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Ahkola H, Kotamäki N, Siivola E, Tiira J, Imoscopi S, Riva M, Tezel U, Juntunen J. Uncertainty in Environmental Micropollutant Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 74:380-398. [PMID: 38816505 PMCID: PMC11227446 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01989-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution policies have been enacted across the globe to minimize the environmental risks posed by micropollutants (MPs). For regulative institutions to be able to ensure the realization of environmental objectives, they need information on the environmental fate of MPs. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to further improve environmental decision-making, which heavily relies on scientific data. Use of mathematical and computational modeling in environmental permit processes for water construction activities has increased. Uncertainty of input data considers several steps from sampling and analysis to physico-chemical characteristics of MP. Machine learning (ML) methods are an emerging technique in this field. ML techniques might become more crucial for MP modeling as the amount of data is constantly increasing and the emerging new ML approaches and applications are developed. It seems that both modeling strategies, traditional and ML, use quite similar methods to obtain uncertainties. Process based models cannot consider all known and relevant processes, making the comprehensive estimation of uncertainty challenging. Problems in a comprehensive uncertainty analysis within ML approach are even greater. For both approaches generic and common method seems to be more useful in a practice than those emerging from ab initio. The implementation of the modeling results, including uncertainty and the precautionary principle, should be researched more deeply to achieve a reliable estimation of the effect of an action on the chemical and ecological status of an environment without underestimating or overestimating the risk. The prevailing uncertainties need to be identified and acknowledged and if possible, reduced. This paper provides an overview of different aspects that concern the topic of uncertainty in MP modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Ahkola
- Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Niina Kotamäki
- Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Siivola
- Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Tiira
- Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefano Imoscopi
- IDSIA, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Via Buffi 13, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Riva
- Independent Researcher. Work Carried Out While Employed at IDSIA, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Ulas Tezel
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Hisar Campus, Bebek, Istanbul, 34342, Turkey
| | - Janne Juntunen
- Finnish Environment Institute (Syke), Latokartanonkaari 11, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
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Huang S, Xia J, Wang Y, Lei J, Wang G. Water quality prediction based on sparse dataset using enhanced machine learning. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 20:100402. [PMID: 38585199 PMCID: PMC10998092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Water quality in surface bodies remains a pressing issue worldwide. While some regions have rich water quality data, less attention is given to areas that lack sufficient data. Therefore, it is crucial to explore novel ways of managing source-oriented surface water pollution in scenarios with infrequent data collection such as weekly or monthly. Here we showed sparse-dataset-based prediction of water pollution using machine learning. We investigated the efficacy of a traditional Recurrent Neural Network alongside three Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models, integrated with the Load Estimator (LOADEST). The research was conducted at a river-lake confluence, an area with intricate hydrological patterns. We found that the Self-Attentive LSTM (SA-LSTM) model outperformed the other three machine learning models in predicting water quality, achieving Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) scores of 0.71 for CODMn and 0.57 for NH3N when utilizing LOADEST-augmented water quality data (referred to as the SA-LSTM-LOADEST model). The SA-LSTM-LOADEST model improved upon the standalone SA-LSTM model by reducing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) by 24.6% for CODMn and 21.3% for NH3N. Furthermore, the model maintained its predictive accuracy when data collection intervals were extended from weekly to monthly. Additionally, the SA-LSTM-LOADEST model demonstrated the capability to forecast pollution loads up to ten days in advance. This study shows promise for improving water quality modeling in regions with limited monitoring capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117578 Singapore
| | - Jun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yueling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiarui Lei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117578 Singapore
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Li W, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Dong Z, Wang F, Huang F. Research progress in water quality prediction based on deep learning technology: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:26415-26431. [PMID: 38538994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Water, an invaluable and non-renewable resource, plays an indispensable role in human survival and societal development. Accurate forecasting of water quality involves early identification of future pollutant concentrations and water quality indices, enabling evidence-based decision-making and targeted environmental interventions. The emergence of advanced computational technologies, particularly deep learning, has garnered considerable interest among researchers for applications in water quality prediction because of its robust data analytics capabilities. This article comprehensively reviews the deployment of deep learning methodologies in water quality forecasting, encompassing single-model and mixed-model approaches. Additionally, we delineate optimization strategies, data fusion techniques, and other factors influencing the efficacy of deep learning-based water quality prediction models, because understanding and mastering these factors are crucial for accurate water quality prediction. Although challenges such as data scarcity, long-term prediction accuracy, and limited deployments of large-scale models persist, future research aims to address these limitations by refining prediction algorithms, leveraging high-dimensional datasets, evaluating model performance, and broadening large-scale model application. These efforts contribute to precise water resource management and environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Li
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, School of Environment, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yining Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, School of Environment, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongtian Dong
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenghe Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, School of Environment, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengliang Huang
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, School of Environment, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Li Y, Ma L, Huang J, Disse M, Zhan W, Li L, Zhang T, Sun H, Tian Y. Machine learning parallel system for integrated process-model calibration and accuracy enhancement in sewer-river system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 18:100320. [PMID: 37860826 PMCID: PMC10583054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The process-based water system models have been transitioning from single-functional to integrated multi-objective and multi-functional since the worldwide digital upgrade of urban water system management. The proliferation of model complexity results in more significant uncertainty and computational requirements. However, conventional model calibration methods are insufficient in dealing with extensive computational time and limited monitoring samples. Here we introduce a novel machine learning system designed to expedite parameter optimization with limited data and boost efficiency in parameter search. MLPS, termed the machine learning parallel system for fast parameter search of integrated process-based models, aims to enhance both the performance and efficiency of the integrated model by ensuring its comprehensiveness, accuracy, and stability. MLPS was constructed upon the concept of model surrogation + algorithm optimization using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) coupled with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The optimization results of the Integrated sewer network and urban river model demonstrate that the average relative percentage difference of the predicted river pollutant concentrations increases from 1.1 to 6.0, and the average absolute percent bias decreases from 124.3% to 8.8%. The model outputs closely align with the monitoring data, and parameter calibration time is reduced by 89.94%. MLPS enables the efficient optimization of integrated process-based models, facilitating the application of highly precise complex models in environmental management. The design of MLPS also presents valuable insights for optimizing complex models in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- Chair of Hydrology and River Basin Management, Technical University Munich, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jingshui Huang
- Chair of Hydrology and River Basin Management, Technical University Munich, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Disse
- Chair of Hydrology and River Basin Management, Technical University Munich, Arcisstrasse 21, 80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lipin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Huihang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Amador-Castro F, González-López ME, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Garcia-Gonzalez A, Díaz-Torres O, Carbajal-Espinosa O, Gradilla-Hernández MS. Internet of Things and citizen science as alternative water quality monitoring approaches and the importance of effective water quality communication. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:119959. [PMID: 38194871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for water and worsening climate change place significant pressure on this vital resource, making its preservation a global priority. Water quality monitoring programs are essential for effectively managing this resource. Current programs rely on traditional monitoring approaches, leading to limitations such as low spatiotemporal resolution and high operational costs. Despite the adoption of novel monitoring approaches that enable better data resolution, the public's comprehension of water quality matters remains low, primarily due to communication process deficiencies. This study explores the advantages and challenges of using Internet of Things (IoT) and citizen science as alternative monitoring approaches, emphasizing the need for enhancing public communication of water quality data. Through a systematic review of studies implemented on-field, we identify and propose strategies to address five key challenges that IoT and citizen science monitoring approaches must overcome to mature into robust sources of water quality information. Additionally, we highlight three fundamental problems affecting the water quality communication process and outline strategies to convey this topic effectively to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Amador-Castro
