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Hadi H, Gassoumi B, Nasr S, Safari R, Basha AA, Imran PM, Ghalla H, Caccamo MT, Ayachi S. Design, Transport/Molecular Scale Electronics, Electric Properties, and a Conventional Quantum Study of a New Potential Molecular Switch for Nanoelectronic Devices. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1029-1041. [PMID: 38222547 PMCID: PMC10785780 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the influence of an external electric field applied in two directions: horizontal (X-axis) and vertical (Y-axis) on the electronic and vibrational properties of a field-effect molecular switch, denoted as M. We employed density functional theory and quantum theory of atoms in molecules for this analysis. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curve of molecular switch system M was computed by applying the Landauer formula. The results showed that the switching mechanism depends on the direction of the electric field. When the electric field is applied along the X-axis and its intensity is around 0.01 au, OFF/ON switching mechanisms occur. By utilizing electronic localization functions and localized-orbital locator topological analysis, we observed significant intramolecular electronic charge transfer "back and forth" in Au-M-Au systems when compared to the isolated system. The noncovalent interaction revealed that the Au-M-Au complex is also stabilized by electrostatic interactions. However, if the electric field is applied along the Y-axis, a switching mechanism (OFF/ON) occurs when the electric field intensity reaches 0.008 au. Additionally, the local electronic phenomenological coefficients (Lelec) of this field-effect molecular switch were determined by using the Onsager phenomenological approach. It can also be predicted that the molecular electrical conductance (G) increases as Lelec increases. Finally, the electronic and vibrational properties of the proposed models M and Au-M-Au exhibit a powerful switching mechanism that may potentially be employed in a new generation of electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hadi
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Group, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 6815144316, Iran
| | - Bouzid Gassoumi
- Laboratory
of Advanced Materials and Interfaces (LIMA), Faculty of Sciences,
Avenue of the Environment, University of
Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Samia Nasr
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reza Safari
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Group, University of Qom, Qom 3716146611, Iran
| | - A. Aathif Basha
- Department
of Physics, Islamiah College (Autonomous), Vaniyambadi 635752, India
| | | | - Houcine Ghalla
- Quantum
and Statistical Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Avenue of
the Environment, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Maria Teresa Caccamo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della
Terra, Università di Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres
n°31, Sant’Agata, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Sahbi Ayachi
- Laboratory
of Physico-Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences,
Avenue of the Environment, University of
Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
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2
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Cai ZY, Ma ZW, Wu WK, Lin JD, Pei LQ, Wang JZ, Wu TR, Jin S, Wu DY, Tian ZQ. Stereoelectronic Switches of Single-Molecule Junctions through Conformation-Modulated Intramolecular Coupling Approaches. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9539-9547. [PMID: 37856238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Stereoelectronic effects in single-molecule junctions have been widely utilized to achieve a molecular switch, but high-efficiency and reproducible switching remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate that there are three stable intramolecular conformations in the 9,10-diphenyl-9,10-methanoanthracen-11-one (DPMAO) systems due to steric effect. Interestingly, different electronic coupling approaches including weak coupling (through-space), decoupling, and strong coupling (through-bond) between two terminal benzene rings are accomplished in the three stable conformations, respectively. Theoretical calculations show that the molecular conductance of three stable conformations differs by more than 1 order of magnitude. Furthermore, the populations of the three stable conformations are highly dependent on the solvent effect and the external electric field. Therefore, an excellent molecular switch can be achieved using the DPMAO molecule junctions and external stimuli. Our findings reveal that modulating intramolecular electronic coupling approaches may be a useful manner to enable molecular switches with high switching ratios. This opens up a new route for building high-efficiency molecular switches in single-molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan-Yun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Kai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-De Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Qi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jia-Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Tai-Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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3
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Sun R, Lv J, Xue X, Yu S, Tan Z. Chemical Sensors using Single-Molecule Electrical Measurements. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300181. [PMID: 37080926 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the digitization and informatization of contemporary society, electrical sensors are developing toward minimal structure, intelligent function, and high detection resolution. Single-molecule electrical measurement techniques have been proven to be capable of label-free molecular recognition and detection, which opens a new strategy for the design of efficient single-molecule detection sensors. In this review, we outline the main advances and potentials of single-molecule electronics for qualitative identification and recognition assays at the single-molecule level. Strategies for single-molecule electro-sensing and its main applications are reviewed, mainly in the detection of ions, small molecules, oligomers, genetic materials, and proteins. This review summarizes the remaining challenges in the current development of single-molecule electrical sensing and presents some potential perspectives for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jieyao Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Shiyong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Zhibing Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
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4
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Single-Molecule Chemical Reactions Unveiled in Molecular Junctions. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding chemical processes at the single-molecule scale represents the ultimate limit of analytical chemistry. Single-molecule detection techniques allow one to reveal the detailed dynamics and kinetics of a chemical reaction with unprecedented accuracy. It has also enabled the discoveries of new reaction pathways or intermediates/transition states that are inaccessible in conventional ensemble experiments, which is critical to elucidating their intrinsic mechanisms. Thanks to the rapid development of single-molecule junction (SMJ) techniques, detecting chemical reactions via monitoring the electrical current through single molecules has received an increasing amount of attention and has witnessed tremendous advances in recent years. Research efforts in this direction have opened a new route for probing chemical and physical processes with single-molecule precision. This review presents detailed advancements in probing single-molecule chemical reactions using SMJ techniques. We specifically highlight recent progress in investigating electric-field-driven reactions, reaction dynamics and kinetics, host–guest interactions, and redox reactions of different molecular systems. Finally, we discuss the potential of single-molecule detection using SMJs across various future applications.
