1
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Rauscher PM. Renormalized one-loop theory of correlations in disperse polymer blends. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244906. [PMID: 38156636 DOI: 10.1063/5.0183860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer blends are critical in many commercial products and industrial processes and their phase behavior is therefore of paramount importance. In most circumstances, such blends are formulated with samples of high dispersity, which have generally only been studied at the mean-field level. Here, we extend the renormalized one-loop theory of concentration fluctuations to account for blends of disperse polymers. Analyzing the short and long length-scale fluctuations in a consistent manner, various measures of polymer molecular weight and dispersity arise naturally in the free energy. Thermodynamic analysis in terms of moments of the molecular weight distribution(s) provides exact results for the inverse susceptibility and demonstrates that the theory is not formally renormalizable. However, physically motivated approximations allow for an "effective" renormalization, yielding (1) an effective interaction parameter, χe, which depends directly on the sample dispersities (i.e., Mw/Mn) and leaves the form of the mean-field spinodal unchanged, and (2) an apparent interaction parameter χa that depends on higher-order dispersity indices, for instance Mz/Mw, and characterizes the true limits of blend stability accounting for long-range off-critical fluctuations. We demonstrate the importance of dispersity on several example systems, including both "toy" models that may be realized in computer simulation and more realistic industrially relevant blends. We find that the effects of long-range fluctuations are particularly prominent in blends where the component dispersities are mismatched, especially when there is a small quantity of the high-dispersity species. This can be understood as a consequence of the shift in the critical concentration(s) from the monodisperse value(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Rauscher
- Polymer Physics Group, Specialty Polymers Global Business Unit, Syensqo S.A., 4500 McGinnis Ferry Road, Alpharetta, Georgia 30005, USA
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2
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Gavande V, Jeong M, Lee WK. On the Mechanical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene/Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polypropylene Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4236. [PMID: 37959916 PMCID: PMC10647653 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene (UHMWPP) as a dispersed component was melt blended with conventional high-density polyethylene (PE) and maleic anhydride grafted-polyethylene (mPE) in different proportions through a kneader. Ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene is a high-performance polymer material that has excellent mechanical properties and toughness compared to other polymers. Mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties were presented for various UHMWPP loadings, and correlations between mechanical and rheological properties were examined. Optimal comprehensive mechanical properties are achieved when the UHMWPP content reaches approximately 50 wt%, although the elongation properties do not match those of pure PE or mPE. However, it is worth noting that the elongation properties of these blends did not match those of PE or mPE. Particularly, for the PE/UHMWPP blends, a significant drop in tensile strength was observed as the UHMWPP content decreased (from 30.24 MPa for P50U50 to 13.12 MPa for P90U10). In contrast, the mPE/UHMWPP blends demonstrated only minimal changes in tensile strength (ranging from 29 MPa for mP50U50 to 24.64 MPa for mP90U10) as UHMWPP content varied. The storage modulus of the PE/UHMWPP blends increased drastically with the UHMWPP content due to the UHMWPP chain entanglements and rigidity. Additionally, we noted a substantial reduction in the melt index of the blend system when the UHMWPP content exceeded 10% by weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Won-Ki Lee
- Division of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (V.G.)
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3
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Polymer positive temperature coefficient composites with room-temperature Curie point and superior flexibility for self-regulating heating devices. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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4
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Dual Transient Networks of Polymer and Micellar Chains: Structure and Viscoelastic Synergy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234255. [PMID: 34883758 PMCID: PMC8659570 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual transient networks were prepared by mixing highly charged long wormlike micelles of surfactants with polysaccharide chains of hydroxypropyl guar above the entanglement concentration for each of the components. The wormlike micelles were composed of two oppositely charged surfactants potassium oleate and n-octyltrimethylammonium bromide with a large excess of anionic surfactant. The system is macroscopically homogeneous over a wide range of polymer and surfactant concentrations, which is attributed to a stabilizing effect of surfactants counterions that try to occupy as much volume as possible in order to gain in translational entropy. At the same time, by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) combined with ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (USANS), a microphase separation with the formation of polymer-rich and surfactant-rich domains was detected. Rheological studies in the linear viscoelastic regime revealed a synergistic 180-fold enhancement of viscosity and 65-fold increase of the longest relaxation time in comparison with the individual components. This effect was attributed to the local increase in concentration of both components trying to avoid contact with each other, which makes the micelles longer and increases the number of intermicellar and interpolymer entanglements. The enhanced rheological properties of this novel system based on industrially important polymer hold great potential for applications in personal care products, oil recovery and many other fields.
