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Hormenu T, Salifu I, Paku JE, Kordowu PY, Abdul-Karim A, Gyan TB, Asiedu I, Abdul-Ganiyu O, Amoadu M. Tropical oils consumption and health: a scoping review to inform the development of guidelines in tropical regions. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2468. [PMID: 39256687 PMCID: PMC11389204 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19949-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tropical oils such as palm and coconut oils are renowned for their high saturated fat content and culinary versatility. However, their consumption has sparked debate regarding their health benefits and production concerns. The purpose of this review was to map existing evidence on the health benefits and challenges associated with the consumption of tropical oils. METHOD The recommendations for conducting a scoping review by Arksey and O'Malley were followed. PubMed, Dimensions AI, Central, JSTOR Google, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases were searched for relevant papers. The predetermined keywords used were Consumption" AND "Tropical oil," as well as "Health benefits" OR "Health challenges" AND "Tropical Countries." Peer-reviewed and grey literature published in English were eligible for this review. RESULT Tropical oils, such as palm and coconut oils, provide health benefits including essential vitamins (A and E) that enhance ocular health, boost immunity, and support growth. They are also recognised for their role in managing high blood sugar, obesity, and cholesterol levels, while offering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These oils have wound-healing abilities and are commonly used in infant nutrition and traditional cooking. Nevertheless, prolonged and repeated use of tropical oils to high temperature can degrade vitamin E, whereas excessive intake may result in overdose. Health concerns include oxidative risks, diabetes, cancer, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and acrylamide formation due to production challenges excessive consumption. Additional issues include obesity, suboptimal oil production, misconceptions, regulatory obstacles, and preferences for alternative fats. CONCLUSION This review suggest that tropical oils provide essential health benefits, including vitamins and antioxidant properties, but pose significant health risks and production challenges, particularly when exposed to high temperatures and through excessive intake. Guidelines on the consumption of tropical oils in the tropical regions are necessary to regulate their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hormenu
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
- Cardiometabolic Epidemiology Research Laboratory, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Iddrisu Salifu
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Cardiometabolic Epidemiology Research Laboratory, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Juliet Elikem Paku
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Cardiometabolic Epidemiology Research Laboratory, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Peace Yaa Kordowu
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Adams Abdul-Karim
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Thomas Boateng Gyan
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Immanuel Asiedu
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Osman Abdul-Ganiyu
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Mustapha Amoadu
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Mansouri E, Asghari S, Nikooei P, Yaseri M, Vasheghani-Farahani A, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ. Effects of virgin coconut oil consumption on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and oxidative stress biomarkers in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:487-498. [PMID: 37409587 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2223390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Metabolic syndrome is associated with health conditions and neurological disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a protective role on the nervous system. Decreased levels of BDNF have been shown in MetS and neurodegenerative diseases. There is promising evidence regarding the anti-inflammatory antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties of virgin coconut oil (VCO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of VCO consumption on serum BDNF levels, oxidative stress status, and insulin resistance in adults with MetS. METHODS This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 48 adults with MetS aged 20-50 years. The intervention group received 30 ml of VCO daily to substitute the same amounts of oil in their usual diet. The control group continued their usual diet. Serum BDNF levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as HOMA-IR and QUICKI index were measured after four weeks of intervention. RESULTS VCO consumption significantly reduced serum levels of MDA (p = .01), fasting insulin (p < .01) and HOMA-IR index (p < .01) and increased serum TAC (p < .01) and QUICKI index (p = .01) compared to the control group. Serum BDNF levels increased significantly in VCO group compared to the baseline (p = .02); however, this change was not significant when compared to the control group (p = .07). CONCLUSION VCO consumption improved oxidative stress status and insulin resistance and had a promising effect on BDNF levels in adults with MetS. Further studies are needed to understand the long-term effects of VCO consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mansouri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Asghari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Nikooei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Vasheghani-Farahani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center (CPPRC), Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bhardwaj V. Antimicrobial Potential of Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Oil on Bacterial Isolates. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37594604 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2023_786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the in vitro antibacterial activity of coconut oil on selected clinical and pure bacterial isolates. Clinical samples were isolated from the people of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates. Biochemical examination of the microorganisms was done according to standard methods. Pure bacterial cultures were provided from LTA srl Italia. In this research work, an effort has been made to highlight the valuable properties of Cocos nucifera oil, in order to rationalize the use of coconut oil against bacteria. Experiments were performed by agar well diffusion method. Ciprofloxacin was used as a standard antibiotic. The assay of antibacterial activity of clinical isolate of Streptococcus species showed the highest susceptibility to coconut oil while Escherichia coli had the least. This study endorses the use of coconut oil as therapeutic agent since it contains lauric acid which is bactericidal. The utilization of coconut oil should be promoted as a functional food and the use of coconut seed flesh in our diets should be encouraged for health-supporting functions. Further studies should be done on the oil and its derivatives both in vitro and in vivo to unveil their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Bhardwaj