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5
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Li C, Yan PJ, Chen Y, Yang R, Sun M. Spectral investigation on single molecular optoelectronics of ladder phenylenes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 278:121283. [PMID: 35537258 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atomic chains and organic conjugated molecules are of great important research value in molecular optoelectronics, due to their special optoelectronic properties. The fully conjugated nature of ladder phenylenes (LPs) provide some unique properties that have potential applications in the fabrication of molecular electronics devices. Our results reveal optoelectronic properties apply density function theory and non-equilibrium green's function theory, including unit-dependent light absorption, Raman scattering, phonon energy band structure, the chemical potential dependent density of states, electrical conductivity, I-V curve, transmission spectrum, etc. Our research provides theoretical guidance for the regulation of light-harvesting regions based on LPs structures, and theoretical support for the design of nano-scale optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pen-Ji Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu Universities, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, PR China
| | - Yichuan Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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6
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Balanced electron flow and the hydrogen bridge energy levels in Pt, Au, or Cu nanojunctions. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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7
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Georgiev A, Deneva V, Yordanov D, Völzer T, Wolter S, Fennel F, Lochbrunner S, Antonov L. Benzothiazol picolin/isonicotinamides molecular switches: Expectations and reality. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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8
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Xie X, Li P, Xu Y, Zhou L, Yan Y, Xie L, Jia C, Guo X. Single-Molecule Junction: A Reliable Platform for Monitoring Molecular Physical and Chemical Processes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3476-3505. [PMID: 35179354 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring and manipulating the physical and chemical behavior of single molecules is an important development direction of molecular electronics that aids in understanding the molecular world at the single-molecule level. The electrical detection platform based on single-molecule junctions can monitor physical and chemical processes at the single-molecule level with a high temporal resolution, stability, and signal-to-noise ratio. Recently, the combination of single-molecule junctions with different multimodal control systems has been widely used to explore significant physical and chemical phenomena because of its powerful monitoring and control capabilities. In this review, we focus on the applications of single-molecule junctions in monitoring molecular physical and chemical processes. The methods developed for characterizing single-molecule charge transfer and spin characteristics as well as revealing the corresponding intrinsic mechanisms are introduced. Dynamic detection and regulation of single-molecule conformational isomerization, intermolecular interactions, and chemical reactions are also discussed in detail. In addition to these dynamic investigations, this review discusses the open challenges of single-molecule detection in the fields of physics and chemistry and proposes some potential applications in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yanxia Xu
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Yong Yan
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Linghai Xie
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, PR China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, PR China
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9
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Lin B, Karki I, Pellechia PJ, Shimizu KD. Electrostatically-gated molecular rotors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5869-5872. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00512c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control molecular-scale motion using electrostatic interactions was demonstrated using an N-phenylsuccinimide molecular rotor with an electrostatic pyridyl-gate. Protonation of the pyridal-gate forms stabilizing electrostatic interactions in the...
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10
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Sand AM, Malme JT, Hoy EP. A multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory-based approach to molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:114115. [PMID: 34551556 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their small size and unique properties, single-molecule electronics have long seen research interest from experimentalists and theoreticians alike. From a theoretical standpoint, modeling these systems using electronic structure theory can be difficult due to the importance of electron correlation in the determination of molecular properties, and this electron correlation can be computationally expensive to consider, particularly multiconfigurational correlation energy. In this work, we develop a new approach for the study of single-molecule electronic systems, denoted NEGF-MCPDFT, which combines multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory (MCPDFT) with the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism (NEGF). The use of MCPDFT with NEGF allows for the efficient inclusion of both static and dynamic electron correlations in the description of the junction's electronic structure. Complete active space self-consistent field wave functions are used as references in the MCPDFT calculation, and as with any active space method, effort must be made to determine the proper orbital character to include in the active space. We perform conductance and transmission calculations on a series of alkanes (predominantly single-configurational character) and benzyne (multiconfigurational character), exploring the role that active space selection has on the computed results. For the alkane junctions explored (where dynamic electron correlation dominates), the MCPDFT-NEGF results agree well with the DFT-NEGF results. For the benzyne junction (which has a significant static correlation), we see clear differences in the MCPDFT-NEGF and DFT-NEGF results and evidence that NEGF-MCPDFT is capturing additional electron correlation effects beyond those provided by the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Sand
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, USA
| | - Justin T Malme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA
| | - Erik P Hoy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, USA
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11
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Chiang KR, Tang YH. Effect of Contact Geometry on Spin Transport in Amine-Ended Single-Molecule Magnetic Junctions. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:19386-19391. [PMID: 34368525 PMCID: PMC8340092 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We employ the first-principles calculation with non-equilibrium Green's function method to comprehensively investigate the crucial role of interfacial geometry in spin transport properties of Co/1,4-benzenediamine (BDA)/Co single-molecule magnetic junctions (SMMJs). Two bonding mechanisms are proposed for the hard-hard Co-N coupling: (1) the covalent bonding between the H-dissociated amine linker and spin-polarized Co apex atoms and (2) the dative interaction between the H-non-dissociated (denoted by +H) amine linker and Co apex atoms. The former covalent contact dominates the π-resonance interfacial spin selection that can be well preserved in H-dissociated cases regardless of the choice of top, bridge, and hollow contact sites. From our detailed analyses of spin-polarized transmission spectra, local density of states, and molecular density of states, the underlying mechanism is that the strong hybridization between Co-d, N-p y , and the π-orbital of the phenyl ring in dissociated cases renders the 2-fold HOMO (4-fold LUMO) of the central molecule closer to the Fermi energy. In contrast, the enlarged Co-N bond length of the latter dative contact in the H-non-dissociated case not only destroys the spinterface coupling but also blocks the spin injection. This theoretical work may provide vital and practical insights to illustrate the spin transport property in real amine-ended SMMJs since the contact geometries and interfacial bond mechanisms remain unclear during the breaking junction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Rong Chiang
- Department of Physics, National
