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Wu Z, Liu X, Ma C, Du M, Ding X, Xiang C. Polymer Additives with Gas Barrier and Anti-Aging Properties Made from Asphaltenes via Supercritical Ethanol. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307619. [PMID: 38088526 PMCID: PMC10916603 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Asphaltene is often regarded as an undesirable by-product of petroleum processing, possesses vast reserves with little market value. The typical routes of consuming asphaltene, namely burning and landfilling, pose significant environmental challenges. In this study, low-value asphaltene is converted into high-value ethylated carbon clusters (ECC) using a supercritical ethanol technique. The resulting ECC powder demonstrates promising properties for high density polyethylene (HDPE) composite applications. The effects of incorporating ECC on the mechanical, gas barrier, and anti-aging properties of the composite are investigated. Results show that a 1 wt.% ECC led to a 4.2% and 43.5% increase in tensile strength and elongation at break, a reduction of 45.8% and 30.7% in oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability. Furthermore, ECC exhibits effective UV spectrum absorption and conversion in the wavelength range of 400-600 nm, providing protection against UV spectrum damage to HDPE. The incorporation of ECC not only enhances the properties of polymer composites but also sequesters carbon within the polymer matrix, enabling the valorization of asphaltene while mitigating environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xiangbo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Mingjin Du
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Xiangdong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Changsheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong University28 West Xianning RoadXi'anShaanxi710049China
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2
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Singh P, Ranganathan R. Mechanical and Viscoelastic Properties of Stacked and Grafted Graphene/Graphene Oxide-Polyethylene Nanocomposites: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Study. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9063-9075. [PMID: 38434848 PMCID: PMC10906040 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
High-performance natural materials with superior mechanical properties often possess a hierarchical structure across multiple length scales. Nacre, also known as the mother of pearl, is an example of such a material and exhibits remarkable strength and toughness. The layered hierarchical architecture across different length scales is responsible for the efficient toughness and energy dissipation. To develop high-performance artificial nacre-like composites, it is necessary to mimic this layered structure and understand the molecular phenomena at the interface. This study uses coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structure-property relationship of stacked graphene-polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites. Uniaxial and oscillatory shear deformation simulations were conducted to explore the composites' mechanical and viscoelastic behavior. The effect of grafting on the glass-transition temperature and the mechanical and viscoelastic behavior was also examined. The two examined microstructures, the stacked and grafted GnP (graphene nanoplatelet)-PE composites, demonstrated significant enhancement in the Young's modulus and yield strength when compared to the pristine PE. The study also delves into the viscoelastic properties of polyethylene nanocomposites containing graphene and graphene oxide. The grafted composite demonstrated an increased elastic energy and improved capacity for stress transfer. Our study sheds light on the energy dissipation properties of layered nanocomposites through underlying molecular mechanisms, providing promising prospects for designing novel biomimetic polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Param
Punj Singh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Raghavan Ranganathan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar 382355, India
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3
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Ali M, Sobolciak P, Krupa I, Abdala A. Impact of the Processing-Induced Orientation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Graphite on the Thermal Conductivity of Polyethylene Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3426. [PMID: 37631483 PMCID: PMC10459433 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergent heat transfer and thermal management applications require polymer composites with enhanced thermal conductivity (κ). Composites filled with non-spherical fillers, such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and Graphite (Gr), suffer from processing-induced filler orientations, resulting in anisotropic κ, commonly low in the through-plane direction. Here, the effects of extrusion and compression molding-induced orientations on κ of hBN- and Gr-filled polyethylene composites were investigated. The effect of extrusion on the hBN orientation was studied using dies of various shapes. The shaped extrudates exhibited hBN orientations parallel to the extrusion flow direction, which prompted additional hBN orientation during compression molding. κ of the composites produced with shaped extrudates varied from 0.95 to 1.67 W m-1 K-1. Pelletizing and crushing the extrudates improved κ, by exploiting and eliminating the effect of extrusion-induced hBN orientations. Gr-filled composites showed better κ than hBN composites due to the higher intrinsic conductivity and bigger particle sizes. A maximum κ of 5.1 and 11.8 W m-1 K-1 was achieved in composites with oriented hBN and Gr through a thin rectangular die and stacking the sheets to fabricate composites with highly oriented fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehamed Ali
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
| | - Patrik Sobolciak
- Center of Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Igor Krupa
- Center of Advanced Materials, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Abdala
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 23874, Qatar
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4
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Han X, Gao J, Chen T, Qian L, Xiong H, Chen Z. Application Progress of PALS in the Correlation of Structure and Properties for Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4161. [PMID: 36500784 PMCID: PMC9738869 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Giving a deep insight into the microstructure, and realizing the correlation between microstructure and properties is very important to the precise construction of high-performance graphene/polymer nanocomposites (GPN). For the promising application in microstructure characterization, much attention has been focused on the effective technique of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Based on the introduction of the basic principle, this review summarized the application progress of PALS in the correlation of microstructure and properties for GPN, especially for the characterization of free volume and interfacial interaction, and the correlation of these microstructures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Gao
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Z.C.)
