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Bougrine H, Chalghaf N, Azaiez C, Hammad AS, Boussayala G, Dhahri M, Henchiri H, Al-Saedi AIAU, Al-Hayali MDA, AL-Rubaiawi AWMS, Ezzi AFT, AL-Sadoon NMN, Souissi N, Azaiez F, Dergaa I, Al-Asmakh M. The impact of intermittent fasting during Ramadan on psychomotor and cognitive skills in adolescent athletes. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1362066. [PMID: 38903387 PMCID: PMC11188329 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1362066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intermittent fasting (IF) represents a dietary intervention similar to caloric restriction, characterized by the strategic limitation of food consumption. Among the diverse array of practices for IF, Ramadan IF (RIF), a religious observance in Islam, mandates that healthy adult Muslims abstain from both food and drinks during daylight hours. In sports, researchers have extensively studied IF effects on health, including sleep and physical performance, but its impact on cognitive functions during RIF remains understudied. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the influence of RIF on psychomotor and cognitive performance among young female athletes. Methods To achieve this purpose, a cohort of 23 female handball players, aged 17.2 ± 0.5 years, participated in a series of six testing sessions: one conducted prior to Ramadan (R0), and others during the first (R1), second (R2), third (R3), and fourth (R4) weeks of Ramadan, followed by a session in the week after Ramadan (R5). Each session involved assessments using a Simple Reaction Time Test (SRT), Choice Reaction Time Test (CRT), Vigilance Test (VT), and Mental Rotation Test (MRT). Additionally, dietary intake, body composition, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were evaluated during these periods. Results and discussion The obtained data illustrated that there was a decrease in SRT, CRT, VT, and MRT performances during R1 in comparison to R0 (all p < .001). This reduction was also observed in R2, R3, R4, and R5. Notably, during the fourth week of Ramadan (R4), these cognitive and psychomotor parameters were significantly lower than during the earlier weeks (R1, R2, R3; all p < .001). Furthermore, a gradual decrease in total PSQI scores, sleep quality, and sleep duration was observed throughout the Ramadan period, reaching the lowest levels during R4. These findings illustrate that RIF has a significantly detrimental impact on neuromuscular and cognitive abilities as well as sleep quality in young female athletes. The study also highlights a fluctuating pattern in cognitive function across the four weeks of Ramadan, with the most pronounced decline observed during the final week of fasting illustrating the importance of conducting similar studies on normal individuals from both genders with larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Bougrine
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nasr Chalghaf
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chiraz Azaiez
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Sociological Research Group on Contemporary Societies (GRESCO), University of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Ayat S Hammad
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghada Boussayala
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moez Dhahri
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Henchiri
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ibrahim Abd Ulwahid Al-Saedi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Education in the Province of Maysan, Amarah, Iraq
| | - Mazin Dawood Ahmed Al-Hayali
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq
| | | | - Ahmed Farooq Tawfeeq Ezzi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Aliraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nabee Muttlak Nasser AL-Sadoon
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Training and Qualification Directorate, Ministry of Interior, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Nizar Souissi
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Physical Activity Research Unit, Sport and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Fairouz Azaiez
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Faculty of Human and Social Science of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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2
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Boukhris O, Boujelbane MA, Clark C, Romdhani M, Washif JA, Aziz AR, Bragazzi NL, Glenn JM, Chamari K, Chtourou H, Jahrami H. Ramadan intermittent fasting and its association with health-related indices and exercise test performance in athletes and physically active individuals: an overview of systematic reviews. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:136-143. [PMID: 37923379 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review, summarise and appraise findings of published systematic reviews, with/without meta-analyses, examining associations between Ramadan fasting observance (RO), health-related indices and exercise test performances in athletes and physically active individuals. DESIGN Overview of systematic reviews with assessment of reviews' methodological quality. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest, PsycINFO and SciELO. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Systematic reviews with/without meta-analyses examining associations of RO with health-related indices and exercise performances in athletes and physically active individuals. RESULTS Fourteen systematic reviews (seven with meta-analyses) of observational studies, with low-to-critically-low methodological quality, were included. Two reviews found associations between RO and decreased sleep duration in athletes and physically active individuals. One review suggested athletes may experience more pronounced reductions in sleep duration than physically active individuals. One review found associations between RO and impaired sleep quality in athletes and physically active individuals. RO was associated with decreased energy, carbohydrate and water intake in adult-aged athletes, but not adolescents. One review suggests RO was associated with athletes' increased feelings of fatigue and decreased vigour. No association was found between RO and athletes' lean mass or haematological indices. RO was unfavourably associated with changes in athletes' performance during high-intensity exercise testing. CONCLUSION Continuance of training during RO could be associated with athletes' mood state disturbances, decreased sleep duration and performance decline during high-intensity exercise testing, while preserving lean mass. However, careful interpretation is necessary due to the low-to-critically-low methodological quality of the included reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Sport, Performance, and Nutrition Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- SIESTA Research Group, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujelbane
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Cain Clark
- Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Science & Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas Fayetteville, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Karim Chamari
- ISSEP Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
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Eroglu MN, Rodríguez-Longobardo C, Ramírez-Adrados A, Colina-Coca C, Burgos-Postigo S, López-Torres O, Fernández-Elías VE. The Effects of 24-h Fasting on Exercise Performance and Metabolic Parameters in a Pilot Study of Female CrossFit Athletes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4841. [PMID: 38004236 PMCID: PMC10674902 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have tested intermittent fasting (IF) in athletes, but its effects on female CrossFit athletes remain relatively unexplored in the existing literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of 24-h IF on the physical performance of female CrossFit practitioners. Eleven female CrossFit athletes (age: 30.91 ± 3.42, weight: 65.26 ± 7.55 kg, height: 1.66 ± 0.05 m) participated in the study. The study used a crossover design with fasting and eating conditions. Participants completed an exercise test, standing long jump, and handgrip strength assessment. Hydration status, heart rate, blood lactate, blood glucose, rates of perceived exertion, and hunger were measured. Results showed significant differences in blood lactate concentration (F = 5.435, p = 0.042, η2p = 0.352). Resting blood lactate concentration was significantly lower in the fasting trial than in the eating trial (p < 0.001), but post-exercise blood lactate concentrations were higher in the fasting trial than in the eating trial (p < 0.001). No differences were found in performance times (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this pilot study of females suggests that 24-h fasting does not impair exercise performance or negatively affect physiological parameters in CrossFit athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Nur Eroglu
- Coaching Education Department, Sports Science Faculty, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Serdivan 54050, Turkey;
| | - Celia Rodríguez-Longobardo
- Social Sciences of Physical Activity, Sport and Leisure Department, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ana Ramírez-Adrados
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (S.B.-P.); (V.E.F.-E.)