Central University, Jung-Li 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Tang
- Department of Physics, National
Central University, Jung-Li 32001, Taiwan
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12
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Bennett TLR, Wilkinson LA, Lok JMA, O’Toole RCP, Long NJ. Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Optical Properties of Highly Conjugated Alkynyl-Ferrocenes and -Biferrocenes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Troy L. R. Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRH, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Luke A. Wilkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Jasmine M. A. Lok
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | | | - Nicholas J. Long
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, MSRH, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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13
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Ohto T, Tashiro A, Seo T, Kawaguchi N, Numai Y, Tokumoto J, Yamaguchi S, Yamada R, Tada H, Aso Y, Ie Y. Single-Molecule Conductance of a π-Hybridized Tripodal Anchor while Maintaining Electronic Communication. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006709. [PMID: 33338317 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct hybridization between the π-orbital of a conjugated molecule and metal electrodes is recognized as a new anchoring strategy to enhance the electrical conductance of single-molecule junctions. The anchor is expected to maintain direct hybridization between the conjugated molecule and the metal electrodes, and control the orientation of the molecule against the metal electrodes. However, fulfilling both requirements is difficult because multipodal anchors aiming at a robust contact with the electrodes often break the π-conjugation, thereby resulting in an inefficient carrier transport. Herein, a new tripodal anchor framework-a 7,7-diphenyl-7H-benzo[6,7]indeno[1,2-b]thiophene (PBIT) derivative-is developed. In this framework, π-conjugation is maintained in the molecular junction, and the tripodal structure makes the molecule stand upright on the metal electrode. Molecular conductance is measured by the break junction technique. A vector-based classification and first-principles transport calculations determine the single-molecule conductance of the tripodal-anchoring structure. The conductance of the PBIT-based molecule is higher than that of the tripodal anchor having sp3 carbon atoms in the carrier transport pathway. These results demonstrate that extending the π-conjugation to the tripodal leg is an effective strategy for enhancing the conductivities of single-molecule junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Aya Tashiro
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takuji Seo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Nana Kawaguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuichi Numai
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Junpei Tokumoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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14
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Georgiev A, Antonov L. 8-(Pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-7-ol as a Platform for Conjugated Proton Cranes: A DFT Structural Design. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11100901. [PMID: 33003325 PMCID: PMC7601234 DOI: 10.3390/mi11100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical design of conjugated proton cranes, based on 7-hydroxyquinoline as a tautomeric sub-unit, has been attempted by using ground and excited state density functional theory (DFT) calculations in various environments. The proton crane action request existence of a single enol tautomer in ground state, which under excitation goes to the excited keto tautomer through a series of consecutive excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) steps with the participation of the crane sub-unit. A series of substituted pyridines was used as crane sub-units and the corresponding donor-acceptor interactions were evaluated. The results suggest that the introduction of strong electron donor substituents in the pyridine ring creates optimal conditions for 8-(pyridin-2-yl)quinolin-7-ols to act as proton cranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Georgiev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Liudmil Antonov
- Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
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15
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Gunasekaran S, Reed DA, Paley DW, Bartholomew AK, Venkataraman L, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C. Single-Electron Currents in Designer Single-Cluster Devices. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14924-14932. [PMID: 32809814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Atomically precise clusters can be used to create single-electron devices wherein a single redox-active cluster is connected to two macroscopic electrodes via anchoring ligands. Unlike single-electron devices comprising nanocrystals, these cluster-based devices can be fabricated with atomic precision. This affords an unprecedented level of control over the device properties. Herein, we design a series of cobalt chalcogenide clusters with varying ligand geometries and core nuclearities to control their current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in a scanning tunneling microscope-based break junction (STM-BJ) device. First, the device geometry is modified by precisely positioning junction-anchoring ligands on the surface of the cluster. We show that the I-V characteristics are independent of ligand placement, confirming a sequential, single-electron tunneling mechanism. Next, we chemically fuse two clusters to realize a larger cluster dimer that behaves as a single electronic unit, possessing a smaller reorganization energy and more accessible redox states than the monomeric analogues. As a result, dimer-based devices exhibit significantly higher currents and can even be pushed to current saturation at high bias. Owing to these controllable properties, single-cluster junctions serve as an excellent platform for exploring incoherent charge transport processes at the nanoscale. With this understanding, as well as properties such as nonlinear I-V characteristics and rectification, these molecular clusters may function as conductive inorganic nodes in new devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gunasekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Douglas A Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States.,Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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16
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Plaszkó NL, Rakyta P, Cserti J, Kormányos A, Lambert CJ. Quantum Interference and Nonequilibrium Josephson Currents in Molecular Andreev Interferometers. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1033. [PMID: 32481631 PMCID: PMC7420291 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We study the quantum interference (QI) effects in three-terminal Andreev interferometers based on polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) under non-equilibrium conditions. The Andreev interferometer consists of a PAH coupled to two superconducting and one normal conducting terminals. We calculate the current measured in the normal lead as well as the current between the superconducting terminals under non-equilibrium conditions. We show that both the QI arising in the PAH cores and the bias voltage applied to a normal contact have a fundamental effect on the charge distribution associated with the Andreev Bound States (ABSs). QI can lead to a peculiar dependence of the normal current on the superconducting phase difference that was not observed in earlier studies of mesoscopic Andreev interferometers. We explain our results by an induced asymmetry in the spatial distribution of the electron- and hole-like quasiparticles. The non-equilibrium charge occupation induced in the central PAH core can result in a π transition in the current-phase relation of the supercurrent for large enough applied bias voltage on the normal lead. The asymmetry in the spatial distribution of the electron- and hole-like quasiparticles might be used to split Cooper pairs and hence to produce entangled electrons in four terminal setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel L. Plaszkó
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1095, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary; (N.L.P.); (P.R.); (J.C.)
| | - Peter Rakyta
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1095, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary; (N.L.P.); (P.R.); (J.C.)
| | - József Cserti
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1095, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary; (N.L.P.); (P.R.); (J.C.)
