1
|
Barkane A, Jurinovs M, Briede S, Platnieks O, Onufrijevs P, Zelca Z, Gaidukovs S. Biobased Resin for Sustainable Stereolithography: 3D Printed Vegetable Oil Acrylate Reinforced with Ultra-Low Content of Nanocellulose for Fossil Resin Substitution. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:1272-1286. [PMID: 38116215 PMCID: PMC10726172 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of biobased materials in additive manufacturing is a promising long-term strategy for advancing the polymer industry toward a circular economy and reducing the environmental impact. In commercial 3D printing formulations, there is still a scarcity of efficient biobased polymer resins. This research proposes vegetable oils as biobased components to formulate the stereolithography (SLA) resin. Application of nanocellulose filler, prepared from agricultural waste, remarkably improves the printed material's performance properties. The strong bonding of nanofibrillated celluloses' (NFCs') matrix helps develop a strong interface and produce a polymer nanocomposite with enhanced thermal properties and dynamical mechanical characteristics. The ultra-low NFC content of 0.1-1.0 wt% (0.07-0.71 vol%) was examined in printed samples, with the lowest concentration yielding some of the most promising results. The developed SLA resins showed good printability, and the printing accuracy was not decreased by adding NFC. At the same time, an increase in the resin viscosity with higher filler loading was observed. Resins maintained high transparency in the 500-700 nm spectral region. The glass transition temperature for the 0.71 vol% composition increased by 28°C when compared to the nonreinforced composition. The nanocomposite's stiffness has increased fivefold for the 0.71 vol% composition. The thermal stability of printed compositions was retained after cellulose incorporation, and thermal conductivity was increased by 11%. Strong interfacial interactions were observed between the cellulose and the polymer in the form of hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl and ester groups, which were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. This research demonstrates a great potential to use acrylated vegetable oils and nanocellulose fillers as a feedstock to produce high-performance resins for sustainable SLA 3D printing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anda Barkane
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Maksims Jurinovs
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sabine Briede
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oskars Platnieks
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Pavels Onufrijevs
- Institute of Technical Physics, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Zane Zelca
- Institute of Design Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gapsari F, Darmadi DB, Juliano H, Hidayatullah S, Suteja, Mavinkere Rangappa S, Siengchin S. Modification of palm fiber with chitosan-AESO blend coating. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125099. [PMID: 37263328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural fibers are available as an essential substitute for synthetic fiber in many applications. However, the sensitivity of Chinese Windmill Palm or Trachycarpus Fortune Fiber (TFF) to water causes low interfacial bonding between the matrix and the fiber and at the end reduces the mechanical properties of the composite product. Alkaline treatment improves mechanical properties and does not affect water absorption. Hence, additional treatment in the coating is required. This study uses alkaline treatment and coating modification using blended chitosan and Acrylated Epoxidized Soybean Oil (AESO). Blend coating between AESO and chitosan is performed to increase water absorption and mechanical properties. TFF water resistance improved significantly after the coating, with water absorption of the alkaline/blend coating-TFF of 3.98 % ± 0.52 and swell ability of 3.156 % ± 0.17. This indicated that blend coating had formed a cross-link of fiber and matrix after alkalization. Thus, the single fiber tensile strength increased due to the alkaline treatment, and water absorption decreased due to the coating. The combination of alkaline treatment and blend coating on TFF brings excellent properties, as shown by the increase in tensile strength in both single fiber test and composite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femiana Gapsari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT, Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia.
| | - Djarot B Darmadi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT, Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Hans Juliano
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT, Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Syarif Hidayatullah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mataram University, Majapahit 62, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
| | - Suteja
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mataram University, Majapahit 62, Mataram 83115, Indonesia
| | - Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok 10800, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dehkordi SSS, Jafari AA, Albadi J, Samimi HA. Mesoporous epoxidized soybean oil-supported copper-based magnetic nanocatalyst and amberlite-supported azide as a green and efficient catalytic system for 1,2,3-triazole synthesis. Mol Divers 2023; 27:177-192. [PMID: 35344135 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A new green mesoporous magnetically heterogeneous catalyst was prepared by the copper immobilization onto magnetic epoxidized soybean oil as a nano bio-support and was utilized for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives in the presence of amberlite supported azide. A great range of triazole derivatives were synthesized from benzyl halides or epoxides halides in high yields at the room temperature. The catalyst was characterized by various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, VSM, FE-SEM, EDX, TEM, BET, TGA, and ICP analysis. This catalytic system can be reused for five times without any significant decrease in the catalytic activity. Fe3O4@SiO-ESBO/CuO nanocatalyst and amberlite supported azide as a green catalytic system has been used for the regioselective synthesis of triazole derivatives in water. A large range of triazole derivatives were synthesized from benzyl halides or epoxides in high yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Ali Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Jalal Albadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Heshmat Allah Samimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang S, Shen J, He T, Chen C, Wang J, Tang Y. Flotation de-inking for recycling paper: contrasting the effects of three mineral oil-free offset printing inks on its efficiency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89283-89294. [PMID: 35843968 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Paper for recycling has become a promising raw material for the pulp and paper industry due to its low cost and because it is conducive to sustainable development. Unfortunately, recycled paper contains a high volume of printed paper that is difficult to deink, which restricts its applications. Flotation deinking plays an essential role in the product