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Dey P, Osborne JW, Lincy KB. An insight on the plausible biological and non-biological detoxification of heavy metals in tannery waste: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119451. [PMID: 38906443 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
A key challenge for the tannery industries is the volume of tannery waste water (TWW) generated during the processing of leather, releasing various forms of toxic heavy metals resulting in uncontrolled discharge of tannery waste (TW) into the environment leading to pollution. The pollutants in TW includes heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) etc, when discharged above the permissible limit causes ill effects on humans. Therefore, several researchers have reported the application of biological and non-biological methods for the removal of pollutants in TW. This review provides insights on the global scenario of tannery industries and the harmful effects of heavy metal generated by tannery industry on micro and macroorganisms of the various ecological niches. It also provides information on the process, advantages and disadvantages of non-biological methods such as electrochemical oxidation, advanced oxidation processes, photon assisted catalytic remediation, adsorption and membrane technology. The various biological methods emphasised includes strategies such as constructed wetland, vermitechnology, phytoremediation, bioaugmentation, quorum sensing and biofilm in the remediation of heavy metals from tannery wastewater (TWW) with special emphasize on chromium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parry Dey
- School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jabez W Osborne
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL) Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kirubhadharsini B Lincy
- School of Bio Sciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Jaramillo-Fierro X, Ramón J, Valarezo E. Cyanide Removal by ZnTiO 3/TiO 2/H 2O 2/UVB System: A Theoretical-Experimental Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16446. [PMID: 38003635 PMCID: PMC10671060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a highly toxic substance present in wastewater from various industries. This study investigates the removal of cyanide species (CS) from aqueous solutions using the ZnTiO3/TiO2/H2O2/UVB system. ZnTiO3/TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized by the sol-gel method were characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The adsorption capacity of nanoparticles was tested by varying the pH of the solution, adsorbent concentration, and contact time. The adsorption of CS on ZnTiO3 and TiO2 surfaces was verified by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Photocatalytic experiments were achieved under UVB irradiation (λ = 310 nm). The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the CS removal efficiency. The detoxification effect was evaluated by acute toxicity tests with brine shrimp. The theoretical results show that the adsorption of CS is energetically more favorable on the ZnTiO3 surface than on the TiO2 surface. The experimental results show that the system consisting of ZnTiO3/TiO2 (200 mg L-1), H2O2 (0.1%), and UVB light removes 99% of CS from aqueous solutions after 60 min and reduces the mortality of nauplii in 90% after 90 min. This system was reused in five consecutive cycles with a total loss of efficiency of 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Jaramillo-Fierro
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
| | - John Ramón
- Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
| | - Eduardo Valarezo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador;
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Jaramillo-Fierro X, Alvarado H, Montesdeoca F, Valarezo E. Faujasite-Type Zeolite Obtained from Ecuadorian Clay as a Support of ZnTiO 3/TiO 2 NPs for Cyanide Removal in Aqueous Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119281. [PMID: 37298234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, zeolites prepared by the hydrothermal method from Ecuadorian clay were combined with the precursor clay and with the semiconductor ZnTiO3/TiO2 prepared by the sol-gel method to adsorb and photodegrade cyanide species from aqueous solutions. These compounds were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-rays, point of zero charge, and specific surface area. The adsorption characteristics of the compounds were measured using batch adsorption experiments as a function of pH, initial concentration, temperature, and contact time. The Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order model fit the adsorption process better. The equilibrium state in the reaction systems at pH = 7 was reached around 130 and 60 min in the adsorption and photodegradation experiments, respectively. The maximum cyanide adsorption value (73.37 mg g-1) was obtained with the ZC compound (zeolite + clay), and the maximum cyanide photodegradation capacity (90.7%) under UV light was obtained with the TC compound (ZnTiO3/TiO2 + clay). Finally, the reuse of the compounds in five consecutive treatment cycles was determined. The results reflect that the compounds synthesized and adapted to the extruded form could potentially be used for the removal of cyanide from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Jaramillo-Fierro
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Hipatia Alvarado
- Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Montesdeoca
- Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Valarezo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
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4
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Jaramillo-Fierro X, León R. Effect of Doping TiO 2 NPs with Lanthanides (La, Ce and Eu) on the Adsorption and Photodegradation of Cyanide-A Comparative Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061068. [PMID: 36985962 PMCID: PMC10055693 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Free cyanide is a highly dangerous compound for health and the environment, so treatment of cyanide-contaminated water is extremely important. In the present study, TiO2, La/TiO2, Ce/TiO2, and Eu/TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized to assess their ability to remove free cyanide from aqueous solutions. Nanoparticles synthesized through the sol-gel method were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and specific surface area (SSA). Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were utilized to fit the adsorption equilibrium experimental data, and pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were used to fit the adsorption kinetics experimental data. Cyanide photodegradation and the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the photocatalytic process were investigated under simulated solar light. Finally, reuse of the nanoparticles in five consecutive treatment cycles was determined. The results showed that La/TiO2 has the highest percentage of cyanide removal (98%), followed by Ce/TiO2 (92%), Eu/TiO2 (90%), and TiO2 (88%). From these results, it is suggested that La, Ce, and Eu dopants can improve the properties of TiO2 as well as its ability to remove cyanide species from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Jaramillo-Fierro