| | - Andor Kormányos
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1095, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary; (N.L.P.); (P.R.); (J.C.)
| | - Colin J. Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
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17
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Liu B, Yokota K, Komoto Y, Tsutsui M, Taniguchi M. Thermally activated charge transport in carbon atom chains. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11001-11007. [PMID: 32270842 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport through single molecules is at the heart of molecular electronics for realizing the practical use of the rich quantum characteristics of electrode-molecule-electrode systems. Despite the extensive studies reported in the past, little experimental efforts have been focused on the electron transport mechanism at a temperature higher than the ambient temperature. In this work, we have reported the observation of the subtle interplay between electron tunneling and charge hopping in carbon chains connected to two Au electrodes at elevated temperatures. We measured the single-molecule conductance of Au-alkanedithiol-Au molecular junctions at various temperatures from 300 K to 420 K in vacuum. The temperature dependence of conductance suggested substantial roles of superexchange with inter-chain charge hopping under elevated temperatures for alkane chains longer than heptane. This finding provides a guide to design functional molecular junctions under practical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Kazumichi Yokota
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Komoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Makusu Tsutsui
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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18
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Xu Y, Wang M, Fang C, Cui B, Ji G, Zhao W, Liu D, Wang C, Qin M. Lateral scaling and positioning effects of top-gate electrodes on single-molecule field-effect transistors. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:285302. [PMID: 30952153 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronics aims at integrating controllable molecular devices into circuits or machines to realize certain functions. According to device configuration, molecular field-effect transistors with top-gate electrodes have great advantages for integration. Nevertheless, from technical aspects, it is difficult to control lateral scale and position of a top-gate electrode precisely. Therefore, one problem arises in how lateral scaling and positioning effects of a top-gate electrode affect device performance. To solve this problem, the electronic transport properties of single-molecule field-effect transistor configurations modulated by a series of partial-scale top-gate electrodes with different lateral scales and positions are studied by using non-equilibrium Green's function in combination with density functional theory, and compared with those of the full gate electrode (can be considered as a bottom gate electrode). The results show that lateral scaling and positioning effects indeed have a great impact on electronic transport properties of single-molecule field-effect transistor configurations. For [Formula: see text]-saturated 1,12-dodecanedithiol devices, larger lateral scale of a partial-scale top-gate electrode obtains larger amplification coefficient [Formula: see text] (ratio of device conductances with/without a gate electrode), and even larger [Formula: see text] than that of the full gate electrode. While lateral positioning effect has little influence on this device. For [Formula: see text]-conjugated 1,3,5,7,9,11-dodehexaene-1,12-dithiol devices, performance of a partial-scale top-gate electrode mainly depends on locations of its two edges, i.e. the number of [Formula: see text] bonds that it breaks. These results will provide theoretical directions in device designing and manufacturing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Xu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
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Taniguchi M. Paving the way to single-molecule chemistry through molecular electronics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9641-9650. [PMID: 31062773 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00264b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since our understanding of single-molecule junctions, in which single molecules are connected between nanoelectrodes, has deepened, we have paved the way to single-molecule chemistry. Herein, we review fundamental properties, including the number of molecules connected to the electrode, their structure and type, the bonding force between the single molecule and electrode and the thermopower and quantum interference in single-molecule junctions. Additionally, we review the application of single-molecule junctions to biomolecules. Finally, we explore single-molecule chemical reaction analysis, which is one direction of single-molecule junction research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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20
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Alqahtani J, Sadeghi H, Sangtarash S, Lambert CJ. Breakdown of Curly Arrow Rules in Anthraquinone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15065-15069. [PMID: 30208251 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling quantum interference (QI) in single molecules is fundamental to the development of QI-based single-molecule electronics. Simple rules such as counting rules, curly arrow rules (CARs), circuit rules, and more recently magic ratio rules have been developed to predict QI patterns in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. CARs are widely used to predict destructive QI. Here we examine the validity of CARs in fully conjugated anthracene and dihydroxyanthracene, cross-conjugated anthraquinone, and broken conjugated dihydroanthracene attached to either graphene or gold electrodes through π-π stacking or thiol and Au-C anchors. For the first time, we demonstrate that CARs break down in molecular junctions formed by cross-conjugated anthraquinone. In contrast with the destructive QI predicted by CARs for a meta-connected anthraquinone core, we demonstrate that QI is constructive. This behavior is independent of the choice of electrode material or anchor groups. This is significant, because by changing the redox state of meta-connected dihydroxyanthracene to form meta-connected anthraquinone, the conductance of the junction increases by a couple of orders of magnitude due to the crossover from constructive to destructive QI. This opens new avenues for realization of QI-based single-molecule switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Alqahtani
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
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21
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Alqahtani J, Sadeghi H, Sangtarash S, Lambert CJ. Breakdown of Curly Arrow Rules in Anthraquinone. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Physics DepartmentLancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YB UK
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22
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Olavarría-Contreras IJ, Etcheverry-Berríos A, Qian W, Gutiérrez-Cerón C, Campos-Olguín A, Sañudo EC, Dulić D, Ruiz E, Aliaga-Alcalde N, Soler M, van der Zant HSJ. Electric-field induced bistability in single-molecule conductance measurements for boron coordinated curcuminoid compounds. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6988-6996. [PMID: 30210774 PMCID: PMC6124902 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02337a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the single-molecule conductance of a family of curcuminoid molecules (CCMs) using the mechanically controlled break junction (MCBJ) technique. The CCMs under study contain methylthio (MeS-) as anchoring groups: MeS-CCM (1), the free-ligand organic molecule, and two coordination compounds, MeS-CCM-BF2 (2) and MeS-CCM-Cu (3), where ligand 1 coordinates to a boron center (BF2 group) and to a CuII moiety, respectively. We found that the three molecules present stable molecular junctions allowing detailed statistical analysis of their electronic properties. Compound 3 shows a slight increase in the conductance with respect to free ligand 1, whereas incorporation of BF2 (compound 2) promotes the presence of two conductance states in the measurements. Additional experiments with control molecules point out that this bistability is related to the combination of MeS- anchoring groups and the BF2 moiety within the structure of the molecules. Theoretical calculations show that this can be explained by the presence of two conformers once compound 2 is anchored between the gold electrodes. An energy minimum is found for a flat structure but there is a dramatic change in the magnitude and orientation of dipole moment (favouring a non-flat conformer in the presence of an external electric field) due to a conformational change of one of the terminal MeS- groups. The results thus point to an intricate interplay between the applied bias voltage and the molecule dipole moment which could be the basis for designing new molecules aiming at controlling their conformation in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alvaro Etcheverry-Berríos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Biotecnología y Materiales , Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile .
