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Ranjbari S, Almahmeed W, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Advancements in biosensor technologies for fibrinogen detection in cardiovascular disorders. Talanta 2024; 280:126687. [PMID: 39126966 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate identification of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are crucial for timely medical interventions and improved patient outcomes. Fibrinogen (Fib) has emerged as a valuable biomarker for CVDs, playing a significant role in their early detection. Elevated levels of Fib are associated with an increased risk of developing CVD, highlighting its importance for more precise diagnosis and effective treatment strategies. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in developing biosensor-based approaches for detecting Fib, offering high sensitivity and specificity. This review aims to explore the impact of Fib on cardiovascular conditions, assess the current advancements, and discuss the future potential of biosensors in Fib research for diagnosing cardiovascular disorders. Furthermore, we evaluate various biosensor techniques, including optical, electrochemical, electronic, and gravimetric methods, in terms of their utility for measuring Fib in clinical samples such as serum, plasma, whole blood, and other body fluids. A comparative analysis of these techniques is conducted based on their performance characteristics. By providing a comprehensive overview of the relationship between Fib and cardiovascular ailments, this review aims to clarify the advancements in biosensor technology for Fib detection. The comparison of different biosensor techniques will aid researchers and clinicians in selecting the most suitable approach for their specific diagnostic needs. Ultimately, integrating biosensors into clinical practice has the potential to revolutionize the detection and management of CVDs, leading to improved patient care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ranjbari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Si L, Wu Q, Jin Y, Wang Z. Research progress in the detection of trace heavy metal ions in food samples. Front Chem 2024; 12:1423666. [PMID: 38867762 PMCID: PMC11168114 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1423666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Food safety is the basis for ensuring human survival and development. The threat of heavy metal ions to food safety has become a social concern with the rapid growth of the economy and the accompanying environmental pollution. Some heavy metal ions are highly toxic even at trace levels and pose significant health risks to humans. Therefore, ultrasensitive detection of heavy metal ions in food samples is important. In this mini-review, recent advances in the analytical methods based on nanomaterials for detecting trace heavy metal ions in food samples are summarized in three categories: electrochemical, colorimetric, and fluorescent methods. We present the features and sensing mechanisms of these three methods, along with typical examples to illustrate their application in the detection of heavy metal ions in foods. This mini-review ends with a discussion of current challenges and future prospects of these approaches for sensing heavy metal ions. The review will help readers understand the principles of these methods, thereby promoting the development of new analytical methods for the detection of heavy metal ions in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yulong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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An P, Yang J, Wang T, Lu S, Wang D, Wang Z, Sun CL, Qin C, Li J. Layer-by-layer assembly of homopolypeptide polyelectrolytes on asymmetric nanochannels for the detection of nickel ions. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:2654-2660. [PMID: 38623688 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nickel stands out as one of the prevalent heavy metal ionic pollutants found in water. It is urgent to devise a simple, efficient, budget-friendly, highly-selective and proficient method for detecting Ni(II). This work reports an approach to design a nanofluidic diode for the ultrasensitive and label-free detection of nickel ions based on layer-by-layer assembly of polyarginine (PA) and polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on the inner surface of asymmetric nanochannels. We can tune the adsorption/desorption characteristics of the asymmetric nanochannels for Ni2+ by adjusting the pH changes, i.e., the PA-γ-PGA modified nanochannels adsorb Ni2+ at pH 6 and desorb at pH 3 in aqueous solution. This pivotal adjustment facilitates the reusable and specific detection of nickel ions with a detection limit of 1 × 10-8 M. Moreover, the system demonstrates commendable stability and recyclability, enhancing its practical applicability. This innovative system holds promise for recognizing and detecting nickel ions in diverse environments such as water, blood, and cells. The robust performance and adaptability of our proposed system instill confidence in its potential for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengrong An
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Jincan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Tianming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Saiwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Dehao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuoyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Chun-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, No. 222, Tianshui Road (South), Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanguang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, No. 127, Youyi Road (West), Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710072, P. R. China.
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Jung YK, Son MH. Polydiacetylene-based aptasensors for rapid and specific colorimetric detection of malignant exosomes. Talanta 2024; 268:125342. [PMID: 37918246 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes (50-150 nm) play significant biological functions in intercellular communication and transportation of diverse biomolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids. In particular, malignant exosomes have received a great deal of attention as possible indicators for cancer detection and treatment. To swiftly and precisely identify malignant exosomes from normal exosomes in diverse bodily fluids, we developed polydiacetylene (PDA)-based aptasensors with distinct optical features exhibiting color shift in response to biological recognition. To identify epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM) overexpressed on the surface of malignant exosomes, anti-EpCAM aptamer-conjugated diacetylene monomer (TCDA-Apt) was synthesized and used to create anti-EpCAM aptamer-conjugated PDA (anti-EpCAM Apt-PDA) vesicles. In just 15 min following the reaction with malignant exosomes, the anti-EpCAM Apt-PDA vesicles underwent a visible color change from blue to purple. They showed high specificity to EpCAM-positive malignant exosomes over non-malignant exosomes, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and fibrinogen. Moreover, its effectiveness in the point-of-care (POC) detection of malignant exosomes was evaluated using human sera. Therefore, our PDA-based aptasensors have tremendous potential for on-site cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Jung
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea; School of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Hyeong Son
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea
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Liu H, Fu Y, Yang R, Guo J, Guo J. Surface plasmonic biosensors: principles, designs and applications. Analyst 2023; 148:6146-6160. [PMID: 37921208 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors have been widely used in environmental monitoring, food contamination detection and diagnosing medical conditions due to their superior sensitivity, label-free detection and rapid analysis speed. This paper briefly elaborates on the development history of SPR technology and introduces SPR signal sensing principles. A summary of recent applications of SPR sensors in different fields is highlighted, including their figures of merit and limitations. Finally, the personal perspectives and future development trends about sensor preparation and design are discussed in detail, which may be critical for improving the performance of SPR sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yusheng Fu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongzhi Yang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuchuan Guo
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
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Sequeira-Antunes B, Ferreira HA. Nucleic Acid Aptamer-Based Biosensors: A Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3201. [PMID: 38137422 PMCID: PMC10741014 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aptamers, short strands of either DNA, RNA, or peptides, known for their exceptional specificity and high binding affinity to target molecules, are providing significant advancements in the field of health. When seamlessly integrated into biosensor platforms, aptamers give rise to aptasensors, unlocking a new dimension in point-of-care diagnostics with rapid response times and remarkable versatility. As such, this review aims to present an overview of the distinct advantages conferred by aptamers over traditional antibodies as the molecular recognition element in biosensors. Additionally, it delves into the realm of specific aptamers made for the detection of biomarkers associated with infectious diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolomic and neurological disorders. The review further elucidates the varying binding assays and transducer techniques that support the development of aptasensors. Ultimately, this review discusses the current state of point-of-care diagnostics facilitated by aptasensors and underscores the immense potential of these technologies in advancing the landscape of healthcare delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sequeira-Antunes
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Exotictarget, 4900-378 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores-Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias (INESC-MN), 1000-029 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Alexandre Ferreira
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Exotictarget, 4900-378 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
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7
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Li Z. Split ring multiband refractive index cancer sensor based on terahertz radiation. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:8558-8566. [PMID: 38037969 DOI: 10.1364/ao.500531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
A design of a multiband terahertz (THz) metamaterial biosensor for early cancer detection is proposed. The THz biosensor composed of several arc-shaped connecting parts operates at three different frequencies, and the absorptivity of the three resonant frequencies exceeds 99% in free space. In this work, we analyzed the absorption spectrum and polarization independence under different design parameters, improved the performance of the sensor by adjusting the absorption characteristics of the sensor, and gave the calculation results. Additionally, we studied the influence of the refractive index and thickness of different samples on the sensor, and theoretically calculated the sensitivity of the sensor to basal cells, breast cells, cervical cells, and their corresponding cancer cells. The result shows that the maximum sensitivity of the sensor can reach 642.5 GHz/RIU, which is much higher than the reported biosensors. Therefore, the proposed THz sensor has great potential in early detection and early warning of cancer.