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Ricardo León
- Maestría en Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
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5
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Liu Y, Sun B, Jia W, Wang Y, Huang L, Ning P, Yuan S. Study on Removal Mechanism for Copper Cyanide Complex Ions in Water: Ion Species Differences and Evolution Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065066. [PMID: 36982143 PMCID: PMC10048877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A large amount of cyanide-containing wastewater is discharged during electrode material synthesis. Among them, cyanides will form metal–cyanide complex ions which possess high stability, making it challenging to separate them from these wastewaters. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the complexation mechanism of cyanide ions and heavy metal ions from wastewater in order to obtain a deep insight into the process of cyanide removal. This study employs Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to reveal the complexation mechanism of metal–cyanide complex ions formed by the interaction of Cu+ and CN− in copper cyanide systems and its transformation patterns. Quantum chemical calculations show that the precipitation properties of Cu(CN)43− can assist in the removal of CN−. Therefore, transferring other metal–cyanide complex ions to Cu(CN)43− can achieve deep removal. OLI studio 11.0 analyzed the optimal process parameters of Cu(CN)43− under different conditions and determined the optimal process parameters of the removal depth of CN−. This work has the potential to contribute to the future preparation of related materials such as CN− removal adsorbents and catalysts and provide theoretical foundations for the development of more efficient, stable, and environmentally friendly next-generation energy storage electrode materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Data Center, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Baogang Sun
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Data Center, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenting Jia
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Data Center, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lijia Huang
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Pengge Ning
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Data Center, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Shaojun Yuan
- Low-Carbon Technology and Chemical Reaction Engineering Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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6
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Treatment of actual cyanide gold extraction wastewater by persulfate oxidation and its reaction mechanism. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Enhancing Free Cyanide Photocatalytic Oxidation by rGO/TiO2 P25 Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155284. [PMID: 35955219 PMCID: PMC9369652 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-TiO2 composites have been investigated in various photocatalytic reactions showing successful synergy compared to pristine TiO2. In the present work, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by the Hummers method and then reduced graphene oxide-TiO2 composites (rGO/TiO2) were obtained by an in situ GO photoreduction route. X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Raman, UV–vis DRS, and photoluminescence were the main characterization techniques. The obtained composites containing 1 and 3 wt.% rGO were evaluated in the cyanide (50 mg/L) oxidation and Au-cyanide complex (300 mg/L) degradation under UV-A light. The composites showed higher photocatalytic activity than TiO2, mainly with the 1% rGO content. Cyanate and gold nanoparticles, deposited on the photocatalyst’s surface, were the main byproducts during the photocatalyst assessment. The improved photocatalytic activity of the composites was attributed to a higher rate of electron transfer and a lower rate of charge recombination due to the chemical interaction of rGO with TiO2.
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Simple and highly sensitive 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone/glassy carbon sensor for the electrochemical detection of [Ni(CN)4]2− in metallurgical industry wastewater. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-022-01691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Suman SG, Snæbjörnsson T, Ragnarsdóttir O, Polukeev AV, Wendt OF. Synthesis of mixed salts of the [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(SCN)6-n(L)n](4+n)− anion (n = 0–2); structures of [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(SCN)5(CH3CN)]3−, [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(CN)5]3−, and [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(CN)2(O)]2−, and probing the ligand exchange of thiocyanate and cyanide. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Pan Y, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Jia Y, Chen L, Cui H. Synergistic effect of adsorptive photocatalytic oxidation and degradation mechanism of cyanides and Cu/Zn complexes over TiO 2/ZSM-5 in real wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125802. [PMID: 33865109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cyanide wastewater from the gold industry is essential. Photocatalytic oxidation is an effective method for the elimination of cyanides and metal cyanide complexes. TiO2/ZSM-5 composite photocatalysts with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios were prepared using the solid-state dispersion (SSD) method. The composite catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The catalytic efficiency of different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios and the synergistic effect of adsorptive photocatalytic oxidation for the degradation of cyanide wastewater was investigated under different adsorption and illumination times. With the extension of the photocatalytic time (>2.0 h), the composite catalyst with a high SiO2/Al2O3 ratio had better photocatalytic performance. A 93.97% degradation efficiency of total cyanides was observed after adsorption for 3.0 h and illumination for 4.0 h under room temperature with air as the oxidant. The removal efficiencies of the copper and zinc ions were 81.67% and 100%, respectively. The degradation of cyanide followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results showed that the generally irregular surface of the catalyst with a high SiO2/Al2O3 ratio contains more nano-TiO2. The adsorption capacities of copper and zinc were relatively high. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested that cyanide was eventually degraded to CO2 and NO3-. Copper and zinc were removed in the form of Cu(II) and Zn(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China.
