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Lee H, Coulon F, Wagland ST. The influence of humic acid on metal(loid)s leaching in landfill leachate for enhancing landfill mining. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165250. [PMID: 37406696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different concentrations of humic acid on the recovery rate of metal(loid)s in landfill leachate. The study focused on the release of 12 selected metal(loid)s, including critical raw materials (CRM) in landfills that were less than five years old and those that were more than ten years old. The experimental setup involved using different concentrations of humic acid (w/v) (0 %, 0.1 %, and 0.5 %) at pH 4 and 6. The results of the study showed that humic acid was effective in releasing Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb. On the other hand, an increase in humic acid concentration led to a decrease in the release of Li, Mn, and Hg. The immobilization of Li, Mn, and Hg was due to the coordination and adsorption of humic acid. The presence of humic acid accelerated the release of metal(loid)s by carboxylic acidity compared to the recovery rate of metal(loid)s in landfill leachate without humic acid. However, a higher concentration of humic acid did not always result in a stronger recovery rate. The recovery rate of metal(loid)s was related to the solubility and concentration of humic acid. These findings can inform the development of more efficient and environmentally-friendly methods of recovering metal(loid)s using humic acid as a leaching agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - F Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - S T Wagland
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
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Lee H, Coulon F, Beriro DJ, Wagland ST. Recovering metal(loids) and rare earth elements from closed landfill sites without excavation: Leachate recirculation opportunities and challenges. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133418. [PMID: 34968509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal (loids) and Rare Earth Elements (REE) ('metals') are used in a wide range of products, and therefore, the improvement of expectations for everyday comforts with demand continues to grow. Metal-bearing wastes are a secondary source of raw material that can meet this demand by providing a previously unconsidered low impact supply source. Total annual leachate production is 1,056,716 m3. Therefore, landfill leachate emerges as a significant potential resource as it contains high concentrations of metals. However, realising a profitable return on investment for leachate processing is a challenge due to relatively low recovery rates of approximately 0.02% of total heavy metals in a landfill being leached out in 30 years. Variation within the multi-element value and the effect of other chemicals in these complex mixtures. There is a need to better understand the mechanisms and potential applicability of extraction methods for optimising metals recovery from leachate. This paper addresses this need by providing a systematic review of the critical factors and environmental conditions that influence the behaviour of metals within the landfilled waste. The paper provides a synthesis of how the factors and conditions may affect leachate recirculation efficiency for recovery in the context of a range of opportunities and challenges facing circular economy practitioners. To approach feasibility metal recovery economically from landfill leachate without energy-intensive and environmentally destructive, future research actions need to be initiated in lab-based and later on semi-pilot to pilot studies, which the review can help achieve the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lee
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - F Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - D J Beriro
- Digital Laboratories, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
| | - S T Wagland
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK.
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Kamura K, Makita R, Uchiyama R, Tanaka H. Examination of metal sorting and concentration technology in landfill mining -with focus on gravity and magnetic force sorting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 141:147-153. [PMID: 35121500 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study focuses on the recovery of the minor metals contained in waste landfills. We have previously reported on the method of investigating the existing chemical morphology of each element in landfills, creating a high-concentration zone for a specific element, and non-destructively exploring the position of that within the block. In this study, a method for concentrating useful metals from landfills was examined, using samples taken from a concentrated zone. Specifically, the efficiency of physical sorting using gravity and a magnetic force was examined with samples collected from landfills mainly composed of incinerator ash. In the gravity sorting method, the resulting metal concentration is large when the heavy liquid specific gravity is 2.5 or 2.75 g/cm3 and above. Currently, sorting using a heavy liquid with a specific gravity of 2.75-3.0 g/cm3 is effective for increasing the metal concentration of the sample. Magnetic force sorting can efficiently separate metals and non-metals, and is effective as a pretreatment for a more advanced concentration stage. Various substances are mixed within the landfill waste, and several stages of sorting and concentration treatments are required to extract useful minor metals. A physical sorting method, such as the use of gravity or magnetic force is effective for the initial stage processing. Furthermore, when the metal to be extracted has been determined, a more effective concentration method based on the chemical form and characteristics of the target metal will be further examined for these pretreated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kamura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Rumi Makita
- Graduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Japan.
| | - Riho Uchiyama
- School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Fukui Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, Japan.