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramon Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Martín Esteban González-López
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramon Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez
- Water@leeds, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Gonzalez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de La Salud, Av. General Ramon Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Osiris Díaz-Torres
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramon Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
| | - Oscar Carbajal-Espinosa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramon Corona No. 2514, 45201, Zapopan, Jal., Mexico
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Chen J, Li H, Felix M, Chen Y, Zheng K. >Water quality prediction of artificial intelligence model: a case of Huaihe River Basin, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:14610-14640. [PMID: 38273086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of water quality contributes to the intelligent management of water resources. Water quality indices have time series characteristics and nonlinearity, but the existing models only focus on the forward time series when long short-term memory (LSTM) is introduced and do not consider the parallel computation on the model. Owing to this, a new neural network called LSTM-multihead attention (LMA) was constructed to predict water quality, using long short-term memory to process time series data and multihead attention for parallel computing and extracting feature information. Additionally, water quality indices have the issues of multiple data types and complex data correlations, as well as missing data and abnormal data problems in water quality data. In order to solve these problems, this study proposes a water quality prediction model called GRA-LMA-based linear interpolation, gray relational analysis and LMA. Two experiments are carried out to verify the predictive performance of the GRA-LMA with the water quality data of the Huaihe River Basin as a case study sample. The first experiment focuses on data processing, including the processing of missing data and abnormal data of water quality data, and the correlation analysis of water quality indices. Linear interpolation is adapted to process the missing data, while a combination of boxplot and histogram is adopted to analyze and eliminate the abnormal data, which is then repaired the abnormal data with linear interpolation. The gray relational analysis is adopted to calculate the correlation between different water quality indices, and water quality indices with high correlation are retained to determine the input variables of the water quality prediction model. The data processing results demonstrate that repairs can be made using linear interpolation without altering the pattern of data change and the model by using the gray relational analysis to reduce the quantity of data it needs as input. In the second experiment, the predictive capacity of GRA-LMA and existing models such as backpropagation neural network (BP), recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gate recurrent unit (GRU) was evaluated and compared using different numerical and graphical performance evaluation metrics. Comparative experimental results show that the mean square error of pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen of GRA-LMA is reduced to 0.05890, 0.40196, 0.32454, 0.04368, 14.71003, 8.13252, 0.01558, and 0.14345. The results indicate that GRA-LMA has superior adaptability for predicting various water quality indices and can significantly lower the induced prediction error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, No. 168, Taifeng Road, Huainan, 232001, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Haiyang Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, No. 168, Taifeng Road, Huainan, 232001, China.
| | - Manirankunda Felix
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, No. 168, Taifeng Road, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Yudi Chen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford RD, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | - Keqiang Zheng
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, No. 168, Taifeng Road, Huainan, 232001, China
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Fu X, Jiang J, Wu X, Huang L, Han R, Li K, Liu C, Roy K, Chen J, Mahmoud NTA, Wang Z. Deep learning in water protection of resources, environment, and ecology: achievement and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:14503-14536. [PMID: 38305966 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The breathtaking economic development put a heavy toll on ecology, especially on water pollution. Efficient water resource management has a long-term influence on the sustainable development of the economy and society. Economic development and ecology preservation are tangled together, and the growth of one is not possible without the other. Deep learning (DL) is ubiquitous in autonomous driving, medical imaging, speech recognition, etc. The spectacular success of deep learning comes from its power of richer representation of data. In view of the bright prospects of DL, this review comprehensively focuses on the development of DL applications in water resources management, water environment protection, and water ecology. First, the concept and modeling steps of DL are briefly introduced, including data preparation, algorithm selection, and model evaluation. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used algorithms are analyzed according to their structures and mechanisms, and recommendations on the selection of DL algorithms for different studies, as well as prospects for the application and development of DL in water science are proposed. This review provides references for solving a wider range of water-related problems and brings further insights into the intelligent development of water science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Fu
- Ecological Environment Management and Assessment Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Ecological Environment Management and Assessment Center, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Xie Wu
- China Railway Water Information Technology Co, LTD, Nanchang, 330000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Han
- China Environment Publishing Group, Beijing, 100062, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Freeman Business School, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
- Guangzhou Huacai Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 511480, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Kallol Roy
- Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu, 51009, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jianyu Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Zhenxing Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China.
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Gholami H, Mohammadifar A, Behrooz RD, Kaskaoutis DG, Li Y, Song Y. Intrinsic and extrinsic techniques for quantification uncertainty of an interpretable GRU deep learning model used to predict atmospheric total suspended particulates (TSP) in Zabol, Iran during the dusty period of 120-days wind. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123082. [PMID: 38061429 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Total suspended particulates (TSP), as a key pollutant, is a serious threat for air quality, climate, ecosystems and human health. Therefore, measurements, prediction and forecasting of TSP concentrations are necessary to mitigate their negative effects. This study applies the gated recurrent unit (GRU) deep learning model to predict TSP concentrations in Zabol, Iran, during the dust period of the 120-day wind (3 June - 4 October 2014). Three uncertainty quantification (UQ) techniques consisting of the blackbox metamodel, heteroscedastic regression and infinitesimal jackknife were applied to quantify the uncertainty associated with GRU model. Permutation feature importance measure (PFIM), based on the game theory, was employed for the interpretability of the predictive model's outputs. A total of 80 TSP samples were collected and were randomly divided as training (70%) and validation (30%) datasets, while eight variables were used in the TSP prediction model. Our findings showed that GRU performed very well for TSP prediction (with r and Nash Sutcliffe coefficient (NSC) values above 0.99 for both datasets, and RMSE of 57 μg m-3 and 73 μg m-3 for training and validation datasets, respectively). Among the three UQ techniques, the infinitesimal jackknife was the most accurate one, while all the observed and predicted TSP values fell within the continence limitation estimated by the model. PFIM plots showed that wind speed and air humidity were the most and least important variables, respectively, impacting the predictive model's outputs. This is the first attempt of using an interpretable DL model for TSP prediction modelling, recommending that future research should involve aspects of uncertainty and interpretability of the predictive models. Overall, UQ and interpretability techniques have a key role in reducing the impact of uncertainties during optimization and decision making, resulting in better understanding of sophisticated mechanisms related to the predictive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Gholami
- Department of Natural Resources Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran.
| | - Aliakbar Mohammadifar
- Department of Natural Resources Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandar-Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, P.O. Box 98615-538, Zabol, Iran
| | - Dimitris G Kaskaoutis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, 50100, Greece
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yougui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266061, China.