| | - Yaoguo Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyou Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China.
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Photocatalytic Study of Cyanide Oxidation Using Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)-Activated Carbon Composites in a Continuous Flow Photo-Reactor. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photocatalytic oxidation of cyanide by titanium dioxide (TiO2) supported on activated carbon (AC) was evaluated in a continuous flow UV photo-reactor. The continuous photo-reactor was made of glass and covered with a wood box to isolate the fluid of external conditions. The TiO2-AC synthesized by the impregnation of TiO2 on granular AC composites was characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. Photocatalytic and adsorption tests were conducted separately and simultaneously. The results showed that 97% of CN− was degraded within 24 h due to combined photocatalytic oxidation and adsorption. To estimate the contribution of only adsorption, two-stage tests were performed. First, 74% cyanide ion degradation was reached in 24 h under dark conditions. This result was attributed to CN− adsorption and oxidation due to the generation of H2O2 on the surface of AC. Then, 99% degradation of cyanide ion was obtained through photocatalysis during 24 h. These results showed that photocatalysis and the continuous photo-reactor’s design enhanced the photocatalytic cyanide oxidation performance compared to an agitated batch system. Therefore, the use of TiO2-AC composites in a continuous flow photo-reactor is a promising process for the photocatalytic degradation of cyanide in aqueous solutions.
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Gaurav GK, Mehmood T, Kumar M, Cheng L, Sathishkumar K, Kumar A, Yadav D. Review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) migration from wastewater. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2021; 236:103715. [PMID: 33199037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly increasing global population and increased civilization has increased burden on potable water resources and results in larger volumes of wastewater. Physical wastewater management techniques has advanced for domestic usage and commercial effluent new conceptions about imminent wastewater treatment have been acclaimed for highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. The present review study emphasis on the assessment of several accessible PAHs treatment methods used in wastewater management. The elementary principles, contextual remediation mechanisms and recent development in PAHs removal practices have also been precisely explained. The comprehensive information regarding sources, dispersal, classification, physicochemical properties, PAHs toxicity for humans and aquatics life, conventional treatment procedures, and advanced oxidation processes specified can assist us to identify the PAHs problem and their intensity. The performance evaluation of different removal techniques are discussed in details and found that highest PAHs' reduction for 5-or 6-ring (99%,) while 3-ring (79% reduction) with oxidant dose of 1.64 mL/L using titanium catalyst. In case of MWTPs, with secondary techniques, the average removal efficiency found in the range of 81.1-92.9% while for AOPs are 32-99.3%. Here, overall yield through AOPs most suitable if process used with some catalyst enhanced the yield as well and suitable for high ring as well as low ring PAHs. Among various processes, advanced oxidation and catalytic oxidation processes are the most valuable and promising techniques for PAHs removal. Based on the given evidences, the AOPs coupled with catalysts have been decided as the most competent design for wastewater PAHs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra Kumar Gaurav
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes and College of Civil, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes and College of Civil, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Liu Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes and College of Civil, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development of shallow lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Deepak Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University (Formerly HBTI), Kanpur, India.