| | - Wenjie Qian
- ICMAB-CSIC (Institut de Ciència dels Materials de Barcelona) , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain .
| | - Cristian Gutiérrez-Cerón
- Departamento de Física , Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Aldo Campos-Olguín
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Biotecnología y Materiales , Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile .
| | - E Carolina Sañudo
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica , Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645 , 08028 , Barcelona , Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia , Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645 , 08028 , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Diana Dulić
- Departamento de Física , Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Av. Blanco Encalada 2008 , Santiago , Chile
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica , Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645 , 08028 , Barcelona , Spain
- Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional , Universitat de Barcelona , Diagonal 645 , E-08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Núria Aliaga-Alcalde
- ICMAB-CSIC (Institut de Ciència dels Materials de Barcelona) , Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra , Spain .
- ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats) , Passeig Lluís Companys, 23 , 08018 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Monica Soler
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Biotecnología y Materiales , Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas , Universidad de Chile , Beauchef 851 , Santiago , Chile .
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience , Delft University of Technology , Lorentzweg 1 , Delft 2628 CJ , The Netherlands .
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23
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Isshiki Y, Fujii S, Nishino T, Kiguchi M. Fluctuation in Interface and Electronic Structure of Single-Molecule Junctions Investigated by Current versus Bias Voltage Characteristics. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3760-3767. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Isshiki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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24
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Taniguchi M. Single-Molecule Analysis Methods Using Nanogap Electrodes and Their Application to DNA Sequencing Technologies. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047
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25
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Makarenko KS, Liu Z, de Jong MP, Zwanenburg FA, Huskens J, van der Wiel WG. Bottom-Up Single-Electron Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1702920. [PMID: 28922482 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As the downscaling of conventional semiconductor electronics becomes more and more challenging, the interest in alternative material systems and fabrication methods is growing. A novel bottom-up approach for the fabrication of high-quality single-electron transistors (SETs) that can easily be contacted electrically in a controllable manner is developed. This approach employs the self-assembly of Au nanoparticles forming the SETs, and Au nanorods forming the leads to macroscopic electrodes, thus bridging the gap between the nano- and microscale. Low-temperature electron-transport measurements reveal exemplary single-electron tunneling characteristics. SET behavior can be significantly changed, post-fabrication, using molecular exchange of the tunnel barriers, demonstrating the tunability of the assemblies. These results form a promising proof of principle for the versatility of bottom-up nanoelectronics, and toward controlled fabrication of nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Makarenko
- NanoElectronics Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Zhihua Liu
- NanoElectronics Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel P de Jong
- NanoElectronics Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Floris A Zwanenburg
- NanoElectronics Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular NanoFabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Wilfred G van der Wiel
- NanoElectronics Group MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500, AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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26
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Kaur RP, Sawhney RS, Engles D. First principle electron transport modeling of Be-doped organic molecular junctions. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 75:199-208. [PMID: 28586702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The transport properties of beryllium doped anthracene molecular junction are investigated using density functional non-equillibrium Green's function method. The equilibrium conductance of anthracene Metal-molecule-Metal (MmM) junction increases by approximately 77% by adding beryllium impurity to it. The electronic transport characteristics under both zero bias as well as finite bias are explored of such molecular junction. We observe novel attributes such as molecular rectification and NDR behavior for the molecular junction under consideration. It is found that the doping effect of Be- atom significantly changes the transport properties of aromatic molecular junction. Our findings shed light on the electron transport metrics that affect the conductance of MmM junctions within appreciable transmission limits. We firmly believe that the results deduced in this paper can be generalized for other aromatic molecular junctions as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupan Preet Kaur
- Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
| | | | - Derick Engles
- Department of Electronics Technology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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27
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Advance of Mechanically Controllable Break Junction for Molecular Electronics. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:61. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Abstract
We investigated reversible switching behaviors of a molecular floating-gate single-electron transistor (MFG-SET). The device consists of a gold nanoparticle-based SET and a few tetra-tert-butyl copper phthalocyanine (ttbCuPc) molecules; each nanoparticle (NP) functions as a Coulomb island. The ttbCuPc molecules function as photoreactive floating gates, which reversibly change the potential of the Coulomb island depending on the charge states induced in the ttbCuPc molecules by light irradiation or by externally applied voltages. We found that single-electron charging of ttbCuPc leads to a potential shift in the Coulomb island by more than half of its charging energy. The first induced device state was sufficiently stable; the retention time was more than a few hours without application of an external voltage. Moreover, the device exhibited an additional state when irradiated with 700 nm light, corresponding to doubly charged ttbCuPc. The life time of this additional state was several seconds, which is much shorter than that of the first induced state. These results clearly demonstrate an alternative method utilizing the unique functionality of the single molecule in nanoelectronics devices, and the potential application of MFG-SETs for investigating molecular charging phenomena.