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Mahdiani M, Rouhani S, Zahedi P. Synthesis, Solvatochromism and Fluorescence Quenching Studies of Naphthalene Diimide Dye by Nano graphene oxide. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2003-2014. [PMID: 36964846 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
A naphthalene diimide dye with two side amine arm was prepared. Uv-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques are used for their photophysical and solvatochromic characteristics in different solvents. The Lippert-Mataga plot for naphthalene diimide demonstrated a negative linear dependence by increasing polarity. Results showed naphthalene diimide is more polar in the ground than in the excited state. A quenching study was conducted for interacting the naphthalene diimide as a fluorophore and graphene oxide as a quencher. Fluorescence quenching-based platforms in nanoscale have been used in sensing systems. Raman, FTIR, Uv-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques were used to study the quenching mechanism. The results indicated that graphene plays an effective quencher against the naphthalene diimide, with a quenching efficiency 91%. The Stern-Volmer analysis results show a mix of static and dynamic quenching mechanisms. The binding constant of the quencher-fluorophore and the number of binding sites have been reported. Thermodynamic parameters of their interaction were evaluated. The negative values of the Gibbs free energy confirm that the complexation process is spontaneous. Meanwhile, the positive entropy value confirms that the favorable pathway process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Mahdiani
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Shohre Rouhani
- Department of Organic Colorant, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
- Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technology, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Payam Zahedi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran.
- Nano-Biopolymers Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Rashid M, Kouser R, Arjmand F, Tabassum S. New graphene oxide-loaded probe as a highly selective fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of iron ions in water samples using optical methods. OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 142:114077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.optmat.2023.114077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
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10
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Hu Z, Long W, Liu T, Guan Y, Lei G, Suo Y, Jia M, He J, Chen H, She Y, Fu H. A sensitive fluorescence sensor based on a glutathione modified quantum dot for visual detection of copper ions in real samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 294:122517. [PMID: 36868024 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu2+), as a heavy metal, accumulates in the human body to a certain extent, which can induce various diseases and endanger human health. Rapid and sensitive detection of Cu2+ is highly desired. In present work, a glutathione modified quantum dot (GSH-CdTe QDs) was synthesized and applied in a "turn-off" fluorescence probe to detect Cu2+. The fluorescence of GSH-CdTe QDs could be rapidly quenched in the presence of Cu2+ through aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), resulting from the interaction between the surface functional groups of GSH-CdTe QDs and Cu2+ and the electrostatic attraction. In the range of 20-1100 nM, the Cu2+ concentration showed a good linear relationship with the fluorescence decline of the sensor, and the LOD is 10.12 nM, which was lower than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defined limit (20 μM). Moreover, aiming to attain visual analysis, colorimetric method was also used for rapidly detecting Cu2+ by capturing the change in fluorescence color. Interestingly, the proposed approach has successfully been applied for the detection of Cu2+ in real samples (i.e., environment water, food and traditional Chinese medicine) with satisfactory results, which provides a promising strategy for the detection of Cu2+ in practical application with the merits of being rapid, simple and sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Hu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Wanjun Long
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Tingkai Liu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yuting Guan
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guanghua Lei
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yixin Suo
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Mengguo Jia
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jieling He
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Hengye Chen
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
| | - Haiyan Fu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Hu T, Lai Q, Fan W, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Advances in Portable Heavy Metal Ion Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4125. [PMID: 37112466 PMCID: PMC10143460 DOI: 10.3390/s23084125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions, one of the major pollutants in the environment, exhibit non-degradable and bio-chain accumulation characteristics, seriously damage the environment, and threaten human health. Traditional heavy metal ion detection methods often require complex and expensive instruments, professional operation, tedious sample preparation, high requirements for laboratory conditions, and operator professionalism, and they cannot be widely used in the field for real-time and rapid detection. Therefore, developing portable, highly sensitive, selective, and economical sensors is necessary for the detection of toxic metal ions in the field. This paper presents portable sensing based on optical and electrochemical methods for the in situ detection of trace heavy metal ions. Progress in research on portable sensor devices based on fluorescence, colorimetric, portable surface Raman enhancement, plasmon resonance, and various electrical parameter analysis principles is highlighted, and the characteristics of the detection limits, linear detection ranges, and stability of the various sensing methods are analyzed. Accordingly, this review provides a reference for the design of portable heavy metal ion sensing.