quality and process cost of wastepaper recycling. This study was performed to evaluate the deinkability of environmentally friendly offset inks by flotation deinking. For this purpose, three mineral oil free series of four-color inks, namely, hybrid light emitting diode ultraviolet (LED-UV), LED-UV, and vegetable oil-based inks, were printed on white lightweight coated papers under laboratory conditions. The deinking methodology involves repulping, deinking agent treatment, flotation, hand sheet making, and evaluation of the produced hand sheets. The obtained results indicated that the hybrid LED-UV prints had the best deinkability. After flotation deinking, the deinking efficiency and the whiteness of the hybrid LED-UV ink increased by 58.1% and 47.6%, respectively. LED-UV ink had a 46.9% increase in the deinking efficiency and a 37.0% increase in the whiteness of the hand sheet. The deinking efficiency of the vegetable oil-based ink was the lowest, at 42.1%, and the whiteness of the hand sheet increased only by 23.8%. The particle size distribution analysis demonstrated that the hybrid LED-UV four-color ink exhibited a larger value of the average particle size than the two other. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the hybrid LED-UV ink particles on the surface of the fibers were the least abundant after deinking. The physical strength properties of the hand sheets, including tensile index, folding resistance, and interlayer bonding strength of the hybrid LED-UV, LED-UV inks, and vegetable oil-based inks, increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Yang
- Hangzhou Toka Ink Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianbin Shen
- Hangzhou Toka Ink Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tiefei He
- Hangzhou Toka Ink Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Hangzhou Toka Ink Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Ningbo Asia Pulp and Paper Company, Ltd., Ningbo, 315803, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanjun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, ZhejiangSci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Duan Y, Zhao H, Liu K, Liu Y, Wu M, Lu P. Preparation of Bio-Based Foams with a Uniform Pore Structure by Nanocellulose/Nisin/Waterborne-Polyurethane-Stabilized Pickering Emulsion. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235159. [PMID: 36501553 PMCID: PMC9738286 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-based porous materials can reduce energy consumption and environmental impact, and they have a possible application as packaging materials. In this study, a bio-based porous foam was prepared by using a Pickering emulsion as a template. Nisin and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) were used for physical modification of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose nanocrystals (TOCNC). The obtained composite particles were applied as stabilizers for acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) Pickering emulsion. The stability of the emulsion was characterized by determination of the rheological properties and microscopic morphology of the emulsion. The emulsion stabilized by composite particles showed better stability compared to case when TOCNC were used. The porous foam was obtained by heating a composite-particles-stabilized Pickering emulsion at 90 °C for 2 h. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) images showed that the prepared foam had uniformly distributed pores. In addition, the thermal conductivity of the foam was 0.33 W/m·k, which was a significant decrease compared to the 3.92 W/m·k of the TOCNC foam. The introduction of nisin and WPU can reduce the thermal conductivity of the foam, and the physically modified, TOCNC-stabilized Pickering emulsion provides an effective means to preparing bio-based porous materials.
Collapse
|
6
|
Masek A, Kosmalska A. Technological limitations in obtaining and using cellulose biocomposites. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:912052. [PMID: 36061440 PMCID: PMC9429818 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.912052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the many possible types of polymer composite materials, the most important are nanocomposites and biocomposites, which have received tremendous attention in recent years due to their unique properties. The fundamental benefits of using biocomposites as alternative materials to “petroleum-based” products are certainly shaping current development trends and setting directions for future research and applications of polymer composites. A dynamic growth of the production and sale of biocomposites is observed in the global market, which results not only from the growing interest and demand for this type of materials, but also due to the fact that for the developed and modified, thus improved materials, the area of their application is constantly expanding. Already today, polymer composites with plant raw materials are used in various sectors of the economy. In particular, this concerns the automotive and construction industries, as well as widely understood packaging. Bacterial cellulose, for example, also known as bionanocellulose, as a natural polymer with specific and unique properties, has been used extensively,primarily in numerous medical applications. Intensive research is also being carried out into composites with natural fibres composed mainly of organic compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. However, three aspects seem to be associated with the popularisation of biopolymers: performance, processing and cost. This article provides a brief overview of the topic under discussion. What can be the technological limitations considering the methods of obtaining polymer composites with the use of plant filler and the influence on their properties? What properties of cellulose constitute an important issue from the point of view of its applicability in polymers, in the context of compatibility with the polymer matrix and processability? What can be the ways of changing these properties through modifications, which may be crucial from the point of view of the development directions of biopolymers and bioplastics, whose further new applications will be related, among others, to the enhancement of properties? There still seems to be considerable potential to improve the cellulose material composites being produced, as well as to improve the efficiency of their manufacturing. Nevertheless, the material still needs to be well optimized before it can replace conventional materials at the industrial level in the near future. Typically, various studies discuss their comparison in terms of production, properties and highly demanding applications of plant or bacterial nanocellulose. Usually, aspects of each are described separately in the literature. In the present review, several important data are gathered in one place, providing a basis for comparing the types of cellulose described. On the one hand, this comparison aims to demonstrate the advantage of bacterial cellulose over plant cellulose, due to environmental protection and its unique properties. On the other hand, it aims to prepare a more comprehensive point of view that can objectively help in deciding which cellulosic raw material may be more suitable for a particular purpose, bacterial cellulose or plant cellulose.
