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Fatima R, Fatima F, Altemimi AB, Bashir N, Sipra HM, Hassan SA, Mujahid W, Shehzad A, Abdi G, Aadil RM. Bridging sustainability and industry through resourceful utilization of pea pods- A focus on diverse industrial applications. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101518. [PMID: 38952562 PMCID: PMC11215214 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The focus on sustainable utilization of agricultural waste is currently a leading area of scientific research, driving significant advancements in technology and circular economy models. The fundamental capacity of bio-based products, bioprocessing techniques, and the crucial involvement of microbial treatments are opening opportunities for efficient solutions in various industries. One of the most popular green vegetables, peas are members of the Fabaceae family and have a pod-like structure. Every year, a significant amount of pea pods is discarded as waste products of peas that have negative impacts on our environment. In this comprehensive review, we explore innovative methods for utilizing pea pods to minimize their environmental footprint and optimize their viability across multiple industries. A large portion of the pea processing industry's output consists of pea pods. Variety of proteins, with major classes being globulin and albumin (13%), dietary fiber (43-58%), and minerals are abundant in these pods. Because of their diverse physiochemical properties, they find applications in many diverse fields. The porous pea pods comprised cellulose (61.35%) and lignin (22.12%), which could make them superior adsorbents. The components of these byproducts possess valuable attributes that make them applicable across treatment of wastewater, production of biofuels, synthesis of biocolors, development of nutraceuticals, functional foods, and enzymes for the textile industry, modification of oil, and inhibition of steel corrosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubab Fatima
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Filza Fatima
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Nadia Bashir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Mehmood Sipra
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Hassan
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Mujahid
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- UniLaSalle, Univ.Artois, ULR7519 - Transformations & Agro-ressources, Normandie Université, F-76130, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Majeed F, Razzaq A, Rehmat S, Azhar I, Mohyuddin A, Rizvi NB. Enhanced dye sequestration with natural polysaccharides-based hydrogels: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121820. [PMID: 38368085 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Due to the expansion of industrial activities, the concentration of dyes in water has been increasing. The dire need to remove these pollutants from water has been heavily discussed. This study focuses on the reproducible and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment and dye annihilation challenges. Adsorption has been rated the most practical way of the several decolorization procedures due to its minimal initial investment, convenient utility, and high-performance caliber. Hydrogels, which are three-dimensional polymer networks, are notable because of their potential to regenerate, biodegrade, absorb bulky amounts of water, respond to stimuli, and have unique morphologies. Natural polysaccharide hydrogels are chosen over synthetic ones because they are robust, bioresorbable, non-toxic, and cheaply accessible. This study has covered six biopolymers, including chitosan, cellulose, pectin, sodium alginate, guar gum, and starch, consisting of their chemical architecture, origins, characteristics, and uses. The next part describes these polysaccharide-based hydrogels, including their manufacturing techniques, chemical alterations, and adsorption effectiveness. It is deeply evaluated how size and shape affect the adsorption rate, which has not been addressed in any prior research. To assist the readers in identifying areas for further research in this subject, limitations of these hydrogels and future views are provided in the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiza Majeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal 51600, Pakistan
| | - Ammarah Razzaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal 51600, Pakistan
| | - Shabnam Rehmat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal 51600, Pakistan; School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Irfan Azhar
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Abrar Mohyuddin
- Department of Chemistry, The Emerson University Multan, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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Mosoarca G, Vancea C, Popa S, Dan M, Boran S. A Novel High-Efficiency Natural Biosorbent Material Obtained from Sour Cherry ( Prunus cerasus) Leaf Biomass for Cationic Dyes Adsorption. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4252. [PMID: 37374436 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the potential of a new lignocellulosic biosorbent material derived from mature leaves of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) for removing methylene blue and crystal violet dyes from aqueous solutions. The material was first characterized using several specific techniques (SEM, FTIR, color analysis). Then, the adsorption process mechanism was investigated through studies related to adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamics. A desorption study was also performed. Results showed that the Sips isotherm provided the best fit for the adsorption process of both dyes, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 168.6 (mg g-1) for methylene blue and 524.1 (mg g-1) for crystal violet, outperforming the capacity of other similar adsorbents. The contact time needed to reach equilibrium was 40 min for both studied dyes. The Elovich equation is the most suitable model for describing the adsorption of methylene blue, while the general order model is better suited for the adsorption of crystal violet dye. Thermodynamic analyses revealed the adsorption process to be spontaneous, favorable, and exothermic, with physical adsorption involved as the primary mechanism. The obtained results suggest that sour cherry leaves powder can be a highly efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective adsorbent for removing methylene blue and crystal violet dyes from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannin Mosoarca
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, Bd. V. Parvan No. 6, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cosmin Vancea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, Bd. V. Parvan No. 6, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simona Popa
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, Bd. V. Parvan No. 6, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mircea Dan
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, Bd. V. Parvan No. 6, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorina Boran
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Politehnica University Timisoara, Bd. V. Parvan No. 6, 300223 Timisoara, Romania
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“Gamma Irradiation Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Nanoclay Hydrogel for the Removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) from Aqueous Media”. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHydrogel composites comprised of N,O carboxymethyl chitosan crosslinked with different weight ratios of acrylic acid and fabricated with nanoclay particle were prepared via gamma irradiation at 25 kGy irradiation dose. The prepared composites were coded as CsAA1Cl, CsAA2Cl and CsAA3Cl based on the weight ratio of acrylic acid to the chitosan derivative. The claimed hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, TGA and XRD. The TGA data implied that the incorporation of clay nanoparticles enhanced the thermal stability of the composites; the decomposition temperature increased up to 500 °C for CsAA3Cl. Three AFM outcomes were used to compare the surface features of the samples; topography, height and surface roughness. The topography data reveals that the nanoclay particles incorporated in CsAA3Cl are intercalated and exfoliated. Then, the optimized sorbent (CsAA3Cl) was investigated as green sorbents for chromium (VI) and lead (II). The data revealed that CsAA3Cl displayed maximum removal performance towards both lead and chromium with removal efficiencies 125 mg/g and 205 mg/g respectively at the optimum application conditions within 90 min only. Also, it was found that the optimum pH value was 9 for chromium and 8 for lead. The data proved that the adsorption of both cations followed pseudo-first order kinetic model. The prepared composites showed acceptable metal uptake capacity at three successive cycles.
Graphical Abstract
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Soury R, Alhar MSO, Jabli M. Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Dichloride (5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylporphyrinato) Antimony Functionalized Pectin Biopolymer to Methylene Blue Adsorption. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041030. [PMID: 36850313 PMCID: PMC9968078 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, pectin biopolymers were functionalized with dichloride (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato) antimony [Sb(TPP)Cl2] at various compositions (0.5%, 1%, and 2%). The prepared compounds were characterized with several analytical methods, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric-differential thermal (TGA/DTG) analysis. The XRF technique evidenced the presence of Sb metal in the composite beads. FT-IR suggested that the interaction between pectin and the [Sb(TPP)Cl2] complex was assured by inter- and intramolecular C-H⋯O, C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and weak C-H⋯Cg π interactions (Cg is the centroid of the pyrrole and phenyl rings). The morphological features of the prepared polymeric beads were affected by the addition of [Sb(TPP)Cl2] particles, and the surface became rough. The thermal residual mass for the composite beads (29%) was more important than that of plain beads (23%), which confirmed the presence of inorganic matter in the modified polymeric beads. At 20 °C, the highest adsorption amounts of methylene blue were 39 mg/g and 68 mg/g for unmodified pectin and pectin-[Sb(TPP)Cl2] beads, respectively. The adsorption mechanism correlated well with the kinetic equation of the second order and the isotherm of Freundlich. The prepared polymeric beads were characterized as moderate-to-good adsorbents. The calculated thermodynamic parameters demonstrated an exothermic and thermodynamically nonspontaneous mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoudha Soury
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (M.J.)
| | | | - Mahjoub Jabli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (R.S.); (M.J.)