| | - Clara Colina-Coca
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
| | - Silvia Burgos-Postigo
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (S.B.-P.); (V.E.F.-E.)
| | - Olga López-Torres
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (S.B.-P.); (V.E.F.-E.)
| | - Valentín E. Fernández-Elías
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; (A.R.-A.); (S.B.-P.); (V.E.F.-E.)
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Triki R, Zouhal H, Chtourou H, Salhi I, Jebabli N, Saeidi A, Laher I, Hackney AC, Granacher U, Ben Abderrahman A. Timing of Resistance Training During Ramadan Fasting and Its Effects on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:579-589. [PMID: 37068775 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During Ramadan month, Muslims often continue training to maintain their muscle performance. However, trainers should stress the importance of the time of day chosen for practicing resistance training (RT) during Ramadan fasting to avoid health and performance alteration. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the timing of RT during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy male adults. METHODS Forty men were randomly allocated to 2 matched groups: 20 practicing whole-body RT in the late afternoon in a fasted state and 20 training in the late evening in a fed state (FED). Both groups performed 4 days per week of whole-body RT (∼75%-85% 1-repetition maximum, 12 repetitions/3-4 sets) during RIF. Anthropometric measurements and 1-repetition-maximum test for the squats, deadlift, and bench press were measured. A cross-sectional area of the quadriceps and biceps brachii was examined using ultrasound scans. All measurements were taken at 4 time points: 24 hours before the start of Ramadan, on the 15th day of Ramadan, on the 29th day of Ramadan, and 21 days after Ramadan. RESULTS Post hoc tests indicated significant preimprovement to postimprovement in FED at the 29th day of Ramadan for the 1-repetition-maximum test for the squats (P = .02; effect size = 0.21) and deadlift (P = .03; effect size = 0.24) when compared to 24 hours before the start of Ramadan. No significant changes were observed in the fasted-state group or for cross-sectional area for both groups. CONCLUSIONS Practicing RT during RIF appears not to have adverse effects on muscle hypertrophy and strength no matter whether it is practiced in FED or fasted state. However, RT had greater effects on muscle strength when applied in FED. Our findings suggest that training sessions should be scheduled after breaking the fast during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoua Triki
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Kef,Tunisia
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport, Health and Sciences Laboratory (M2S), UFR APS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Cachan, Rennes,France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), Irodouer,France
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax,Tunisia
- Research Unit, Physical Activity, Sport, and Health (UR18JS01), National Observatory of Sport, Tunis,Tunisia
| | - Iyed Salhi
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Kef,Tunisia
| | - Nidhal Jebabli
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Said, University of Manouba, Kef,Tunisia
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan,Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC,Canada
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,USA
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau,Germany
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Boukhris O, Glenn JM, Clark CCT, Stannard SR, Slater G, Żmijewski P, Driss T, Ben Saad H, Chamari K, Chtourou H. Dietary Intake and Body Composition During Ramadan in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Meta-Regression. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:101-122. [PMID: 35512756 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.2000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan observance on dietary intake and body composition in adult athletes. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources used were PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Taylor and Francis. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies were as follows: single-group, pre-/post-Ramadan, with or without control group, conducted in athletes aged ≥19 years training at least twice a week, and published in any language before August 25, 2021. Studies assessing dietary intake and/or body composition were deemed eligible. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using QualSyst. Nine studies evaluated dietary intake; 4 of these were rated as strong quality and the remaining as moderate. Of the 17 selected studies evaluating body composition, 7 were of strong quality and the remaining 10 were rated as moderate. Compared to pre-Ramadan, energy (number of studies, K = 7; number of participants, N = 78; g = -0.781; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.416 to -0.145; p = 0.016), carbohydrate (K = 5; N = 50; g = -1.643; 95% CI, -2.949 to -0.336; p = 0.014), and water (K = 4; N = 39; g = -1.081; 95% CI, -1.371 to -0.790; p = 0.000) intakes decreased during Ramadan. However, fat (K = 5; N = 50; g = -0.472; 95% CI, -1.085 to 0.140; p = 0.131) and protein (K = 5; N = 60; g = -0.574; 95% CI, -1.213 to -0.066; p = 0.079) intakes remained unchanged. Compared to pre-Ramadan, body mass (K = 16; N = 131; g = -0.262; 95% CI, -0.427 to -0.097; p = 0.002) and body fat percentage (K = 8; N = 81; g = -0.197; 95% CI, -0.355 to -0.040; p = 0.014) decreased in the fourth week of Ramadan. Lean body mass did not change during Ramadan (K = 4; N = 45; g = -0.047; 95% CI, -0.257 to 0.162; p = 0.658). Carbohydrate and total water intake decreased with the observance of Ramadan, but fat and protein intake were unchanged. Continued training of athletes during Ramadan was associated with a decreased body mass and body fat percentage, but not lean body mass, toward the end of the fasting month. Key pointsRamadan fasting decreases body mass and body fat percentage of athletes, but not lean body mass.Longer durations of fasting could provoke more pronounced decrements in body mass.Carbohydrate and total water intake decreased during Ramadan in athletes.Future studies, with greater methodological rigor, are required to better discern changes in dietary intake and body composition during Ramadan. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2021.2000902 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, Magdeburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | - Omar Boukhris
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Stephen R Stannard
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gary Slater
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Piotr Żmijewski
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
- UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sports Sciences), Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Hôpital Farhat Hached de Sousse, Laboratoire de Recherche "Insuffisance Cardiaque", Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Laboratory ''Sport Performance Optimization'', (CNMSS), ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Tunisie