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5
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Jiang R, Lashkari P, Zhou S, Hrymak AN. Effect of mixing conditions and polymer particle size on the properties of polypropylene/graphite nanoplatelets micromoldings. INT POLYM PROC 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ipp-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, properties of polypropylene/graphite nanoplatelets (PP/GNP) composites and corresponding micromoldings were systematically studied in terms of filler loading concentrations and mixing methods. PP of different forms, i.e., PP pellets and powders, were adopted to fabricate PP/GNP composites. Additionally, a comparative study of precoating GNP and PP powders using solvent-based solution blending and ultrasonication-assisted mixing was performed. Results showed that PP/GNP composites prepared using powder form PP resulted in at least one order of magnitude higher electrical conductivity than using pellet form PP and further reduced the percolation threshold from 12.5 to 10 wt%, which was related to the state of filler distribution within corresponding moldings. Morphology observations revealed that microparts prepared with powder-PP/GNP composites exhibited less preferential alignment of GNP particles along the flow direction when compared with those molded using pellet-PP/GNP counterparts, which was helpful in improving the overall electrical conductivity for PP/GNP micromoldings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renze Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , N6A5B9 , Canada
| | - Piyush Lashkari
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , N6A5B9 , Canada
| | - Shengtai Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan , 610065 , PRC
| | - Andrew N. Hrymak
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering , The University of Western Ontario , London , ON , N6A5B9 , Canada
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6
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Obtaining the Dimensions and Orientation of 2D Rectangular Flakes from Sectioning Experiments in Flake Composites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we developed and reported the statistical validity of two methods for determining the planar aspect ratios of two-dimensional (2D) rectangular flakes in composites from the statistics of intersection lengths: one method is based on the maximum intersection length, and the other on the average intersection length. In this work, we show that these methods are valid and robust not only for flakes having isotropic, random in-plane orientations, but for the more general situations of planar orientations ranging from unidirectional (misalignment angle ϵ=0), to partially aligned (0<ϵ<π/2), to flakes of isotropic, random-in-plane orientations (ϵ=π/2). We prove, by Monte Carlo simulations and by numerical sectioning experiments, the validity of the proposed methods for characterizing the extent of the partial alignment (the misalignment angle ϵ) of 2D rectangular flakes in composites, based again on the statistics of the intersection lengths; this information can be obtained from cross-sections of composite samples used in optical or electron microscopy or using tomographic imaging techniques. The performance of these techniques was tested using blind experiments in numerically sectioned composites which contained up to 106 individual flakes, and was found to be very good for a wide range of flake aspect ratios.
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7
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Shang Z, Ding D, Wang X, Liu B, Chen Y, Gong L, Liu Z, Zhang Q. High thermal conductivity of self‐healing polydimethylsiloxane elastomer composites by the orientation of boron nitride nano sheets. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Shang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Dongliang Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Bingru Liu
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Lei Gong
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Ningbo China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University Ningbo China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
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8
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Olesik P, Godzierz M, Kozioł M, Jała J, Szeluga U, Myalski J. Structure and Mechanical Properties of High-Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Glassy Carbon. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14144024. [PMID: 34300942 PMCID: PMC8306466 DOI: 10.3390/ma14144024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated theimpact of glassy carbon (GC) reinforcement oncrystal structure and the mechanical performance of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). We made composite samples by mixing HDPE granules with powder in ethanol followed bymelt mixing in a laboratory extruder. Along with the investigated composite, we also prepared samples with carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene (GNP) and graphite (Gr) to compare GC impact with already used carbon fillers. To evaluate crystal structure and crystallinity, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). We supported the XRD results with a residual stress analysis (RSA) according to the EN15305 standard. Analysis showed that reinforcing with GC leads to significant crystallite size reduction and low residual stress values. We evaluated the mechanical properties of composites with hardness and tensile testing. The addition of glassy carbon results inincreased mechanical strength incomposites with CNT and GNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Olesik
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (M.G.); (J.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Marcin Godzierz
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (M.G.); (J.J.); (J.M.)
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34 Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Kozioł
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (M.G.); (J.J.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-603-4369
| | - Jakub Jała
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (M.G.); (J.J.); (J.M.)
| | - Urszula Szeluga
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34 Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Myalski
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8 Street, 40-019 Katowice, Poland; (P.O.); (M.G.); (J.J.); (J.M.)