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Sayed A, Mazrouaa AM, Mohamed MG, Abdel-Raouf MES. Green synthesis of chitosan/erythritol/graphene oxide composites for simultaneous removal of some toxic species from simulated solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25903-25919. [PMID: 36348240 PMCID: PMC9995588 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan (Ch) is adapted via green methodology including sonication induced crosslinking with different weight ratios of erythritol (Er) from (Ch-Er)1 to (Ch-Er)4. The products were casted in the form of thin films. The chemical modification was proved via FTIR spectroscopy. Then, the modified products were verified via an atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation for their topography and surface properties. The data revealed that the optimized sample was (Ch-Er)3. This sample was further modified by different weight ratios of graphene oxide 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 wt./wt. (symbolized as (Ch-Er)3GO1, (Ch-Er)3GO2, (Ch-Er)3GO4, and (Ch-Er)3GO8 respectively). The prepared samples were investigated by different analytical tools. Then, the adjusted sample (Ch-Er)3GO2 was irradiated by electron beam (e-beam) at 10 and 20 kGy of irradiation doses to give samples (Ch-Er)3GO2R10 and (Ch-Er)3GO2R20, respectively. The AFM data of the irradiated samples showed that the pore size decreases, and surface roughness increases at higher energy e-beam due to the formation of more crosslinking points. The optimum samples of the prepared formulations were tested as sorbent materials for simultaneous elimination of methylene blue (MB) dye and mercury cation (Hg2+) from simulated solutions. The maximum removal of both MB dye and Hg2+ cation was achieved by (Ch-Er)3GO2R10 (186.23 mg g-1 and 205 mg g-1) respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Sayed
- Polymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Azza M Mazrouaa
- Polymer Lab, Department of Petrochemicals, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal G Mohamed
- Polymer Lab, Department of Petrochemicals, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manar El-Sayed Abdel-Raouf
- Additives Lab, Department of Petroleum Application, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Novel pectin-based nanocomposite film for active food packaging applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20673. [PMID: 36450774 PMCID: PMC9712656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel pectin-based films reinforced with crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) and activated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by solvent-casting method. Film ingredients enhanced UV-blocking, thermal, and antibacterial properties of active films against well-known foodborne pathogens. Optimal active films exhibited higher mechanical, water vapor barrier properties compared to pristine pectin films. SEM confirmed the even distribution of CNC and ZnO NPs in pectin matrix and their interactions were proven using FTIR. Wrapping hard cheese samples artificially contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica with the ternary nanocomposite film at 7 °C for 5 days significantly reduced the total population counts by at least 1.02 log CFU/g. Zn2+ migrating to wrapped cheese samples was below the specific limit (5 mg/kg), confirming their safety for food contact. Overall, ZnO/CNC/pectin nanocomposite films represent promising candidates for active food packaging as safe, eco-friendly alternatives for synthetic packaging materials.
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Gago D, Corvo MC, Chagas R, Ferreira LM, Coelhoso I. Protein Adsorption Performance of a Novel Functionalized Cellulose-Based Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235122. [PMID: 36501515 PMCID: PMC9736165 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicarboxymethyl cellulose (DCMC) was synthesized and tested for protein adsorption. The prepared polymer was characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) to confirm the functionalization of cellulose. This work shows that protein adsorption onto DCMC is charge dependent. The polymer adsorbs positively charged proteins, cytochrome C and lysozyme, with adsorption capacities of 851 and 571 mg g-1, respectively. In both experiments, the adsorption process follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetics by DCMC is well described by the pseudo second-order model, and adsorption equilibrium was reached within 90 min. Moreover, DCMC was successfully reused for five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, without compromising the removal efficiency (98-99%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gago
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marta C. Corvo
- i3N/Cenimat, Materials Science Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Chagas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Food4Sustainability—Associação para a Inovação no Alimento Sustentável, Centro Empresarial de Idanha-a-Nova, Zona Industrial, 6060-182 Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal
