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Ibrahim AH, Beaumont CT, Strohacker K. Exploring Regular Exercisers' Experiences with Readiness/Recovery Scores Produced by Wearable Devices: A Descriptive Qualitative Study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2024; 49:395-405. [PMID: 38668986 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-024-09645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Meta-session autoregulation, a person-adaptive exercise programming approach, is characterized by individuals' matching exercise demands specifically to their current readiness states. Some consumer wearables provide 'recovery' or 'readiness' scores, computed primarily based on heart rate variability. Despite the growing popularity of consumer wearables and interest in person-adaptive programming, limited research exists on how exercisers interact, interpret and use these scores. This study explores individuals' experiences with wearable devices and their associated readiness or recovery scores. Seventeen regular exercisers who owned and used a Whoop™ band or Oura™ ring for at least 3 months participated in a one-on-one virtual semi-structured interview. Interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, with themes supported by 'in-vivo' quotes. This paper focuses on three key themes for a comprehensive demonstration. Theme 1, 'It's more about how I can make adjustments to optimize my programming,' (MPR) highlights users' intended use of wearables for guiding training decisions. Theme 2, 'So many things outside of training modifications have changed,' (Misty) reveals that users also modify non-exercise behaviors to manage and optimize their scores. Theme 3, 'You can't really capture the complexities of a human on a device' (Letty) underscores users' recognition of the limitations and errors associated with these devices emphasizing self-reliance to further direct behavioral adjustments. While wearable devices provide a numeric approach to measuring readiness and recovery, users prioritize self-awareness, flexibility, and personal judgment for exercise decisions. Understanding these experiences, in addition to exploring the psycho-behavioral aspects of user interactions, can contribute to refining meta-session autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Ibrahim
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, 1914 Andy Holt Avenue Health and Physical Education Recreation Building 314, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2700, USA.
| | - Cory T Beaumont
- Department of Allied Health, Sport, and Wellness, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Kelley Strohacker
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, 1914 Andy Holt Avenue Health and Physical Education Recreation Building 314, Knoxville, TN, 37996-2700, USA
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Tendero-Ortiz E, Johnson MJ, Horsfall CM, Vondrasek JD, Grosicki GJ, Riemann BL, Flatt AA. Tournament Recovery Profiles and Physical Demands in a Collegiate Women's Tennis Team. J Strength Cond Res 2024:00124278-990000000-00505. [PMID: 39074238 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Tendero-Ortiz, E, Johnson, MJ, Horsfall, CM, Vondrasek, JD, Grosicki, GJ, Riemann, BL, and Flatt, AA. Tournament recovery profiles and physical demands in a collegiate women's tennis team. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-We aimed to characterize recovery profiles and tournament physical demands in women's collegiate tennis players. A Division 1 team (n = 9) participated in the study. Markers of cardiac autonomic (resting heart rate [HR], HR variability), neuromuscular (isometric handgrip strength, seated single-arm shot-put test [SSAPT], hexagon agility, countermovement jump characteristics), and perceptual recovery were obtained before the tournament (baseline) and again 1 and 2 days posttournament. Cardiorespiratory (HR) and movement characteristics from matches were quantified with wearable devices. p values < 0.05 were statistically significant. No recovery markers differed from baseline (ps > 0.05), although small effect size reductions 1 day posttournament were noted for SSAPT, hexagon agility, and select countermovement jump characteristics. In addition, hexagon agility times and SSAPT were slower (p < 0.01) and shorter (p < 0.05), respectively, at 1 versus 2 days posttournament. Similarly, relative to 1 day posttournament, perceptual makers were improved 2 days posttournament (ps < 0.05). Mean and peak HR were higher for singles versus doubles matches (ps < 0.05). Except for average speed, movement parameters were greater during singles versus doubles matches (ps < 0.05). Markers of recovery were minimally affected 1 day posttournament relative to baseline, but perceptual and select neuromuscular markers were most improved 2 days posttournament. Thus, passive rest or limited intensity training 1 day posttournament seems advisable. Competition HR and movement profiles inform practitioners of the cardiorespiratory and locomotor demands of women's collegiate tennis, which may be useful in designing preparatory conditioning programs to ensure that players attain match-specific physical capacities in training before competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tendero-Ortiz
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University-Armstrong Campus, Savannah, Georgia