Collapse
|
7
|
Barkane A, Platnieks O, Grase L, Gaidukovs S. Simultaneous wettability and stiffness control of UV-curing vegetable oil resin composites by lignocellulosic components. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
8
|
Palucci Rosa R, Rosace G, Arrigo R, Malucelli G. Preparation and Characterization of 3D-Printed Biobased Composites Containing Micro- or Nanocrystalline Cellulose. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091886. [PMID: 35567055 PMCID: PMC9105471 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereolithography (SLA), one of the seven different 3D printing technologies, uses photosensitive resins to create high-resolution parts. Although SLA offers many advantages for medical applications, the lack of biocompatible and biobased resins limits its utilization. Thus, the development of new materials is essential. This work aims at designing, developing, and fully characterizing a bio-resin system (made of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO)), filled with micro- or nanocellulose crystals (MCC and CNC), suitable for 3D printing. The unfilled resin system containing 80 wt.% AESO was identified as the best resin mixture, having a biobased content of 68.8%, while ensuring viscosity values suitable for the 3D printing process (>1.5 Pa s). The printed samples showed a 93% swelling decrease in water, as well as increased tensile strength (4.4 ± 0.2 MPa) and elongation at break (25% ± 2.3%). Furthermore, the incorporation of MCC and CNC remarkably increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the cured network, thus indicating a strong reinforcing effect exerted by the fillers. Lastly, the presence of the fillers did not affect the UV-light penetration, and the printed parts showed a high quality, thus proving their potential for precise applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Palucci Rosa
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Viale Marconi 5, Dalmine, 24044 Bergamo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Rosace
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Local INSTM Unit, Viale Marconi 5, Dalmine, 24044 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Rossella Arrigo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Local INSTM Unit, Viale T. Michel 5, Provincia di Alessandria, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (R.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Local INSTM Unit, Viale T. Michel 5, Provincia di Alessandria, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (R.A.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shokrani H, Shokrani A, Jouyandeh M, Seidi F, Gholami F, Kar S, Munir MT, Kowalkowska-Zedler D, Zarrintaj P, Rabiee N, Saeb MR. Green Polymer Nanocomposites for Skin Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2107-2121. [PMID: 35504039 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of an appropriate skin scaffold needs to meet several standards related to the mechanical and biological properties. Fully natural/green scaffolds with acceptable biodegradability, biocompatibility, and physiological properties quite often suffer from poor mechanical properties. Therefore, for appropriate skin tissue engineering and to mimic the real functions, we need to use synthetic polymers and/or additives as complements to green polymers. Green nanocomposites (either nanoscale natural macromolecules or biopolymers containing nanoparticles) are a class of scaffolds with acceptable biomedical properties window (drug delivery and cardiac, nerve, bone, cartilage as well as skin tissue engineering), enabling one to achieve the required level of skin regeneration and wound healing. In this review, we have collected, summarized, screened, analyzed, and interpreted the properties of green nanocomposites used in skin tissue engineering and wound dressing. We particularly emphasize the mechanical and biological properties that skin cells need to meet when seeded on the scaffold. In this regard, the latest state of the art studies directed at fabrication of skin tissue and bionanocomposites as well as their mechanistic features are discussed, whereas some unspoken complexities and challenges for future developments are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Shokrani
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Amirhossein Shokrani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-9567 Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Jouyandeh
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, 11155-4563 Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Fatemeh Gholami
- New Technologies - Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Veleslavínova 42, 301 00 Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Saptarshi Kar
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Muhammad Tajammal Munir
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait
| | - Daria Kowalkowska-Zedler
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Payam Zarrintaj
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran 145888-9694, Iran.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rosace G, Palucci Rosa R, Arrigo R, Malucelli G. Photosensitive acrylates containing bio‐based epoxy‐acrylate soybean oil for 3D printing application. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Rosace
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Bergamo, and Local INSTM Unit Dalmine Italy
| | - Raphael Palucci Rosa
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences University of Bergamo Dalmine Italy
| | - Rossella Arrigo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di Torino, and Local INSTM Unit Alessandria Italy
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology Politecnico di Torino, and Local INSTM Unit Alessandria Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiang J, Lu S, Liu M, Li C, Zhang Y, Yu TB, Yang L, Shen Y, Zhou Q. Tunable Photoluminescence Properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose with Gradually Changing Crystallinity and Crystal Form. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100321. [PMID: 34254396 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonconventional luminogens with persistent room temperature phosphoresce (p-RTP) are attracting increasing attention owing to their momentous significance and diverse technical applications in optoelectronic and biomedical. So far, the p-RTP emission of some amorphous powders or single crystals has been studied in depth. The p-RTP emission of amorphous and fully crystalline states and their emission properties are widely divergent, while the difference of their p-RTP emission mechanism is still controversial. The relevance between crystallinity change and p-RTP properties is rarely studied. Furthermore, there is almost no research on the photoluminescence (PL) property change and emission mechanism under the crystal form transformation of semi-crystalline polymer. Herein, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is chosen as a model compound to explore its crystallinity and the change in luminescence during the crystal form transformation to make up for this gap. By precisely adjusting the crystallinity and crystal cellulose conversion of MCC, the changing trend of quantum efficiency, and p-RTP lifetime is consistent with the change of crystallinity, and the cellulose I may be more beneficial to PL emission than cellulose II. Clustering-triggered emission mechanism can reasonably explain these interesting photophysical processes, which also can be supported by single-crystal analysis and theoretical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiantang Jiang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Shijia Lu
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Man Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Chuchu Li
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yuanchao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Tian Bo Yu
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yifeng Shen