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9
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Rybak A, Malinowski L, Adamus-Wlodarczyk A, Ulanski P. Thermally Conductive Shape Memory Polymer Composites Filled with Boron Nitride for Heat Management in Electrical Insulation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13132191. [PMID: 34209395 PMCID: PMC8272128 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of a possible application of functional shrinkable materials in thermally conductive electrical insulation elements was investigated. The effectiveness of an electron beam and gamma radiation on the crosslinking of a selected high density polyethylene grade was analyzed, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The crosslinked polymer composites filled with ceramic particles were successfully fabricated and tested. On the basis of the performed investigation, it was concluded that the selected filler, namely a boron nitride powder, is suitable for the preparation of the crosslinked polymer composites with enhanced thermal conductivity. The shape memory effect was fully observed in the crosslinked samples with a recovery factor reaching nearly 99%. There was no significant influence of the crosslinking, stretching, and recovery of the polymer composite during shape memory phenomenon on the value of thermal conductivity. The proposed boron nitride filled polyethylene composite subjected to crosslinking is a promising candidate for fabrication of thermally shrinkable material with enhanced heat dissipation functionality for application as electrically insulating components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Rybak
- ABB Corporate Technology Center, Starowislna 13A, 31-038 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-223-8488
| | - Lukasz Malinowski
- ABB Corporate Technology Center, Starowislna 13A, 31-038 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Adamus-Wlodarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; (A.A.-W.); (P.U.)
| | - Piotr Ulanski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland; (A.A.-W.); (P.U.)
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10
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Structure-Gas Barrier Property Relationship in a Novel Polyimide Containing Naphthalene and Amide Groups: Evaluation by Experiments and Simulations. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061402. [PMID: 33805799 PMCID: PMC7999945 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to meet the increasingly stringent requirements for heat resistance and barrier properties in the packaging and electronic device encapsulation field. A high-barrier polyimide (NAPPI) contains naphthalene ring and amide group was prepared by polymerization of a novel diamine (NAPDA) and pyromellitic dianhydride. The structure and properties of diamine monomers and polymers were characterized. Results show that the NAPPI exhibits superior barrier properties with extremely low water vapor and oxygen transmission rate values of 0.14 g·m−2·day−1 and 0.04 cm3·m−2·day−1, respectively. In addition, the NAPPI presents outstanding mechanical properties and thermal stability as well. This article attempts to explore the relationship between NAPPI structure and barrier properties by combining experiment and simulation. Studies on positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, Wide angle X-ray diffractograms and molecular dynamics simulations prove that the NAPPI has smaller interplanar spacing and higher chain regularity. In addition, the strong chain rigidity and interchain cohesion of NAPPI due to the presence of the rigid naphthalene ring and a large number of hydrogen bond interactions formed by amide groups result in compact chain packing and smaller free volume, which reduces the solubility and diffusibility of small molecules in the matrix. In general, the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, which are important for understanding the barrier mechanism of NAPPI.
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11
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Pandit S, Gaska K, Kádár R, Mijakovic I. Graphene-Based Antimicrobial Biomedical Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:250-263. [PMID: 33244859 PMCID: PMC7898826 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical application of graphene derivatives have been intensively studied in last decade. With the exceptional structural, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, these materials have attracted immense attention of biomedical scientists to utilize graphene derivatives in biomedical devices to improve their performance or to achieve desired functions. Surfaces of graphene derivatives including graphite, graphene, graphene oxide and reduce graphene oxide have been demonstrated to pave an excellent platform for antimicrobial behavior, enhanced biocompatibility, tissue engineering, biosensors and drug delivery. This review focuses on the recent advancement in the research of biomedical devices with the coatings or highly structured polymer nanocomposite surfaces of graphene derivatives for antimicrobial activity and sterile surfaces comprising an entirely new class of antibacterial materials. Overall, we aim to highlight on the potential of these materials, current understanding and knowledge gap in the antimicrobial behavior and biocompatibility to be utilized of their coatings to prevent the cross infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Pandit
- Department of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyKemivägen 10412 96GöteborgSweden
| | - Karolina Gaska
- Department of Industrial and Materials scienceChalmers University of Technology412 96GöteborgSweden
- Department of Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of BristolBS8 1TRBristolUK
| | - Roland Kádár
- Department of Industrial and Materials scienceChalmers University of Technology412 96GöteborgSweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Department of Biology and Biological EngineeringChalmers University of TechnologyKemivägen 10412 96GöteborgSweden
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for BiosustainabilityTechnical University of Denmark2800Kgs. LyngbyDenmark
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12