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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Chamari K, Guezguez F, Khalladi K, Chtourou H, Moumen Jamai T, Chaouachi A, Al Sayrafi O, Aziz AR, Bragazzi NL, Ben Saad H. Aspetar clinical guidelines: Ramadan fasting and exercise for healthy individuals. LA TUNISIE MEDICALE 2023; 101:1-14. [PMID: 37682254 PMCID: PMC10966349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Healthy adult Muslims who practice Ramadan fasting (RF) follow strict religious rules regarding their lifestyle. RF influences several parameters, including nutrition, hydration, and sleep habits, and can potentially reduce physical performance. It seems that RF prevents athletes from training and participating in competitions, and prevents the general community from engaging in physical exercise. This places practicing Muslim athletes at a competitive disadvantage. Therefore, the goal of this guide was to provide practical recommendations, based on expert panel consensus, for healthy athletes and their support staff on how to adopt appropriate behavioral, social, and psychological strategies to cope with the changes and constraints resulting from RF. The recommendations developed in this guide are not limited to prescribing appropriate exercise during the month of Ramadan (ie; schedule, frequency, intensity, duration, type of exercise, and training load), but cover different aspects of lifestyle such as nutrition, hydration, and sleep, and address psychosocial and cognitive aspects related to RF. These recommendations are intended for healthy individuals. Patients with chronic illnesses should refer to their doctor to ensure an eventual safe practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Hôpital d'orthopédie et de Médecine du Sport, Centre Médical d'excellence FIFA, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fatma Guezguez
- Université de Sousse, Hôpital Farhat HACHED, Laboratoire de recherche « Insuffisance Cardiaque » (LR12SP09), Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Karim Khalladi
- Aspetar, Hôpital d'orthopédie et de Médecine du Sport, Centre Médical d'excellence FIFA, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Observatoire National du Sport, laboratoire de recherche « Activité Physique, Sport et Santé » (UR18JS01), Tunis, Tunisie
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Tajdine Moumen Jamai
- Aspetar, Hôpital d'orthopédie et de Médecine du Sport, Centre Médical d'excellence FIFA, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Centre National de Médecine et des Sciences du Sport, Laboratoire de recherche « Optimisation des performances sportives », Tunis, Tunisie
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l'éducation physique Ksar-Saîd, Université de la Manouba, Tunisie
| | - Omar Al Sayrafi
- Aspetar, Hôpital d'orthopédie et de Médecine du Sport, Centre Médical d'excellence FIFA, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Physiologie du sport, science du sport et médecine du sport, institut du sport de Singapour, Singapour
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratoire de mathématiques industrielles et appliquées, département des mathématiques et des statistiques, Université de York, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Université de Sousse, Hôpital Farhat HACHED, Laboratoire de recherche « Insuffisance Cardiaque » (LR12SP09), Sousse, Tunisie
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7
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Washif JA, Pyne DB, Sandbakk Ø, Trabelsi K, Aziz AR, Beaven CM, Krug I, Mujika I, Ammar A, Chaouachi A, Moussa-Chamari I, Aloui A, Chtourou H, Farooq A, Haddad M, Romdhani M, Salamh P, Tabben M, Wong DP, Zerguini Y, DeLang MD, Taylor L, Saad HB, Chamari K. Ramadan intermittent fasting induced poorer training practices during the COVID-19 lockdown: A global cross-sectional study with 5529 athletes from 110 countries. Biol Sport 2022; 39:1103-1115. [PMID: 36247962 PMCID: PMC9536381 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2022.117576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ramadan intermittent fasting during the COVID-19 lockdown (RIFL) may present unique demands. We investigated training practices (i.e., training load and training times) of athletes, using pre-defined survey criteria/questions, during the 'first' COVID-19 lockdown, comparing RIFL to lockdown-alone (LD) in Muslim athletes. Specifically, a within-subject, survey-based study saw athletes (n = 5,529; from 110 countries/territories) training practices (comparing RIFL to LD) explored by comparative variables of: sex; age; continent; athlete classification (e.g., world-class); sport classification (e.g., endurance); athlete status (e.g., professional); and level of training knowledge and beliefs/attitudes (ranked as: good/moderate/poor). During RIFL (compared to LD), athlete perceptions (ranges presented given variety of comparative variables) of their training load decreased (46-62%), were maintained (31-48%) or increased (2-13%). Decreases (≥ 5%, p < 0.05) affected more athletes aged 30-39 years than those 18-29 years (60 vs 55%); more national than international athletes (59 vs 51%); more team sports than precision sports (59 vs 46%); more North American than European athletes (62 vs 53%); more semi-professional than professional athletes (60 vs 54%); more athletes who rated their beliefs/attitudes 'good' compared to 'poor' and 'moderate' (61 vs 54 and 53%, respectively); and more athletes with 'moderate' than 'poor' knowledge (58 vs 53%). During RIFL, athletes had different strategies for training times, with 13-29% training twice a day (i.e., afternoon and night), 12-26% at night only, and 18-36% in the afternoon only, with ranges depending on the comparative variables. Training loads and activities were altered negatively during RIFL compared to LD. It would be prudent for decision-makers responsible for RIFL athletes to develop programs to support athletes during such challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia (National Sports Institute of Malaysia), 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - David B. Pyne
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian, University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Martyn Beaven
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing and Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Isabel Krug
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Iñigo Mujika
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Basque Country
- Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Anis Chaouachi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory, Sport Performance Optimisation, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- AUT University, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Imen Moussa-Chamari
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Aloui
- Physical Activity, Sport & Health Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport & Health Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdulaziz Farooq
- Sports Performance Division, Institut Sukan Negara Malaysia (National Sports Institute of Malaysia), 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Physical Activity, Sport & Health Research Unit (UR18JS01), National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Paul Salamh
- Krannert School of Physical Therapy, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Montassar Tabben
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Del P. Wong
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong
| | - Yacine Zerguini
- FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence Algiers, Algeria
- Medical Committee, Confederation of African Football, Egypt
| | | | - Lee Taylor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University. National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sport & Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Laboratoire de Recherche “insuffisance cardiaque” (LR12SP09), Hôpital Farhat HACHED, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