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Park JH, Eom YS, Kim TH. Recent Advances in Aptamer-Based Sensors for Sensitive Detection of Neurotransmitters. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040413. [PMID: 37185488 PMCID: PMC10136356 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increased demand for highly sensitive and selective biosensors for neurotransmitters, owing to advancements in science and technology. Real-time sensing is crucial for effective prevention of neurological and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarise the latest progress in aptamer-based biosensor technology, which offers the aforementioned advantages. Our focus is on various biomaterials utilised to ensure the optimal performance and high selectivity of aptamer-based biosensors. Overall, this review aims to further aptamer-based biosensor technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Ha Park
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sik Eom
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Cui P, Xue Y. Edge carboxylation-induced charge separation dynamics of graphene quantum dot/cellulose nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120190. [PMID: 36876805 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dot (GQD)@cellulose nanocomposites possess optoelectronic properties of interest for photovoltaic applications. However, the optoelectronic properties related to the shapes and edge types of GQDs have not been fully explored. In the present work, we investigate the effects of carboxylation on the energy alignment and charge separation dynamics at the interface of GQD@cellulose nanocomposites using density functional theory calculations. Our results show that the GQD@cellulose nanocomposites composed of hexagonal GQDs with armchair edges exhibit better photoelectric performance than those composed of other types of GQDs. Carboxylation stabilizes the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the triangular GQDs with armchair edges but destabilizes the HOMO energy level of cellulose, resulting in hole transfer from the GQDs to cellulose upon photoexcitation. However, the calculated hole transfer rate is lower than the nonradiative recombination rate because excitonic effects dominate the dynamics of charge separation in GQD@cellulose nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- School of New Materials and Shoes & Clothing Engineering, Liming Vocational University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, P.R. China; Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan Xue
- Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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Saud A, Saleem H, Munira N, Shahab AA, Rahman Siddiqui H, Zaidi SJ. Sustainable Preparation of Graphene Quantum Dots for Metal Ion Sensing Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:148. [PMID: 36616057 PMCID: PMC9823882 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been extensively studied in water treatment and sensing applications because of their exceptional structure-related properties, intrinsic inert carbon property, eco-friendly nature, etc. This work reported on the preparation of GQDs from the ethanolic extracts of eucalyptus tree leaves by a hydrothermal treatment technique. Different heat treatment times and temperatures were used during the hydrothermal treatment technique. The optical, morphological, and compositional analyses of the green-synthesized GQDs were carried out. It can be noted that the product yield of GQDs showed the maximum yield at a reaction temperature of 300 °C. Further, it was noted that at a treatment period of 480 min, the greatest product yield of about 44.34% was attained. The quantum yields of prepared GQDs obtained after 480 min of treatment at 300 °C (named as GQD/300) were noted to be 0.069. Moreover, the D/G ratio of GQD/300 was noted to be 0.532 and this suggested that the GQD/300 developed has a nano-crystalline graphite structure. The TEM images demonstrated the development of GQD/300 with sizes between 2.0 to 5.0 nm. Furthermore, it was noted that the GQD/300 can detect Fe3+ in a very selective manner, and hence the developed GQD/300 was successfully used for the metal ion sensing application.
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Kurniawan D, Sharma N, Rahardja MR, Cheng YY, Chen YT, Wu GX, Yeh YY, Yeh PC, Ostrikov KK, Chiang WH. Plasma Nanoengineering of Bioresource-Derived Graphene Quantum Dots as Ultrasensitive Environmental Nanoprobes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52289-52300. [PMID: 36349361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental contamination and energy shortage are among the most critical global issues that require urgent solutions to ensure sustainable ecological balance. Rapid and ultrasensitive monitoring of water quality against pollutant contaminations using a low-cost, easy-to-operate, and environmentally friendly technology is a promising yet not commonly available solution. Here, we demonstrate the effective use of plasma-converted natural bioresources for environmental monitoring. The energy-efficient microplasmas operated at ambient conditions are used to convert diverse bioresources, including fructose, chitosan, citric acid, lignin, cellulose, and starch, into heteroatom-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with controlled structures and functionalities for applications as fluorescence-based environmental nanoprobes. The simple structure of citric acid enables the production of monodispersed 3.6 nm averaged-size GQDs with excitation-independent emissions, while the saccharides including fructose, chitosan, lignin, cellulose, and starch allow the synthesis of GQDs with excitation-dependent emissions due to broader size distribution. Moreover, the presence of heteroatoms such as N and/or S in the chemical structures of chitosan and lignin coupled with the highly reactive species generated by the plasma facilitates the one-step synthesis of N, S-codoped GQDs, which offer selective detection of toxic environmental contaminants with a low limit of detection of 7.4 nM. Our work provides an insight into the rapid and green fabrication of GQDs with tunable emissions from natural resources in a scalable and sustainable manner, which is expected to generate impact in the environmental safety, energy conversion and storage, nanocatalysis, and nanomedicine fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Michael Ryan Rahardja
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Teng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Xian Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics and QUT Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland4000, Australia
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10607, Taiwan
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Abbas Q, Shinde PA, Abdelkareem MA, Alami AH, Mirzaeian M, Yadav A, Olabi AG. Graphene Synthesis Techniques and Environmental Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7804. [PMID: 36363396 PMCID: PMC9658785 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is fundamentally a two-dimensional material with extraordinary optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. It has a versatile surface chemistry and large surface area. It is a carbon nanomaterial, which comprises sp2 hybridized carbon atoms placed in a hexagonal lattice with one-atom thickness, giving it a two-dimensional structure. A large number of synthesis techniques including epitaxial growth, liquid phase exfoliation, electrochemical exfoliation, mechanical exfoliation, and chemical vapor deposition are used for the synthesis of graphene. Graphene prepared using different techniques can have a number of benefits and deficiencies depending on its application. This study provides a summary of graphene preparation techniques and critically assesses the use of graphene, its derivates, and composites in environmental applications. These applications include the use of graphene as membrane material for the detoxication and purification of water, active material for gas sensing, heavy metal ions detection, and CO2 conversion. Furthermore, a trend analysis of both synthesis techniques and environmental applications of graphene has been performed by extracting and analyzing Scopus data from the past ten years. Finally, conclusions and outlook are provided to address the residual challenges related to the synthesis of the material and its use for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaisar Abbas
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- School of Engineering, Computing & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
| | - Pragati A. Shinde
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Minya 61519, Egypt
| | - Abdul Hai Alami
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mojtaba Mirzaeian
- School of Engineering, Computing & Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue, 71, Almaty 050012, Kazakhstan
| | - Arti Yadav
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Abdul Ghani Olabi
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Mechanical Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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17
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Sadrabadi EA, Khosravi F, Benvidi A, Shiralizadeh Dezfuli A, Khashayar P, Khashayar P, Azimzadeh M. Alprazolam Detection Using an Electrochemical Nanobiosensor Based on AuNUs/Fe-Ni@rGO Nanocomposite. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:945. [PMID: 36354454 PMCID: PMC9687846 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite all the psychological advantages of alprazolam, its long list of toxic properties and interactions has caused concern and highlighted the need for a reliable sensing method. In this study, we developed a simple, highly sensitive electrochemical nanobiosensor to determine the desirable dose of alprazolam, averting the undesirable consequences of overdose. Gold nanourchins (AuNUs) and iron-nickel reduced graphene oxide (Fe-Ni@rGO) were immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode, which was treated beforehand. The electrode surface was characterized using cyclic voltammetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The fabricated sensor showed two linear ranges (4 to 500 µg L-1 and 1 to 50 mg L-1), low limit of detection (1 µg L-1), high sensitivity, good repeatability, and good recovery. Increased -OH and carboxyl (-COOH) groups on the electrode surface, resulting in improved the adsorption of alprazolam and thus lower limit of detection. This nanobiosensor could detect alprazolam powder dissolved in diluted blood serum; we also studied other benzodiazepine drugs (clonazepam, oxazepam, and diazepam) with this nanobiosensor, and results were sensible, with a significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Khosravi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915173143, Iran