- Environment Laboratories, Ras Al Khaimah Municipality, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
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Abideen Z, Ansari R, Hasnain M, Flowers TJ, Koyro HW, El-Keblawy A, Abouleish M, Khan MA. Potential use of saline resources for biofuel production using halophytes and marine algae: prospects and pitfalls. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1026063. [PMID: 37332715 PMCID: PMC10272829 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1026063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
There exists a global challenge of feeding the growing human population of the world and supplying its energy needs without exhausting global resources. This challenge includes the competition for biomass between food and fuel production. The aim of this paper is to review to what extent the biomass of plants growing under hostile conditions and on marginal lands could ease that competition. Biomass from salt-tolerant algae and halophytes has shown potential for bioenergy production on salt-affected soils. Halophytes and algae could provide a bio-based source for lignoceelusic biomass and fatty acids or an alternative for edible biomass currently produced using fresh water and agricultural lands. The present paper provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges in the development of alternative fuels from halophytes and algae. Halophytes grown on marginal and degraded lands using saline water offer an additional material for commercial-scale biofuel production, especially bioethanol. At the same time, suitable strains of microalgae cultured under saline conditions can be a particularly good source of biodiesel, although the efficiency of their mass-scale biomass production is still a concern in relation to environmental protection. This review summaries the pitfalls and precautions for producing biomass in a way that limits environmental hazards and harms for coastal ecosystems. Some new algal and halophytic species with great potential as sources of bioenergy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Raziuddin Ansari
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maria Hasnain
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Timothy J. Flowers
- Department of Evolution Behaviour and Environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Hans-Werner Koyro
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Research Centre for Bio Systems, Land Use, and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Keblawy
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Abouleish
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammed Ajmal Khan
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Botella-Martínez C, Pérez-Álvarez JÁ, Sayas-Barberá E, Navarro Rodríguez de Vera C, Fernández-López J, Viuda-Martos M. Healthier Oils: A New Scope in the Development of Functional Meat and Dairy Products: A Review. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050778. [PMID: 37238648 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present day, it has been widely established that a high intake of animal fat that contains a high content of saturated fatty acids may cause several life-threatening diseases, including obesity, diabetes-type 2, cardiovascular diseases, as well as several types of cancer. In this context, a great number of health organizations and government agencies have launched campaigns to reduce the saturated fat content in foods, which has prompted the food industry, which is no stranger to this problem, to start working to develop foods with a lower fat content or with a different fatty acid profile. Nevertheless, this is not an easy task due to the fact that saturated fat plays a very important role in food processing and in the sensorial perception of foods. Actually, the best way to replace saturated fat is with the use of structured vegetable or marine oils. The main strategies for structuring oils include pre-emulsification, microencapsulation, the development of gelled emulsions, and the development of oleogels. This review will examine the current literature on the different (i) healthier oils and (ii) strategies that will be potentially used by the food industry to reduce or replace the fat content in several food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Botella-Martínez
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - José Ángel Pérez-Álvarez
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Estrella Sayas-Barberá
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Casilda Navarro Rodríguez de Vera
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Juana Fernández-López
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Manuel Viuda-Martos
- IPOA Research Group, Agro-Food Technology Department, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
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Pavithra V, Janhavi P, Natasha J, Neelam R, Mrityunjaya M, Selvi MK, Ravindra PV. A blend of cod liver oil and virgin coconut oil improves the endurance performance in mice. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-01001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zeng YQ, He JT, Hu BY, Li W, Deng J, Lin QL, Fang Y. Virgin coconut oil: A comprehensive review of antioxidant activity and mechanisms contributed by phenolic compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1052-1075. [PMID: 35997296 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is obtained by processing mature coconut cores with mechanical or natural methods. In recent years, VCO has been widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries because of its excellent functional activities. VCO has biological functions such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral, and also has potential therapeutic effects on many chronic degenerative diseases. Among these functions, the antioxidant is the most basic and important function, which is mainly determined by phenolic compounds and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). This review aims to elucidate the antioxidant functions of each phenolic compound in VCO, and discuss the antioxidant mechanisms of VCO in terms of the role of phenolic compounds with fat, intestinal microorganisms, and various organs. Besides, the composition of VCO and its application in various industries are summarized, and the biological functions of VCO are generalized, which should lay a foundation for further research on the antioxidant activity of VCO and provide a theoretical basis for the development of food additives with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Tao He
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Bo-Yong Hu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qin-Lu Lin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Edible forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