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Ikram R, Mohamed Jan B, Vejpravova J, Choudhary MI, Zaman Chowdhury Z. Recent Advances of Graphene-Derived Nanocomposites in Water-Based Drilling Fluids. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10102004. [PMID: 33050617 PMCID: PMC7600014 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials have distinctive potential for various types of captivating usage in drilling fluids as a well-designed solution for the petroleum industry. Owing to the improvement of drilling fluids, it is of great importance to fabricate unique nanocomposites and advance their functionalities for amplification in base fluids. There is a rising interest in assembling nanocomposites for the progress of rheological and filtration properties. A series of drilling fluid formulations have been reported for graphene-derived nanocomposites as additives. Over the years, the emergence of these graphene-derived nanocomposites has been employed as a paradigm to formulate water-based drilling fluids (WBDF). Herein, we provide an overview of nanocomposites evolution as engineered materials for enhanced rheological attributes in drilling operations. We also demonstrate the state-of-the-art potential graphene-derived nanocomposites for enriched rheology and other significant properties in WBDF. This review could conceivably deliver the inspiration and pathways to produce novel fabrication of nanocomposites and the production of other graphenaceous materials grafted nanocomposites for the variety of drilling fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ikram
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Badrul Mohamed Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Jana Vejpravova
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- HEJ, Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
- Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zaira Zaman Chowdhury
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation) Office, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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13
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Zhuang Y, Zheng K, Cao X, Fan Q, Ye G, Lu J, Zhang J, Ma Y. Flexible Graphene Nanocomposites with Simultaneous Highly Anisotropic Thermal and Electrical Conductivities Prepared by Engineered Graphene with Flat Morphology. ACS NANO 2020; 14:11733-11742. [PMID: 32865991 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Achieving nanocomposites with simultaneous highly anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities using carbon materials remains challenging as carbon material tends to form random networks in nanocomposites. Here, highly anisotropic and flexible graphene@naphthalenesulfonate (NS)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (GN/PVA) nanocomposites were fabricated using a layer-by-layer scraping method with flat graphene as the starting functional filler. NS acted as a bond bridge for linking the graphene (π-π interaction) and PVA (hydrogen bond). The results showed well-dispersed graphene in the nanocomposites while maintaining flat morphology with uniform in-plane orientation. The as-fabricated nanocomposites exhibited highly anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities. The in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivities of the nanocomposite prepared with 10.0 wt % graphene reached 13.8 and 0.6 W m-1 K-1, and in-plane and out-of-plane electrical conductivities were 10-1 and 10-10 S cm-1, respectively. This indicated highly anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities. Furthermore, the nanocomposites showed elevated flexibility and tensile strength from 42.0 MPa for pure PVA to 110.0 MPa for GN-5.0 wt %/PVA. In sum, the proposed strategy is effective for the preparation of nanocomposites with high flexibility, as well as superior anisotropic thermal and electrical conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Zhuang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Qingrui Fan
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Gang Ye
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Lu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Ma
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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14
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López-González M, Flores A, Marra F, Ellis G, Gómez-Fatou M, J. Salavagione H. Graphene and Polyethylene: A Strong Combination Towards Multifunctional Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092094. [PMID: 32942610 PMCID: PMC7569879 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The key to the preparation of polymer nanocomposites with new or improved properties resides in the homogeneous dispersion of the filler and in the efficient load transfer between components through strong filler/polymer interfacial interactions. This paper reports on the preparation of a series of nanocomposites of graphene and a polyolefin using different experimental approaches, with the final goal of obtaining multifunctional materials. A high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is employed as the matrix, while unmodified and chemically modified graphene fillers are used. By selecting the correct combination as well as the adequate preparation process, the nanocomposites display optimized thermal and mechanical properties, while also conferring good gas barrier properties and significant levels of electrical conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar López-González
- Departamento de Química Física de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Araceli Flores
- Departamento de Física, Elastómeros y Aplicaciones Energéticas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (G.E.); (M.G.-F.)
| | - Fabrizio Marra
- Department of Astronautical, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy;
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering of Sapienza (CNIS), SNNLab, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gary Ellis
- Departamento de Física, Elastómeros y Aplicaciones Energéticas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (G.E.); (M.G.-F.)
| | - Marián Gómez-Fatou
- Departamento de Física, Elastómeros y Aplicaciones Energéticas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (G.E.); (M.G.-F.)