| | - Ali Benvidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd 8915818411, Iran
| | - Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439957131, Iran
- Ronash Technology Pars Company, Tehran 1439817435, Iran
| | - Pouria Khashayar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G3 8QP, UK
| | - Patricia Khashayar
- Center for Microsystem Technology, Imec and Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915173143, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8916877391, Iran
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8916877391, Iran
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18
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Halicka K, Meloni F, Czok M, Spychalska K, Baluta S, Malecha K, Pilo MI, Cabaj J. New Trends in Fluorescent Nanomaterials-Based Bio/Chemical Sensors for Neurohormones Detection-A Review. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:33749-33768. [PMID: 36188279 PMCID: PMC9520559 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The study of neurotransmitters and stress hormones allows the determination of indicators of the current stress load in the body. These species also create a proper strategy of stress protection. Nowadays, stress is a general factor that affects the population, and it may cause a wide range of serious disorders. Abnormalities in the level of neurohormones, caused by chronic psychological stress, can occur in, for instance, corporate employees, health care workers, shift workers, policemen, or firefighters. Here we present a new nanomaterials-based sensors technology development for the determination of neurohormones. We focus on fluorescent sensors/biosensors that utilize nanomaterials, such as quantum dots or carbon nanomaterials. Nanomaterials, owing to their diversity in size and shape, have been attracting increasing attention in sensing or bioimaging. They possess unique properties, such as fluorescent, electronic, or photoluminescent features. In this Review, we summarize new trends in adopting nanomaterials for applications in fluorescent sensors for neurohormone monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Halicka
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Francesca Meloni
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of
Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mateusz Czok
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Spychalska
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Baluta
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karol Malecha
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria I. Pilo
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of
Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Joanna Cabaj
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Faculty of Microsystem Electronics and Photonics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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19
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Malik R, Joshi N, Tomer VK. Functional graphitic carbon (IV) nitride: A versatile sensing material. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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A Review on Graphene Quantum Dots for Electrochemical Detection of Emerging Pollutants. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2223-2236. [PMID: 36042154 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots which are known as zero-dimensional materials are gaining increasing attention from researchers all over the world. This is predicated upon their relatively unique chemiluminescent, fluorescent, electrochemiluminescent, and electronic properties. The precise mechanism of electrochemiluminescence continues to be a subject of debate in the research world, and this is important in identifying synthetic pathways for graphene quantum dots. Heavy metals and other emerging pollutants are global health and environmental concerns. Several studies have reported the sensitivity and limit of detection of graphene quantum dots up to the nano-, pico-, and femto- levels when used as sensors. This review seeks to bridge information gaps on the reported electrochemiluminescence chemosensors for emerging pollutants using graphene quantum dots under the sub-headings, synthesis, characterization, electrochemiluminescence chemosensor detection, and comparison with other detection methods.
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21
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Dorontic S, Bonasera A, Scopelliti M, Markovic O, Bajuk Bogdanović D, Ciasca G, Romanò S, Dimkić I, Budimir M, Marinković D, Jovanovic S. Gamma-Ray-Induced Structural Transformation of GQDs towards the Improvement of Their Optical Properties, Monitoring of Selected Toxic Compounds, and Photo-Induced Effects on Bacterial Strains. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12152714. [PMID: 35957147 PMCID: PMC9370814 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Structural modification of different carbon-based nanomaterials is often necessary to improve their morphology and optical properties, particularly the incorporation of N-atoms in graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Here, a clean, simple, one-step, and eco-friendly method for N-doping of GQDs using gamma irradiation is reported. GQDs were irradiated in the presence of the different ethylenediamine (EDA) amounts (1 g, 5 g, and 10 g) and the highest % of N was detected in the presence of 10 g. N-doped GQDs emitted strong, blue photoluminescence (PL). Photoluminescence quantum yield was increased from 1.45, as obtained for non-irradiated dots, to 7.24% for those irradiated in the presence of 1 g of EDA. Modified GQDs were investigated as a PL probe for the detection of insecticide Carbofuran (2,2-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate) and herbicide Amitrole (3-amino-1,2,4-triazole). The limit of detection was 5.4 μmol L-1 for Carbofuran. For the first time, Amitrole was detected by GQDs in a turn-off/turn-on mechanism using Pd(II) ions as a quenching agent. First, Pd(II) ions were quenched (turn-off) PL of GQDs, while after Amitrole addition, PL was recovered linearly with Amitrole concentration (turn-on). LOD was 2.03 μmol L-1. These results suggest that modified GQDs can be used as an efficient new material for Carbofuran and Amitrole detection. Furthermore, the phototoxicity of dots was investigated on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. When bacterial cells were exposed to different GQD concentrations and illuminated with light of 470 nm wavelength, the toxic effects were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sladjana Dorontic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aurelio Bonasera
- Department of Physics and Chemistry—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Palermo Research Unit, Viale delle Scienze, Bld. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Scopelliti
- Department of Physics and Chemistry—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Palermo Research Unit, Viale delle Scienze, Bld. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Olivera Markovic
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 11158 Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sabrina Romanò
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 11158 Rome, Italy
| | - Ivica Dimkić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Budimir
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Marinković
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Jovanovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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22
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Revesz IA, Hickey SM, Sweetman MJ. Metal ion sensing with graphene quantum dots: detection of harmful contaminants and biorelevant species. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4346-4362. [PMID: 35616384 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are attractive materials for use as highly selective and sensitive chemical sensors, owing to their simple preparation and affordability. GQDs have been successfully deployed as sensors for toxic metal ions, which is a significant issue due to the ever-increasing environmental contamination from agricultural and industrial activities. Despite the success of GQDs in this area, the mechanisms which underpin GQD-metal ion specificity are rarely explored. This lack of information can result in difficulties when attempting to replicate published procedures and can limit the judicious design of new highly selective GQD sensors. Furthermore, there is a dearth of GQD examples which selectively detect biologically relevant alkali and alkaline earth metals. This review will present the current state of GQDs as metal ion sensors for harmful contaminants, highlighting and discussing the discrepancies that exist in the proposed mechanisms regarding metal ion selectivity. The emerging field of GQD sensors for biorelevant metal ion species will also be reviewed, with a perspective to the future of this highly versatile material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella A Revesz
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Martin J Sweetman
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
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23
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Evaluation of Structural and Optical Properties of Graphene Oxide-Polyvinyl Alcohol Thin Film and Its Potential for Pesticide Detection Using an Optical Method. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, graphene oxide (GO)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites thin film has been successfully synthesized and prepared by spin coating techniques. Then, the properties and morphology of the samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Experimental FTIR results for GO–PVA thin film demonstrated the existence of important functional groups such as -CH2 stretching, C=O stretching, and O–H stretching. Furthermore, UV-Vis analysis indicated that the GO–PVA thin film had the highest absorbance that can be observed at wavelengths ranging from 200 to 500 nm with a band gap of 4.082 eV. The surface morphology of the GO–PVA thin film indicated the thickness increased when in contact with carbaryl. The incorporation of the GO–PVA thin film with an optical method based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon demonstrated a positive response for the detection of carbaryl pesticide as low as 0.02 ppb. This study has successfully proposed that the GO–PVA thin film has high potential as a polymer nanomaterial-based SPR sensor for pesticide detection.