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9
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Wang J, Xue B, Wang Y, A Y, Wang G, Han D. Identification of pollution source and prediction of water quality based on deep learning techniques. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2024; 261:104287. [PMID: 38219283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Semi-arid rivers are particularly vulnerable and responsive to the impacts of industrial contamination. Prompt identification and projection of pollutant dynamics are crucial in the accidental pollution incidents, therefore required the timely informed and effective management strategies. In this study, we collected water quality monitoring data from a typical semi-arid river. By water quality inter-correlation mapping, we identified the regularity and abnormal fluctuations of pollutant discharges. Combining the association rule method (Apriori) and characterized pollutants of different industries, we tracked major industrial pollution sources in the Dahei River Basin. Meanwhile, we deployed the integrated multivariate long and short-term memory network (LSTM) to forecast principal contaminants. Our findings revealed that (1) biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and ammonia nitrogen exhibited high inter-correlations in water quality mapping, with lead and cadmium also demonstrating a strong association; (2) The main point sources of contaminant were coking, metal mining, and smelting industries. The government should strengthen the regulation and control of these industries and prevent further pollution of the river; (3) We confirmed 4 key pollutants: COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Our study accurately predicted the future changes in this water quality index. The best results were obtained when the prediction period was 1 day. The prediction accuracies reached 85.85%, 47.15%, 85.66%, and 89.07%, respectively. In essence, this research developed effective water quality traceability and predictive analysis methods in semi-arid river basins. It provided an effective tool for water quality surveillance in semi-arid river basins and imparts a scientific scaffold for the environmental stewardship endeavors of pertinent authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Baolin Xue
- Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application (IRCSA), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yuntao Wang
- Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application (IRCSA), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yinglan A
- Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application (IRCSA), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Innovation Research Center of Satellite Application (IRCSA), Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongqing Han
- Hohhot Environmental Monitoring Branch Station of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010030, China
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Zhao T, Shen Z, Zhong P, Zou H, Han M. Detection and prediction of pathogenic microorganisms in aquaculture (Zhejiang Province, China). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8210-8222. [PMID: 38175512 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The detection and prediction of pathogenic microorganisms play a crucial role in the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Currently, researchers mainly focus on the prediction of water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen for early warning. To provide early warning directly from the pathogenic source, this study proposes an innovative approach for the detection and prediction of pathogenic microorganisms based on yellow croaker aquaculture. Specifically, a method based on quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is designed to detect the Cryptocaryon irritans (Cri) pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, we design a predictive combination model for small samples and high noise data to achieve early warning. After performing wavelet analysis to denoise the data, two data augmentation strategies are used to expand the dataset and then combined with the BP neural network (BPNN) to build the fusion prediction model. To ensure the stability of the detection method, we conduct repeatability and sensitivity tests on the designed qPCR detection technique. To verify the validity of the model, we compare the combined BPNN to long short-term memory (LSTM). The experimental results show that the qPCR method provides accurate quantitative measurement of Cri pathogenic microorganisms, and the combined model achieves a good level. The prediction model demonstrates higher accuracy in predicting Cri pathogenic microorganisms compared to the LSTM method, with evaluation indicators including mean absolute error (MAE), recall rate, and accuracy rate. Especially, the accuracy of early warning is increased by 54.02%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhencai Shen
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies for Aquatic Animals and Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ping Zhong
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies for Aquatic Animals and Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies for Aquatic Animals and Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Mingming Han
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang, 310021, China
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11
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Gani A, Singh M, Pathak S, Hussain A. Groundwater quality index development using the ANN model of Delhi Metropolitan City, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31584-4. [PMID: 38133760 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater is widely recognized as a vital source of fresh drinking water worldwide. However, the rapid, unregulated population growth and increased industrialization, coupled with a rise in human activities, have significantly harmed the quality of groundwater. Changes in the local topography and drainage systems in an area have negative impacts on both the quality and quantity of groundwater. This underscores the critical need to assess the susceptibility of groundwater to pollution and implement measures to mitigate these risks. The water quality index (WQI) is an approach that simulates the water quality at peculiar locations for a particular period of time. The artificial neural network (ANN) model approach is such an idealistic methodology that can be utilized for WQI development and provides better results for specific locations in optimum time. Therefore, the goal of the current study is to provide a unique way for using artificial neural networks (ANN) to characterize the groundwater quality of Delhi Metropolitan City, India. In order to make the water fit for residential and drinking use, the research also pinpoints the geographical variability and spots where the contaminated region has to be sufficiently cleaned. A minimum WQI of 41.51 was obtained at the Jagatpur location while a maximum value of 779.01 was at the Peeragarhi location. During the training phase, the results obtained using the ANN model were highly favorable, demonstrating a strong association with an R-value of 98.10%, thus highlighting the program's exceptional efficiency. However, in accordance with the correlation regression findings, the prediction outcomes of the ANN model in testing are observed to be an R-value of 99.99-100%. This study confirms the promise and advantages of employing advanced artificial intelligence in managing groundwater quality in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Gani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, 110073, India
| | - Mohit Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, 110073, India
| | - Shray Pathak
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India.
| | - Athar Hussain
- Department of Civil Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, New Delhi, 110073, India
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12
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Zamani MG, Nikoo MR, Jahanshahi S, Barzegar R, Meydani A. Forecasting water quality variable using deep learning and weighted averaging ensemble models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124316-124340. [PMID: 37996598 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Water quality variables, including chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), play a pivotal role in comprehending and evaluating the condition of aquatic ecosystems. Chl-a, a pigment present in diverse aquatic organisms, notably algae and cyanobacteria, serves as a valuable indicator of water quality. Thus, the objectives of this study encompass: (1) the assessment of the predictive capabilities of four deep learning (DL) models - namely, recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), gated recurrence unit (GRU), and temporal convolutional network (TCN) - in forecasting Chl-a concentrations; (2) the incorporation of these DL models into ensemble models (EMs) employing genetic algorithm (GA) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to harness the strengths of each standalone model; and (3) the evaluation of the efficacy of the developed EMs. Utilizing data collected at 15-min intervals from Small Prespa Lake (SPL) in Greece, the models employed hourly Chl-a concentration lag times, extending up to 6 h, as models' inputs to forecast Chla (t+1). The proposed models underwent training on 70% of the dataset and were subsequently validated on the remaining 30%. Among the standalone DL models, the GRU model exhibited superior performance in Chl-a forecasting, surpassing the RNN, LSTM, and TCN models by 8%, 2%, and 2%, respectively. Furthermore, the integration of DL models through single-objective GA and multi-objective NSGA-II optimization algorithms yielded hybrid models adept at effectively forecasting both low and high Chl-a concentrations. The ensemble model based on NSGA-II outperformed standalone DL models as well as the GA-based model across a range of evaluation indices. For instance, considering the R-squared metric, the study's findings demonstrated that the EM-NSGA-II stands out with exceptional effectiveness compared to DL and EM-GA models, showcasing improvements of 14% (RNN), 8% (LSTM), 6% (GRU), 8% (TCN), and 3% (EM-GA) during the testing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad G Zamani
- Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nikoo
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Sina Jahanshahi
- Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Barzegar
- Groundwater Research Group (GRES), Research Institute on Mines and Environment (RIME), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Amos, Québec, Canada
| | - Amirreza Meydani
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Pyo J, Pachepsky Y, Kim S, Abbas A, Kim M, Kwon YS, Ligaray M, Cho KH. Long short-term memory models of water quality in inland water environments. WATER RESEARCH X 2023; 21:100207. [PMID: 38098887 PMCID: PMC10719578 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2023.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Water quality is substantially influenced by a multitude of dynamic and interrelated variables, including climate conditions, landuse and seasonal changes. Deep learning models have demonstrated predictive power of water quality due to the superior ability to automatically learn complex patterns and relationships from variables. Long short-term memory (LSTM), one of deep learning models for water quality prediction, is a type of recurrent neural network that can account for longer-term traits of time-dependent data. It is the most widely applied network used to predict the time series of water quality variables. First, we reviewed applications of a standalone LSTM and discussed its calculation time, prediction accuracy, and good robustness with process-driven numerical models and the other machine learning. This review was expanded into the LSTM model with data pre-processing techniques, including the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise method and Synchrosqueezed Wavelet Transform. The review then focused on the coupling of LSTM with a convolutional neural network, attention network, and transfer learning. The coupled networks demonstrated their performance over the standalone LSTM model. We also emphasized the influence of the static variables in the model and used the transformation method on the dataset. Outlook and further challenges were addressed. The outlook for research and application of LSTM in hydrology concludes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- JongCheol Pyo
- Department for Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yakov Pachepsky
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Soobin Kim
- School of Civil, Urban, Earth, and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Disposal Safety Evaluation R&D Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 111, Daedeok-daero 989 beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Ather Abbas
- Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Disposal Safety Evaluation R&D Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 111, Daedeok-daero 989 beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kwon
- Environmental Impact Assessment Team, Division of Ecological Assessment Research, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mayzonee Ligaray
- Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Kyung Hwa Cho
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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14
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Arepalli PG, Naik KJ. An IoT-based water contamination analysis for aquaculture using lightweight multi-headed GRU model. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1516. [PMID: 37991560 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the quality of water is essential for the health and productivity of aquatic organisms, including fish in aquaculture ponds. However, water contamination can severely impact fish health and survival, making it necessary to develop monitoring systems that can detect early signs of water contamination. Initial deep learning models had limitations in capturing the temporal and spatial dependencies of time-series data, which can lead to inaccurate predictions. In this paper, we propose a smart monitoring system that uses IoT devices to collect water quality data and segment it into contaminated and non-contaminated categories based on a water toxic index (WTI), a measure of water contamination levels. To address the limitations of early deep learning models for classification of toxic and non-toxic water quality, an enhanced light-weight multi-headed gated recurrent unit (MHGRU) model that captures the spatial and temporal dependencies of water quality parameters. Our study demonstrates that the proposed model outperforms existing models, achieving an impressive accuracy of 99.7% when evaluated on real-time data. Notably, our model also excels when tested on a public dataset, achieving an accuracy of 99.12%. In comparison, best performed existing ANN models achieve accuracies of 99.52% and 98.71% on the respective datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peda Gopi Arepalli
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India.