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Mirto M, Filipas L, Altini M, Codella R, Meloni A. Heart Rate Variability in Professional and Semiprofessional Soccer: A Scoping Review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14673. [PMID: 38859758 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In modern soccer, fitness and fatigue monitoring tools tend to be focused on noninvasive, time-efficient and player-friendly measures. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been suggested as an effective method for monitoring training response and readiness to perform. However, there is still a lack of consensus on HRV monitoring when it comes to soccer. Thus, this scoping review aims to map existing evidence on HRV in professional and semiprofessional soccer settings, and to identify knowledge gaps to inform future research directions. A search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar) according to the PRISMA-ScR statement was employed. Studies were screened for eligibility on inclusion criteria: (1) HRV was among the topics discussed in the article; (2) adult professional or semiprofessional soccer players were involved in the study; (3) both male and female participants; (4) no geographical area exclusion; (5) articles published in English; and (6) article full text available. The search of the selected databases revealed 8456 records. The titles and abstracts of all articles were retrieved for screening of eligibility, leaving 30 articles for further consideration. Following screening against set criteria, a total of 25 studies were included in this review, the sample size of which ranged from 6 to 124 participants. The participants in the included studies were professional and semiprofessional soccer players, interviewed clubs staff, and practitioners. Along with other monitoring strategies, morning vagally mediated HRV analysis via (ultra)short-term orthostatic measurements may be an efficient way to assess training adaptations and readiness to perform in professional and semiprofessional soccer players. Further research is required to make definitive recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Mirto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Filipas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Altini
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Codella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Meloni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Addleman JS, Lackey NS, DeBlauw JA, Hajduczok AG. Heart Rate Variability Applications in Strength and Conditioning: A Narrative Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:93. [PMID: 38921629 PMCID: PMC11204851 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is defined as the fluctuation of time intervals between adjacent heartbeats and is commonly used as a surrogate measure of autonomic function. HRV has become an increasingly measured variable by wearable technology for use in fitness and sport applications. However, with its increased use, a gap has arisen between the research and the application of this technology in strength and conditioning. The goal of this narrative literature review is to discuss current evidence and propose preliminary guidelines regarding the application of HRV in strength and conditioning. A literature review was conducted searching for HRV and strength and conditioning, aiming to focus on studies with time-domain measurements. Studies suggest that HRV is a helpful metric to assess training status, adaptability, and recovery after a training program. Although reduced HRV may be a sign of overreaching and/or overtraining syndrome, it may not be a sensitive marker in aerobic-trained athletes and therefore has different utilities for different athletic populations. There is likely utility to HRV-guided programming compared to predefined programming in several types of training. Evidence-based preliminary guidelines for the application of HRV in strength and conditioning are discussed. This is an evolving area of research, and more data are needed to evaluate the best practices for applying HRV in strength and conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Addleman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Lackey
- Center for Applied Biobehavioral Sciences (CABS), Alliant International University, San Diego, CA 92131, USA;
| | - Justin A. DeBlauw
- Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Alexander G. Hajduczok
- Department of Cardiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
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Riemann BL, Johnson MJ, Davies GJ, Flatt AA. Residual Effects of Same Day Lower Extremity Strength Training on Countermovement Jump Performance in Collegiate Women Athletes. J Hum Kinet 2024; 92:213-225. [PMID: 38736603 PMCID: PMC11079926 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/185439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Balancing of strength programming intensity with sport demands is necessary to avoid excessive workloads that could inhibit performance. To expand previous jump height focused literature, this study evaluated whether countermovement jump (CMJ) movement strategies, including eccentric characteristics, might reveal CMJ execution strategy shifts to achieve similar afternoon CMJ height following a morning resistance training session (RTS). Fifteen collegiate women's soccer and volleyball athletes (18-24 years, 73.6 ± 8.4 kg, 1.74 ± 0.19 m) participating in an offseason RTS completed five CMJs during two afternoon sessions (48 h apart), one 4-6 h post morning RTS, and one on a rest day. The RTS consisted of 2 sets of 10 repetitions at 70-80% 1RM for the back squat, the front squat, and the forward lunge. Vertical ground reaction forces were recorded from which 13 outcome measures describing elements of the eccentric and concentric CMJ phases were computed. No significant differences in jump height (p = 0.427, d = 0.17) or outcome measures (p = 0.091-0.777, d = -0.07-0.21) between sessions with exception of a significant concentric phase time decrease (p = 0.026, d = 0.23) following the RTS were identified. Given the magnitude of the mean concentric phase time change (0.01 s), the result likely has limited practical meaning. As these results confirm previous CMJ height literature, practitioners have further evidence that a morning RTS does not interfere or enhance afternoon CMJ performance in athletic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L. Riemann