- Laboratoire de Physiologie, Faculté de Médicine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Boujelbane MA, Khacharem A, Elghoul Y, Boukhris O, Aziz AR, Taheri M, Irandoust K, Khanfir S, Chtourou H, Clark CC, Terry PC. Ramadan observance is associated with higher fatigue and lower vigor in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-28. [DOI: 10.1080/1750984x.2022.2106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujelbane
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aimen Khacharem
- UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Yousri Elghoul
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Physiology, Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore
| | | | | | - Saber Khanfir
- Faculty of Medecine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Peter C. Terry
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
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Romdhani M, Ammar A, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Vitale JA, Masmoudi L, Nédélec M, Rae DE, Al Horani RA, Ben Saad H, Bragazzi N, Dönmez G, Dergaa I, Driss T, Farooq A, Hammouda O, Harroum N, Hassanmirzaei B, Khalladi K, Khemila S, Mataruna-Dos-Santos LJ, Moussa-Chamari I, Mujika I, Muñoz Helú H, Norouzi Fashkhami A, Paineiras-Domingos LL, Khaneghah MR, Saita Y, Souabni M, Souissi N, Washif JA, Weber J, Zmijewski P, Taylor L, Garbarino S, Chamari K. Ramadan Observance Exacerbated the Negative Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep and Training Behaviors: A International Survey on 1,681 Muslim Athletes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:925092. [PMID: 35845770 PMCID: PMC9283087 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.925092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Disrupted sleep and training behaviors in athletes have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed at investigating the combined effects of Ramadan observance and COVID-19 related lockdown in Muslim athletes. Methods From an international sample of athletes (n = 3,911), 1,681 Muslim athletes (from 44 countries; 25.1 ± 8.7 years, 38% females, 41% elite, 51% team sport athletes) answered a retrospective, cross-sectional questionnaire relating to their behavioral habits pre- and during- COVID-19 lockdown, including: (i) Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI); (ii) insomnia severity index (ISI); (iii) bespoke questions about training, napping, and eating behaviors, and (iv) questions related to training and sleep behaviors during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan. The survey was disseminated predominately through social media, opening 8 July and closing 30 September 2020. Results The lockdown reduced sleep quality and increased insomnia severity (both p < 0.001). Compared to non-Muslim (n = 2,230), Muslim athletes reported higher PSQI and ISI scores during-lockdown (both p < 0.001), but not pre-lockdown (p > 0.05). Muslim athletes reported longer (p < 0.001; d = 0.29) and later (p < 0.001; d = 0.14) daytime naps, and an increase in late-night meals (p < 0.001; d = 0.49) during- compared to pre-lockdown, associated with lower sleep quality (all p < 0.001). Both sleep quality (χ2 = 222.6; p < 0.001) and training volume (χ2 = 342.4; p < 0.001) were lower during-lockdown and Ramadan compared to lockdown outside of Ramadan in the Muslims athletes. Conclusion Muslim athletes reported lower sleep quality and higher insomnia severity during- compared to pre-lockdown, and this was exacerbated by Ramadan observance. Therefore, further attention to Muslim athletes is warranted when a circadian disrupter (e.g., lockdown) occurs during Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Romdhani
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Liwa Masmoudi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mathieu Nédélec
- The French National Institute of Sport (INSEP), Research Unit, Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA7370), Paris, France
| | - Dale E. Rae
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Laboratoire de Recherche (LR12SP09) “Insuffisance Cardiaque” Sousse, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Hôpital Farhat Hached, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nicola Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gürhan Dönmez
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Abdulaziz Farooq
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Harroum
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Science, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bahar Hassanmirzaei
- Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iran Football Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation Center, IFMARC, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim Khalladi
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - Syrine Khemila
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Leonardo Jose Mataruna-Dos-Santos
- Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Management, Canadian University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Coventry University – Centre for Trust, Peace and Social Relation, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Imen Moussa-Chamari
- Physical Education Department, College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iñigo Mujika
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Kinesiology Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hussein Muñoz Helú
- Department of Economic-Administrative Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | - Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Reabilitação e Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Yoshitomo Saita
- Department of Sports and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maher Souabni
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS (Faculty of Sport Sciences), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sports, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education, Ksar Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Johanna Weber
- Neurocognition and Action – Biomechanics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Sports Science, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lee Taylor
- National Center for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infantile Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Post-graduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
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Martínez-Rodríguez A, Miralles-Amorós L, Vicente-Martínez M, Asencio-Mas N, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, Martínez-Olcina M. Ramadan Nutritional Strategy: Professional Soccer Player Case Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030465. [PMID: 35276823 PMCID: PMC8838374 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The period of Ramadan induces changes in the usual eating patterns of individuals. During this period, Muslims must abstain from drinking and eating from dawn to dusk. Therefore, some research conducted on professional soccer players has observed that during and/or after Ramadan, performance, running speed, agility, dribbling speed, and endurance and/or skill performance in athletic events may be negatively affected by Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF). The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of a dietary plan during RIF on performance and body composition in a professional soccer player. A 20-year-old elite player (86.0 kg, 188.5 cm) followed a dietary-nutritional plan with an isocaloric diet and was supplemented with glycerol. The athlete's strength and power in the lower limbs was assessed by performing a countermovement jump (CMJ) and Abalakov vertical jump (ABK) before and after Ramadan. After nutritional planning, the patient's body composition improved in terms of fat loss (6.61 to 5.70%) and muscle mass gain (50.26 to 51.50%). In addition, this translated into improvements in performance tests, both in the CMJ (36.72 to 40.00 cm) and ABK (39.16 to 49.34 cm). In conclusion, during a period of fasting, personalised nutritional planning and an appropriate supplementation and rest protocol can improve the body composition and performance of soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.A.-M.); (M.M.-O.)