| | - K Jairam Naik
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Raipur, India
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15
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Cojbasic S, Dmitrasinovic S, Kostic M, Turk Sekulic M, Radonic J, Dodig A, Stojkovic M. Application of machine learning in river water quality management: a review. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2297-2308. [PMID: 37966184 PMCID: wst_2023_331 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), has been increasingly used in environmental engineering due to the ability to analyze complex nonlinear problems (such as ones connected with water quality management) through a data-driven approach. This study provides an overview of different ML algorithms applied for monitoring and predicting river water quality. Different parameters could be monitored or predicted, such as dissolved oxygen (DO), biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD and COD), turbidity levels, the concentration of different ions (such as Mg2+ and Ca2+), heavy metal or other pollutant's concentration, pH, temperature, and many more. Although many algorithms have been investigated for the prediction of river water quality, there are several which are most commonly used in engineering practice. These models mostly include so-called supervised learning algorithms, such as artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), and deep learning (DL). To further enhance prediction power, novel hybrid algorithms, could be used. However, the quality of prediction is not only dependent on the applied algorithm but also on the availability of previously mentioned water quality parameters, their selection, and the combination of input data used to train the ML model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Cojbasic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia E-mail:
| | - Sonja Dmitrasinovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Marija Kostic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maja Turk Sekulic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jelena Radonic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ana Dodig
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence R&D of Serbia, Fruskogorska 1, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Stojkovic
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence R&D of Serbia, Fruskogorska 1, Novi Sad, Serbia
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16
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Wang X, Li Y, Qiao Q, Tavares A, Liang Y. Water Quality Prediction Based on Machine Learning and Comprehensive Weighting Methods. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:1186. [PMID: 37628216 PMCID: PMC10453428 DOI: 10.3390/e25081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In the context of escalating global environmental concerns, the importance of preserving water resources and upholding ecological equilibrium has become increasingly apparent. As a result, the monitoring and prediction of water quality have emerged as vital tasks in achieving these objectives. However, ensuring the accuracy and dependability of water quality prediction has proven to be a challenging endeavor. To address this issue, this study proposes a comprehensive weight-based approach that combines entropy weighting with the Pearson correlation coefficient to select crucial features in water quality prediction. This approach effectively considers both feature correlation and information content, avoiding excessive reliance on a single criterion for feature selection. Through the utilization of this comprehensive approach, a comprehensive evaluation of the contribution and importance of the features was achieved, thereby minimizing subjective bias and uncertainty. By striking a balance among various factors, features with stronger correlation and greater information content can be selected, leading to improved accuracy and robustness in the feature-selection process. Furthermore, this study explored several machine learning models for water quality prediction, including Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). SVM exhibited commendable performance in predicting Dissolved Oxygen (DO), showcasing excellent generalization capabilities and high prediction accuracy. MLP demonstrated its strength in nonlinear modeling and performed well in predicting multiple water quality parameters. Conversely, the RF and XGBoost models exhibited relatively inferior performance in water quality prediction. In contrast, the LSTM model, a recurrent neural network specialized in processing time series data, demonstrated exceptional abilities in water quality prediction. It effectively captured the dynamic patterns present in time series data, offering stable and accurate predictions for various water quality parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhe Wang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Industrial Electronics, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ying Li
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Industrial Electronics, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
| | - Qian Qiao
- School of Applied Chemistry and Materials, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China; (X.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Adriano Tavares
- Department of Industrial Electronics, School of Engineering, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
| | - Yanchun Liang
- School of Computer Science, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China
- Key Laboratory of Symbol Computation and Knowledge Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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17
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El-Ssawy W, Elhegazy H, Abd-Elrahman H, Eid M, Badra N. Identification of the best model to predict optical properties of water. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 25:6781-6797. [DOI: 10.1007/s10668-022-02331-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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18
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Tselemponis A, Stefanis C, Giorgi E, Kalmpourtzi A, Olmpasalis I, Tselemponis A, Adam M, Kontogiorgis C, Dokas IM, Bezirtzoglou E, Constantinidis TC. Coastal Water Quality Modelling Using E. coli, Meteorological Parameters and Machine Learning Algorithms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6216. [PMID: 37444064 PMCID: PMC10341787 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, machine learning models were implemented to predict the classification of coastal waters in the region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace (EMT) concerning Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration and weather variables in the framework of the Directive 2006/7/EC. Six sampling stations of EMT, located on beaches of the regional units of Kavala, Xanthi, Rhodopi, Evros, Thasos and Samothraki, were selected. All 1039 samples were collected from May to September within a 14-year follow-up period (2009-2021). The weather parameters were acquired from nearby meteorological stations. The samples were analysed according to the ISO 9308-1 for the detection and the enumeration of E. coli. The vast majority of the samples fall into category 1 (Excellent), which is a mark of the high quality of the coastal waters of EMT. The experimental results disclose, additionally, that two-class classifiers, namely Decision Forest, Decision Jungle and Boosted Decision Tree, achieved high Accuracy scores over 99%. In addition, comparing our performance metrics with those of other researchers, diversity is observed in using algorithms for water quality prediction, with algorithms such as Decision Tree, Artificial Neural Networks and Bayesian Belief Networks demonstrating satisfactory results. Machine learning approaches can provide critical information about the dynamic of E. coli contamination and, concurrently, consider the meteorological parameters for coastal waters classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Tselemponis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (A.T.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (I.O.); (A.T.); (M.A.); (C.K.); (E.B.); (T.C.C.)
| | - Christos Stefanis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (A.T.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (I.O.); (A.T.); (M.A.); (C.K.); (E.B.); (T.C.C.)
| | - Elpida Giorgi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (A.T.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (I.O.); (A.T.); (M.A.); (C.K.); (E.B.); (T.C.C.)
| | - Aikaterini Kalmpourtzi
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (A.T.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (I.O.); (A.T.); (M.A.); (C.K.); (E.B.); (T.C.C.)
| | - Ioannis Olmpasalis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (A.T.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (I.O.); (A.T.); (M.A.); (C.K.); (E.B.); (T.C.C.)
| | - Antonios Tselemponis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (A.T.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (I.O.); (A.T.); (M.A.); (C.K.); (E.B.); (T.C.C.)
| | - Maria Adam
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (A.T.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (I.O.); (A.T.); (M.A.); (C.K.); (E.B.); (T.C.C.)
| | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (A.T.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (I.O.); (A.T.); (M.A.); (C.K.); (E.B.); (T.C.C.)
| | - Ioannis M. Dokas
- Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece;
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (A.T.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (I.O.); (A.T.); (M.A.); (C.K.); (E.B.); (T.C.C.)
| | - Theodoros C. Constantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupoli, Greece; (A.T.); (E.G.); (A.K.); (I.O.); (A.T.); (M.A.); (C.K.); (E.B.); (T.C.C.)