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Matthew J. Johnson
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - George J. Davies
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Andrew A. Flatt
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA, USA
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Lavín-Pérez AM, Collado-Mateo D, Hinojo González C, Batista M, Mayo X, Ruisánchez Villar C, Jiménez A. An online home-based exercise program improves autonomic dysfunction in breast cancer survivors. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1256644. [PMID: 37841312 PMCID: PMC10570414 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1256644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Exercise interventions for breast cancer survivors have proved their potential to improve clinical, physical, and psychosocial outcomes. However, limited studies have explored exercise effects on autonomic dysfunction and the measurement of exercise tolerance and progression through daily heart rate variability (HRV). Purpose: To analyze the effects of a 16-wk exercise intervention on the autonomic modulation of breast cancer survivors, as well as to examine the evolution of daily measured HRV and its interaction with exercise sessions in this population. Methods: A total of 29 patients who had undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy were randomly assigned to the exercise group or to the control group. The exercise intervention was delivered remotely through online meetings and consisted of supervised training resistance and cardiovascular exercise 3 times per week. During the intervention all patients measured their HRV daily obtaining the napierian logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (lnrMSSD) and the napierian logarithm of the standard deviation of the interbeat interval of normal sinus beats (lnSDNN) values at four moments: day 0 (the morning of the training sessions), 24, 48, and 72 h after exercise. Results: The results revealed a significant interaction between group and months during the intervention period for lnrMSSD and lnSDNN (p < 0.001). Additionally, there were significant differences in lnSDNN recovery time between months (p < 0.05), while differences in lnrMSSD become apparent only 24 h after exercise (p = 0.019). The control group experienced a significant decrease in both variables monthly (p < 0.05) while exercise group experienced a significant increment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HRV is daily affected by exercise training sessions in cancer patients. Although results strongly support the role of exercise as a post-chemotherapy and radiotherapy rehabilitation strategy for breast cancer survivors to improve autonomic imbalance, further research is necessary to validate these initial findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- GO Fit LAB, GO Fit Life, Science and Technology, S.A., Madrid, Spain
- Program of Epidemiology and Public Health (Interuniversity), Ph.D. International School of Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Marco Batista
- Sport, Health, and Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Xián Mayo
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Jiménez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- GO Fit LAB, GO Fit Life, Science and Technology, S.A., Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Lavín-Pérez AM, Collado-Mateo D, Hinojo González C, de Juan Ferré A, Ruisánchez Villar C, Mayo X, Jiménez A. Exploring autonomic modulation: day-to-day recovery after exercise sessions in breast cancer survivors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1231683. [PMID: 37614512 PMCID: PMC10442838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1231683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study aimed to analyze the changes in heart rate variability (HRV) 24h, 48h and 72h after exercise sessions in breast cancer survivors. Methods Sixteen survivors who had undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy were included. Participants trained resistance and cardiovascular components 3 times per week. The intervention was supervised and delivered online for 4 weeks. In this period, patients measured their HRV daily obtaining the lnrMSSD and lnSDNN values of: day 0 (the morning of the training sessions), 24h, 48h and 72h after exercise. Results Significant changes in lnrMSSD (p=0.015) and lnSDNN (p=0.031) during recovery times and lnSDNN during the weeks were found (p=0.015). The most prominent differences were identified between the baseline measurement taken on day 0 and 24h after exercise (p=0.007 and p=0.048, respectively) and between measurements obtained 24h and 48h after the training session (p=0.019 and p=0.026, respectively). Conclusion Our study suggests that patients may decrease their lnrMSSD and lnSDNN values 24h after exercise and they were close to recover 48h after the sessions. In this regard, HRV may be an useful tool to monitor their recovery and exercise tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- GO Fit LAB, GO Fit Life, Science and Technology, S.A., Madrid, Spain
- Program of Epidemiology and Public Health (Interuniversity), Ph.D. International School Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Hinojo González