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Miralles-Amorós
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.A.-M.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Manuel Vicente-Martínez
- Faculty of Health Science, Miguel de Cervantes European University, 47012 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Nuria Asencio-Mas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.A.-M.); (M.M.-O.)
| | - Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda
- Escuela de Educación, Pedagogía en Educación Física, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 7055, Chile;
| | - María Martínez-Olcina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (L.M.-A.); (N.A.-M.); (M.M.-O.)
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The Effects of Ramadan Intermittent Fasting on Football Players and Implications for Domestic Football Leagues Over the Next Decade: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:585-600. [PMID: 34757593 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01586-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The month of Ramadan will intersect with many football leagues' schedules over the next decade. Understanding the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on physical performance is necessary to guide considerations for football players. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of RIF on physical factors in football players, and secondarily to consider the impact this may have on domestic club football leagues. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review using PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES The online literature search utilized CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, Embase.com, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and grey literature (all from database inception to May 2020). STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA Inclusion criteria consisted of studies of football (soccer) players, data collected during and/or around Ramadan, with injury and/or performance data provided. RESULTS The search yielded 11,226 studies. Twenty-two studies were included following a review of titles, abstracts, and full texts. Studies included some iteration of before-Ramadan, during-Ramadan, and after-Ramadan data. Common measures observed included ratings of perceived exertion (n = 8), sprinting (n = 7), sleep (n = 7), peak heart rate (n = 6), jumping (n = 5), Yo-Yo intermittent recovery tests (n = 4), Wingate anaerobic test (n = 3), field-specific tests (n = 3), and injury rates (n = 2). Decreased physical performance was commonly observed during late afternoon/evening testing (before breaking the fast) and with high-intensity exercise. CONCLUSION There appears to be a performance deficit related to RIF in Muslim football players. Studies should explore the effects of RIF on actual match demands. Due to the month of Ramadan emerging into league calendars, considerations should be made to accommodate Muslim football players who are intermittently fasting.
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12
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Glenn JM, Boukhris O, Khacharem A, Bouaziz B, Zmijewski P, Lanteri P, Garbarino S, Clark CCT, Chamari K, Bragazzi NL, Hill D, Chtourou H. Does observance of Ramadan affect sleep in athletes and physically active individuals? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13503. [PMID: 34693577 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an accurate description of the effect of Ramadan observance on sleep duration, sleep quality, daily nap duration, and daytime sleepiness in athletes and physically active individuals. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley, and Taylor and Francis) were used to search for relevant studies conducted with athletes or physically active individuals during Ramadan, published in any language, and available before May 23, 2021. Studies that included assessments of sleep quantity and/or quality, and/or daytime sleepiness, and/or daily naps in athletes and physically active individuals were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using "QualSyst". Of the 18 papers included in this study (298 participants in total), 14 were of strong quality, two were moderate, and the remaining two were rated as weak. Individuals who continued to train during Ramadan experienced a decrease in sleep duration (number of studies, K = 17, number of participants, N = 289, g = -0.766, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.199 to -0.333, p = 0.001). Additionally, the global score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index increased from 4.053 (K = 5, N = 65, 95% CI 3.071-5.034) pre-Ramadan, to 5.346 (95% CI 4.362-6.333) during Ramadan, indicating a decrease in sleep quality. The duration of daytime naps increased during compared to pre-Ramadan (K = 2, N = 31, g = 1.020, 95% CI 0.595-1.445, p = 0.000), whereas Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores remained unchanged during versus pre-Ramadan (K = 3, N = 31, g = 0.190, 95% CI -0.139-0.519, p = 0.257). In conclusion, individuals who continued to train during Ramadan experienced a decrease in sleep duration, impairment of sleep quality, and increase in daytime nap duration, with no change in daytime sleepiness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aimen Khacharem
- LIRTES (EA 7313), UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Bassem Bouaziz
- Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", (CNMSS); ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Nicola L Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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13
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Sleep Quality and Performance in Professional Athletes Fasting during the Month of Ramadan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136890. [PMID: 34198990 PMCID: PMC8295756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Maintaining physical performance during Ramadan Diurnal Fasting (RDF) is a challenge for professional athletes. The literature shows that sleep disturbances experienced by athletes during RDF are associated with reduced physical performance. The effect of sleep quality on physical performance, and the effect of work status on physical performance during RDF among athletes, besides engaging in trainings, have been little investigated. This study aims to evaluate the effect of RDF on the physical performance of professional athletes taking into consideration their sleep quality and work status. Methods: Professional medium-distance male runners (n = 32) participated in our study in the summer of 2019. Data about socio-demographics, training characteristics, sleep quality (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index: PSQI), physical performance (Cooper Test; Harvard step test) were collected before and during Ramadan. Student’s-test and Welch and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analysis. Results: Both quality of sleep and physical performance of athletes deteriorated during Ramadan. People with better quality of sleep had better physical fitness/performance both before and during RDF. Athletes who worked beside trainings achieved worse physical fitness test results and had worse quality of sleep. Conclusions: Policies aimed to improve physical performance in RDF should consider the quality of sleep and the work status of athletes.