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Mokarram M, Pourghasemi HR, Pham TM. An applicability test of the conventional and neural network methods to map the overall water quality of the Caspian Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115077. [PMID: 37229845 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the water quality of the Caspian Sea by examining the presence of nutrients and heavy metals in the water. Water samples were collected from 22 stations and analyzed for nutrient and heavy metal levels. The study used the fuzzy method to prepare water quality maps and employed ANNs methods to predict microbial contamination for future years. The results revealed that the western and northwestern parts of the region had higher nutrient levels (about 40.2 % of the region), while the eastern and northeastern shores were highly polluted due to increased urbanization (about 70.1 % of the region). The long short-term memory (LSTM) method was found to have the highest accuracy compared to other ANNs methods and indicated a recent increase in pollution (RWater quality2=0.940, ROECD2=0.950, RTRIX2=0.840). The study recommends targeted research to identify the causes and means of controlling pollution in light of the predicted increase in pollution in the Caspian Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mokarram
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Economics, Management and Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Tam Minh Pham
- Research group on " Fuzzy Set Theory and Optimal Decision-making Model in Economics and Management", Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy Str., Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 144 Xuan Thuy Str., Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.
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20
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Wu C, Zheng J, Han L. Adsorption Performance of Heavy Metal Ions under Multifactorial Conditions by Synthesized Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050531. [PMID: 37233592 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of hybridized charged membrane materials containing carboxyl and silyl groups were prepared via the epoxy ring-opening reaction and sol-gel methods using 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (WD-60) and polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000) as raw materials and DMF as a solvent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermal gravimetric analyzer/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) analysis showed that the heat resistance of the polymerized materials could reach over 300 °C after hybridization. A comparison of the results of heavy metal lead and copper ions' adsorption tests on the materials at different times, temperatures, pHs, and concentrations showed that the hybridized membrane materials have good adsorption effects on heavy metals and better adsorption effects on lead ions. The maximum capacity obtained from optimized conditions for Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions were 0.331 and 5.012 mmol/g. The experiments proved that this material is indeed a new environmentally friendly, energy-saving, high-efficiency material. Moreover, their adsorptions for Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions will be evaluated as a model for the separation and recovery of heavy metal ions from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wu
- Shanghai Civil Aviation College, 1 Longhua West Road, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Jiuhan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Limei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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21
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Lin S, Kim J, Hua C, Park MH, Kang S. Coagulant dosage determination using deep learning-based graph attention multivariate time series forecasting model. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119665. [PMID: 36739659 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Determination of coagulant dosage in water treatment is a time-consuming process involving nonlinear data relationships and numerous factors. This study provides a deep learning approach to determine coagulant dosage and/or the settled water turbidity using long-term data between 2011 and 2021 to include the effect of various weather conditions. A graph attention multivariate time series forecasting (GAMTF) model was developed to determine coagulant dosage and was compared with conventional machine learning and deep learning models. The GAMTF model (R2 = 0.94, RMSE = 3.55) outperformed the other models (R2 = 0.63 - 0.89, RMSE = 4.80 - 38.98), and successfully predicted both coagulant dosage and settled water turbidity simultaneously. The GAMTF model improved the prediction accuracy by considering the hidden interrelationships between features and the past states of features. The results demonstrate the first successful application of multivariate time series deep learning model, especially, a state-of-the-art graph attention-based model, using long-term data for decision-support systems in water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Lin
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea; Korea water resources corporation (K-water), 200 Sintanjin-ro, Daedeok-gu, Deajeon, 34350, Korea
| | - Chuanbo Hua
- Industrial and System Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Park
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
| | - Seoktae Kang
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea.
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22
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Dong W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Ma W, Luo L. What will the water quality of the Yangtze River be in the future? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159714. [PMID: 36302434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The long-term prediction of water quality is important for water pollution control planning and water resource management, but it has received little attention. In this study, the water quality trend in the Yangtze River is found to stabilize at most monitoring stations under environmental protection activities. Based on the physical mechanism and stochastic theory, a novel river water quality prediction model combining pollution source decomposition (including local point, local nonpoint and upstream sources) and time series decomposition (including trend, seasonal and residential components) is developed. The observed water quality data from 76 monitoring stations in the Yangtze River, including permanganate index (CODMn) and total phosphorus (TP), are used to drive this model to make long-term water quality predictions. The results show that this model has an acceptable accuracy. In the future, the concentration of CODMn will meet the water quality targets at most stations in the Yangtze River, but the concentration of TP will not be able to meet the water quality target at 28.5 % of the stations. Furthermore, the prediction value of CODMn is 62.2 % lower than the target on average. However, the prediction value of TP is only 24.4 % lower than the target on average, and it will exceed the water target by >50 % at some stations. This model has the potential to be widely used for long-term water quality prediction in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Liping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Water Ecology and Environment, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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23
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Miller M, Kisiel A, Cembrowska-Lech D, Durlik I, Miller T. IoT in Water Quality Monitoring-Are We Really Here? SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23020960. [PMID: 36679757 PMCID: PMC9864729 DOI: 10.3390/s23020960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) has become widespread. Mainly used in industry, it already penetrates into every sphere of private life. It is often associated with complex sensors and very complicated technology. IoT in life sciences has gained a lot of importance because it allows one to minimize the costs associated with field research, expeditions, and the transport of the many sensors necessary for physical and chemical measurements. In the literature, we can find many sensational ideas regarding the use of remote collection of environmental research. However, can we fully say that IoT is well established in the natural sciences?
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Miller
- Polish Society of Bioinformatics and Data Science BIODATA, 71-214 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Kisiel
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Science, University of Szczecin, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Irmina Durlik
- Faculty of Navigation, Maritime University of Szczecin, 70-500 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Miller
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Science, University of Szczecin, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
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24
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Dulhare UN, Taj STA. Water Quality Risk Analysis for Sustainable Smart Water Supply Using Adaptive Frequency and BiLSTM. LECTURE NOTES IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 2023:67-82. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-9989-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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25
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Ni Q, Cao X, Tan C, Peng W, Kang X. An improved graph convolutional network with feature and temporal attention for multivariate water quality prediction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:11516-11529. [PMID: 36094707 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The analysis and prediction of water quality are of great significance to water quality management and pollution control. In general, current water quality prediction methods are often aimed at single indicator, while the prediction effect is not ideal for multivariate water quality data. At the same time, there may be some correlations between multiple indicators which the conventional prediction models cannot capture. To resolve these problems, this paper proposes a deep learning model: Graph Convolutional Network with Feature and Temporal Attention (FTGCN), realizing the prediction for multivariable water quality data. Firstly, a feature attention mechanism based on multi-head self-attention is designed to capture the potential correlations between water indicators. Then, a temporal prediction module including temporal convolution and bidirectional GRU with a temporal attention mechanism is designed to deal with temporal dependencies of time series. Moreover, an adaptive graph learning mechanism is introduced to extract hidden associations between water quality indicators. An auto-regression module is also added to solve the disadvantage of non-linear nature of neural networks. Finally, an evolutionary algorithm is adopted to optimize the parameters of the proposed model. Our model is applied on four real-world water quality datasets, compared with other models for multivariate time series forecasting. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model has a better performance in water quality prediction than others by two indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjian Ni
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xuehan Cao
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoqun Tan
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Peng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuying Kang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Cruz RC, Costa PR, Krippahl L, Lopes MB. Forecasting biotoxin contamination in mussels across production areas of the Portuguese coast with Artificial Neural Networks. Knowl Based Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2022.109895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Barbaros F. Entropy-assisted approach to determine priorities in water quality monitoring process. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:917. [PMID: 36255536 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective determination of water quality and water pollution assessment is crucial and challenging processes. Evaluating water quality in rivers, researchers have referred to various statistical, probabilistic and stochastic methods to obtain efficient information from the monitoring network. As data are greatly random, the information content can be obtained by utilizing various methods including but not limited to the "entropy." Monitoring is a difficult process due to high measurement costs, while it is also difficult to optimize the network in terms of time, space, and especially the variable to be monitored. In the presented study, it is aimed to create an effective approach to be used in optimizing the monitoring network by determining the "prior" variables by entropy that measures the uncertainty by using all the data without time difference. The presented study proposes an alternative method to define the water quality variables that should be monitored much more frequently. Study is exemplified for demonstrating its potential use in a case study level, Grand River in Canada, by assessing water quality data obtained from 15 water quality monitoring stations. Results showed that BOD, Cl, and NO2-N among examined 8 different variables are as the "prior" variables should be monitored. It is being proven that the prior variable that should be monitored for optimization of the network can be easily determined with the information obtained from the data statistically evaluated with entropy, and it can be stated as an effective method for managers to use in the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Barbaros
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Tinaztepe Campus, Buca, Izmir, Turkey.