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Barkane A, Kampe E, Platnieks O, Gaidukovs S. Cellulose Nanocrystals vs. Cellulose Nanofibers: A Comparative Study of Reinforcing Effects in UV-Cured Vegetable Oil Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071791. [PMID: 34361176 PMCID: PMC8308285 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is an opportunity to use nanocellulose as an efficient renewable reinforcing filler for polymer composites. There have been many investigations to prove the reinforcement concept of different nanocellulose sources for thermoplastic and thermoset polymers. The present comparative study highlighted the beneficial effects of selecting cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and nanocrystals (CNCs) on the exploitation properties of vegetable oil-based thermoset composite materials—thermal, thermomechanical, and structural characteristics. The proposed UV-light-curable resin consists of an acrylated epoxidized soybean oil polymer matrix and two different nanocellulose reinforcements. High loadings of up to 30 wt% of CNFs and CNCs in irradiation-cured vegetable oil-based thermoset composites were reported. Infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated developed hydrogen-bonding interactions between the nanocellulose and polymer matrix. CNCs yielded a homogeneous nanocrystal dispersion, while CNFs revealed a nanofiber agglomeration in the polymer matrix, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Thermal degradation showed that nanocellulose reduced the maximum degradation temperature by 5 °C for the 30 wt% CNC and CNF nanocomposites. Above the glass transition temperature at 80 °C, the storage modulus values increased 6-fold and 2-fold for the 30 wt% CNC and CNF nanocomposites, respectively. In addition, the achieved reinforcement efficiency factor r value for CNCs was 8.7, which was significantly higher than that of CNFs of 2.2. The obtained nanocomposites with enhanced properties show great potential for applications such as UV-light-processed coatings, adhesives, and additive manufacturing inks.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ek P, Gu BJ, Saunders SR, Huber K, Ganjyal GM. Exploration of physicochemical properties and molecular interactions between cellulose and high-amylose cornstarch during extrusion processing. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:588-597. [PMID: 34485927 PMCID: PMC8405956 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Incorporating fiber at high levels (>10%) into direct-expanded products with acceptable texture is challenging. Fundamental explanations for the interaction of starch and fiber and the cause of expansion reduction need further understanding for the effective incorporation of fiber into expanded products. This study aims to explain how cellulose content impacts the physicochemical properties of starch-based extrudates and the long-range and short-range molecular changes of starch. Mixtures of cornstarch (50% amylose) and cellulose were extruded using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Thermal and pasting properties of the raw mixtures were evaluated, and the physicochemical properties and microstructure of extrudates were determined. Long-range and short-range molecular changes of starch-cellulose mixtures before and after extrusion were observed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The expansion ratio of extrudates reduced significantly as the cellulose content increased and had a strong negative correlation with crystallinity. Cell structures of starch-cellulose extrudates had a smaller and more uniform pore size but possessing a more ruptured matrix. FTIR spectra suggested that there was no covalent bonding interaction between starch and fiber after extrusion. Extrusion reduced the overall crystallinity compared to the raw mixtures. XRD showed that the crystallinity of the starch-cellulose extrudates increased as the cellulose content increased, and the XRD peaks representing cellulose remained unchanged. Cellulose could interfere with starch chain reassociation through intermolecular hydrogen bonding during the expansion process. Phase separation of starch and cellulose is likely to occur at high cellulose content, which could be another reason for the reduced expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pichmony Ek
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 -6376, USA
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Institute of Technology of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Bon-Jae Gu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 -6376, USA
| | - Steven R. Saunders
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 -6376, USA
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6515, USA
| | - Kerry Huber
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Brigham Young University-Idaho, Rexburg, ID, 83460, USA
| | - Girish M. Ganjyal
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 -6376, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Madbouly S, Edlis S, Ionadi N. Soybean-based polymers and composites. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Development and evaluation of new bio-based sustainable plastics to replace the petroleum-based materials in different industrial applications has both environmental and economic benefits. Bio-based polymers can be widely used in biomedical and agriculture applications due to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. Soy protein is a natural material that can be isolated from soybean, which is a major agricultural crop in the U.S. The viability of soybean-based polymers and composites is questioned due to their high-water absorption and poor mechanical properties. There have been many environmentally friendly attempts to improve the properties of soybean polymers as soybeans and their extracts are widely available worldwide. Soy protein, hulls, and oils all find use in the development of different biodegradable polymers. While the development looks promising, there is still more work to do to make the soybean polymers useful and economically viable. Blending soy protein with other biodegradable polymers, such as polylactide (PLA) and polyurethane dispersion is a valid approach to improve the mechanical properties of soy protein and reduce its water sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samy Madbouly
- Behrend College, School of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , Erie , PA 16563 , USA
| | - Sean Edlis
- Behrend College, School of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , Erie , PA 16563 , USA
| | - Nicolas Ionadi
- Behrend College, School of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University , Erie , PA 16563 , USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barkane A, Platnieks O, Jurinovs M, Kasetaite S, Ostrauskaite J, Gaidukovs S, Habibi Y. UV-Light Curing of 3D Printing Inks from Vegetable Oils for Stereolithography. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1195. [PMID: 33917193 PMCID: PMC8068002 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical resins for UV-assisted additive manufacturing (AM) are prepared from petroleum-based materials and therefore do not contribute to the growing AM industry trend of converting to sustainable bio-based materials. To satisfy society and industry's demand for sustainability, renewable feedstocks must be explored; unfortunately, there are not many options that are applicable to photopolymerization. Nevertheless, some vegetable oils can be modified to be suitable for UV-assisted AM technologies. In this work, extended study, through FTIR and photorheology measurements, of the UV-curing of epoxidized acrylate from soybean oil (AESO)-based formulations has been performed to better understand the photopolymerization process. The study demonstrates that the addition of appropriate functional comonomers like trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and the adjusting of the concentration of photoinitiator from 1% to 7% decrease the needed UV-irradiation time by up to 25%. Under optimized conditions, the optimal curing time was about 4 s, leading to a double bond conversion rate (DBC%) up to 80% and higher crosslinking density determined by the Flory-Rehner empirical approach. Thermal and mechanical properties were also investigated via TGA and DMA measurements that showed significant improvements of mechanical performances for all formulations. The properties were improved further upon the addition of the reactive diluents. After the thorough investigations, the prepared vegetable oil-based resin ink formulations containing reactive diluents were deemed suitable inks for UV-assisted AM, giving their appropriate viscosity. The validation was done by printing different objects with complex structures using a laser based stereolithography apparatus (SLA) printer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anda Barkane
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (A.B.); (O.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Oskars Platnieks
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (A.B.); (O.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Maksims Jurinovs
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (A.B.); (O.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Sigita Kasetaite
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.K.); (J.O.)