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Mhenni T, Souissi A, Tayech A, Yousfi N, Mejri MA, Chamari K, Souissi N, Khlifa R, Haddad M. The effect of Ramadan fasting on the morning-evening difference in team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performances in elite female team-handball players. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1488-1499. [PMID: 34112026 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1932994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of Ramadan fasting and the time of theday on the physical performance of team-handball players has not yet been fully investigated. This study investigated the effects of Ramadan fasting on the morning-evening difference in team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performance. With acounterbalanced study design, 15 elite female team-handball players underwent the hand grip (HG), ball throwing velocity (BTV), modified agility T-test (MAT), and repeated shuttle-sprint and jump ability (RSSJA) tests at 07:00 h and 17:00 h, one week before Ramadan (BR), and during thesecond (SWR) and fourth week of Ramadan (4WR). The oral temperature (OT) was monitored prior to exercise and the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scale were obtained after RSSJA. The results showed that the time of theday had an effect on OT under all conditions. The HG, BTV, and MAT test performances were higher in the evening than in the morning BR (P< .001, P< .05, and P< .001, respectively). However, the diurnal variation noted in the HG and MAT tests was reversed during the SWR and 4WR, while the BTV variation was blunted during the SWR and reversed during the 4WR. The best RSSJA performance was observed in the evening BR. However, for the best and mean sprint times, areversal of this diurnal variation was observed, which was blunted for the mean jump height and sprint time decrement during Ramadan. Moreover, RPE were influenced by the time of theday and the month of Ramadan. These findings suggest that the diurnal variation of team-handball-related short-term maximal physical performance may be reversed and/or blunted during Ramadan fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thouraya Mhenni
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amine Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia.,Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Tayech
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Narimen Yousfi
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Arbi Mejri
- Tunisian Research Laboratory ''Sports Performance Optimization'', National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (CNMSS), Tunis, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saïd, Manouba University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Karim Chamari
- Research and Scientific Support, Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Khlifa
- Research Unit (UR17JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society", High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Saïd, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Monoem Haddad
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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15
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M. Correia J, Santos I, Pezarat-Correia P, Minderico C, V. Mendonca G. Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Specific Exercise Performance Outcomes: A Systematic Review Including Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051390. [PMID: 32408718 PMCID: PMC7284994 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been studied in athletes during Ramadan and in those willing to decrease adiposity while maintaining or increasing lean body mass. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the effects of IF on performance outcomes. We searched peer-reviewed articles in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Sport Discus (up to December 2019). Studies were selected if they included samples of adults (≥18 years), had an experimental or observational design, investigated IF (Ramadan and time-restricted feeding (TRF)), and included performance outcomes. Meta-analytical procedures were conducted when feasible. Twenty-eight articles met the eligibility criteria. Findings indicated that maximum oxygen uptake is significantly enhanced with TRF protocols (SMD = 1.32, p = 0.001), but reduced with Ramadan intermittent fasting (Ramadan IF; SMD = −2.20, p < 0.001). Additional effects of IF may be observed in body composition (body mass and fat mass). Non-significant effects were observed for muscle strength and anaerobic capacity. While Ramadan IF may lead to impairments in aerobic capacity, TRF may be effective for improving it. As there are few studies per performance outcome, more research is needed to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. Correia
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; (J.M.C.); (P.P.-C.)
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; (I.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Inês Santos
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; (I.S.); (C.M.)
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pezarat-Correia
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; (J.M.C.); (P.P.-C.)
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; (I.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Cláudia Minderico
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; (I.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Goncalo V. Mendonca
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; (J.M.C.); (P.P.-C.)