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Felix CB, Ubando AT, Chen WH, Goodarzi V, Ashokkumar V. COVID-19 and industrial waste mitigation via thermochemical technologies towards a circular economy: A state-of-the-art review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127215. [PMID: 34844348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The increasing awareness of waste circular economy has motivated valorization strategies for minimizing resource consumption and waste production in the private sector. With the rise of various industrial wastes and with the emergence of COVID-19 wastes, a sustainable approach is needed to mitigate the growing concern about wastes. Thermochemical treatment technologies in the form of direct combustion, torrefaction, pyrolysis, and gasification have been identified to have vital roles in the value-creation of various waste streams. Moreover, the alignment of thermochemical processes for waste mitigation concerning the circular economy framework needs to be established. Accordingly, a comprehensive review of the different thermochemical treatment options for industrial and the novel COVID-19 medical wastes streams is conducted in this study. This review focuses on highlighting the instrumental role of thermochemical conversion platforms in achieving a circular economy in the industrial sector. Various strategies in waste mitigation through various thermochemical processes such as management, recovery, reduction, and treatment are discussed. The results show that thermochemical technologies are beneficial in addressing the sustainability concerns on mitigating wastes from the industrial sector and wastes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. This also includes the current issues faced as well as future perspectives of the thermochemical conversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B Felix
- Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines
| | - Aristotle T Ubando
- Mechanical Engineering Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Center for Engineering and Sustainable Development Research, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave, 0922 Manila, Philippines; Thermomechanical Analysis Laboratory, De La Salle University-Manila, Laguna Campus, LTI Spine Road, Laguna Blvd, Biñan, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Wei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan.
| | - Vahabodin Goodarzi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19945-546, Tehran, Iran
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology (PETROMAT), Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Special Issue on “Advanced Technology of Waste Treatment”. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protection of human health and the environment (representing the main reason for waste management), as well as the sustainable use of natural resources, requires chemical, biological, physical and thermal treatment of wastes [...]
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Chen X, Kroell N, Dietl T, Feil A, Greiff K. Influence of long-term natural degradation processes on near-infrared spectra and sorting of post-consumer plastics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 136:213-218. [PMID: 34700161 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The large-amount production and application of plastics since the 1950s has led to different environmental problems, and the production amount is still increasing. In 2015, 79 wt% of all plastic waste was accumulated in landfills or the natural environment. Due to their negative influence to the environment, the problems of landfilling and marine litter need urgent treatments. Accordingly, measures like excavation of landfill sites and ocean clean-ups were conducted to reduce their environmental influences and move further towards a closed loop of material cycles. For a possible recycling, the valuable material fractions need to be separated from other materials. Besides, to ensure a high-quality recycling and enable the different recycling processes of plastics in different degradation levels, it is necessary to separate degraded and non-degraded plastics. In this study, the possibility to classify and sort landfill and marine litter plastics is investigated. For this purpose, waste plastics from different origins (lightweight packaging (LWP) waste, landfill, and marine litter) were collected and analyzed with the state-of-the-art technology in sorting plants: near-infrared spectroscopy. With self-developed programs, the classification possibility and performance was determined. The classification accuracy of degraded plastics (from landfill and marine litter) is improved from > 75% to > 97% through adjusting the sorting recipe. Besides, the long-term degraded plastics under natural environment were able to be separated from LWP waste: the same kind of materials can be classified according to their origin (LWP or after long-term degradation), which makes a quality control possible and enables an extra treatment for degraded plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Chen
- Department of Anthropogenic Material Cycles, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
| | - Nils Kroell
- Department of Anthropogenic Material Cycles, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Tobias Dietl
- Department of Anthropogenic Material Cycles, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Alexander Feil
- Department of Anthropogenic Material Cycles, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Kathrin Greiff
- Department of Anthropogenic Material Cycles, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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Hettiaratchi JPA, Jayasinghe PA, Yarandy TA, Attalage D, Jalilzadeh H, Pokhrel D, Bartholameuz E, Hunte C. Innovative Practices to Maximize Resource Recovery and Minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Landfill Waste Cells: Historical and Recent Developments. J Indian Inst Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-021-00230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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