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29
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Li WQ, Huang B, Huang ML, Peng LL, Hong ZW, Zheng JF, Chen WB, Li JF, Zhou XS. Detecting Electron Transport of Amino Acids by Using Conductance Measurement. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040811. [PMID: 28394265 PMCID: PMC5422172 DOI: 10.3390/s17040811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The single molecular conductance of amino acids was measured by a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) break junction. Conductance measurement of alanine gives out two conductance values at 10−1.85 G0 (1095 nS) and 10−3.7 G0 (15.5 nS), while similar conductance values are also observed for aspartic acid and glutamic acid, which have one more carboxylic acid group compared with alanine. This may show that the backbone of NH2–C–COOH is the primary means of electron transport in the molecular junction of aspartic acid and glutamic acid. However, NH2–C–COOH is not the primary means of electron transport in the methionine junction, which may be caused by the strong interaction of the Au–SMe (methyl sulfide) bond for the methionine junction. The current work reveals the important role of the anchoring group in the electron transport in different amino acids junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Bing Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Miao-Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Lin-Lu Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Ze-Wen Hong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Wen-Bo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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30
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Etcheverry-Berríos A, Olavarría I, Perrin ML, Díaz-Torres R, Jullian D, Ponce I, Zagal JH, Pavez J, Vásquez SO, van der Zant HSJ, Dulić D, Aliaga-Alcalde N, Soler M. Multiscale Approach to the Study of the Electronic Properties of Two Thiophene Curcuminoid Molecules. Chemistry 2016; 22:12808-18. [PMID: 27458818 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the electronic and conductance properties of two thiophene-curcuminoid molecules, 2-thphCCM (1) and 3-thphCCM (2), in which the only structural difference is the position of the sulfur atoms in the thiophene terminal groups. We used electrochemical techniques as well as UV/Vis absorption studies to obtain the values of the HOMO-LUMO band gap energies, showing that molecule 1 has lower values than 2. Theoretical calculations show the same trend. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of these molecules were studied by using electrochemistry, showing that the interaction with gold reduces drastically the HOMO-LUMO gap in both molecules to almost the same value. Single-molecule conductance measurements show that molecule 2 has two different conductance values, whereas molecule 1 exhibits only one. Based on theoretical calculations, we conclude that the lowest conductance value, similar in both molecules, corresponds to a van der Waals interaction between the thiophene ring and the electrodes. The one order of magnitude higher conductance value for molecule 2 corresponds to a coordinate (dative covalent) interaction between the sulfur atoms and the gold electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Etcheverry-Berríos
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Beaucheff 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Olavarría
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mickael L Perrin
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Raúl Díaz-Torres
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona-ICMAB (Institute of MaterialsScience of Barcelona)-CSIC, Diagonal 645, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domingo Jullian
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Beaucheff 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ingrid Ponce
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo Ohiggins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - José H Zagal
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo Ohiggins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Pavez
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo Ohiggins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio O Vásquez
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Beaucheff 851, Santiago, Chile
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Dulić
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Av. Blanco 2008, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Núria Aliaga-Alcalde
- ICREA Researcher (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats) at the ICMAB-CSIC, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Monica Soler
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Beaucheff 851, Santiago, Chile.
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Zobač V, Lewis JP, Jelínek P. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamic simulations of opening reaction of molecular junctions. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:285202. [PMID: 27255903 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/28/285202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report non-adiabatic molecular dynamic simulations of the ring opening reaction of diarylethene (DAE) derivative molecules, both free standing and embedded between gold electrodes. Simulations are performed by the surface hopping method employing density functional theory. Typically, the free-standing molecules exhibit large quantum yields to open and close; however the process is quenched for the molecules embedded between electrodes. Our simulations reveal the importance of the DAE side chemical groups, which explain the efficiency of the quenching process. Namely, delocalization of the LUMO state contributes to electronic coupling between the molecule and electrodes, suppressing or enhancing the reaction process. The simulations indicate that a proper choice of the chemical side group, which provides the strong localization of the LUMO state, can substantially diminish the quenching mechanism. Additionally, we analyze a strong dependency of the quantum yield of the opening reaction coming from the mechanical strength of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladmír Zobač
- Institute of Physic, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Cukrovarnická 10, CZ-16200, Prague, Czech Republic. Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Břehová 10, CZ-11519, Prague, Czech Republic
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32
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Ofarim A, Kopp B, Möller T, Martin L, Boneberg J, Leiderer P, Scheer E. Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:767-75. [PMID: 27335765 PMCID: PMC4902067 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a novel method to determine the thermopower of atomic-sized gold contacts at low temperature. For these measurements a mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) system is used and a laser source generates a temperature difference of a few kelvins across the junction to create a thermo-voltage. Since the temperature difference enters directly into the Seebeck coefficient S = -ΔV/ΔT, the determination of the temperature plays an important role. We present a method for the determination of the temperature difference using a combination of a finite element simulation, which reveals the temperature distribution of the sample, and the measurement of the resistance change due to laser heating of sensor leads on both sides next to the junction. Our results for the measured thermopower are in agreement with recent reports in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Ofarim
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bastian Kopp
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Möller
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - León Martin
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johannes Boneberg
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Paul Leiderer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Elke Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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33
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Xiang D, Wang X, Jia C, Lee T, Guo X. Molecular-Scale Electronics: From Concept to Function. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4318-440. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 816] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key
Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute
of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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34
