.M.V.); (A.A.V.)
| | - António A. Vicente
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.M.V.); (A.A.V.)
| | - Rui M. S. Cruz
- Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Campus da Penha, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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