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5
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Razmgar K, Nasiraee M. Polyvinyl alcohol
‐based membranes for filtration of aqueous solutions: A comprehensive review. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Razmgar
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education Murdoch University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Mohammad Nasiraee
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Mashhad Iran
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6
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Nanoporous polyethersulfone membranes prepared by mixed solvent phase separation method for protein separation. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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7
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Glislere AP, Turchetti D, Nowacki B, Zanlorenzi C, Akcelrud L. Blending as a Strategy to Attain Chiro-Optically Activity Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100075. [PMID: 33939864 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two copolymers, one containing a chiral center and another without any asymmetric site are studied regarding their chiro-optical properties. The pure polymers do not show any signal of chiro-optical activity, only a smooth line is observed in the circular dichroism spectra, even for the chiral material. However, blends containing the achiral one as a major component show striking chiro-optical activity, originating by stable supramolecular structures whose size and shape remain unchanged, regardless of the blend composition. Only the number of such structures (composed by the chiral one), vary with blend composition. The results suggest that working with supramolecular morphology can be an important strategy to attain chiro-optical active polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Glislere
- Chemistry Department, Paulo Scarpa Polymer Laboratory (LaPPS), Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Denis Turchetti
- Chemistry Department, Paulo Scarpa Polymer Laboratory (LaPPS), Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nowacki
- Chemistry Department, Paulo Scarpa Polymer Laboratory (LaPPS), Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Zanlorenzi
- Chemistry Department, Paulo Scarpa Polymer Laboratory (LaPPS), Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Leni Akcelrud
- Chemistry Department, Paulo Scarpa Polymer Laboratory (LaPPS), Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, 81531-990, Brazil
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Wong CY, Wong WY, Liu L, Shibutani Y, Loh KS. Molecular dynamic simulation approach to understand the physical and proton transport properties of chitosan/sulfonated Poly(Vinyl alcohol) composite membranes. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kuzmanović M, Delva L, Cardon L, Ragaert K. Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003938. [PMID: 33191562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between processing, morphology, and properties of polymeric materials has been the subject of numerous studies of academic and industrial research. Finding an answer to this question might result in guidelines on how to design polymeric materials. Microfibrillar composites (MFCs) are an interesting class of polymer-polymer composites. The advantage of the MFC concept lies in developing in situ microfibrils by which a perfect homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement in the matrix can be achieved. Their potentially excellent mechanical properties are strongly dependent on the aspect ratio of the fibrils, which is developed through a three-stage production process: melt blending, fibrillation, and isotropization. During melt blending, the polymers undergo different morphological changes, such as a breakup and coalescence of the droplets, which play a crucial role in defining the microstructure. During processing, various parameters may affect the morphology of the MFCs, which must be taken into account. Besides the processing parameters, the microstructure of the composite is dependent on the composition ratio of the blend and viscosity of the components, as well as the dispersion and distribution of the microfibrils. The objective here is to outline this importance and bring together an overview of the processing-structure-property relationship for MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kuzmanović
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Laurens Delva
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Kim Ragaert
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