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Charge Transport and Electrical Properties of Spin Crossover Materials: Towards Nanoelectronic and Spintronic Devices. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry2010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Heptanuclear [FeIII6CrIII]3+ Complexes Experimentally Studied by Means of Magnetometry, X-ray Diffraction, XAS, XMCD and Spin-Polarized Electron Spectroscopy in Cross-Comparison with [MnIII6CrIII]3+ Single-Molecule Magnets. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Sporrer J, Chen J, Wang Z, Thuo MM. Revealing the Nature of Molecule-Electrode Contact in Tunneling Junctions Using Raw Data Heat Maps. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4952-8. [PMID: 26618717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic understanding of charge transport through molecular tunnel junctions requires reproducible and statistically relevant data sets. This challenge has been overcome by development of large area junctions, especially those based on liquid-metal physi-sorbed top-electrodes, such as eutectic gallium-indium. A challenge with these junctions, however, is an inability to diagnose the quality of contact between the top-electrode and the SAMs. Since tunneling currents are dependent on the distance between the two electrodes, we demonstrate that by analyzing all raw unfitted data derived from a measurement using heat-maps, one can deduce the quality of contact and other minor bias-dependent fluctuations in the charge transport behavior. We demonstrate that the use of 3D plots would be challenging to interpret, but adoption of heat maps clearly captures details on junction quality irrespective of the total size of the data set or molecules used. We propose representation of raw data, rather than reliance on statistics, as proof of quality junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sporrer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
- Micro-electronic Research Center, Iowa State University , 133 Applied Sciences Complex I, 1925 Scholl Road, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
| | - Martin M Thuo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University , 2220 Hoover Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
- Micro-electronic Research Center, Iowa State University , 133 Applied Sciences Complex I, 1925 Scholl Road, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
- Biopolymer and Bio-composites Research Team, Center for Bioplastics and Bio-composites, Iowa State University , 1041 Food Sciences Building, Ames, Iowa 50011 United States
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37
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Nakamura M, Yoshida S, Katayama T, Taninaka A, Mera Y, Okada S, Takeuchi O, Shigekawa H. Mechanically activated switching of Si-based single-molecule junction as imaged with three-dimensional dynamic probe. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8465. [PMID: 26439280 PMCID: PMC5426520 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and extracting the full functions of single-molecule characteristics are key factors in the development of future device technologies, as well as in basic research on molecular electronics. Here we report a new methodology for realizing a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic probe of single-molecule conductance, which enables the elaborate 3D analysis of the conformational effect on molecular electronics, by the formation of a Si/single molecule/Si structure using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). The formation of robust covalent bonds between a molecule and Si electrodes, together with STM-related techniques, enables the stable and repeated control of the conformational modulation of the molecule. By 3D imaging of the conformational effect on a 1,4-diethynylbenzene molecule, a binary change in conductance with hysteresis is observed for the first time, which is considered to originate from a mechanically activated conformational change. Mechanically induced conformational modulation can be used to control the conductance of single molecules junctions, but it is hard to be realized due to broken junctions. Here, the authors probe three-dimensional dynamics of Si/single-molecule/Si junctions, whose conductance shows a binary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nakamura
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Shoji Yoshida
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomoki Katayama
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Atsushi Taninaka
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mera
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2122, Japan
| | - Susumu Okada
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hidemi Shigekawa
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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38
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Ie Y, Tanaka K, Tashiro A, Lee SK, Testai HR, Yamada R, Tada H, Aso Y. Thiophene-based Tripodal Anchor Units for Hole Transport in Single-Molecule Junctions with Gold Electrodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3754-3759. [PMID: 26722752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecule-metal junctions are inevitable for the realization of single-molecule electronics. In this study, we developed new tripodal anchors with electron-rich aromatic rings to achieve robust contact with gold electrodes, an effective hybridization of the π orbital with gold electrodes (π channel), and hole transport through π-channel hybridization. Cyclic voltammetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of the monolayers indicated that the thiophene-based tripodal molecule exhibits anchoring characteristics as expected. The electrical conductance of thiophene-anchored bistripodal molecules using the scanning tunneling microscope (STM)-based break junction technique confirmed the formation of molecular junctions. The Seebeck coefficient of this compound estimated from thermoelectric voltage measurements using a STM was determined to be a positive value, which indicates that the charge carriers are holes. On the contrary, the corresponding pyridine-anchored molecules showed electron transport. These results reveal the versatility of π-channel tripodal anchors for the control of charge-carrier type in single-molecule electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanaka
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Aya Tashiro
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - See Kei Lee
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Henrique Rosa Testai
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering (IEM), Universidade Federal de Itajubá , 1303 Bairro Pinheirinho, Itajubá, Minas Gerais 37500 903, Brasil
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aso
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Sadeghi H, Sangtarash S, Lambert CJ. Electron and heat transport in porphyrin-based single-molecule transistors with electro-burnt graphene electrodes. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1413-20. [PMID: 26199845 PMCID: PMC4505091 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the charge and thermal transport properties of a porphyrin-based single-molecule transistor with electro-burnt graphene electrodes (EBG) using the nonequilibrium Green's function method and density functional theory. The porphyrin-based molecule is bound to the EBG electrodes by planar aromatic anchor groups. Due to the efficient π-π overlap between the anchor groups and graphene and the location of frontier orbitals relative to the EBG Fermi energy, we predict HOMO-dominated transport. An on-off ratio as high as 150 is predicted for the device, which could be utilized with small gate voltages in the range of ±0.1 V. A positive thermopower of +280 μV/K is predicted for the device at the theoretical Fermi energy. The sign of the thermopower could be changed by tuning the Fermi energy. By gating the junction and changing the Fermi energy by +10 meV, this can be further enhanced to +475 μV/K. Although the electrodes and molecule are symmetric, the junction itself can be asymmetric due to different binding configurations at the electrodes. This can lead to rectification in the current-voltage characteristic of the junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatef Sadeghi
- Quantum Technology Centre, Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- Quantum Technology Centre, Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Quantum Technology Centre, Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
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40
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Tsutsui M, Morikawa T, He Y, Arima A, Taniguchi M. High thermopower of mechanically stretched single-molecule junctions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11519. [PMID: 26112999 PMCID: PMC4481826 DOI: 10.1038/srep11519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-molecule-metal junction is a promising candidate for thermoelectric applications that utilizes quantum confinement effects in the chemically defined zero-dimensional atomic structure to achieve enhanced dimensionless figure of merit ZT. A key issue in this new class of thermoelectric nanomaterials is to clarify the sensitivity of thermoelectricity on the molecular junction configurations. Here we report simultaneous measurements of the thermoelectric voltage and conductance on Au-1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT)-Au junctions mechanically-stretched in-situ at sub-nanoscale. We obtained the average single-molecule conductance and thermopower of 0.01 G0 and 15 μV/K, respectively, suggesting charge transport through the highest occupied molecular orbital. Meanwhile, we found the single-molecule thermoelectric transport properties extremely-sensitive to the BDT bridge configurations, whereby manifesting the importance to design the electrode-molecule contact motifs for optimizing the thermoelectric performance of molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makusu Tsutsui