| | - Horacio J. Salavagione
- Departamento de Física, Elastómeros y Aplicaciones Energéticas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.F.); (G.E.); (M.G.-F.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Tarannum F, Muthaiah R, Annam RS, Gu T, Garg J. Effect of Alignment on Enhancement of Thermal Conductivity of Polyethylene-Graphene Nanocomposites and Comparison with Effective Medium Theory. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071291. [PMID: 32630082 PMCID: PMC7407094 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thermal conductivity (k) of polymers is usually limited to low values of ~0.5 Wm−1K−1 in comparison to metals (>20 Wm−1K−1). (100)T3//(926)T4 The goal of this work is to enhance thermal conductivity (k) of polyethylene–graphene nanocomposites through simultaneous alignment of polyethylene (PE) lamellae and graphene nanoplatelets (GnP). Alignment is achieved through the application of strain. Measured values are compared with predictions from effective medium theory. A twin conical screw micro compounder is used to prepare polyethylene–graphene nanoplatelet (PE-GnP) composites. Enhancement in k value is studied for two different compositions with GnP content of 9 wt% and 13 wt% and for applied strains ranging from 0% to 300%. Aligned PE-GnP composites with 13 wt% GnP displays ~1000% enhancement in k at an applied strain of 300%, relative to k of pristine unstrained polymer. Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) is used to quantitatively characterize the alignment of GnP flakes in strained composites; this measured orientation is used as an input for effective medium predictions. These results have important implications for thermal management applications.
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16
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Gaska K, Manika GC, Gkourmpis T, Tranchida D, Gitsas A, Kádár R. Mechanical Behavior of Melt-Mixed 3D Hierarchical Graphene/Polypropylene Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1309. [PMID: 32521812 PMCID: PMC7361869 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of novel low percolation melt-mixed 3D hierarchical graphene/polypropylene nanocomposites are analyzed in this study. The analysis spans a broad range of techniques and time scales, from impact to tensile, dynamic mechanical behavior, and creep. The applicability of the time-temperature superposition principle and its limitations in the construction of the master curve for the isotactic polypropylene (iPP)-based graphene nanocomposites has been verified and presented. The Williams-Landel-Ferry method has been used to evaluate the dynamics and also Cole-Cole curves were presented to verify the thermorheological character of the nanocomposites. Short term (quasi-static) tensile tests, creep, and impact strength measurements were used to evaluate the load transfer efficiency. A significant increase of Young's modulus with increasing filler content indicates reasonably good dispersion and adhesion between the iPP and the filler. The Young's modulus results were compared with predicted modulus values using Halpin-Tsai model. An increase in brittleness resulting in lower impact strength values has also been recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gaska
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Division of Engineering Materials, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.C.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Georgia C. Manika
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Division of Engineering Materials, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.C.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Thomas Gkourmpis
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis AB, SE-444 86 Stenungsund, Sweden;
| | - Davide Tranchida
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, St.-Peter-Straße 25, 4021 Linz, Austria; (D.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonis Gitsas
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis Polyolefine GmbH, St.-Peter-Straße 25, 4021 Linz, Austria; (D.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Roland Kádár
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Division of Engineering Materials, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden; (G.C.M.); (R.K.)
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17
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Pandit S, Gaska K, Mokkapati VRSS, Celauro E, Derouiche A, Forsberg S, Svensson M, Kádár R, Mijakovic I. Precontrolled Alignment of Graphite Nanoplatelets in Polymeric Composites Prevents Bacterial Attachment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1904756. [PMID: 31916683 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene coatings composed of vertical spikes are shown to mitigate bacterial attachment. Such coatings present hydrophobic edges of graphene, which penetrate the lipid bilayers causing physical disruption of bacterial cells. However, manufacturing of such surfaces on a scale required for antibacterial applications is currently not feasible. This study explores whether graphite can be used as a cheaper alternative to graphene coatings. To examine this, composites of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) are extruded in controlled conditions to obtain controlled orientation of GNP flakes within the polymer matrix. Flakes are exposed by etching the surface of GNP-LDPE nanocomposites and antibacterial activity is evaluated. GNP nanoflakes on the extruded samples interact with bacterial cell membranes, physically damaging the cells. Bactericidal activity is observed dependent on orientation and nanoflakes density. Composites with high density of GNP (≥15%) present two key advantages: i) they decrease bacterial viability by a factor of 99.9999%, which is 10 000-fold improvement on the current benchmark, and ii) prevent bacterial colonization, thus drastically reducing the numbers of dead cells on the surface. The latter is a key advantage for longer-term biomedical applications, since these surfaces will not have to be cleaned or replaced for longer periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Pandit
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karolina Gaska
- Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Venkata R S S Mokkapati
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Emanuele Celauro
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Abderahmane Derouiche
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Svensson
- Wellspect HealthCare, Aminogatan 1, SE 431 21, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Roland Kádár
- Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
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18
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Blinzler BJ, Larsson R, Gaska K, Kádár R. A Mechanics Based Surface Image Interpretation Method for Multifunctional Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1578. [PMID: 31703339 PMCID: PMC6915548 DOI: 10.3390/nano9111578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Graphene nanosheets and thicker graphite nanoplatelets are being used as reinforcement in polymeric materials to improve the material properties or induce new functional properties. By improving dispersion, de-agglomerating the particles, and ensuring the desired orientation of the nano-structures in the matrix, the microstructure can be tailored to obtain specific material properties. A novel surface image assisted modeling framework is proposed to understand functional properties of the graphene enhanced polymer. The effective thermal and mechanical responses are assessed based on computational homogenization. For the mechanical response, the 2-D nanoplatelets are modeled as internal interfaces that store energy for membrane actions. The effective thermal response is obtained similarly, where 2-D nanoplatelets are represented using regions of high conductivity. Using the homogenization simulation, macroscopic stiffness properties and thermal conductivity properties are modeled and then compared to the experimental data. The proposed surface image assisted modeling yields reasonable effective mechanical and thermal properties, where the Kapitza effect plays an important part in effective thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brina J. Blinzler
- Division of Material and Computational Mechanics, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Ragnar Larsson
- Division of Material and Computational Mechanics, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden;
| | - Karolina Gaska
- Division of Engineering Materials, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden or (K.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Roland Kádár
- Division of Engineering Materials, Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden or (K.G.); (R.K.)