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24
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Park JH, Cho YW, Kim TH. Recent Advances in Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors for Sensitive Optical Detection of Pathogens. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12030180. [PMID: 35323450 PMCID: PMC8946561 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of science and technology has led to the recent development of highly sensitive pathogen biosensing techniques. The effective treatment of pathogen infections requires sensing technologies to not only be sensitive but also render results in real-time. This review thus summarises the recent advances in optical surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor technology, which possesses the aforementioned advantages. Specifically, this technology allows for the detection of specific pathogens by applying nano-sized materials. This review focuses on various nanomaterials that are used to ensure the performance and high selectivity of SPR sensors. This review will undoubtedly accelerate the development of optical biosensing technology, thus allowing for real-time diagnosis and the timely delivery of appropriate treatments as well as preventing the spread of highly contagious pathogens.
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25
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Zhou H, Yang C, Liao M, Li M, Diao N, Wu S, Wang J. Exploring the mechanism of CdTe quantum dots as fluorescent probe to detect Hg(II) ion from the perspectives of fluorescence polarization and light scattering. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Javanbakht S, Khodkari V, Nazeri MT, Shaabani A. Efficient anchoring CuO nanoparticles on Ugi four-component-functionalized graphene quantum dots: Colloidal soluble nanoplatform with great photoluminescent and antibacterial properties. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00455g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, sustainable functionalization of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) obtained citric acid via a neoteric green, facile, and straightforward approach for effectively anchoring CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and accordingly...
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27
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Hassani S, Maghsoudi AS, Akmal MR, Shoeibi S, Ghadipasha F, Mousavi T, Ganjali MR, Hosseini R, Abdollahi M. A novel approach to design electrochemical aptamer-based biosensor for ultrasensitive detecting of zearalenone as a prevalent estrogenic mycotoxin. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:5881-5894. [PMID: 34906054 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211214165814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zearalenone is a well-known estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species, a serious threat to the agricultural and food industries worldwide. Zearalenone, with its known metabolites, are biomarkers of exposure to certain fungi, primarily through food. It has considerable toxic effects on biological systems due to its carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, renal toxicity, teratogenicity, and immunotoxicity. INTRODUCTION This study aims to design a simple, quick, precise, and cost-effective method on a biosensor platform to evaluate the low levels of this toxin in foodstuffs and agricultural products. METHODS An aptamer-based electrochemical biosensor was introduced that utilizes screen-printed gold electrodes instead of conventional electrodes. The electrode position process was employed to develop a gold nanoparticle-modified surface to enhance the electroactive surface area. Thiolated aptamers were immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles, and subsequently, the blocker and analyte were added to the modified surface. In the presence of a redox probe, electrochemical characterization of differential pulse voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the various stages of aptasensor fabrication. RESULTS The proposed aptasensor for zearalenone concentration had a wide linear dynamic range covering the 0.5 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL with a 0.14 pg/mL detection limit. Moreover, this aptasensor had high specificity so that a non-specific analyte cannot negatively affect the selectivity of the aptasensor. CONCLUSION Overall, due to its simple design, high sensitivity, and fast performance, this aptasensor showed a high potential for assessing zearalenone in real samples, providing a clear perspective for designing a portable and cost-effective device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Armin Salek Maghsoudi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Milad Rezaei Akmal
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran
| | - Shahram Shoeibi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghadipasha
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Taraneh Mousavi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran
| | - Rohollah Hosseini
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), the Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
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Chen W, Gao J, Tian J, Zhang J. In Situ Femtosecond-Laser-Induced Fluorophores on Surface of Polyvinyl Alcohol for H 2O/Co 2+ Sensing and Data Security. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7755. [PMID: 34833830 PMCID: PMC8625953 DOI: 10.3390/s21227755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In situ fluorophores were induced on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) bulk materials by direct femtosecond laser writing. The generation of fluorophores was ascribed to localized laser-assisted carbonization. The carbonization of PVA polymers was confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The distinct fluorescence responses of fluorophores in various solutions were harnessed for implementing in situ reagent sensors, metal ion sensors, data encryption, and data security applications. The demonstrated water detection sensor in acetone exhibited a sensitivity of 3%. Meanwhile, a data encryption scheme and a "burn after reading" technique were demonstrated by taking advantage of the respective reversible and irreversible switching properties of the in situ laser-induced fluorophores. Taking a step further, a quantitative cobalt ion measurement was demonstrated based on the concentration-dependent fluorescence recovery. Combined with a laser-induced hydrophilic modification, our scheme could enable "lab-on-a-chip" microfluidics sensors with arbitrary shape, varied flow delay, designed reaction zones, and targeted functionalities in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingyu Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.C.); (J.G.); (J.T.)
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Sensing Methods for Hazardous Phenolic Compounds Based on Graphene and Conducting Polymers-Based Materials. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has been known for years that the phenolic compounds are able to exert harmful effects toward living organisms including humans due to their high toxicity. Living organisms were exposed to these phenolic compounds as they were released into the environment as waste products from several fast-growing industries. In this regard, tremendous efforts have been made by researchers to develop sensing methods for the detection of these phenolic compounds. Graphene and conducting polymers-based materials have arisen as a high potential sensing layer to improve the performance of the developed sensors. Henceforth, this paper reviews the existing investigations on graphene and conducting polymer-based materials incorporated with various sensors that aimed to detect hazardous phenolic compounds, i.e., phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and 2,4-dimethylphenol. The whole picture and up-to-date information on the graphene and conducting polymers-based sensors are arranged in systematic chronological order to provide a clearer insight in this research area. The future perspectives of this study are also included, and the development of sensing methods for hazardous phenolic compounds using graphene and conducting polymers-based materials is expected to grow more in the future.