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Ana de Juan Ferré
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruisánchez Villar
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Xián Mayo
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Jiménez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- GO Fit LAB, GO Fit Life, Science and Technology, S.A., Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Rial-Vázquez J, Nine I, Guerrero-Moreno JM, Rúa-Alonso M, Fariñas J, Márquez G, Giráldez-García MA, Méndez-Bouza KY, López-Pillado H, Coutado-Sánchez E, Losada-Rodríguez A, Iglesias-Soler E. Face Masks at the Gymnasium: Physiological Responses and Mechanical Performance Are Not Compromised by Wearing Surgical or Filtering Facepiece 2 Masks in Healthy Subjects. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1404-1410. [PMID: 37347944 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Rial-Vázquez, J, Nine, I, Guerrero-Moreno, JM, Rúa-Alonso, M, Fariñas, J, Márquez, G, Giráldez-García, MA, Méndez-Bouza, KY, López-Pillado, H, Coutado-Sánchez, E, Losada-Rodríguez, A, and Iglesias-Soler, E. Face masks at the gym: physiological responses and mechanical performance are not compromised by wearing surgical or filtering facepiece 2 masks in healthy subjects. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1404-1410, 2023-This study explored the effects of wearing 2 types of face masks on mechanical performance and physiological responses during high-intensity resistance exercise. Twelve healthy men performed 3 workout protocols in a randomized order: wearing a surgical or filtering facepiece 2 (FFP2) mask or without a mask. Each workout consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions of bench press (BP) and parallel squat (SQ) with a 12 repetition maximum load, including 2 minutes of recovery between sets and exercises. Mechanical performance was evaluated through the mean propulsive velocity and the number of repetitions completed during each session. Physiological responses were the oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood lactate concentration, heart rate (HR), and HR variability. Perceived exertion was recorded after each set, and The Beck Anxiety Inventory scale was completed at the end of each workout. The number of repetitions completed and the session mean propulsive velocity {(BP [m·s-1]: surgical: 0.35 ± 0.05; FFP2: 0.36 ± 0.04; nonmask: 0.38 ± 0.06) and (SQ: surgical: 0.43 ± 0.05; FFP2: 0.40 ± 0.07; nonmask: 0.41 ± 0.05)} were similar between conditions (p > 0.05). Heart rate recorded during sessions was similar across conditions: surgical: 119 ± 14, FFP2: 117 ± 13, and nonmask: 118 ± 10 bpm (p = 0.919). Face masks had no effect on SpO2, blood lactate concentration, HR variability, perceived exertion, and anxiety values (p > 0.05). Face masks do not compromise strength performance, physiological parameters, and perceived comfort of young and healthy individuals during a high-intensity resistance training session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rial-Vázquez
- Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain; and
| | - Iván Nine
- Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain; and
| | - Jose María Guerrero-Moreno
- Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain; and
| | - María Rúa-Alonso
- Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain; and
| | - Juan Fariñas
- Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain; and
| | - Gonzalo Márquez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Avelino Giráldez-García
- Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain; and
| | | | - Hugo López-Pillado
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Etham Coutado-Sánchez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Eliseo Iglesias-Soler
- Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Physical Education, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain; and
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Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Post‐Exercise Blood Pressure from Manipulating Rest Intervals Between Sets of Resistance Training. J Hum Kinet 2022; 82:61-73. [PMID: 36196336 PMCID: PMC9465723 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare blood pressure and heart rate variability responses in physically active men after performing resistance training sessions with rest intervals of 1 min, 2 min and 3 min. Eighteen men (age, 21.6±1.1 years; body mass, 74.1±8.1 kg; body height, 175.3±7.1 cm) who performed 180min of physical activity per week participated in this study. After determining the 15RM loads for the squat, bench press, bent-over row and deadlift, participants performed a resistance training session. Participants performed three resistance training protocols in randomized counterbalanced order. Each experimental protocol comprised different rest intervals between sets of resistance training exercises (1min, 2min or 3min). During each experimental session, participants performed three sets with a 15RM load. Blood pressure and heart rate variability were measured before and for 2h after each session. The results demonstrated a greater blood pressure (p<0.05) reduction with a longer rest interval. There was no statistically significant difference in heart rate variability changes between groups. These results indicate that 2min and 3min rest intervals while using a 15RM load provide the best stimulus for a blood pressure reduction response after a resistance training session. Our findings suggest that strength and conditioning professionals should prescribe 2min or 3min rest intervals when resistance training is performed with a 15RM load if the aim is to obtain an acute reduction in blood pressure after a resistance training session.