| | - Jolita Ostrauskaite
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (S.K.); (J.O.)
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (A.B.); (O.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Youssef Habibi
- Department of Materials Research and Technology (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun R, Zhu J, Wu H, Wang S, Li W, Sun Q. Modulating layer-by-layer assembled sodium alginate-chitosan film properties through incorporation of cellulose nanocrystals with different surface charge densities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:510-522. [PMID: 33745975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-oxidized cellulose nanocrystals (TOCNs) were loaded into sodium alginate/chitosan multilayer film as nanofillers to investigate the modulation of the surface charge density of TOCNs on the film properties. First, the surface charge density of TOCNs was controlled by adjusting the carboxyl content and morphological size by varying the oxidant dosage. After oxidation, TOCN with higher surface charge density was observed to display a higher crystallinity, a more open internal structure, a better dispersibility and a slightly weaker thermal stability. In addition, a 15-layer film composed of sodium alginate and chitosan, called (SA/CH)15, was constructed by layer-by-layer assembly. Both in situ deposition monitoring and free-standing multilayer film formation indicated that TOCNs relied on strong electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding to achieve a compact and uniform interlayer and a thinner thickness of (SA/CH)15, which was more evident at a high surface charge density. The addition of TOCNs also enhanced the mechanical properties, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and barrier properties of (SA/CH)15. In particular, the resulting sodium alginate/chitosan multilayer film exhibited an improved packaging performance when nanocomposite was performed using TOCN with a surface charge density of 3.22 ± 0.11 e nm-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxiang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Qingdao Special Food Research Institute, Qingdao 266109, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiqing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjie Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
EL-Ghoul Y, Ammar C, Alminderej FM, Shafiquzzaman M. Design and Evaluation of a New Natural Multi-Layered Biopolymeric Adsorbent System-Based Chitosan/Cellulosic Nonwoven Material for the Biosorption of Industrial Textile Effluents. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030322. [PMID: 33498334 PMCID: PMC7864031 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The adsorption phenomenon using low-cost adsorbents that are abundant in nature is of great interest when the adsorbed capacity is significant. A newly designed natural polyelectrolyte multi-layered (PEM) biopolymeric system-based chitosan/modified chitosan polymer and functionalized cellulosic nonwoven material was prepared and used as an effective adsorbent for Reactive Red 198 (RR198) dye solutions. The bio-sorbent was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and thermal (TGA/DTA) analysis. The swelling behavior was also evaluated, showing the great increase of the hydrophilicity of the prepared adsorbent biopolymer. The effect of various process parameters on the performance of RR198 dye removal such as pH, contact time, temperature, and initial dye concentration was studied. The biopolymeric system has shown good efficiency of adsorption compared to other adsorbents based on chitosan polymer. The highest adsorption capacity was found to be 722.3 mgg−1 at pH = 4 (ambient temperature, time = 120 min and dye concentration = 600 mg L−1). The adsorption process fitted well to both pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich/Temkin adsorption isotherm models. Regarding its low cost, easy preparation, and promising efficient adsorption results, this new concepted multi-layered bio-sorbent could be an effective solution for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yassine EL-Ghoul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-595-519-071
| | - Chiraz Ammar
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
- Department of Fashion Design, College of Design, Qassim University, Al Fayziyyah Buraidah 52383, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad M. Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Shafiquzzaman
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maradini GDS, Oliveira MP, Guanaes GMDS, Passamani GZ, Carreira LG, Boschetti WTN, Monteiro SN, Pereira AC, de Oliveira BF. Characterization of Polyester Nanocomposites Reinforced with Conifer Fiber Cellulose Nanocrystals. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2838. [PMID: 33260682 PMCID: PMC7760286 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of cellulose nanocrystal has lately been investigated as polymer composites reinforcement owing to favorable characteristics of biodegradability and cost effectiveness as well as superior mechanical properties. In the present work novel nanocomposites of unsaturated polyester matrix reinforced with low amount of 1, 2, and 3 wt% of cellulose nanocrystals obtained from conifer fiber (CNC) were characterized. The polyester matrix and nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), bending test, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result showed that the addition of only 2 wt% CNC increased the nanocomposite flexural strength by 159%, the ductility by 500% and the toughness by 1420%. Fracture analyses by SEM revealed a uniform participation of the CNC in the polyester microstructure. The resistance to thermal degradation of the CNC reinforced nanocomposites was improved in more than 20 °C as compared to neat polyester. No significant changes were detected in the water absorptions and XRD pattern of the neat polyester with incorporations up to 3 wt% CNC. These results reveal that the 2 wt% CNC nanocomposite might be a promising more ductile, lightweight and cost-effective substitute for conventional glass fiber composites in engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grazielle da Silva Maradini
- Forest and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Jeronimo Monteiro 29550-000, Brazil; (G.d.S.M.); (M.P.O.); (G.M.d.S.G.); (G.Z.P.); (L.G.C.)