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28
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Peng L, Wu H, Gao M, Yi H, Xiong Q, Yang L, Cheng S. TLT: Recurrent fine-tuning transfer learning for water quality long-term prediction. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119171. [PMID: 36198209 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The water quality long-term prediction is essential to water environment management decisions. In recent years, although water quality prediction methods based on deep learning have achieved excellent performance in short-term prediction, these methods are unsuitable for long-term prediction because the accumulation use of short-term prediction will easily introduce noise. Furthermore, The long-term prediction task requires a large amount of data to train the model to obtain accurate prediction results. For some monitoring stations with limited historical data, it is challenging to fully exploit the performance of deep learning models. To this end, we introduce a transfer learning framework into water quality prediction to improve the prediction performance in data-constrained scenarios. We propose a deep Transfer Learning based on Transformer (TLT) model to enable time dependency perception and facilitate long-term water quality prediction. In TLT, we innovatively introduce a recurrent fine-tuning transfer learning method, which can transfer the knowledge learned from source monitoring stations to the target station, while preventing the deep learning model from overfitting the source data during the pre-training phase. So, TLT can fully exert the performance of deep learning models with limited samples. We conduct experiments on data from 120 monitoring stations in major rivers and lakes in China to verify the effectiveness of TLT. The results show that TLT can effectively improve the long-term prediction accuracy of four water quality indicators (pH, DO, NH3-N, and CODMn) from monitoring stations with limited samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 401331, China; School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Huan Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; T.Y.Lin International Engineering Consulting (China) Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 401121, China.
| | - Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in Cyber Physical Society (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 401331, China; School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Hualing Yi
- School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Qingyu Xiong
- School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Linda Yang
- School of Computer, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, O1 3HE, UK.
| | - Shuiping Cheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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29
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Guan G, Wang Y, Yang L, Yue J, Li Q, Lin J, Liu Q. Water-Quality Assessment and Pollution-Risk Early-Warning System Based on Web Crawler Technology and LSTM. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11818. [PMID: 36142084 PMCID: PMC9517095 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The openly released and measured data from automatic hydrological and water quality stations in China provide strong data support for water environmental protection management and scientific research. However, current public data on hydrology and water quality only provide real-time data through data tables in a shared page. To excavate the supporting effect of these data on water environmental protection, this paper designs a water-quality-prediction and pollution-risk early-warning system. In this system, crawler technology was used for data collection from public real-time data. Additionally, a modified long short-term memory (LSTM) was adopted to predict the water quality and provide an early warning for pollution risks. According to geographic information technology, this system can show the process of spatial and temporal variations of hydrology and water quality in China. At the same time, the current and future water quality of important monitoring sites can be quickly evaluated and predicted, together with the pollution-risk early warning. The data collected and the water-quality-prediction technique in the system can be shared and used for supporting hydrology and in water quality research and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Guan
- Department of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yonggui Wang
- Department of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinzhao Yue
- Department of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jianyun Lin
- Ningbo Ligong Environment and Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315800, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Sichuan Province Environmental Monitoring Station, Chengdu 610091, China
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30
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Groundwater Quality: The Application of Artificial Intelligence. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:8425798. [PMID: 36060879 PMCID: PMC9433268 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8425798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans and all other living things depend on having access to clean water, as it is an indispensable essential resource. Therefore, the development of a model that can predict water quality conditions in the future will have substantial societal and economic value. This can be accomplished by using a model that can predict future water quality circumstances. In this study, we employed a sophisticated artificial neural network (ANN) model. This study intends to develop a hybrid model of single exponential smoothing (SES) with bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) and an adaptive neurofuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to predict water quality (WQ) in different groundwater in the Al-Baha region of Saudi Arabia. Single exponential smoothing (SES) was employed as a preprocessing method to adjust the weight of the dataset, and the output from SES was processed using the BiLSTM and ANFIS models for predicting water quality. The data were randomly divided into two phases, training (70%) and testing (30%). Efficiency statistics were used to evaluate the SES-BiLSTM and SES-ANFIS models' prediction abilities. The results showed that while both the SES-BiLSTM and SES-ANFIS models performed well in predicting the water quality index (WQI), the SES-BiLSTM model performed best with accuracy (R = 99.95% and RMSE = 0.00910) at the testing phase, where the performance of the SES-ANFIS model was R = 99.95% and RMSE = 2.2941 × 100-07. The findings support the idea that the SES-BilSTM and SES-ANFIS models can be used to predict the WQI with high accuracy, which will help to enhance WQ. The results demonstrated that the SES-BiLSTM and SES-ANFIS models' forecasts are accurate and that both seasons' performances are consistent. Similar investigations of groundwater quality prediction for drinking purposes should benefit from the proposed SES-BiLSTM and SES-ANFIS models. Consequently, the results demonstrate that the proposed SES-BiLSTM and SES-ANFIS models are useful tools for predicting whether the groundwater in Al-Baha city is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes.