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Oliveira-Junior SA, Boullosa D, Mendonça MLM, Vieira LFC, Mattos WW, Amaral BOC, Lima-Borges DS, Reis FA, Cezar MDM, Vanderlei LCM, Martinez PF. Effects of Circuit Weight-Interval Training on Physical Fitness, Cardiac Autonomic Control, and Quality of Life in Sedentary Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4606. [PMID: 33925277 PMCID: PMC8123620 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviors, those that involve sitting and low levels of energy expenditure, have been associated with several adverse cardiometabolic effects. This study evaluated the chronic effects of a combined circuit weight interval training (CWIT) on physical fitness, quality of life, and heart rate variability (HRV), and compared the effects of CWIT-induced autonomic adaptations on different postures in adult sedentary workers. Twenty-seven sedentary workers (age 36.9 ± 9.2 years old, 13 men and 14 women) were divided into two groups: control, who continued their sedentary behavior, and experimental, who were submitted to a CWIT for 12 weeks, completing two ~40 min sessions per week. Monitoring of 8th, 16th, and 24th sessions revealed a moderate training load during sessions. Participants exhibited an improved aerobic capacity (VO2max, 34.03 ± 5.36 vs. 36.45 ± 6.05 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05) and flexibility (22.6 ± 11.4 vs. 25.3 ± 10.1 cm, p < 0.05) after the training period. In addition, they showed greater quality of life scores. However, the CWIT did not change body composition. Interestingly, more HRV parameters were improved in the seated position. The CWIT used in the current study was associated with improvements in several fitness and quality of life parameters, as well as in cardiac autonomic control of HR in adult sedentary workers. Examination of different body positions when evaluating changes in HRV appears to be a relevant aspect to be considered in further studies. Future randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with larger samples of both sexes should confirm these promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio A. Oliveira-Junior
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (D.B.); (M.L.M.M.); (L.F.C.V.); (W.W.M.); (B.O.C.A.); (D.S.L.-B.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (D.B.); (M.L.M.M.); (L.F.C.V.); (W.W.M.); (B.O.C.A.); (D.S.L.-B.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Maria L. M. Mendonça
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (D.B.); (M.L.M.M.); (L.F.C.V.); (W.W.M.); (B.O.C.A.); (D.S.L.-B.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Larissa F. C. Vieira
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (D.B.); (M.L.M.M.); (L.F.C.V.); (W.W.M.); (B.O.C.A.); (D.S.L.-B.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Wania W. Mattos
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (D.B.); (M.L.M.M.); (L.F.C.V.); (W.W.M.); (B.O.C.A.); (D.S.L.-B.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Bruna O. C. Amaral
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (D.B.); (M.L.M.M.); (L.F.C.V.); (W.W.M.); (B.O.C.A.); (D.S.L.-B.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Dayanne S. Lima-Borges
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (D.B.); (M.L.M.M.); (L.F.C.V.); (W.W.M.); (B.O.C.A.); (D.S.L.-B.); (P.F.M.)
| | - Filipe A. Reis
- Department of Physical Therapy, Anhanguera University—UNIDERP, Campo Grande 79003-010, MS, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo D. M. Cezar
- Department of Physical Education, Itapeva Social and Agrarian Sciences College—FAIT, Itapeva 18412-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luiz C. M. Vanderlei
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sao Paulo State University—UNESP, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Paula F. Martinez
- Integrated Institute of Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS, Campo Grande 79070-900, MS, Brazil; (D.B.); (M.L.M.M.); (L.F.C.V.); (W.W.M.); (B.O.C.A.); (D.S.L.-B.); (P.F.M.)
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11
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Williams TD, Esco MR, Fedewa MV, Bishop PA. Inter- and Intra-Day Comparisons of Smartphone-Derived Heart Rate Variability across Resistance Training Overload and Taper Microcycles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 18:ijerph18010177. [PMID: 33383719 PMCID: PMC7795557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine if smartphone-derived heart rate variability (HRV) could detect changes in training load during an overload microcycle and taper, and (2) to determine the reliability of HRV measured in the morning and measured immediately prior to the testing session. Twelve powerlifters (male = 10, female = 2) completed a 3-week resistance training program consisting of an introduction microcycle, overload microcycle, and taper. Using a validated smartphone application, daily measures of resting, ultra-short natural logarithm of root mean square of successive differences were recorded in the morning (LnRMSSDM) and immediately before the test session (LnRMSSDT) following baseline, post-overload, and post-taper testing. LnRMSSDM decreased from baseline (82.9 ± 13.0) to post-overload (75.0 ± 9.9, p = 0.019), while post-taper LnRMSSDM (81.9 ± 7.1) was not different from post-overload (p = 0.056) or baseline (p = 0.998). No differences in LnRMSSDT (p < 0.05) were observed between baseline (78.3 ± 9.0), post-overload (74.4 ± 10.2), and post-taper (78.3 ± 8.0). LnRMSSDM and LnRMSSDT were strongly correlated at baseline (ICC = 0.71, p < 0.001) and post-overload (ICC = 0.65, p = 0.010), whereas there was no relationship at post-taper (ICC = 0.44, p = 0.054). Bland–Altman analyses suggest extremely wide limits of agreement (Bias ± 1.96 SD) between LnRMSSDM and LnRMSSDT at baseline (4.7 ± 15.2), post-overload (0.5 ± 16.9), and post-taper (3.7 ± 15.3). Smartphone-derived HRV, recorded upon waking, was sensitive to resistance training loads across an overload and taper microcycles in competitive strength athletes, whereas the HRV was taken immediately prior to the testing session was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Williams
- Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (M.R.E.); (M.V.F.); (P.A.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Michael R. Esco
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (M.R.E.); (M.V.F.); (P.A.B.)