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal; (I.S.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351933206691
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Effects of 25-Min Nap Opportunity during Ramadan Observance on the 5-m Shuttle Run Performance and the Perception of Fatigue in Physically Active Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093135. [PMID: 32365914 PMCID: PMC7246774 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the effects of a 25-min nap opportunity on physical performance during the 5-m shuttle run test (5mSRT), feelings (i.e., evaluated by the feeling scale), attention (i.e., evaluated by the digit cancellation test) and the perception of fatigue (i.e., recorded by the rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) during Ramadan observance. Twelve physically active men (age: 21.1 ± 3.2 yrs, height: 1.76 ± 0.05 m, body-mass: 71.2 ± 9.3 kg) voluntarily participated in five test sessions: 15 days before Ramadan (BR), the first 10 days of Ramadan (FR), the last 10 days of Ramadan (ER), 10 days after Ramadan (10AR) and 20 days after Ramadan (20AR). During each test session, participants performed the digit cancellation test, a 5-min standard warm-up, the 5mSRT (6 × 30-s with 35-s intervals-between) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) after no-nap (N0) and 25-min nap opportunity (N25) conditions. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) during each period. The total distance covered during the 5mSRT did not differ significantly before, during or after Ramadan, but was significantly greater after N25 compared to N0 at 10AR (687.5 ± 23.0 m vs. 725.6 ± 41.1 m; p = 0.018) and 20AR (698.3 ± 19.8 m vs. 742.6 ± 58.3 m; p = 0.003). The attention scores were higher after N25 in comparison with N0 at 10AR (p = 0.04) and 20AR (p = 0.02). RPE scores were not significantly different between N25 and N0 conditions. Feelings scores were higher after N25 compared to N0 during both FR (p = 0.007) and 20AR (p = 0.04). A significant deterioration of sleep quality was recorded during Ramadan (i.e., PSQI scores were significantly higher during and after compared to BR (p < 0.0005)). A 25-min nap opportunity was beneficial for physical and cognitive performance after Ramadan observance; however, any effect is insufficient to show significant beneficial impacts during Ramadan.
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Ben Fraj S, Miladi A, Guezguez F, Ben Rejeb M, Bouguila J, Gargouri I, Rouatbi S, Latiri I, Ben Saad H. Does Ramadan Fasting Affect Spirometric Data of Healthy Adolescents? CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-PEDIATRICS 2019; 13:1179556519862280. [PMID: 31384137 PMCID: PMC6659188 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519862280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Several studies raised the effects of Ramadan fasting on healthy adults
spirometric data, but none was performed in children. The aim of this study
was to compare the spirometric data of a group of faster adolescents
(n = 26) with an age-matched non-faster one (n = 10). Methods: This comparative quasi-experimental study, including 36 healthy males aged 12
to 15 years, was conducted during the summer 2015 (Ramadan: June 18 to July
16). Three sessions (Before-Ramadan [Before-R], Mid-Ramadan [Mid-R],
After-Ramadan [After-R]) were selected for spirometry measurements.
Spirometry was performed around 5.5 to 3.5 h before sunset and the
spirometric data were expressed as percentages of local spirometric
norms. Results: The two groups of fasters and non-fasters had similar ages and weights
(13.35 ± 0.79 vs 12.96 ± 0.45 years, 46.8 ± 9.2 vs 41.7 ± 12.6 kg,
respectively). There was no effect of Ramadan fasting on forced vital
capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1),
FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow, and maximal mid-expiratory
flow. For example, during the Before-R, Mid-R, and After-R sessions, there
was no significant difference between the fasters and non-fasters mean FVC
(101 ± 11 vs 99 ± 14, 101 ± 12 vs 102 ± 14, 103 ± 11 vs 104 ± 13,
respectively) or FEV1 (101 ± 13 vs 96 ± 16, 98 ± 11 vs 97 ± 16,
101 ± 10 vs 98 ± 16, respectively). Conclusions: Ramadan fasting had no interaction effect with the spirometric data of
Tunisian healthy male adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Ben Fraj
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Amira Miladi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie
| | - Fatma Guezguez
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie.,Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ben Rejeb
- Department of Prevention and Care Safety, Sahloul Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Jihène Bouguila
- Department of Pediatrics, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imen Gargouri
- Department of Pulmonary, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Rouatbi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie.,Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imed Latiri
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie.,Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Explorations Fonctionnelles, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse, Tunisie.,Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.,Heart Failure (LR12SP09) Research Laboratory, Farhat HACHED University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
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18
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Hsouna H, Abdessalem R, Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Chtourou L, Tahri N, Engel FA, Shephard RJ, Chtourou H. Short-term maximal performance, alertness, dietary intake, sleep pattern and mood states of physically active young men before, during and after Ramadan observance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217851. [PMID: 31163075 PMCID: PMC6548427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess changes in short-term maximal performance, alertness, dietary intake, sleep pattern and mood states of physically active young men before (BR), during and after Ramadan observance. Methods Twelve physically-active men (age: 21.9±2.4yrs, height:1.77±0.09m, body-mass: 72.6±7.8kg, exercising: ≥3h/week) performed the 5-jump and the digit-cancellation (alertness) tests 15-days BR, on the first (FR) and last 10-days of Ramadan (ER) and 10-days (AR10) and 20-days (AR20) after Ramadan. During each period, sleep pattern (Pittsburgh-Sleep-Quality-Index (PSQI)), mood states (Profile-of-Mood-States (POMS)) and dietary intake were recorded. Results No significant changes in the 5-jump, digit-cancellation test and POMS parameters appeared during and after Ramadan relative to BR. However, the PSQI total score was lower during FR compared to AR10 (p<0.001). Specifically, the subjective sleep quality was lower (i) at BR compared to FR (p<0.05), AR10 (p<0.01) and AR20 (p<0.01) and (ii) at ER and AR20 compared to FR (p<0.05). The sleep duration (i) increased at FR (p<0.05) and (ii) decreased at AR10 (p<0.01) and AR20 (p<0.05) compared to BR. Sleep disturbances were significantly greater (i) at BR compared to FR (p<0.01), ER (p<0.01), AR10 (p<0.05) and AR20 (p<0.05) and (ii) at AR10 and AR20 compared to FR and ER (p<0.05). In terms of diet, the fractional contribution of carbohydrate (%) was lower and the dietary fat content (g) was higher during ER than AR10 and AR20 (p<0.05). Further, the dietary protein (in %) was significantly lower during FR compared to BR (p<0.01), ER (p<0.05), AR10 (p<0.05) and AR20 (p<0.05). Conclusion Ramadan had no-adverse effects on the 5-jump performance, alertness, or mood states in physically active young men. However, the sleep duration was shorter and the sleep quality was improved following compared to during Ramadan. The fractional intake of fat also increased at the expense of carbohydrate during Ramadan, and the protein intake was lower at the beginning of Ramadan than before, at the end of and after Ramadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsen Hsouna