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takanori Morikawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yuhui He
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Akihide Arima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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41
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Vacek J, Chocholoušová JV, Stará IG, Starý I, Dubi Y. Mechanical tuning of conductance and thermopower in helicene molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8793-8802. [PMID: 25905658 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Helicenes are inherently chiral polyaromatic molecules composed of all-ortho fused benzene rings possessing a spring-like structure. Here, using a combination of density functional theory and tight-binding calculations, it is demonstrated that controlling the length of the helicene molecule by mechanically stretching or compressing the molecular junction can dramatically change the electronic properties of the helicene, leading to a tunable switching behavior of the conductance and thermopower of the junction with on/off ratios of several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, control over the helicene length and number of rings is shown to lead to more than an order of magnitude increase in the thermopower and thermoelectric figure-of-merit over typical molecular junctions, presenting new possibilities of making efficient thermoelectric molecular devices. The physical origin of the strong dependence of the transport properties of the junction is investigated, and found to be related to a shift in the position of the molecular orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Vacek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Metzger
- Laboratory for Molecular
Electronics, Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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43
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Fujii S, Tada T, Komoto Y, Osuga T, Murase T, Fujita M, Kiguchi M. Rectifying Electron-Transport Properties through Stacks of Aromatic Molecules Inserted into a Self-Assembled Cage. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5939-47. [PMID: 25900686 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic stacks formed through self-assembly are promising building blocks for the construction of molecular electronic devices with adjustable electronic functions, in which noncovalently bound π-stacks act as replaceable modular components. Here we describe the electron-transport properties of single-molecule aromatic stacks aligned in a self-assembled cage, using scanning probe microscopic and break junction methods. Same and different modular aromatic pairs are noncovalently bound and stacked within the molecular cage holder, which leads to diverse electronic functions. The insertion of same pairs induces high electronic conductivity (10(-3)-10(-2) G0, G0 = 2e(2)/h), while different pairs develop additional electronic rectification properties. The rectification ratio was, respectively, estimated to be 1.4-2 and >10 in current-voltage characteristics and molecular orientation-dependent conductance measurements at a fixed bias voltage. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that this rectification behavior originates from the distinct stacking order of the internal aromatic components against the electron-transport direction and the corresponding lowest unoccupied molecular orbital conduction channels localized on one side of the molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fujii
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8511, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Tada
- ‡Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-S2-13 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yuki Komoto
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8511, Japan
| | - Takafumi Osuga
- §Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Murase
- ∥Department of Material and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- §Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- †Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8511, Japan
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44
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Najafpour J, Monajjemi M, Aghaie H, Zare K. The Chemical Electronic Properties of PNP Molecular Transistor Based on (4,3) Chiral Carbon Nanotube. FULLERENES NANOTUBES AND CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1536383x.2013.771174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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45
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Hunley DP, Boland MJ, Strachan DR. Integrated nanotubes, etch tracks, and nanoribbons in crystallographic alignment to a graphene lattice. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:813-818. [PMID: 25522261 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes, few-layer graphene, and etch tracks exposing insulating SiO2 regions are integrated into nanoscale systems with precise crystallographic orientations. These integrated systems consist of nanotubes grown across nanogap etch tracks and nanoribbons formed within the few-layer graphene films. This work is relevant to the integration of semiconducting, conducting, and insulating nanomaterials together into precise intricate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Patrick Hunley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky, 40506, USA
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46
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Morikawa T, Arima A, Tsutsui M, Taniguchi M. Thermoelectric voltage measurements of atomic and molecular wires using microheater-embedded mechanically-controllable break junctions. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8235-8241. [PMID: 24930503 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We developed a method for simultaneous measurements of conductance and thermopower of atomic and molecular junctions by using a microheater-embedded mechanically-controllable break junction. We find linear increase in the thermoelectric voltage of Au atomic junctions with the voltage added to the heater. We also detect thermopower oscillations at several conductance quanta reflecting the quantum confinement effects in the atomic wire. Under high heater voltage conditions, on the other hand, we observed a peculiar behaviour in the conductance dependent thermopower, which was ascribed to a disordered contact structure under elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Morikawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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Sun L, Diaz-Fernandez YA, Gschneidtner TA, Westerlund F, Lara-Avila S, Moth-Poulsen K. Single-molecule electronics: from chemical design to functional devices. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7378-411. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of single molecules in electronics represents the next limit of miniaturisation of electronic devices, which would enable to continue the trend of aggressive downscaling of silicon-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Yuri A. Diaz-Fernandez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Tina A. Gschneidtner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Samuel Lara-Avila
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology
- MC2
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- , Sweden
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Dubi Y. Dynamical coupling and negative differential resistance from interactions across the molecule-electrode interface in molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:154710. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4825157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Xiang D, Jeong H, Lee T, Mayer D. Mechanically controllable break junctions for molecular electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4845-67. [PMID: 23913697 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) represents a fundamental technique for the investigation of molecular electronic junctions, especially for the study of the electronic properties of single molecules. With unique advantages, the MCBJ technique has provided substantial insight into charge transport processes in molecules. In this review, the techniques for sample fabrication, operation and the various applications of MCBJs are introduced and the history, challenges and future of MCBJs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Tsuji Y, Semoto T, Yoshizawa K. A Bipodal Dicyano Anchor Unit for Single-Molecule Spintronic Devices. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2470-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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