| | - Michel Picanço Oliveira
- Forest and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Jeronimo Monteiro 29550-000, Brazil; (G.d.S.M.); (M.P.O.); (G.M.d.S.G.); (G.Z.P.); (L.G.C.)
| | - Gabriel Madeira da Silva Guanaes
- Forest and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Jeronimo Monteiro 29550-000, Brazil; (G.d.S.M.); (M.P.O.); (G.M.d.S.G.); (G.Z.P.); (L.G.C.)
| | - Gabriel Zuqui Passamani
- Forest and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Jeronimo Monteiro 29550-000, Brazil; (G.d.S.M.); (M.P.O.); (G.M.d.S.G.); (G.Z.P.); (L.G.C.)
| | - Lilian Gasparelli Carreira
- Forest and Wood Sciences Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Jeronimo Monteiro 29550-000, Brazil; (G.d.S.M.); (M.P.O.); (G.M.d.S.G.); (G.Z.P.); (L.G.C.)
| | | | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Materials Science Program, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil;
| | - Artur Camposo Pereira
- Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Materials Science Program, Praça General Tibúrcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil;
| | - Bárbara Ferreira de Oliveira
- Advanced Materials Department, Northern Fluminense State University, Av Alberto Lamego, 2000, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barkane A, Platnieks O, Jurinovs M, Gaidukovs S. Thermal stability of UV-cured vegetable oil epoxidized acrylate-based polymer system for 3D printing application. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
20
|
Chen J, Liu H, Zhang W, Lv L, Liu Z. Thermosets resins prepared from soybean oil and lignin derivatives with high biocontent, superior thermal properties, and biodegradability. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junying Chen
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymers and Related Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Hua Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of New Anticorrosion Material Shanghai 200237 China
- Sino Polymer Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymers and Related Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Lina Lv
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymers and Related Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zuozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Polymers and Related Technology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of New Anticorrosion Material Shanghai 200237 China
- Sino Polymer Co., Ltd. Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
On the Performance and Recyclability of a Green Composite Based on AESO Resin. JOURNAL OF MANUFACTURING AND MATERIALS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jmmp4030065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims and objectives of this paper are two-fold: first to investigate the production of a green composite manufactured with renewable materials (i.e., jute fabric as reinforcement, acrylate epoxidase soybean oil (AESO) as matrix and sisal particles (SP) as filler), by the wet layup method; second, to propose a recycling procedure to recover the individual materials and reuse them in the production of a second-life composite. In the first part, different combinations of SP (0, 5 and 10 wt%) and hardener (2, 5 and 10 wt%) were mixed with AESO resin, poured into a mould, cured and submitted to mechanical and physicochemical characterizations to identify the best conditions for the composite production. Virgin green composites with 10 wt% SP, 5 wt% hardener and 5 layers of jute fabric, capable of assuring 91 HA of hardness and 10.6 MPa of tensile strength, were fabricated. The second part describes the recycling process of the composites with acetone, an organic solvent recommended by the safety, health and environmental criteria, to breakdown the resin matrix and recover the jute fabric reinforcement and resin particles, which were then reused to fabricate a second-life composite. Although the hardness values of the second-life composite were smaller (4%) and the tensile strength varied with composition, the absorption of water was considerably reduced (in the range of 22 to 51%). This last result mitigates one of the green composite’s limitations and fosters circular economy by assuring the applications of the second-life composite in the field of transportations, packing and furniture, among others.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hasan KMF, Horváth PG, Alpár T. Potential Natural Fiber Polymeric Nanobiocomposites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1072. [PMID: 32392800 PMCID: PMC7284945 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Composite materials reinforced with biofibers and nanomaterials are becoming considerably popular, especially for their light weight, strength, exceptional stiffness, flexural rigidity, damping property, longevity, corrosion, biodegradability, antibacterial, and fire-resistant properties. Beside the traditional thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers, nanoparticles are also receiving attention in terms of their potential to improve the functionality and mechanical performances of biocomposites. These remarkable characteristics have made nanobiocomposite materials convenient to apply in aerospace, mechanical, construction, automotive, marine, medical, packaging, and furniture industries, through providing environmental sustainability. Nanoparticles (TiO2, carbon nanotube, rGO, ZnO, and SiO2) are easily compatible with other ingredients (matrix polymer and biofibers) and can thus form nanobiocomposites. Nanobiocomposites are exhibiting a higher market volume with the expansion of new technology and green approaches for utilizing biofibers. The performances of nanobiocomposites depend on the manufacturing processes, types of biofibers used, and the matrix polymer (resin). An overview of different natural fibers (vegetable/plants), nanomaterials, biocomposites, nanobiocomposites, and manufacturing methods are discussed in the context of potential application in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Faridul Hasan
- Simonyi Károly Faculty of Engineering, University of Sopron, Sopron, 9400 Gyor, Hungary;
| | | | - Tibor Alpár
- Simonyi Károly Faculty of Engineering, University of Sopron, Sopron, 9400 Gyor, Hungary;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Drying of the Natural Fibers as A Solvent-Free Way to Improve the Cellulose-Filled Polymer Composite Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020484. [PMID: 32098150 PMCID: PMC7077673 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