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Maini ZA, Lopez CM. Transitions in bacterial communities across two fermentation-based virgin coconut oil (VCO) production processes. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10154. [PMID: 36042721 PMCID: PMC9420384 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being one of the most used methods of virgin coconut oil (VCO) production, there is no metagenomic study that details the bacterial community shifts during fermentation-based VCO production. The identification and quantification of bacteria associated with coconut milk fermentation is useful for detecting the dominant microbial genera actively involved in VCO production which remains largely undescribed. Describing the constitutive microbial genera involved in this traditional fermentation practice can be used as a preliminary basis for improving industrial practices and developing better fermentation procedures. In this study, we utilized 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing to trace the transitions in microbial community profiles as coconut milk is fermented to release VCO in two VCO production lines. The results show that difference in the microbiome composition between the different processing steps examined in this work was mainly due to the abundance of the Leuconostoc genus in the raw materials and its decline and transition into the lactic acid bacteria groups Weissella, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus during the latter stages of fermentation. A total of 17 genera with relative abundances greater than 0.01% constitute the core microbiome of the two processing lines and account for 74%–97% of the microbial abundance in all coconut-derived samples. Significant correlations were shown through an analysis of the Spearman’s rank between and within the microbial composition and pH at the genus level. The results of the present study show that the dynamics of VCO fermentation rely on the shifts in abundances of various members of the Lactobacillales order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zomesh A Maini
- Department of Biology, School of Science & Engineering, Loyola Schools, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines
| | - Crisanto M Lopez
- Department of Biology, School of Science & Engineering, Loyola Schools, Ateneo de Manila University, Philippines
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Nitbani FO, Tjitda PJP, Nitti F, Jumina J, Detha AIR. Antimicrobial Properties of Lauric Acid and Monolaurin in Virgin Coconut Oil: A Review. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Febri Odel Nitbani
- University of Nusa Cendana Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui 85001 Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia
| | - Putra Jiwamurwa Pama Tjitda
- Health Polytechnic of Kupang Department of Pharmacy Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui 85111 Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia
| | - Fidelis Nitti
- University of Nusa Cendana Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Engineering Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui 85001 Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia
| | - J. Jumina
- Universitas Gadjah Mada Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Sekip Utara 5528 Yogyakarta Indonesia
| | - Annytha Ina Rohi Detha
- University of Nusa Cendana Department of Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui 85001 Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia
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Leng X, Li C, Cai X, Yang Z, Zhang F, Liu Y, Yang G, Wang Q, Fang G, Zhang X. A study on coconut fatty acid diethanolamide-based polyurethane foams. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13548-13556. [PMID: 35527733 PMCID: PMC9069328 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of using coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, a derivate from coconut oil as a bio-based polyol for the synthesis of polyurethane foam was explored. The intrinsic tertiary amine moiety in this polyol (p-CFAD) endowed an auto-catalytic effect in the synthesis process of polyurethane foams, combined with a shorter cream and gelation time compared to the fossil-based polyol 3152. H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) were conducted to characterize the chemical structural features of the p-CFAD, and rheology measurement showed the shear-thinning behavior due to the branched structure. A thermal conductivity comparable to the commercial rigid polyurethane foam was achieved when 40wt% fossil-based polyol 3152 was substituted with the bio-based p-CFAD. With the increased content of the p-CFAD, a transition of the physical properties from rigid PU foam to soft PU foam was observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the occurrence of the interconnected pores on the cell walls with the increase of the added p-CFAD, implying the possibility of regulating the cellular structure and foam properties via the incorporation of the p-CFAD. Results showed the feasibility of using p-CFAD as a potential polyol in the development of bio-based polyurethane foams with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Leng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Cong Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Xiaoxia Cai
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Fengshan Zhang
- Hua Tai Group, Guangrao County Dongying City Shandong China
| | - Yanshao Liu
- Hua Tai Group, Guangrao County Dongying City Shandong China
| | - Guihua Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
| | - Guigan Fang
- Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration Nanjing 210042 China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences) Jinan 250353 China
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A comprehensive review on the techniques for coconut oil extraction and its application. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1807-1818. [PMID: 34009462 PMCID: PMC8132276 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Virgin coconut oil is a useful substance in our daily life. It contains a high percentage of lauric acid which has many health benefits. The current industry has developed several methods to extract the oil out from the coconut fruit. This review paper aims to highlight several common extraction processes used in modern industries that includes cold extraction, hot extraction, low-pressure extraction, chilling, freezing and thawing method, fermentation, centrifugation, enzymatic extraction and supercritical fluid carbon dioxide. Different extraction methods will produce coconut oil with different yields and purities of lauric acid, thus having different uses and applications. Challenges that are faced by the industries in extracting the coconut oil using different methods of extraction are important to be explored so that advancement in the oil extraction technology can be done for efficient downstream processing. This study is vital as it provides insights that could enhance the production of coconut oil.
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