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Exploration on Structural and Optical Properties of Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Thin Film for Potential Plasmonic Sensing Application. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There are extensive studies on the development of composite solutions involving various types of materials. Therefore, this works aims to incorporate two polymers of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) and poly(3,4-ethylenethiophene) (PEDOT) to develop a composite thin film via the spin-coating method. Then, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is employed to confirm the functional groups of the NCC/PEDOT thin film. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) results revealed a relatively homogeneous surface with the roughness of the NCC/PEDOT thin film being slightly higher compared with individual thin films. Meanwhile, the ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) spectrometer evaluated the optical properties of synthesized thin films, where the absorbance peaks can be observed around a wavelength of 220 to 700 nm. An optical band gap of 4.082 eV was obtained for the composite thin film, which is slightly lower as compared with a single material thin film. The NCC/PEDOT thin film was also incorporated into a plasmonic sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance principle to evaluate the potential for sensing mercury ions in an aqueous medium. Resultantly, the NCC/PEDOT thin film shows a positive response in detecting the various concentrations of mercury ions. In conclusion, this work has successfully developed a new sensing layer in fabricating an effective and potential heavy metal ions sensor.
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Design and Optimization of Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy for Optical Constant Characterization and Potential Sensing Application: Theoretical and Experimental Approaches. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8090361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The best surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signal can be generated based on several factors that include the excitation wavelength, the type of metal used, and the thickness of the metal layer. In this study, the aforementioned factors have been investigated to obtain the best SPR signal. The excitation wavelength of 633 nm and gold metal with thickness of 50 nm were required to generate the SPR signal before the SPR was used for optical constant characterization by fitting of experimental results to the theoretical data. The employed strategy has good agreement with the theoretical value where the real part refractive index, n value, of the gold thin film was 0.1245 while the value for the imaginary part, k, was 3.6812 with 47.7 nm thickness. Besides that, the optical characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)-based thin film has also been demonstrated. The n and k values found for this thin film were 1.4240 and 0.2520, respectively, with optimal thickness of 9.5 nm. Interestingly when the NCC-based thin film was exposed to copper ion solution with n value of 1.3333 and k value of 0.0060 to 0.0070 with various concentrations (0.01–10 ppm), a clear change of the refractive index value was observed. This result suggests that the NCC-based thin film has high potential for copper ion sensing using SPR with a sensitivity of 8.0052°/RIU.
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Färkkilä SMA, Kiers ET, Jaaniso R, Mäeorg U, Leblanc RM, Treseder KK, Kang Z, Tedersoo L. Fluorescent nanoparticles as tools in ecology and physiology. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2392-2424. [PMID: 34142416 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanoparticles (FNPs) have been widely used in chemistry and medicine for decades, but their employment in biology is relatively recent. Past reviews on FNPs have focused on chemical, physical or medical uses, making the extrapolation to biological applications difficult. In biology, FNPs have largely been used for biosensing and molecular tracking. However, concerns over toxicity in early types of FNPs, such as cadmium-containing quantum dots (QDs), may have prevented wide adoption. Recent developments, especially in non-Cd-containing FNPs, have alleviated toxicity problems, facilitating the use of FNPs for addressing ecological, physiological and molecule-level processes in biological research. Standardised protocols from synthesis to application and interdisciplinary approaches are critical for establishing FNPs in the biologists' tool kit. Here, we present an introduction to FNPs, summarise their use in biological applications, and discuss technical issues such as data reliability and biocompatibility. We assess whether biological research can benefit from FNPs and suggest ways in which FNPs can be applied to answer questions in biology. We conclude that FNPs have a great potential for studying various biological processes, especially tracking, sensing and imaging in physiology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanni M A Färkkilä
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - E Toby Kiers
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Raivo Jaaniso
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi Str 1, 50411, Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
| | - Uno Mäeorg
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, Cox Science Center, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, U.S.A
| | - Kathleen K Treseder
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, 3106 Biological Sciences III, Mail Code: 2525, 92697, Irvine, CA, U.S.A
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Fauzi NIM, Fen YW, Omar NAS, Hashim HS. Recent Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3856. [PMID: 34204853 PMCID: PMC8199770 DOI: 10.3390/s21113856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are enormously important to industry requirements and market demands in agriculture. Despite their usefulness, these insecticides can pose a dangerous risk to the safety of food, environment and all living things through various mechanisms of action. Concern about the environmental impact of repeated use of insecticides has prompted many researchers to develop rapid, economical, uncomplicated and user-friendly analytical method for the detection of insecticides. In this regards, optical sensors are considered as favorable methods for insecticides analysis because of their special features including rapid detection time, low cost, easy to use and high selectivity and sensitivity. In this review, current progresses of incorporation between recognition elements and optical sensors for insecticide detection are discussed and evaluated well, by categorizing it based on insecticide chemical classes, including the range of detection and limit of detection. Additionally, this review aims to provide powerful insights to researchers for the future development of optical sensors in the detection of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.I.M.F.); (N.A.S.O.)
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.I.M.F.); (N.A.S.O.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.I.M.F.); (N.A.S.O.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Hazwani Suhaila Hashim
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Abstract
A novel vanadium–cellulose composite thin film-based on angular interrogation surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for ppb-level detection of Ni(II) ion was developed. Experimental results show that the sensor has a linear response to the Ni(II) ion concentrations in the range of 2–50 ppb with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9910. This SPR sensor can attain a maximum sensitivity (0.068° ppb−1), binding affinity constant (1.819 × 106 M−1), detection accuracy (0.3034 degree−1), and signal-to-noise-ratio (0.0276) for Ni(II) ion detection. The optical properties of thin-film targeting Ni(II) ions in different concentrations were obtained by fitting the SPR reflectance curves using the WinSpall program. All in all, the proposed Au/MPA/V–CNCs–CTA thin-film-based surface plasmon resonance sensor exhibits better sensing performance than the previous film-based sensor and demonstrates a wide and promising technology candidate for environmental monitoring applications in the future.