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Dhineshbabu NR, Vettumperumal R, Kokila R. A study of linear optical properties of ternary blends PVA/CMC/aloe vera biofilm for UV shielding. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-020-01629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Fenni SE, Bertella F, Monticelli O, Müller AJ, Hadadoui N, Cavallo D. Renewable and Tough Poly(l-lactic acid)/Polyurethane Blends Prepared by Dynamic Vulcanization. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:26421-26430. [PMID: 33110970 PMCID: PMC7581077 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melt blending of homopolymers is an effective way to achieve an attractive combination of polymer properties. Dynamic vulcanization of fatty-acid-based polyester polyol with glycerol and poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) in the presence of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was performed with the aim of toughening PLLA. The dynamic vulcanization in an internal mixer led to the formation of a PLLA/PU biobased blend. Melt torque, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and gel fraction analysis demonstrated the successful formation of cross-linked polyurethane (PU) inside the PLLA matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the PLLA/PU blends exhibit a sea-island morphology. Gel fraction analysis revealed that a rubbery phase was formed inside the PLLA matrix, which was insoluble in chloroform. FTIR analysis of the insoluble part shows the appearance of an absorption band centered at 1758 cm-1, related to the crystalline carbonyl vibration of the PLLA component, thus suggesting the partial involvement of PLLA chains in the cross-linking reaction. The overall content of the PU phase in the blends significantly affected the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and crystallization behavior of the materials. The overall crystallization rate of PLLA was noticeably decreased by the incorporation of PU. At the same time, polarized light optical microscopy (PLOM) analysis revealed that the presence of the PU rubbery phase inside the PLLA matrix promoted PLLA nucleation. With the formation of the PU network, the impact strength showed a remarkable increase while Young's modulus correspondingly decreased. The blends showed slightly reduced thermal stability compared to the neat PLLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seif Eddine Fenni
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Laboratory
of Physical-Chemistry of High Polymers (LPCHP), Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Francesca Bertella
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Orietta Monticelli
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal,
3, 20018 Donostia-San
Sebastiá, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nacerddine Hadadoui
- Laboratory
of Physical-Chemistry of High Polymers (LPCHP), Faculty of Technology, University of Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, 19000 Sétif, Algeria
| | - Dario Cavallo
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University
of Genova, via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
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12
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Moyses S, Ramakrishnan V, Lietzau C, Bajaj P. The effect of in situ‐formed copolymers on the morphology of reactive poly(phenylene ether)/poly(amide‐6) blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Pakhnyuk V, Onorato JW, Steiner EJ, Cohen TA, Luscombe CK. Enhanced miscibility and strain resistance of blended elastomer/π‐conjugated polymer composites through side chain functionalization towards stretchable electronics. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan W Onorato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Emily J Steiner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Theodore A Cohen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute University of Washington Seattle WA USA
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14
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Ahmadlouydarab M, Chamkouri M, Chamkouri H. Compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends (R-PET/PP) by adding PP-g-MA as compatibilizer: analysis of phase morphology and mechanical properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-03054-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Bio-Based PBT-DLA Copolyester as an Alternative Compatibilizer of PP/PBT Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091421. [PMID: 31470683 PMCID: PMC6780935 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess whether synthesized random copolyester, poly(butylene terephthalate-r-butylene dilinoleate) (PBT–DLA), containing bio-based components, can effectively compatibilize polypropylene/poly(butylene terephthalate) (PP/PBT) blends. For comparison, a commercial petrochemical triblock copolymer, poly(styrene-b-ethylene/butylene-b-styrene) (SEBS) was used. The chemical structure and block distribution of PBT–DLA was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. PP/PBT blends with different mass ratios were prepared via twin-screw extrusion with 5 wt% of each compatibilizer. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to assess changes in phase structure of PP/PBT blends. Static tensile testing demonstrated marked improvement in elongation at break, to ~18% and ~21% for PBT–DLA and SEBS, respectively. Importantly, the morphology of PP/PBT blends compatibilized with PBT–DLA copolymer showed that it is able to act as interphase modifier, being preferentially located at the interface. Therefore, we conclude that by using polycondensation and monomers from renewable resources, it is possible to obtain copolymers that efficiently modify blend miscibility, offering an alternative to widely used, rubber-like petrochemical styrene compatibilizers.