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19
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Hammani S, Barhoum A, Nagarajan S, Bechelany M. Toner Waste Powder (TWP) as a Filler for Polymer Blends (LDPE/HIPS) for Enhanced Electrical Conductivity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3062. [PMID: 31547086 PMCID: PMC6804035 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid urbanization proportionally increases the waste products which force humankind to find a suitable waste management system. This study aims at identifying the possibility of using toner waste powder (TWP) as a filler for fabricating polymer composites for enhanced electrical conductivity of polymer blends. TWP was successfully incorporated into a polymer blend of low-density polyethylene/high impact polystyrene (LDPE/HIPS) at a high loading percentage of up to 20 wt %. Elemental analysis (SEM-EDS and XRF) showed that the main constituents of TWP are carbon and iron with traces of other metals such as Ca, Cs, Ti, Mn, Si. The electrical conductivity of LDPE/HIPS is significantly enhanced by loading the TWP into the polymer blend. The addition of TWP to LDPE/HIPS blend decreases the electrical resistivity of the LDPE/HIPS/TWP composite to ~2.9 × 107 Ohm.cm at 10 wt % of TWP, which is several orders of magnitude lower than that of the neat blend with maintaining the thermal stability of the polymer composite. The prepared polymer composite is lightweight and shows electrical conductivity, thus it can have potential applications in electronic materials and automotive industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Hammani
- Laboratoire d'Analyse Fonctionnelle des Procédés Chimiques, Faculté des Sciences de l'ingénieur, Université BLIDA1, BLIDA B.P 270, ALGERIE.
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM - UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
| | - Sakthivel Nagarajan
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM - UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France.
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM - UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier 34090, France.
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20
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Universal Method for Producing Reduced Graphene Oxide/Gold Nanoparticles Composites with Controlled Density of Grafting and Long-Term Stability. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040602. [PMID: 30979049 PMCID: PMC6523825 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a universal approach allowing the non-covalent deposition of gold nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide surface in a controlled fashion. We used a modified Hummers method to obtain graphene oxide, which then underwent surficial functionalization with carboxyl moieties coupled with simultaneous reduction. Nanoparticles were synthesized ex-situ and capped with a thiolated poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) ligand. The interactions between the surface of modified graphene oxide and nanoparticle ligands enabled the formation of stable hybrid graphene-nanoparticles materials in the aqueous phase. Using this technique, we were able to cover the surface of graphene with gold nanoparticles of different shapes (spheres, rods, triangles, stars, and bipyramids), broad range of sizes (from 5 nm to 100 nm) and controlled grafting densities. Moreover, materials obtained with this strategy exhibited long-term stability, which coupled with the versatility and facility of preparation, makes our technique appealing in the light of increasing demand for new graphene-based hybrid nanostructures.