| | - Michael V. Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (M.R.E.); (M.V.F.); (P.A.B.)
| | - Phillip A. Bishop
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (M.R.E.); (M.V.F.); (P.A.B.)
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12
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Holmes CJ, Winchester LJ, MacDonald HV, Fedewa MV, Wind SA, Esco MR. Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Fatigue Measures Following Moderate Load Resistance Exercise. JOURNAL OF EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY ONLINE 2020; 23:24-35. [PMID: 35822106 PMCID: PMC9273014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between changes in heart rate variability (HRV), neuromuscular performance, and fatigue biomarkers in response to a resistance exercise bout. The root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD), neuromuscular performance - isometric handgrip (IHG), countermovement jump (CMJ), mean propulsive velocity (MPV) - metabolic stress (lactate [Lac]) and inflammation (interleukin-6 [IL-6]) were measured in 30 subjects who performed 6×10 back squat (BS), 3×10 bench press (BP), and 3×10 bent-over rows (BR) at 70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM). The RMSSD, neuromuscular performance, and biomarkers were measured 10 min pre-exercise and 30 min post-exercise (Post30); HRV and Lac were also measured immediately post-exercise (Post0). Pre- versus post-exercise differences were evaluated using paired-samples t-tests. Pearson's correlations were used to determine the association between changes. With the exception of IL-6 (P=0.296) and MPVBP (P=0.678), LnRMSSD, neuromuscular performance, and metabolic stress were different post- compared to pre-exercise. We observed moderate associations between ΔLnRMSSD Post0 and ΔLac Post0 (r = -0.44) and ΔLac Post30 (r = -0.55), respectively. Practitioners should use multiple training load indicators to gain an accurate depiction of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifton J. Holmes
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | | | | | | | - Stefanie A. Wind
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
| | - Michael R. Esco
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL
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13
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Thamm A, Freitag N, Figueiredo P, Doma K, Rottensteiner C, Bloch W, Schumann M. Can Heart Rate Variability Determine Recovery Following Distinct Strength Loadings? A Randomized Cross-Over Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224353. [PMID: 31703468 PMCID: PMC6888606 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the acute effects of hypertrophic (HYP) and maximum strength (MAX) loadings on heart rate variability (HRV) and to compare possible loading-specific alterations with other markers of recovery. Ten young men with strength training experience performed two leg press loadings (HYP: five times 10 repetitions at 70% of one repetition maximum (1RM) with 2 minutes inter-set rest; MAX: 15 times one repetition at 100% of 1RM with 3 minutes inter-set rest) in a randomized order. The root mean square of successive differences statistically decreased after both protocols (HYP: 65.7 ± 26.6 ms to 23.9 ± 18.7 ms, p = 0.026; MAX: 77.7 ± 37.0 ms to 55.3 ± 22.3 ms, p = 0.049), while the frequency domains of HRV remained statistically unaltered. The low frequency (LF) band statistically increased at 48h post-MAX only (p = 0.033). Maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MVC) statistically decreased after HYP (p = 0.026) and returned to baseline after 24h of recovery. Creatine kinase (CK) statistically increased above baseline at 1h post-loadings (HYP p = 0.028; MAX p = 0.020), returning to baseline at 24h post. Our findings indicate no distinct associations between changes in HRV and MVC or CK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Thamm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (A.T.); (N.F.); (W.B.)
| | - Nils Freitag
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (A.T.); (N.F.); (W.B.)
| | - Pedro Figueiredo
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal
| | - Kenji Doma
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia;
| | | | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (A.T.); (N.F.); (W.B.)
| | - Moritz Schumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (A.T.); (N.F.); (W.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-221-4982-4821
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