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16
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Ramlee N, Tominaga Y. Structural and physicochemical properties of melt-quenched poly(ethylene carbonate)/poly(lactic acid) blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Han X, Liang X, Cai L, He A, Nie H. Amphiphilic Janus nanosheets by grafting reactive rubber brushes for reinforced rubber materials. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00863b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An amphiphilic Janus nanosheet with different reactive rubber brushes on two opposite sides can simultaneously strengthen and toughen rubber blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education)
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Xincheng Liang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education)
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Lei Cai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education)
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Aihua He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education)
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
| | - Huarong Nie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Olefin Catalysis and Polymerization
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics (Ministry of Education)
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266042
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19
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Nechifor M, Tanasă F, Teacă CA, Zănoagă M. Compatibilization strategies toward new polymer materials from re-/up-cycled plastics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2018.1509493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marioara Nechifor
- Department of Photochemistry and Polyaddition, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Fulga Tanasă
- Department of Photochemistry and Polyaddition, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Carmen-Alice Teacă
- Advanced Research Center for Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mădălina Zănoagă
- Department of Photochemistry and Polyaddition, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iaşi, Romania
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Mah AH, Afzali P, Qi L, Pesek S, Verduzco R, Stein GE. Bottlebrush Copolymer Additives for Immiscible Polymer Blends. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luqing Qi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77006, United States
| | - Stacy Pesek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77006, United States
| | - Rafael Verduzco
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77006, United States
| | - Gila E. Stein
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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21
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Zhang Y, Hu X, Wang SW, Zhang B, Shi L, Liu X, Zi J, Lu W. High transparent mid-infrared silicon "window" decorated with amorphous photonic structures fabricated by facile phase separation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:18734-18748. [PMID: 30114046 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.018734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High transparency in the infrared (IR) region is desirable for most common IR materials and devices, due to their high interfacial reflectance, resulting from the high refractive indices of constituent substances. Herein, a new strategy, with using phase-separated polystyrene (PS)/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blends as masks, is proposed to fabricate subwavelength structures for Si with significantly enhanced mid-IR transmission. Maximum transmittance approaching to 70% and 90% are achieved with single and double- side structured Si respectively. The fabricated subwavelength structures are short-range ordered amorphous photonic structures (APSs). By using different spin-coating speeds and molar ratios of PS to PMMA and by adjusting the etching duration time, tunable enhanced transmission are also obtained. The good performance of high transmission is confirmed by mid-IR thermal imaging experiments. Furthermore, the enhanced transmission is effective over a wide range of incident angles up to 50° and well maintained at high temperatures up to 600 °C.
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Chae B, Hong DG, Jung YM, Won JC, Lee SW. Investigation of phase separated polyimide blend films containing boron nitride using FTIR imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 195:1-6. [PMID: 29353111 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Immiscible aromatic polyimide (PI) blend films and a PI blend film incorporated with thermally conductive boron nitride (BN) were prepared, and their phase separation behaviors were examined by optical microscopy and FTIR imaging. The 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB)-containing and 4,4'-thiodianiline (TDA)-containing aromatic PI blend films and a PI blend/BN composite film show two clearly separated regions; one region is the TFMB-rich phase, and the other region is the TDA-rich phase. The introduction of BN induces morphological changes in the immiscible aromatic PI blend film without altering the composition of either domain. In particular, the BN is selectively incorporated into the TDA-rich phase in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boknam Chae
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Gi Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Chan Won
- Center for Advanced Functional Polymers, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Leal AA, Neururer OA, Bian A, Gooneie A, Rupper P, Masania K, Dransfeld C, Hufenus R. Interfacial interactions in bicomponent polymer fibers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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24
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25
