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Ahire TR, Thasale RR, Das A, Kulkarni NP, Vyas DM, Perumal S. Multivariate optimization and validation of 200 pesticide residues in the banana matrix by GC-MS/MS. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:4268-4284. [PMID: 38884146 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00703d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
GC-MS/MS has been observed from past studies to be an appropriate choice for designing a simple, efficient and sensitive analytical technique. Accordingly, the linearity and working range, Method Limit of Detection (MLOD), Method Limit of Quantification (MLOQ), accuracy, precision (intra-day and inter-day), Matrix Effect (ME) and selectivity were analyzed for the assessment of 200 pesticide residues [organophosphorus pesticides (OPP), organochlorine pesticides (OCP), organonitrogen pesticides (ONP), synthetic pyrethroid pesticides (SPP), and herbicide methyl esters (HME)] in the banana matrix. The procedure involved QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction and clean-up with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Primary Secondary Amine (PSA) wherein the factors were optimized using the Plackett-Burman and central composite designs. The performance of the method in order to quantitate 200 pesticides at trace levels was evaluated by matrix-matched calibration. The linearity was observed to range from 1 to 100 μg L-1 with determination coefficient (r2) > 0.99. Recovery studies were conducted at 2 levels, 10 μg kg-1 and 25 μg kg-1, and the values obtained were in the range of 71-116% and 72-119%, respectively. The Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) was observed to be less than 20% in line with the recommended guidelines (SANTE/11312/2021). The MLOD and MLOQ were found to be in the range of 0.45-6.33 μg kg-1 and 1.44-9.59 μg kg-1 respectively. The developed method was applied satisfactorily to analyse banana samples cultivated in different regions of Gujarat, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Rajaram Ahire
- Chemical Sciences Division, ICMR - National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, India.
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rupal Rajesh Thasale
- Chemical Sciences Division, ICMR - National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Ankita Das
- Chemical Sciences Division, ICMR - National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, India.
- National Forensic Sciences University, Tripura Campus, India
| | - Nikhil Pradip Kulkarni
- Chemical Sciences Division, ICMR - National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Dhyan Mineshkumar Vyas
- Chemical Sciences Division, ICMR - National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, India.
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sivaperumal Perumal
- Chemical Sciences Division, ICMR - National Institute of Occupational Health, Meghani Nagar, Ahmedabad, India.
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Son YG, Jung J, Lee DK, Park SW, Kim JY, Kim HJ. Validation of an Analytical Method of 3',4',5-Trihydroxy-3-Methoxy-6,7-Methylenedioxyflavone 4'-Glucuronide for Standardization of Spinacia oleracea. Molecules 2024; 29:2494. [PMID: 38893369 PMCID: PMC11173439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is one of the most famous vegetables worldwide, rich in essential metabolites for various health benefits. It is a valuable plant source that has the potential to be a nutraceutical. This study aimed to evaluate the single characteristic marker compound to establish the validation of HPLC-DAD methods applied to the development of a nutraceutical using spinach samples. Six metabolites (1-6) were identified from the spinach samples such as freeze-dried spinach (FDS) and spinach extract concentrate (SEC) by LC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Among the six metabolites, 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone 4'-glucuronide (TMG) was selected as a marker compound due to its highest abundance and high selectivity. The specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, repeatability, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of TMG in the spinach samples (FDS and SEC) were validated according to AOAC international guideline. The specificity was confirmed by monitoring the well separation of the marker compound from other compounds of spinach samples in the base peak intensity (BPI) and ultraviolet (UV) chromatogram. The calibration curve of TMG (15.625~500 μg/mL) had reasonable linearity (R2 = 0.999) considered with LOD and LOQ values, respectively. Recovery rate of TMG was 93-101% for FDS and 90-95% for SEC. The precision was less than 3 and 6% in the intraday and interday. As a result, the HPLC-DAD validation method of TMG in the spinach samples (FDS and SEC) was first established with AOAC and KFDA regulations for approving functional ingredients in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gon Son
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Anti-aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
| | - Juyoung Jung
- Brain Health Lab. Co., Ltd., Business Incubating Center (C-203), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Kun Lee
- Tyrosine Peptide Multiuse Research Group, Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Antiaging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Won Park
- Tyrosine Peptide Multiuse Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Antiaging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Anti-aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Tyrosine Peptide Multiuse Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Antiaging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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Hajikhani M, Kousheh S, Zhang Y, Lin M. Design of a novel SERS substrate by electrospinning for the detection of thiabendazole in soy-based foods. Food Chem 2024; 436:137703. [PMID: 37857202 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to detect and quantify thiabendazole in soy products by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with electrospun substrates. Enhanced Raman signals were acquired from uniform electrospun substrates, which were analyzed by focusing on the CN stretching modes at 1592 cm-1 for soy sauce and 1580 cm-1 for soy milk. The results revealed a linear relationship between the signal intensity and analyte concentrations with high R2 values (99.42 % for soy sauce and 99.75 % for soy milk). The limits of quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 69.9 ppb for soy milk and 240.59 ppb for soy sauce samples. The limits of detection (LOD) were found to be 23.1 ppb for soy milk and 79.4 ppb for soy sauce. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the electrospinning-SERS approach for detecting thiabendazole in soy-based food samples, contributing to the understanding of pesticide contamination and ensuring the quality and safety of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hajikhani
- Food Science Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | | | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Mengshi Lin