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31
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Valadkhan D, Moghaddasi R, Mohammadinejad A. Groundwater quality prediction based on LSTM RNN: An Iranian experience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2022; 19:11397-11408. [PMID: 35813581 PMCID: PMC9255493 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-022-04356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater quality prediction has practical significance for the prevention of water pollution. Based on the exogenous variables which are effective on water quality indicators, this paper proposes a new method with new effective parameters based on LSTM RNN for groundwater quality index prediction. The effective parameters on the groundwater quality index include rainfall rate, temperature, and humidity, and groundwater abstraction was collected. Monthly time series data selection was done from five different locations in the Damavand region in Iran from 2009 to 2021. Neural network architecture is tested by "f-score" tested to obtain the best neural network performance. A comparison of the real value and the result of the prediction show that the water quality index prediction has been done sensibly and quite properly in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Valadkhan
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - R. Moghaddasi
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Mohammadinejad
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Education, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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32
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Sekeroglu B, Ever YK, Dimililer K, Al-Turjman F. Comparative Evaluation and Comprehensive Analysis of Machine Learning
Models for Regression Problems. DATA INTELLIGENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1162/dint_a_00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Artificial intelligence and machine learning applications are of significant importance almost in every field of human life to solve problems or support human experts. However, the determination of the machine learning model to achieve a superior result for a particular problem within the wide real-life application areas is still a challenging task for researchers. The success of a model could be affected by several factors such as dataset characteristics, training strategy and model responses. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis is required to determine model ability and the efficiency of the considered strategies. This study implemented ten benchmark machine learning models on seventeen varied datasets. Experiments are performed using four different training strategies 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20 hold-out and five-fold cross-validation techniques. We used three evaluation metrics to evaluate the experimental results: mean squared error, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination (R2 score). The considered models are analyzed, and each model's advantages, disadvantages, and data dependencies are indicated. As a result of performed excess number of experiments, the deep Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural network outperformed other considered models, namely, decision tree, linear regression, support vector regression with a linear and radial basis function kernels, random forest, gradient boosting, extreme gradient boosting, shallow neural network, and deep neural network. It has also been shown that cross-validation has a tremendous impact on the results of the experiments and should be considered for the model evaluation in regression studies where data mining or selection is not performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Sekeroglu
- Information Systems Engineering Department, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
- Research Centre for AI and IoT, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Yoney Kirsal Ever
- Software Engineering Department, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
- Research Centre for AI and IoT, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Kamil Dimililer
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
- Research Centre for AI and IoT, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Fadi Al-Turjman
- Artificial Intelligence Engineering Department, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
- Research Centre for AI and IoT, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
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33
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Abstract
This study outlines the preliminary stages of the development of an algorithm to predict the optimal WQ of the Hwanggujicheon Stream. In the first stages, we used the AdaBoost algorithm model to predict the state of WQ, using data from the open artificial intelligence (AI) hub. The AdaBoost algorithm has excellent predictive performance and model suitability and was selected for random forest and gradient boosting (GB)-based boosting models. To predict the optimized WQ, we selected pH, SS, water temperature, total nitrogen(TN), dissolved total phosphorus(DTP), NH3-N, chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), and NO3-N as the input variables of the AdaBoost model. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was used as the target variable. Third, an algorithm showing excellent predictive power was selected by analyzing the prediction accuracy according to the input variable by using the random forest or GB series algorithm in the initial model. Finally, the performance evaluation of the ultimately developed predictive model demonstrated that RMS was 0.015, MAE was 0.009, and R2 was 0.912. The coefficient of the variation of the root mean square error (CVRMSE) was 17.404. R2 0.912 and CVRMSE were 17.404, indicating that the predictive model developed meets the criteria of ASHRAE Guideline 14. It is imperative that government and administrative agencies have access to effective tools to assess WQ and pollution levels in their local bodies of water.
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34
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Predicting Urban Flooding Due to Extreme Precipitation Using a Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network. HYDROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/hydrology9060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extreme precipitation events can lead to the exceedance of the sewer capacity in urban areas. To mitigate the effects of urban flooding, a model is required that is capable of predicting flood timing and volumes based on precipitation forecasts while computational times are significantly low. In this study, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is set up to predict flood time series at 230 manhole locations present in the sewer system. For the first time, an LSTM is applied to such a large sewer system while a wide variety of synthetic precipitation events in terms of precipitation intensities and patterns are also captured in the training procedure. Even though the LSTM was trained using synthetic precipitation events, it was found that the LSTM also predicts the flood timing and flood volumes of the large number of manholes accurately for historic precipitation events. The LSTM was able to reduce forecasting times to the order of milliseconds, showing the applicability of using the trained LSTM as an early flood-warning system in urban areas.
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35
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Zhu M, Wang J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Ren H, Wu B, Ye L. A review of the application of machine learning in water quality evaluation. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2022; 1:107-116. [PMID: 38075524 PMCID: PMC10702893 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid increase in the volume of data on the aquatic environment, machine learning has become an important tool for data analysis, classification, and prediction. Unlike traditional models used in water-related research, data-driven models based on machine learning can efficiently solve more complex nonlinear problems. In water environment research, models and conclusions derived from machine learning have been applied to the construction, monitoring, simulation, evaluation, and optimization of various water treatment and management systems. Additionally, machine learning can provide solutions for water pollution control, water quality improvement, and watershed ecosystem security management. In this review, we describe the cases in which machine learning algorithms have been applied to evaluate the water quality in different water environments, such as surface water, groundwater, drinking water, sewage, and seawater. Furthermore, we propose possible future applications of machine learning approaches to water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Linyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Li W, Wei Y, An D, Jiao Y, Wei Q. LSTM-TCN: dissolved oxygen prediction in aquaculture, based on combined model of long short-term memory network and temporal convolutional network. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39545-39556. [PMID: 35103942 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important water quality monitoring parameter of great significance in aquaculture. Accurate prediction of dissolved oxygen can help farmers to take necessary measures in advance to ensure the healthy growth of cultured species. The characteristics of multivariate and long-term correlation of water quality time series in the traditional methods make it difficult to achieve the expected prediction accuracy. To solve this problem, we propose the combined prediction method LSTM-TCN (long short-term memory network and temporal convolutional network). After the preprocessing of time series, the LSTM extracts the features of the series in time dimension, and then combines with TCN to build the fusion prediction model. In this study, we have carried out the DO predictions of LSTM and TCN algorithms separately, followed by the analysis of DO prediction, based on CNN-LSTM and LSTM-TCN combined models. The effects of attention mechanism and window size of historical time on the prediction results were also investigated. The experimental results show that the combined method has high accuracy in dissolved oxygen prediction, and can capture better characteristics of historical data with increasing time window of the historical dissolved oxygen sequence. The LSTM-TCN method achieves better prediction performance, with evaluation index values of MAE = 0.236, MAPE = 3.10%, RMSE = 0.342, and R2 = 0.94.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Li
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Precision Agricultural Technology Integration Research Base (Fishery), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Tsinghua East Road 17#, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yaoguang Wei
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Precision Agricultural Technology Integration Research Base (Fishery), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China.
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Tsinghua East Road 17#, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Dong An
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Precision Agricultural Technology Integration Research Base (Fishery), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Tsinghua East Road 17#, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yisha Jiao
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Precision Agricultural Technology Integration Research Base (Fishery), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Tsinghua East Road 17#, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiong Wei
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Internet of Things in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Precision Agricultural Technology Integration Research Base (Fishery), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Tsinghua East Road 17#, Beijing, 100083, China
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37
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Prediction of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Surface Water by Deep Learning Methods Based on Multi-Scale Feature Extraction. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To improve the precision of water quality forecasting, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) method was used to denoise the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) time series and obtained several high- and low-frequency components at four online surface water quality monitoring stations in Poyang Lake. For each of the aforementioned high-frequency components, a long short-term memory (LSTM) network was introduced to achieve excellent prediction results. Meanwhile, a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm, called the chaos sparrow search algorithm (CSSA), was implemented to compute the optimal hyperparameters for the LSTM model. For each low-frequency component with periodic changes, the multiple linear regression model (MLR) was adopted for rapid and effective prediction. Finally, a novel combined water quality prediction model based on VMD-CSSA-LSTM-MLR (VCLM) was proposed and compared with nine prediction models. Results indicated that (1), for the three standalone models, LSTM performed best in terms of mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and the root mean square error (RMSE), as well as the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) and Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE). (2) Compared with the standalone model, the decomposition and prediction of TN and TP into relatively stable sub-sequences can evidently improve the performance of the model. (3) Compared with CEEMDAN, VMD can extract the multiscale period and nonlinear information of the time series better. The experimental results proved that the averages of MAE, MAPE, RMSE, NSE, and KGE predicted by the VCLM model for TN are 0.1272, 8.09%, 0.1541, 0.9194, and 0.8862, respectively; those predicted by the VCLM model for TP are 0.0048, 10.83%, 0.0062, 0.9238, and 0.8914, respectively. The comprehensive performance of the model shows that the proposed hybrid VCLM model can be recommended as a promising model for online water quality prediction and comprehensive water environment management in lake systems.