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21
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Montmorillonite–triclosan hybrid as effective antibacterial additive with enhanced thermal stability for protection of plastic electrical components. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Ren X, Mei Y, Lian P, Xie D, Deng W, Wen Y, Luo Y. Fabrication and Application of Black Phosphorene/Graphene Composite Material as a Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E193. [PMID: 30960177 PMCID: PMC6418513 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and novel route is developed for fabricating BP-based composite materials to improve the thermo-stability, flame retardant performances, and mechanical performances of polymers. Black phosphorene (BP) has outstanding flame retardant properties, however, it causes the mechanical degradation of waterborne polyurethane (WPU). In order to solve this problem, the graphene is introduced to fabricate the black phosphorene/graphene (BP/G) composite material by high-pressure nano-homogenizer machine (HNHM). The structure, thermo-stability, flame retardant properties, and mechanical performance of composites are analyzed by a series of tests. The structure characterization results show that the BP/G composite material can distribute uniformly into the WPU. The addition of BP/G significantly improves the residues of WPU in both of TG analysis (5.64%) and cone calorimeter (CC) test (12.50%), which indicate that the BP/G can effectively restrict the degradation of WPU under high temperature. The CC test indicates that BP/G/WPU has a lower peak release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR), which decrease by 48.18% and 38.63%, respectively, than that of the pure WPU, respectively. The mechanical analysis presents that the Young's modulus of the BP/G/WPU has an increase of seven times more than that of the BP/WPU, which indicates that the introduce of graphene can effectively improve the mechanical properties of BP/WPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yi Mei
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Peichao Lian
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Delong Xie
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Weibin Deng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yaling Wen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yong Luo
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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23
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Pandit S, Gaska K, Mokkapati VRSS, Forsberg S, Svensson M, Kádár R, Mijakovic I. Antibacterial effect of boron nitride flakes with controlled orientation in polymer composites. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33454-33459. [PMID: 35529107 PMCID: PMC9073355 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06773f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Boron nitride (BN) is a stable 2D material with physiochemical properties similar to graphene-based nanomaterials. We have recently demonstrated that vertically aligned coatings of graphene-based nanomaterials provide strong antibacterial effects on various surfaces. Here we investigated whether BN, a nanomaterial with extensive similarities to graphene, might exhibit similar antibacterial properties. To test this, we developed a novel composite material using BN and low density polyethylene (LDPE) polymer. The composite was extruded under controlled melt flow conditions leading to highly structured morphology, with BN oriented in the extrusion flow direction. Nanocomposite extruded surfaces perpendicular to the flow direction were etched, thus exposing BN nanoparticles embedded in the matrix. The antimicrobial activity of extruded samples was evaluated against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus by the colony forming units (CFUs) counting method. Furthermore, the bactericidal effect of oriented BN against E. coli and S. aureus was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and live/dead viability assay. Our results suggest that BN nanoflakes on the extruded BN/LDPE composite physically interact with the bacterial cellular envelope, leading to irreparable physical damage. Therefore, we propose that BN–polymer composites might be useful to develop polymer based biomedical devices protected against bacterial adhesion, and thus minimize device associated infections. Vertically oriented boron nitride flakes on a polymer surface exhibit bactericidal activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Pandit
- Division of Systems Biology
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Goteborg
- Sweden
| | - Karolina Gaska
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Industrial and Materials Science
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - V. R. S. S. Mokkapati
- Division of Systems Biology
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Goteborg
- Sweden
| | | | | | - Roland Kádár
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Industrial and Materials Science
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems Biology
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Goteborg
- Sweden
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Li Z, Su J, Du B, Hou Z, Han C. Inhibition Effect of Graphene on Space Charge Injection and Accumulation in Low-Density Polyethylene. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E956. [PMID: 30463300 PMCID: PMC6266746 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Space charge injection and accumulation is attracting much attention in the field of dielectric insulation especially for electronic devices, power equipment and so on. This paper proposes using the inhibition effect of graphene for the injection and accumulation of space charge in low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were employed to observe the dispersion of graphene with a two-dimensional structure in LDPE. The time-dependent space charge dynamic behaviors of graphene/LDPE nanocomposites with the filler content of 0, 0.003, 0.005, 0.007 and 0.01 wt % were characterized by the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) test at 40, 60 and 80 °C, and the charge mobility was evaluated by its depolarization processes. The experimental results show that for the undoped LDPE film, large amounts of space charges were injected from the electrodes into samples, especially at 60 and 80 °C. The graphene/LDPE nanocomposites with a filler content of 0.005 wt % could markedly suppress the space charge injection and accumulation even at 80 °C, which is attributed to the large quantities of graphene-polymer in interface regions. These interface regions introduced numbers of deep trap sites within the forbidden band of nanocomposites, which can reduce the de-trapping rate of charges and suppress the space charge accumulation in the polymer bulks. The graphene/LDPE nanocomposites are suggested for dielectric applications, intending the inhibition of space charge injection and accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Education Ministry, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Jingang Su
- Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Education Ministry, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Boxue Du
- Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Education Ministry, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhaohao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Education Ministry, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Chenlei Han