When considering cellulose (UFC100) modification, most of the processes employ various solvents in the role of the reaction environment. The following article addresses a solvent-free method, thermal drying, which causes a moisture content decrease in cellulose fibers. Herein, the moisture content in UFC100 was analyzed with spectroscopic methods, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. During water desorption, a moisture content drop from approximately 6% to 1% was evidenced. Moreover, drying may bring about a specific variation in cellulose's chemical structure. These changes affected the cellulose-filled polymer composite's properties, e.g., an increase in tensile strength from 17 MPa for the not-dried UFC100 to approximately 30 MPa (dried cellulose; 24 h, 100 °C) was observed. Furthermore, the obtained tensile test results were in good correspondence with Payne effect values, which changed from 0.82 MPa (not-dried UFC100) to 1.21 MPa (dried fibers). This raise proves the reinforcing nature of dried UFC100, as the Payne effect is dependent on the filler structure's development within a polymer matrix. This finding paves new opportunities for natural fiber applications in polymer composites by enabling a solvent-free and efficient cellulose modification approach that fulfils the sustainable development rules.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dutta N, Maji TK. Synergic effect of montmorillonite and microcrystalline cellulose on the physicochemical properties of rice husk/PVC composite. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
25
|
Fernandes M, Souto AP, Gama M, Dourado F. Bacterial Cellulose and Emulsified AESO Biocomposites as an Ecological Alternative to Leather. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121710. [PMID: 31795479 PMCID: PMC6955754 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This research investigated the development of bio-based composites comprising bacterial cellulose (BC), as obtained by static culture, and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO) as an alternative to leather. AESO was first emulsified; polyethylene glycol (PEG), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and perfluorocarbon-based polymers were also added to the AESO emulsion, with the mixtures being diffused into the BC 3D nanofibrillar matrix by an exhaustion process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the tested polymers penetrated well and uniformly into the bulk of the BC matrix. The obtained composites were hydrophobic and thermally stable up to 200 °C. Regarding their mechanical properties, the addition of different polymers lead to a decrease in the tensile strength and an increase in the elongation at break, overall presenting satisfactory performance as a potential alternative to leather.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernandes
- 2C2T-Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.F.); (A.P.S.)
| | - António Pedro Souto
- 2C2T-Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.F.); (A.P.S.)
| | - Miguel Gama
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-604-418
| | - Fernando Dourado
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cichosz S, Masek A. Cellulose Fibers Hydrophobization via a Hybrid Chemical Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1174. [PMID: 31336791 PMCID: PMC6681115 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The following article highlights the importance of an indispensable process in cellulose fibers (UFC100) modification which may change the biopolymer properties-drying. The reader is provided with a broad range of information considering the drying process consequences on the chemical treatment of the cellulose. This research underlines the importance of UFC100 moisture content reduction considering polymer composites application with the employment of a technique different than thermal treating. Therefore, a new hybrid chemical modification approach is introduced. It consists of two steps: solvent exchange (with ethanol either hexane) and chemical treatment (maleic anhydride-MA). With the use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it has been proven that the employment of different solvents may contribute to the higher yield of the modification process as they cause rearrangements in hydrogen bonds structure, swell the biopolymer and, therefore, affect its molecular packing. Furthermore, according to the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the improvement in fibers thermal resistance was noticed, e.g., shift in the value of 5% temperature mass loss from 240 °C (regular modification) to 306 °C (while solvent employed). Moreover, the research was broadened with cellulose moisture content influence on the modification process-tested fibers were either dried (D) or not dried (ND) before the hybrid chemical treatment. According to the gathered data, D cellulose exhibits elevated thermal resistance and ND fibers are more prone to the MA modification. What should be emphasized, in the case of all carried out UFC100 treatments, is that a decrease in moisture contend was evidenced-from approximately 4% in case of thermal drying to 1.7% for hybrid chemical modification. This is incredibly promising considering the possibility of the treated fibers application in polymer matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cichosz
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Masek
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Stefanowskiego 12/16, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu C, Wu Q, An R, Shang Q, Feng G, Hu Y, Jia P, Zhou Y, Lei W. Synthesis and Properties of Tung Oil-Based Unsaturated Co-Ester Resins Bearing Steric Hindrance. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050826. [PMID: 31067834 PMCID: PMC6572467 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
New tung oil (TO)-based, unsaturated, co-ester (Co-UE) macromonomers bearing steric hindrance were synthesized by modifying a TO-based maleate (TOPERMA) monomer with an anhydride structure with hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methallyl alcohol (MAA), respectively. The obtained Co-UE monomers (TOPERMA-HEMA and TOPERMA-MAA) were then characterized by 1 H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). For comparison, hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA)-modified TOPERMA (TOPERMA-HEA) was also synthesized and characterized. Subsequently, the obtained Co-UEs were thermally cured with styrene, and the ultimate properties of the resulting materials were studied. It was found that by introducing the structure of steric hindrance into the TO-based Co-UE monomer, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the resulting materials were improved. Furthermore, by reducing the length of the flexible chain in the Co-UE monomer, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resultant materials were also improved. The TOPERMA-MAA resin gave the best performance in these TO-based Co-UE resins, which showed a tensile strength of 32.2 MPa, Young's modulus of 2.38 GPa, and Tg of 130.3 °C. The developed ecofriendly materials show promise in structural plastic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengguo Liu
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Lab of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Lab of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China.