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Omar NAS, Fen YW, Ramli I, Sadrolhosseini AR, Abdullah J, Yusof NA, Kamil YM, Mahdi MA. An Optical Sensor for Dengue Envelope Proteins Using Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposite Thin Film: Enhanced Sensitivity, Selectivity, and Recovery Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:762. [PMID: 33671059 PMCID: PMC7957696 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel idea to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical sensor for detection of dengue virus type-2 envelope proteins (DENV-2 E-proteins) using polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer biopolymer-based nanocomposite thin film. For this purpose, two ranges of DENV-2 E-protein concentrations, i.e., 0.000008-0.0001 nM and 0.00008-0.005 nM were evaluated, and the lowest detectable concentration was achieved at 0.00008 nM. The incorporation of PAMAM dendrimer-based nanocomposite thin film with an SPR sensor exhibited a significant increase in sensitivity and binding affinity to a lower range DENV-2 E-protein concentrations. Moreover, the proposed sensor displayed good selectivity towards DENV-2 E-proteins and have an average recovery of 80-120%. The findings of this study demonstrated that PAMAM dendrimer-based nanocomposite thin film combined with SPR sensor is a promising diagnostic tool for sensitive and selective detection of DENV-2 E-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Irmawati Ramli
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Amir Reza Sadrolhosseini
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (I.R.); (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Yasmin Mustapha Kamil
- inLAZER Dynamics Sdn Bhd, InnoHub Unit, Putra Science Park, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Adzir Mahdi
- Wireless and Photonics Network Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Daniyal WMEMM, Fen YW, Saleviter S, Chanlek N, Nakajima H, Abdullah J, Yusof NA. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis of Chitosan-Graphene Oxide-Based Composite Thin Films for Potential Optical Sensing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:478. [PMID: 33540931 PMCID: PMC7867321 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study chitosan-graphene oxide (chitosan-GO) incorporated with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) and cadmium sulfide quantum dot (CdS QD) composite thin films for the potential optical sensing of cobalt ions (Co2+). From the XPS results, it was confirmed that carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen elements existed on the PAR-chitosan-GO thin film, while for CdS QD-chitosan-GO, the existence of carbon, oxygen, cadmium, nitrogen, and sulfur were confirmed. Further deconvolution of each element using the Gaussian-Lorentzian curve fitting program revealed the sub-peak component of each element and hence the corresponding functional group was identified. Next, investigation using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical sensor proved that both chitosan-GO-based thin films were able to detect Co2+ as low as 0.01 ppm for both composite thin films, while the PAR had the higher binding affinity. The interaction of the Co2+ with the thin films was characterized again using XPS to confirm the functional group involved during the reaction. The XPS results proved that primary amino in the PAR-chitosan-GO thin film contributed more important role for the reaction with Co2+, as in agreement with the SPR results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (W.M.E.M.M.D.); (S.S.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Silvan Saleviter
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (W.M.E.M.M.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Narong Chanlek
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Maung, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (N.C.); (H.N.)
| | - Hideki Nakajima
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Maung, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (N.C.); (H.N.)
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (J.A.); (N.A.Y.)
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Chiu NF, Wang YH, Chen CY. Clinical Application for Screening Down's Syndrome by Using Carboxylated Graphene Oxide-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Aptasensors. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8131-8149. [PMID: 33144830 PMCID: PMC7594198 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s270938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced medical detection technology requires high sensitivity and accuracy to increase the disease detection rate. We showed that carboxyl-functionalized graphene oxide (carboxyl-GO) biosensing materials are capable of accurate detection. METHODS We developed a carboxylated GO-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) aptasensor suitable for screening Down's syndrome in clinical serum. This biosensing material could rapidly and accurately detect hCG protein with a low concentration to identify fetal Down's syndrome. The developed carboxyl-GO-based SPR aptasensor showed excellent sensitivity and limit of detection without the use of antibodies and without any specific preference. RESULTS hCG protein detection limits of 1 pM in buffer samples and 1.9 pM in clinical serum samples were achieved. The results showed that the carboxyl-GO-based chip could detect hCG well below the normal physiological level of serum protein (5.0 mIU/mL). High affinity, sensitivity, and better detection limit were obtained in the range of 1.9 pM to 135 pM. The results showed a 5k-fold dilution factor, and that an SPR angle shift of more than 20 millidegrees (mo) was associated with a significant risk of fetal Down's syndrome compared to normal pregnant women. The results clearly showed that the detection of hCG protein in serum samples from pregnant women at 12-19 weeks could be used to screen Down's syndrome with high selectivity and sensitivity. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the potential application of carboxyl-GO film in proof-of-concept studies for serum assays as a new type of SPR material. In addition, peptide and carboxyl-GO films may be conducive to the development of future point of care testing and rapid diagnostic devices for other diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Fu Chiu
- Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Biosensors, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Nano-Photonics and Biosensors, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City 11677, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
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Cationically Modified Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Carboxyl-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots Nanocomposite Thin Film: Characterization and Potential Sensing Application. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, highly functional cationically modified nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)/carboxyl-functionalized graphene quantum dots (CGQD) has been described. The surface of NCC was first modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTA) before combining with CGQD. The CGQD, CTA-NCC and CTA-NCC/CGQD nanocomposites thin films were prepared using spin coating technique. The obtained nanocomposite thin films were then characterized by using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which confirmed the existence of hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups and alkyl groups in CTA-NCC/CGQD. The optical properties of the thin films were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The absorption of CTA-NCC/CGQD was high with an optical band gap of 4.127 eV. On the other hand, the CTA-NCC/CGQD nanocomposite thin film showed positive responses towards glucose solution of different concentration using an optical method based on surface plasmon resonance phenomenon. This work suggests that the novel nanocomposite thin film has potential for a sensing application in glucose detection.
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Fauzi NIM, Fen YW, Omar NAS, Saleviter S, Daniyal WMEMM, Hashim HS, Nasrullah M. Nanostructured Chitosan/Maghemite Composites Thin Film for Potential Optical Detection of Mercury Ion by Surface Plasmon Resonance Investigation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1497. [PMID: 32635555 PMCID: PMC7407496 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, synthesis and characterization of chitosan/maghemite (Cs/Fe2O3) composites thin film has been described. Its properties were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). FTIR confirmed the existence of Fe-O bond, C-N bond, C-C bond, C-O bond, O=C=O bond and O-H bond in Cs/Fe2O3 thin film. The surface morphology of the thin film indicated the relatively smooth and homogenous thin film, and also confirmed the interaction of Fe2O3 with the chitosan. Next, the UV-Vis result showed high absorbance value with an optical band gap of 4.013 eV. The incorporation of this Cs/Fe2O3 thin film with an optical-based method, i.e., surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy showed positive response where mercury ion (Hg2+) can be detected down to 0.01 ppm (49.9 nM). These results validate the potential of Cs/Fe2O3 thin film for optical sensing applications in Hg2+ detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.I.M.F.); (H.S.H.)
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.I.M.F.); (H.S.H.)
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (S.S.); (W.M.E.M.M.D.)
| | - Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (S.S.); (W.M.E.M.M.D.)
| | - Silvan Saleviter
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (S.S.); (W.M.E.M.M.D.)
| | - Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.A.S.O.); (S.S.); (W.M.E.M.M.D.)
| | - Hazwani Suhaila Hashim
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.I.M.F.); (H.S.H.)
| | - Mohd Nasrullah
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia;
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Anas NAA, Fen YW, Yusof NA, Omar NAS, Ramdzan NSM, Daniyal WMEMM. Investigating the Properties of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide/Hydroxylated Graphene Quantum Dots Thin Film for Potential Optical Detection of Heavy Metal Ions. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E2591. [PMID: 32517196 PMCID: PMC7321556 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The modification of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) may drastically enhance their properties, therefore resulting in various related applications. This paper reported the preparation of novel cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/hydroxylated graphene quantum dots (CTAB/HGQDs) thin film using the spin coating technique. The properties of the thin film were then investigated and studied. The functional groups existing in CTAB/HGQDs thin film were confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the atomic force microscope (AFM) displayed a homogenous surface of the thin film with an increase in surface roughness upon modification. Optical characterizations using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy revealed a high absorption with an optical band gap of 4.162 eV. Additionally, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra illustrated the maximum emission peak of CTAB/HGQDs thin film at a wavelength of 444 nm. The sensing properties of the as-prepared CTAB/HGQDs thin film were studied using a surface plasmon resonance technique towards the detection of several heavy metal ions (HMIs) (Zn2+, Ni2+, and Fe3+). This technique generated significant results and showed that CTAB/HGQDs thin film has great potential for HMIs detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ain Asyiqin Anas
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.A.A.A.); (N.A.S.O.); (W.M.E.M.M.D.)