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Gretarsdottir JM, Jonsdottir S, Lewis W, Hambley TW, Suman SG. Water-Soluble α-Amino Acid Complexes of Molybdenum as Potential Antidotes for Cyanide Poisoning: Synthesis and Catalytic Studies of Threonine, Methionine, Serine, and Leucine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:18190-18204. [PMID: 33249838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble complexes are desirable for the aqueous detoxification of cyanide. Molybdenum complexes with α-amino acid and disulfide ligands with the formula K[(L)Mo2O2(μ-S)2(S2)] (L = leu (1), met (2), thr (3), and ser (4)) were synthesized in a reaction of [(DMF)3MoO(μ-S)2(S2)] with deprotonated α-amino acids; leu, met, thr, and ser are the carboxylate anions of l-leucine, l-methionine, l-threonine, and l-serine, respectively. Potassium salts of α-amino acids (leu (1a), met (2a), thr (3a), and ser (4a)) were prepared as precursors for complexes 1-4, respectively, by employing a nonaqueous synthesis route. The ligand exchange reaction of [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(DMF)6](I)2 with deprotonated α-amino acids afforded bis-α-amino acid complexes, [(L)2Mo2O2(μ-S)2] (6-8). A tris-α-amino acid complex, [(leu)2Mo2O2(μ-S)2(μ-leu + H)] (5; leu + H is the carboxylate anion of l-leucine with the amine protonated), formed in the reaction with leucine. 5 crystallized from methanol with a third weakly bonded leucine as a bridging bidentate carboxylate. An adduct of 8 with SCN- coordinated, 9, crystallized and was structurally characterized. Complexes 1-4 are air stable and highly water-soluble chiral molecules. Cytotoxicity studies in the A549 cell line gave IC50 values that range from 80 to 400 μM. Cyclic voltammetry traces of 1-8 show solvent-dependent irreversible electrochemical behavior. Complexes 1-4 demonstrated the ability to catalyze the reaction of thiosulfate and cyanide in vitro to exhaustively transform cyanide to thiocyanate in less than 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Trevor W Hambley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sigridur G Suman
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Degradation of Hexacyanoferrate (III) from Gold Mining Wastewaters via UV-A/LED Photocatalysis Using Modified TiO2 P25. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12092531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) was assessed in a bench-scale compound parabolic collectors (CPC) reactor assisted with a light-emitting diode (LED) UV-A source emitting at 365 nm, and using a modified TiO2 as a catalyst via the hydrothermal treatment of commercial Aeroxide P25. The experiments were performed under oxic and anoxic conditions in order to observe a possible reduction of the iron. The modified TiO2 showed a specific surface area 2.5 times greater than the original Aeroxide P25 and its isotherm and hysteresis indicated that the modified catalyst is mesoporous. The bandgap energy (Eg) of the modified TiO2 increased (3.34 eV) compared to the P25 TiO2 band gap (3.20 eV). A specific reaction rate constant of 0.1977 min−1 and an electrical oxidation efficiency of 7.77 kWh/m3 were obtained in the photocatalytic degradation. Although the TiO2 P25 yields a photocatalytic degradation 9.5% higher than that obtained one with the modified catalyst (hydrothermal), this catalyst showed better performance in terms of free cyanide release. This last aspect is a significant benefit since this can help to avoid the pollution of fresh water by reusing the treated wastewater for gold extraction. A photocatalytic degradation of the cyanocomplex of 93% was achieved when the process occurred under oxic conditions, which favored the removal. Summarizing, the hydrothermal method could be a promising treatment to obtain TiO2-based catalysts with larger specific areas.
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15
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Magnetic Nanoparticles of Fe3O4 Biosynthesized by Cnicus benedictus Extract: Photocatalytic Study of Organic Dye Degradation and Antibacterial Behavior. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the use of sustainable chemistry as an ecological alternative for the generation of products or processes that are free of a polluting substance has assumed a preponderant role. The aim of this work is to propose a bioinspired, facile, low cost, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly alternative to obtaining magnetic nanoparticles with a majority phase of magnetite (Fe3O4). It is important to emphasize that the synthesis was based on the chemical reduction through the Cnicus benedictus extract, whose use as reducing agent has not been reported in the synthesis of iron oxides nanoparticles. In addition, the Cnicus benedictus is an abundant endemic plant in Mexico with several medicinal properties and a large number of natural antioxidants. The obtained nanoparticles exhibited significant magnetic and antibacterial properties and an enhanced photocatalytic activity. The crystallite size of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NP’s) was calculated by the Williamson-Hall method. The photocatalytic properties of the Fe3O4 NP’s were studied by kinetics absorptions models in the Congo red (CR) degradation. Finally, the antibacterial effects of the Fe3O4 NPs were evaluated mediated the Kirby–Bauer method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This route offers a green alternative to obtain Fe3O4 NPs with remarkable magnetic, photocatalytic, and antibacterial properties.
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Special Issue: Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are nowadays not only considered as a complementary treatment option but as an attractive alternative to conventional methods [...]
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Enhanced solar light–driven photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline and organic pollutants by novel one–dimensional ZnWO4 nanorod–decorated two–dimensional Bi2WO6 nanoflakes. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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