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Rongrong An
- College of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qianqian Shang
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Lab of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Guodong Feng
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Lab of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Yun Hu
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Lab of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Puyou Jia
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Lab of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- National Engineering Lab for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key Lab of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; Key Lab of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Province; Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Wen Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang H, Gupta A, Kim BS. Photo-crosslinked polymer networks based on graphene-functionalized soybean oil and their properties. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
29
|
Lu P, Guo M, Yang Y, Wu M. Nanocellulose Stabilized Pickering Emulsion Templating for Thermosetting AESO Nanocomposite Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1111. [PMID: 30961036 PMCID: PMC6403711 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emulsion templating has emerged as an effective approach to prepare polymer-based foams. This study reports a thermosetting nanocomposite foam prepared by nanocellulose stabilized Pickering emulsion templating. The Pickering emulsion used as templates for the polymeric foams production was obtained by mechanically mixing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) water suspensions with the selected oil mixtures comprised of acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The effects of the oil to water weight ratio (1:1 to 1:3) and the concentration of CNCs (1.0⁻3.0 wt %) on the stability of the emulsion were studied. Emulsions were characterized according to the emulsion stability index, droplet size, and droplet distribution. The emulsion prepared under the condition of oil to water ratio 1:1 and concentration of CNCs at 2.0 wt % showed good stability during the two-week storage period. Nanocomposite foams were formed by heating the Pickering emulsion at 90 °C for 60 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the foam has a microporous structure with a non-uniform cell size that varied from 0.3 to 380 μm. The CNCs stabilized Pickering emulsion provides a versatile approach to prepare innovative functional bio-based materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology of Ministry of Education/Shandong Province, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Mengya Guo
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp and Papermaking and Pollution Control, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kasemsiri P, Lorwanishpaisarn N, Pongsa U, Ando S. Reconfigurable Shape Memory and Self-Welding Properties of Epoxy Phenolic Novolac/Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E482. [PMID: 30966516 PMCID: PMC6415440 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional shape memory polymers (SMPs) can memorize their permanent shapes. However, these SMPs cannot reconfigure their original shape to obtain a desirable geometry owing to permanent chemically or physically crosslinked networks. To overcome this limitation, novel SMPs that can be reconfigured via bond exchange reactions (BERs) have been developed. In this study, polymer composites consisting of epoxy phenolic novolac (EPN) and bio-based cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) reinforced by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared. The obtained composites exhibited shape memory and self-welding properties, and their shapes could be reconfigured via BERs. Their shape memory mechanisms were investigated using variable-temperature Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis. The EPN/CNSL composite containing 0.3 wt % CNTs showed the highest shape fixity and shape recovery ratio. Furthermore, shape memory behavior induced by irradiation of near-infrared (NIR) light was also observed. All samples showed high shape recovery ratios of nearly 100% over five cycles, and increasing the CNT content shortened the recovery time remarkably. The ability of shape reconfiguration and stress relaxation affected the photo-induced shape memory properties of reshaped samples. Additionally, the self-welding properties were also influenced by stress relaxation. The hindrance of stress relaxation caused by the CNTs resulted in a decrease in adhesive fracture energy (Gc). However, the Gc values of EPN/CNSL composites were comparable to those of epoxy vitrimers. These results revealed that the material design concepts of thermal- and photo-induced shape memory, shape reconfiguration, and self-welding were combined in the EPN/CNSL composites, which could be feasible method for advanced smart material applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pornnapa Kasemsiri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Uraiwan Pongsa
- Division of Industrial Engineering Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Wang Klai Kang, Won Campus, Prachuap Khiri Khan 77110, Thailand.
| | - Shinji Ando
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-E4-5, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang B, Nie K, Xue XR, Lin FH, Li XY, Xue YB, Luo J. Preparation of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polybutene and Its Application in Isotactic Polybutene-1/Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E393. [PMID: 30966428 PMCID: PMC6415252 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) offers great potential to improve the mechanical and crystallization properties of isotactic polybutene-1 (iPB) because of its low cost, biodegradability, renewability and excellent mechanical properties. However, the compatibility of polar MCC and non-polar iPB is poor. In this study, maleic anhydride grafted polybutene (MAPB) was prepared by the solution method and was used as a compatibilizer in the fabrication of iPB/MCC composites by using a twin screw extruder. The ultimate tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus of the iPB/MCC composites increased by 3.1%, 16.5%, 10.7%, 6.5%, respectively, compared with that of pure iPB. With MAPB addition, these values increased by 17.2%, 31%, 17.5% and 10%, respectively, compared with that of pure iPB. The heat-distortion temperature and thermal-decomposition temperature of all composites increased with an increased MCC content. The non-isothermal crystallization of the iPB/MCC composites shows that MCC addition can promote iPB crystallization, because the non-isothermal crystallization curve of the composites moves toward a higher temperature, especially after MAPB addition. Scanning electron micrographs indicate that the compatibility of the iPB/MCC has been enhanced significantly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- School of Chemical and Biological Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Kai Nie
- School of Chemical and Biological Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030021, China.
| | - Xiao-Rong Xue
- School of Chemical and Biological Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030021, China.
| | - Fu-Hua Lin
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Shanxi Provincial Institute of Chemical Industry, Taiyuan 030021, China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Shanxi Provincial Institute of Chemical Industry, Taiyuan 030021, China.
| | - Yong-Bing Xue
- School of Chemical and Biological Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030021, China.
| | - Jun Luo
- Guangzhou Fibre Product Testing and Research Institute, Guangzhou 510220, China.
| |
Collapse
|