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Raouf Abdessalem
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Trabelsi
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé (EM2S), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Lassaad Chtourou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Tahri
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Florian A. Engel
- Institute of Sport and Sport Science, Department Movement and Training, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Roy J. Shephard
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Institut Supérieur du Sport et de l’Education Physique de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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19
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Trabelsi K, Bragazzi N, Zlitni S, Khacharem A, Boukhris O, El-Abed K, Ammar A, Khanfir S, Shephard RJ, Hakim A, Moalla W, Chtourou H. Observing Ramadan and sleep-wake patterns in athletes: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:674-680. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of observing Ramadan on athletes’ sleep patterns.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesThe entire content of PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesSingle-group, prepost and cross-over design studies conducted in athletes aged ≥18 years, training at least twice a week and published in English before 12 July 2018 were included. Studies assessing sleep quantity, quality, daytime sleepiness and/or daily naps based on objective or subjective methods were deemed eligible.Study appraisalThe methodological quality was assessed using ‘QualSyst’.ResultsOf 13 selected articles, 7 were of strong quality, 3 were moderate and 3 were weak. 11 studies evaluated total sleep time (TST); this decreased during Ramadan in 4 studies, increased in 1 and remained unchanged in 6. Pooled TST findings indicated a moderate effect size (− 0.97, SE=0.37, 95% CI −1.69 to −0.25, t=−2.64, p=0.01) with significant heterogeneity but no publication bias. Meta-regressions showed no effects of study year, age, sample size, type of sport or competition level, but there were effects of country (with France and Tunisia being the most affected countries and Turkey the least affected, Q=32.14, p<0.0001) and study design (Q=7.74, p=0.02). Four studies measured self-reported sleep quality and it decreased in three studies. One study of sleep architecture reported more frequent waking and more light sleep during Ramadan. Daily nap duration was increased in two studies, but daytime sleepiness remained unchanged in four studies.ConclusionWhen athletes continue to train at least two times/week while observing Ramadan, TST is decreased compared with athletes’ baseline levels.
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20
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King AJ, O'Hara JP, Arjomandkhah NC, Rowe J, Morrison DJ, Preston T, King RFGJ. Liver and muscle glycogen oxidation and performance with dose variation of glucose-fructose ingestion during prolonged (3 h) exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1157-1169. [PMID: 30840136 PMCID: PMC6469629 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of small manipulations in carbohydrate (CHO) dose on exogenous and endogenous (liver and muscle) fuel selection during exercise. METHOD Eleven trained males cycled in a double-blind randomised order on 4 occasions at 60% [Formula: see text] for 3 h, followed by a 30-min time-trial whilst ingesting either 80 g h-1 or 90 g h-1 or 100 g h-1 13C-glucose-13C-fructose [2:1] or placebo. CHO doses met, were marginally lower, or above previously reported intestinal saturation for glucose-fructose (90 g h-1). Indirect calorimetry and stable mass isotope [13C] techniques were utilised to determine fuel use. RESULT Time-trial performance was 86.5 to 93%, 'likely, probable' improved with 90 g h-1 compared 80 and 100 g h-1. Exogenous CHO oxidation in the final hour was 9.8-10.0% higher with 100 g h-1 compared with 80 and 90 g h-1 (ES = 0.64-0.70, 95% CI 9.6, 1.4 to 17.7 and 8.2, 2.1 to 18.6). However, increasing CHO dose (100 g h-1) increased muscle glycogen use (101.6 ± 16.6 g, ES = 0.60, 16.1, 0.9 to 31.4) and its relative contribution to energy expenditure (5.6 ± 8.4%, ES = 0.72, 5.6, 1.5 to 9.8 g) compared with 90 g h-1. Absolute and relative muscle glycogen oxidation between 80 and 90 g h-1 were similar (ES = 0.23 and 0.38) though a small absolute (85.4 ± 29.3 g, 6.2, - 23.5 to 11.1) and relative (34.9 ± 9.1 g, - 3.5, - 9.6 to 2.6) reduction was seen in 90 g h-1 compared with 100 g h-1. Liver glycogen oxidation was not significantly different between conditions (ES < 0.42). Total fat oxidation during the 3-h ride was similar in CHO conditions (ES < 0.28) but suppressed compared with placebo (ES = 1.05-1.51). CONCLUSION 'Overdosing' intestinal transport for glucose-fructose appears to increase muscle glycogen reliance and negatively impact subsequent TT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J King
- Carnegie School of Sport, Fairfax Hall, Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QT, UK.
| | - John P O'Hara
- Carnegie School of Sport, Fairfax Hall, Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QT, UK
| | | | - Josh Rowe
- Carnegie School of Sport, Fairfax Hall, Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QT, UK
| | | | - Thomas Preston
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Roderick F G J King
- Carnegie School of Sport, Fairfax Hall, Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QT, UK
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Trabelsi K, Stannard SR, Chtourou H, Moalla W, Ghozzi H, Jamoussi K, Hakim A. Monitoring athletes’ hydration status and sleep patterns during Ramadan observance: methodological and practical considerations. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1368214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Stephen R. Stannard
- School of Sport and Exercise, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Wacim Moalla
- UR15JS01: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hanène Ghozzi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hedi Chaker University Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Hakim
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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