- Physics Unit, Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.A.A.A.); (N.A.S.O.); (W.M.E.M.M.D.)
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.A.A.A.); (N.A.S.O.); (W.M.E.M.M.D.)
| | - Nur Syahira Md Ramdzan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd Daniyal
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (N.A.A.A.); (N.A.S.O.); (W.M.E.M.M.D.)
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Applications of Graphene-Based Materials in Sensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113196. [PMID: 32512876 PMCID: PMC7309103 DOI: 10.3390/s20113196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This Special Issue compiles a set of innovative developments on the use of graphene-based materials in the fabrication of sensors. In particular, these contributions report original studies on a wide variety of sensors, such as gas sensors for NO2 or NH3 detection, antibody biosensors or mass sensors. All these devices have one point in common: they have been built using graphene-based materials like graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, inkject printing graphene, graphene-based composite sponges, graphene screen-printed electrodes or graphene quantum dots.
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Ramdzan NSM, Fen YW, Anas NAA, Omar NAS, Saleviter S. Development of Biopolymer and Conducting Polymer-Based Optical Sensors for Heavy Metal Ion Detection. Molecules 2020; 25:E2548. [PMID: 32486124 PMCID: PMC7321262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Great efforts have been devoted to the invention of environmental sensors as the amount of water pollution has increased in recent decades. Chitosan, cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose are examples of biopolymers that have been intensively studied due to their potential applications, particularly as sensors. Furthermore, the rapid use of conducting polymer materials as a sensing layer in environmental monitoring has also been developed. Thus, the incorporation of biopolymer and conducting polymer materials with various methods has shown promising potential with sensitively and selectively toward heavy metal ions. In this feature paper, selected recent and updated investigations are reviewed on biopolymer and conducting polymer-based materials in sensors aimed at the detection of heavy metal ions by optical methods. This review intends to provide sufficient evidence of the potential of polymer-based materials as sensing layers, and future outlooks are considered in developing surface plasmon resonance as an excellent and valid sensor for heavy metal ion detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syahira Md Ramdzan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.A.A.A.); (N.A.S.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Nur Ain Asyiqin Anas
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.A.A.A.); (N.A.S.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.A.A.A.); (N.A.S.O.); (S.S.)
| | - Silvan Saleviter
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.A.A.A.); (N.A.S.O.); (S.S.)
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Hashim HS, Fen YW, Sheh Omar NA, Abdullah J, Daniyal WMEMM, Saleviter S. Detection of phenol by incorporation of gold modified-enzyme based graphene oxide thin film with surface plasmon resonance technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:9738-9752. [PMID: 32225575 DOI: 10.1364/oe.387027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the incorporation between gold modified-tyrosinase (Tyr) enzyme based graphene oxide (GO) thin film with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique has been developed for the detection of phenol. SPR signal for the thin film contacted with phenol solution was monitored using SPR technique. From the SPR curve, sensitivity, full width at half maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy (DA) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) have been analyzed. The sensor produces a linear response for phenol up to 100 µM with sensitivity of 0.00193° µM-1. Next, it can be observed that deionized water has the lowest FWHM, with a value of 1.87° and also the highest value of DA. Besides, the SNR of the SPR signal was proportional to the phenol concentrations. Furthermore, the surface morphology of the modified thin film after exposed with phenol solution observed using atomic force microscopy showed a lot of sharp peaks compared to the image before in contact with phenol proved the interaction between the thin film and phenol.
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Janus Ł, Radwan-Pragłowska J, Piątkowski M, Bogdał D. Smart, Tunable CQDs with Antioxidant Properties for Biomedical Applications-Ecofriendly Synthesis and Characterization. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030736. [PMID: 32046279 PMCID: PMC7038191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are nanoobjects of a size below 10 nm. Due to their favorable features, such as tunable luminescence, unique optical properties, water solubility, and lack of cytotoxicity, they are willingly applied in biomedicine. They can be obtained via bottom-up and top-down methods. However, to increase their quantum yield they must undergo post-processing. The aim of the following research was to obtain a new type of CQDs modified with a rhodamine b derivative to enhance their fluorescence performance without biocompability deterioration. For their preparation glucose was used as a precursor and four different carbonizing agents which affected semi- and final products luminescence properties. The ready nanomaterials were investigated over their chemical structure by FTIR and NMR, whereas morphology was investigated by the TEM method. Their optical properties were determined by UV–VIS spectroscopy. Fluorescence behavior, photo- and pH-stability, as well as solvatochromism showed their applicability in various biomedical applications due to the controlled properties. The samples exhibited excellent antioxidant activity and lack of cytotoxicity on L929 mouse fibroblasts. The results showed that proposed strategy enables preparation of the superior nanomaterials with outstanding luminescence properties such as quantum yield up to 17% which can be successfully applied in cell labelling, bioimaging, and theranostics.
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Li Y. Antioxidant Activity of Graphene Quantum Dots Prepared in Different Electrolyte Environments. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9121708. [PMID: 31795321 PMCID: PMC6955962 DOI: 10.3390/nano9121708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants can reduce or inhibit damage such as oxidative decay caused by elevated levels of free radicals. Therefore, pursuing antioxidants with excellent properties has attracted more and more attention. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are considered a promising material because of their good free radical scavenging activity, low toxicity, and excellent water solubility. However, their scavenging efficiency, antioxidant mechanism, and effective control methods need to be improved. Herein, in order to further reveal the antioxidant mechanism of GQDs, the role of electrolytes in improving the antioxidant activity of GQDs is explored. In addition, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrazine (DPPH∙), hydroxyl (∙OH), and superoxide (∙O2−) free radicals are used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the as-prepared GQDs. Combined with transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic volt–ampere characteristic curves, the effects of an electrolytic environment on the surface functional groups, charge transfer capability, and defect states of GQDs are obtained. The antioxidant mechanism of GQDs and how to improve their antioxidant activity are further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Li
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1062332666
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