- Key Laboratory of Smart Grid of Education Ministry, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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25
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Wu S, Peng S, Wang CH. Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites Reinforced by Aligned Carbon Nanomaterials. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E542. [PMID: 30966576 PMCID: PMC6415419 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene have demonstrated significant potential as fillers to improve the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of polymers and their fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The level of improvement has been found to depend significantly on the degree of alignment of carbon nanomaterials. Due to the very small scale and complex interactions of carbon nanomaterials with polymers and structural fibers, alignment in a given direction has been a major challenge. Over the past decade, considerable effort has been devoted to developing effective strategies to align carbon nanomaterials in polymer matrices. However, significant technological challenges remain, and there is still a lack of understanding of the alignment mechanisms and their effects on the properties of polymers and composites. This paper reviews in situ alignment techniques including shear deformation, mechanical stretching, electrospinning, and application of an external magnetic or electric field, and ex situ techniques including using vertically grown CNTs or graphene. This review particularly focuses on physical mechanisms underpinning the magnetic or electric field-induced alignment and theoretical analyses that describe the different motions occurring and the major parameters controlling alignment. Moreover, this review highlights the recent research findings of the effects of alignment on the properties of polymer nanocomposites. The outlook towards the challenges and opportunities in this field are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Wu
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Chun H Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
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26
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Wu CM, Hsieh WY, Cheng KB, Lai CC, Lee KC. Barrier Properties of Layered-Silicate Reinforced Ethylenepropylenediene Monomer/Chloroprene Rubber Nanorubbers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E314. [PMID: 29747427 PMCID: PMC5977328 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The triacetin and nitroglycerin barrier properties of layered-silicate reinforced ethylenepropylenediene monomer/chloroprene rubber (EPDM/CR) nanorubbers were investigated as rocket-propellant inhibitors. EPDM/CR nanorubbers with intercalated structures were formulated and prepared by the melt-compounding method. The triacetin permeability and nitroglycerin absorption were observed to decrease with increasing layered-silicate content. The layered silicates also improved the flame retardancies of the nanorubbers by forming silicate reinforced carbonaceous chars. Layered-silicate reinforced EPDM/CR nanorubbers are potentially effective rocket propellant-inhibiting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Mou Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Wen Yen Hsieh
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng-Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo Bin Cheng
- Department of Fiber and Composite Materials, Feng-Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan.
| | - Chiu-Chun Lai
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Kuei Chi Lee
- Taiwan Textile Research Institute, Tucheng Dist., New Taipei 23674, Taiwan.
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27
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Ren X, Mei Y, Lian P, Xie D, Yang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z. A Novel Application of Phosphorene as a Flame Retardant. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E227. [PMID: 30966262 PMCID: PMC6415065 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Black phosphorene-waterborne polyurethane (BPWPU) composite polymer with 0.2 wt % of black phosphorene was synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of phosphorene in polyurethane matrix, which indicated that the phosphorene distributes uniformly in the PU matrix. The flammability measurements were carried out to investigate the flame-resistant performances of phosphorene, which indicated that phosphorene could effectively restrict the degradation of the PU membrane. Compared by the pure WPU, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of BPWPU increased by 2.6%, the heat flow determined by thermal analysis significantly decreased by 34.7% moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) decreased by 10.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Ren
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yi Mei
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Peichao Lian
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Delong Xie
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yunyan Yang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Yongzhao Wang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Zirui Wang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
- The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
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28
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Zhang K, Yu Q, Zhu L, Liu S, Chi Z, Chen X, Zhang Y, Xu J. The Preparations and Water Vapor Barrier Properties of Polyimide Films Containing Amide Moieties. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E677. [PMID: 30965976 PMCID: PMC6418874 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible displays are a systematic revolution in the field of display, in which high-performance and high-barrier polymer substrates are considered to be one of the most important key materials. In this work, high water vapor barrier polyimides containing amide moieties were synthesized via the ternary polymerization of 4,4'-diaminobenzailide (DABA), 4,4'-diaminodipheny ether (ODA), and 3,3',4,4'-biphenyl-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BPDA) followed by thermal imidization. The relationship between the content of amide moieties and the water vapor barrier property of the prepared polyimides was studied by means of density test, water absorbing test, water contact angle test, water vapor permeation test, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermogravimetry coupled with fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis (WXRD), mechanical performance test, etc. The results show that the introduction of amide groups into polyimide (PI) main chains can improve the water vapor barrier properties of the polyimides effectively. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the polyimide films can be improved from 8.2365 g·(m²·24 h)-1 to 0.8670 g·(m²·24 h)-1 with the increasing content of amide moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Qiaoxi Yu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Longji Zhu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Siwei Liu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zhenguo Chi
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Xudong Chen
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jiarui Xu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Centre for High-performance Organic and Polymer Photoelectric Functional Films, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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