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Gelli R, Del Buffa S, Tempesti P, Bonini M, Ridi F, Baglioni P. Multi-scale investigation of gelatin/poly(vinyl alcohol) interactions in water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhou X, Ma G, Zhao H, Cui J. Self-Forming Interlocking Interfaces on the Immiscible Polymer Bilayers via Gelation-Mediated Phase Separation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28691381 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gelation-mediated phase separation is applied to prepare immiscible polymer bilayer films with an interlocking interface structure. Polymer systems consisting of copolymer of urea and polydimethylsiloxane and epoxy are selected to demonstrate the feasibility. When the epoxy fraction exceeds 25 wt%, well-defined bilayer structures self-form by a one-pot casting method in which the phase separation state is fixed by an evaporation-induced gelation. Microscopy studies of the resulting bilayers clearly reveal that interlocking structures form during the bilayer films construct. The interlocking structures lead to an enhanced interfacial adhesion and higher fracture energy. The current strategy might offer a facile way to in situ create an interlocking interface between immiscible polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhuang Zhou
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Guoqiang Ma
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Huaixia Zhao
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jiaxi Cui
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Dennis JM, Fahs GB, Moon NG, Mondschein RJ, Moore RB, Wilkes GL, Long TE. Synthesis of Polysulfone-Containing Poly(butylene terephthalate) Segmented Block Copolymers: Influence of Segment Length on Thermomechanical Performance. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Dennis
- Department of Chemistry,
Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Gregory B. Fahs
- Department of Chemistry,
Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Nicholas G. Moon
- Department of Chemistry,
Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ryan J. Mondschein
- Department of Chemistry,
Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry,
Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Garth L. Wilkes
- Department of Chemistry,
Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Timothy E. Long
- Department of Chemistry,
Macromolecules Innovation Institute (MII), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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28
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In situ polymerization of styrene into a PMMA matrix by using an extensional flow mixing device: A new experimental approach to elaborate polymer blends. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Saini P, Arora M, Kumar MR. Poly(lactic acid) blends in biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 107:47-59. [PMID: 27374458 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has become a "material of choice" in biomedical applications for its ability to fulfill complex needs that typically include properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical strength, and processability. Despite the advantages of pure PLA in a wider spectrum of applications, it is limited by its hydrophobicity, low impact toughness, and slow degradation rate. Blending PLA with other polymers offers a convenient option to enhance its properties or generate novel properties for target applications without the need to develop new materials. PLA blends with different natural and synthetic polymers have been developed by solvent and melt blending techniques and further processed based on end-use applications. A variety of PLA blends has been explored for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, implants, sutures, and tissue engineering. This review discusses the opportunities for PLA blends in the biomedical arena, including the overview of blending and postblend processing techniques and the applications of PLA blends currently in use and under development.
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Zaharescu T, Kayan LIP, Lungulescu ME, Parra DF, Lugão AB. EPDM recycling assisted by γ-processing. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-016-0460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Ahmad Z, Al-Sagheer F, Shiju J. Aramid-multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites: effect of compatibilization through oligomer wrapping of the nanotubes. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Kuwait University; State of Kuwait
| | - Fakhreia Al-Sagheer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Kuwait University; State of Kuwait
| | - Jessy Shiju
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Kuwait University; State of Kuwait
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32
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McMaster LP. A framework for interpreting the coarsening and structural evolution of two co-continuous immiscible viscous fluids. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Xavier P, Rao P, Bose S. Nanoparticle induced miscibility in LCST polymer blends: critically assessing the enthalpic and entropic effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:47-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05852j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of polymer blends widened the possibility of creating materials with multilayered architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Xavier
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Praveen Rao
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Suryasarathi Bose
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
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34
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Goonoo N, Bhaw-Luximon A, Jhurry D. Biodegradable polymer blends: miscibility, physicochemical properties and biological response of scaffolds. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nowsheen Goonoo
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research; University of Mauritius; Réduit Mauritius
| | - Archana Bhaw-Luximon
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research; University of Mauritius; Réduit Mauritius
| | - Dhanjay Jhurry
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research; University of Mauritius; Réduit Mauritius
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