- Food Science Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Lima GDS, Pereira I, Maciel LIL, Lima NM, Araujo GL, de Aguiar DVA, Dos Santos GF, Vaz BG. Combining LAESI Imaging and Tissue Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry To Unveil Pesticides Contaminants in Fruits. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2461-2468. [PMID: 37804228 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for developing a strategy to analyze the penetration of pesticides in cultures during postharvest control with minimal or no sample preparation. This study explores the combined use of laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (LAESI imaging) and tissue spray ionization mass spectrometry (TSI-MS) to investigate the penetration of thiabendazole (TBZ) in fruits, simulating a postharvest procedure. Slices of guava and apple were prepared, and an infrared laser beam was used, resulting in the ablation of TBZ directly ionized by electrospray and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The experiments were conducted for 5 days of fruit storage after TBZ administration to simulate a postharvest treatment. During postharvest treatment, TBZ is applied directly to the fruit peel after harvesting. Consequently, TBZ residues may remain on the peel if the consumer does not wash the fruit properly before its consumption. To evaluate the effectiveness of household washing procedures, TSI-MS was employed as a rapid and straightforward technique to monitor the remaining amount of TBZ in guava and apple peels following fruit washing. This study highlights the advantages of LAESI imaging for evaluating TBZ penetration in fruits. Moreover, the powerful capabilities of TSI-MS are demonstrated in monitoring and estimating TBZ residues after pesticide application, enabling the comprehensive unveiling of pesticide contaminants in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9R 5S5, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Boniek Gontijo Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiánia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
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Budetić M, Kopf D, Dandić A, Samardžić M. Review of Characteristics and Analytical Methods for Determination of Thiabendazole. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093926. [PMID: 37175335 PMCID: PMC10179875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiabendazole (TBZ) is a fungicide and anthelmintic drug commonly found in food products. Due to its toxicity and potential carcinogenicity, its determination in various samples is important for public health. Different analytical methods can be used to determine the presence and concentration of TBZ in samples. Liquid chromatography (LC) and its subtypes, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), are the most commonly used methods for TBZ determination representing 19%, 18%, and 18% of the described methods, respectively. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and fluorimetry are two more methods widely used for TBZ determination, representing 13% and 12% of the described methods, respectively. In this review, a number of methods for TBZ determination are described, but due to their limitations, there is a high potential for the further improvement and development of each method in order to obtain a simple, precise, and accurate method that can be used for routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Budetić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Doris Kopf
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Andrea Dandić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mirela Samardžić
- Department of Chemistry, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
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Watjanavarreerat W, Steier L, Locharoenrat K. Use of zinc oxide nanoparticles for detection of fluoride in toothpaste gel. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:789-796. [PMID: 36039488 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the metal-binding effect of fluoride, contained in different commercial toothpaste gels; the study aimed to determine if the toothpastes contained excessive concentrations of fluoride, which result in white spot lesions. A spectrophotometric method that used spectrophotometric reagents, including zinc oxide nanoparticles and iron chloride, was used to determine fluoride distribution; the analysis was based on the selective attack of fluoride ions on metals. Fluoride concentrations between 0 and 1450 ppm were analyzed. Although the iron-fluoride complex was a more sensitive reagent, the zinc-fluoride complex could serve as a suitable alternative to it for fluoride analysis, partly because the method was less time consuming and more stable. The detection and quantification limits obtained from the linear calibration curves of the zinc-fluoride complexes, in deionized water, were 0.191:1 and 0.579:1 w/w ZnO, respectively. A model calibration curve was suggested to detect the unknown products of fluoride degradation. Dentists could use a fluoride treatment similar to the protocol used in this study, to prevent potential enamel demineralization, and exclude physical cavity preparation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasupon Watjanavarreerat
- Biomedical Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Liviu Steier
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kitsakorn Locharoenrat
- Biomedical Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kim H, Cao TQ, Yeo CE, Shin SH, Kim H, Hong DH, Hahn D. Development and Validation of Quantitative Analysis Method for Phenanthrenes in Peels of the Dioscorea Genus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:976-981. [PMID: 35879304 PMCID: PMC9628958 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2206.06037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phenanthrenes are bioactive phenolic compounds found in genus Dioscorea, in which they are distributed more in peel than in flesh. Recent studies on phenanthrenes from Dioscorea sp. peels have revealed the potential for valuable biomaterials. Herein, an analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantitation of bioactive phenanthrenes was developed and validated. The calibration curves were obtained using the phenanthrenes (1-3) previously isolated from Dioscorea batatas concentrations in the range of 0.625-20.00 μg/ml with a satisfactory coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) values of the isolated phenanthrenes ranged from 0.78-0.89 and 2.38-2.71 μg/ml, respectively. The intraday and interday precision ranged from 0.25-7.58%. The recoveries of the isolated phenanthrenes were from 95 to 100% at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 μg/ml. Additionally, phenanthrenes (1-3) were found in all investigated peel extracts. Hence, the developed method was encouraging for the quantitative analysis of phenanthrenes in genus Dioscorea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunseong Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Thao Quyen Cao
- Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-eun Yeo
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyuck Hong
- School of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors D.H. Hong Phone: +82-53-950-5790 Fax: +82-53-950-6780 E-mail:
| | - Dongyup Hahn
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,Coastal Agriculture Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,
D. Hahn Phone: +82-53-950-5756 Fax: +82-53-950-6750 E-mail:
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