| | - Luísa M. Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Coelhoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Mahmoud GA, Ali HE, Radwan RR. Design of pH-responsive polymeric nanocarrier for targeted delivery of pyrogallol with enhanced antitumor potential in colon cancer. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 731:109431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yousif S, Al-Mosawi S. Adsorptive separation of dissolved cadmium from aqueous solution using (Ziziphus Spina-Christi) leaves as an adsorbent. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Sayed A, Hany F, Abdel-Raouf MES, Mahmoud GA. Gamma irradiation synthesis of pectin- based biohydrogels for removal of lead cations from simulated solutions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBio-based hydrogels (denoted as PC-PAAc/GA) comprised of Pectin (PC) and polyacrylic acid (PAAc) reinforced with different ratios of gallic acid (GA) were prepared by gamma radiation at irradiation dose 20 kGy. The prepared hydrogels were investigated by different analytical tools. The swelling performance was studied versus time, pH of the medium and gallic acid content. The experimental data depicted that the swelling increases with pH of medium until the equilibrium of swelling after 350 min. The maximum swelling was attained at pH10 for both PC-PAAc and PC-PAA/GA1.5. Also, the data reveal that the incorporation of GA in the hydrogel matrix enhanced the swelling performance of the hydrogel up to an optimum value of GA, i.e. PC-PAA/GA1.5. Further increase in GA concentration leads to formation of a highly crosslinked structure with reduced swelling. The results demonstrated that the prepared hydrogels displayed excellent antibacterial activity against gram + ve bacteria (E.coli) and gram-ve bacteria (S.aureus). This potent antimicrobial activity is mainly originated from GA which was proved as a strong antibacterial agent. Moreover, the removal performance of the investigated hydrogels was verified towards Pb+2 cation as one of the most poisonous heavy metals. The data revealed that the maximum removal percentage of Pb (II) was attained by PC-PAAc/GA1.5 hydrogel (90 mg g−1). The correlation coefficients of the Langmuir model are too higher than that of the Freundlich model that assumed the adsorption of lead cations is mainly a chemical process.
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Radiation Synthesis of Green Nanoarchitectonics of Guar Gum-Pectin/Polyacrylamide/Zinc Oxide Superabsorbent Hydrogel for Sustainable Agriculture. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02465-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn the current study, the performance of superabsorbent hydrogel composites comprised of Guar gum-Pectin/Polyacrylamide/ZnO crosslinked with gamma irradiation (10 kGy) has been investigated for sustainable agriculture. The claimed composites (GG/PC/PAAm/ZnOx) were characterized by FTIR, TGA, and AFM. The swelling capacity data reveal that the equilibrium water swelling (EW) of the composites was increased by increasing the ZnO content from 600 to 1050 g/g for zero to the highest concentration of ZnO, respectively. Furthermore, the physical properties of the soil mixed with the hydrogels were improved; water holding capacity (WHC) increased to 66% and water retention (WR) kept at 15% after 20 days. The composites showed a good degradability in the biodegradation test. They also portrayed super-absorption capacity at three swelling/deswelling cycles. This advancement is important for reducing water consumption through the irrigation of arid lands. The prepared composites were proved as excellent candidates in sustainable agriculture applications.
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Mosoarca G, Popa S, Vancea C, Dan M, Boran S. Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using a New Natural Lignocellulosic Adsorbent-Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus) Leaves Powder. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14101966. [PMID: 35631848 PMCID: PMC9143437 DOI: 10.3390/polym14101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaves were converted to powder and used as a new natural lignocellulosic low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue removal from aqueous solutions. Different techniques (FTIR, SEM, color analysis, and pHPZC determination) were applied for adsorbent characterization. The effects of pH, ionic strength, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial deconcentration, and temperature on adsorption capacity were investigated. Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies have shown that the adsorption is best described by the Sips isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model and that the process is spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic, involving physisorption as the main mechanism. The maximum adsorption capacity was 244.6 (mg g−1) higher compared to other adsorbents based on plant leaves. The Taguchi method and the ANOVA analysis were used to optimize the adsorption conditions. The contact time was the factor with the highest influence on the process, while the temperature had the lowest influence. A desorption study was also performed to determine the possibility of adsorbent regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona Popa
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.V.); (M.D.); Tel.: +40-256404212 (S.P.); +40-256404194 (C.V.); +40-256404176 (M.D.)
| | - Cosmin Vancea
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.V.); (M.D.); Tel.: +40-256404212 (S.P.); +40-256404194 (C.V.); +40-256404176 (M.D.)
| | - Mircea Dan
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (C.V.); (M.D.); Tel.: +40-256404212 (S.P.); +40-256404194 (C.V.); +40-256404176 (M.D.)
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