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Prasad DVV, Venkataramana LY, Kumar PS, Prasannamedha G, Harshana S, Srividya SJ, Harrinei K, Indraganti S. Analysis and prediction of water quality using deep learning and auto deep learning techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153311. [PMID: 35065104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural water sources like ponds, lakes and rivers are facing a great threat because of activities like discharge of untreated industrial effluents, sewage water, wastes, etc. It is mandatory to examine the water quality to ensure that only safe water is available for consumption. Traditional methods of water quality inspection are a cumbersome process and hence, Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used as a catalyst for this process. AutoDL is an upcoming field to automate deep learning pipelines and enables model creation and interpretation with minimal code. However, it is still in the nascent stage. This work explores the suitability of adopting AutoDL for Water Quality Assessment by drawing a comparison between AutoDL and a conventional models and analysis to foresee the quality of the water, an appropriate class based on Water Quality Index segregating water bodies into different classes. The accuracy of conventional DL is 1.8% higher than that of AutoDL for binary class water data. The accuracy of conventional DL is 1% higher than that of AutoDL for multiclass water data. The accuracy of conventional model was ~98% to ~99% whereas AutoDL method yielded ~96% to ~98%. However, the AutoDL model ease the task of finding the appropriate DL model and proved better efficiency without manual intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Venkata Vara Prasad
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, India
| | - Lokeswari Y Venkataramana
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, India.
| | - G Prasannamedha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, India
| | - S Harshana
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Chennai, India
| | - S Jahnavi Srividya
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Chennai, India
| | - K Harrinei
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Chennai, India
| | - Sravya Indraganti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110 Chennai, India
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39
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Ishii K, Sato M, Ochiai S. Prediction of leachate quantity and quality from a landfill site by the long short-term memory model. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114733. [PMID: 35189557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The long short-term memory (LSTM) model was first applied in this study for the prediction of the leachate quantity and quality at a real landfill site. In our LSTM model, in the learning phase from July 2003 to March 2018, three input data items consisting of the daily precipitation (DP), the daily average temperature (DAT), and the accumulated amount of landfilled waste presented the quantity of leachate generated with high accuracy. The DAT was important for the landfill site, particularly in a snow area because it contributes to the leachate generated during the spring thaw with low precipitation. In the testing phase from April 2018 to March 2019, our LSTM model predicted the leachate generated with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 26.2%. The concentrations of biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, calcium ion and chloride ion in leachate were presented in the learning phase by six input data items: DP, DAT, and the daily amount of landfilled waste (incineration residue, incombustible waste, business waste, and combustible waste) with high R2 values. In the testing phase, the quality of leachate was predicted with the MAPE between 11.8% and 30.2%. Another year data from April 2019 to March 2020 was used to verify accuracy of our model with no overfitting. This study showed the possibility of applying the LSTM model to future predictions of leachate quantity and quality from landfill sites with an acceptable error for daily operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuei Ishii
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoru Ochiai
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
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40
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Development of a Deep Learning-Based Prediction Model for Water Consumption at the Household Level. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The importance of efficient water resource supply has been acknowledged, and it is essential to predict short-term water consumption in the future. Recently, it has become possible to obtain data on water consumption at the household level through smart water meters. The pattern of these data is nonlinear due to various factors related to human activities, such as holidays and weather. However, it is difficult to accurately predict household water consumption with a nonlinear pattern with the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, a traditional time series prediction model. Thus, this study used a deep learning-based long short-term memory (LSTM) approach to develop a water consumption prediction model for each customer. The proposed model considers several variables to learn nonlinear water consumption patterns. We developed an ARIMA model and an LSTM model in the training dataset for customers with four different water-use types (detached houses, apartment, restaurant, and elementary school). The performances of the two models were evaluated using a test dataset that was not used for model learning. The LSTM model outperformed the ARIMA model in all households (correlation coefficient: mean 89% and root mean square error: mean 5.60 m3). Therefore, it is expected that the proposed model can predict customer-specific water consumption at the household level depending on the type of use.
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41
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A Hybrid Prediction Framework for Water Quality with Integrated W-ARIMA-GRU and LightGBM Methods. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Water is the source of life, and in recent years, with the progress in technology, water quality data have shown explosive growth; how to use the massive amounts of data for water quality prediction services has become a new opportunity and challenge. In this paper, we use the surface water quality data of an area in Beijing collected and compiled by Zhongguancun International Medical Laboratory Certification Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). On this basis, we decompose the original water quality indicator data series into two series in terms of trend and fluctuation; for the characteristics of the decomposed series data, we use the traditional time series prediction method to model the trend term, introduce the deep learning method to interpret the fluctuation term, and fuse the final prediction results. Compared with other models, our proposed integrated Wavelet decomposition, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model, which is abbreviated as the W-ARIMA-GRU model, has better prediction accuracy, stability, and robustness for three conventional water quality indicators. At the same time, this paper uses the ensemble learning model LightGBM for the prediction of water quality evaluation level, and the accuracy and F1-score reached 97.5% and 97.8%, respectively, showing very strong performance. This paper establishes a set of effective water quality prediction frameworks that can be used for timely water quality prediction and to provide a theoretical model and scientific and reasonable analysis reference for the relevant departments for advanced control.
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42
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A Multi-Dimensional Investigation on Water Quality of Urban Rivers with Emphasis on Implications for the Optimization of Monitoring Strategy. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Water quality monitoring (WQM) of urban rivers has been a reliable method to supervise the urban water environment. Indiscriminate WQM strategies can hardly emphasize the concerning pollution and usually require high costs of money, time, and manpower. To tackle these issues, this work carried out a multi-dimensional study (large spatial scale, multiple monitoring parameters, and long time scale) on the water quality of two urban rivers in Jiujiang City, China, which can provide indicative information for the optimization of WQM. Of note, the spatial distribution of NH3-N concentration varied significantly both in terms of the two different rivers as well as the different sections (i.e., much higher in the northern section), with a maximal difference, on average greater, than five times. Statistical methods and machine learning algorithms were applied to optimize the monitoring objects, parameters, and frequency. The sharp decrease in water quality of adjacent sections was identified by Analytical Hierarchy Process of water quality assessment indexes. After correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, the various WQM parameters could be divided into three principal components and four clusters. With the machine learning algorithm of Random Forest, the relation between concentration of pollutants and rainfall depth was fitted using quadratic functions (calculated Pearson correlation coefficients ≥ 0.89), which could help predict the pollution after precipitation and further determine the appropriate WQM frequency. Generally, this work provides a novel thought for efficient, smart, and low-cost water quality investigation and monitoring strategy determination, which contributes to the construction of smart water systems and sustainable water source management.
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Yang L, Driscol J, Sarigai S, Wu Q, Lippitt CD, Morgan M. Towards Synoptic Water Monitoring Systems: A Review of AI Methods for Automating Water Body Detection and Water Quality Monitoring Using Remote Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22062416. [PMID: 35336587 PMCID: PMC8949619 DOI: 10.3390/s22062416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Water features (e.g., water quantity and water quality) are one of the most important environmental factors essential to improving climate-change resilience. Remote sensing (RS) technologies empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) have become one of the most demanded strategies to automating water information extraction and thus intelligent monitoring. In this article, we provide a systematic review of the literature that incorporates artificial intelligence and computer vision methods in the water resources sector with a focus on intelligent water body extraction and water quality detection and monitoring through remote sensing. Based on this review, the main challenges of leveraging AI and RS for intelligent water information extraction are discussed, and research priorities are identified. An interactive web application designed to allow readers to intuitively and dynamically review the relevant literature was also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (J.D.); (S.S.); (C.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Joshua Driscol
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (J.D.); (S.S.); (C.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Sarigai Sarigai
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (J.D.); (S.S.); (C.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Qiusheng Wu
- Department of Geography, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA;
| | - Christopher D. Lippitt
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (J.D.); (S.S.); (C.D.L.); (M.M.)
- Center for the Advancement of Spatial Informatics Research and Education (ASPIRE), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Melinda Morgan
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (J.D.); (S.S.); (C.D.L.); (M.M.)
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Kouadri S, Pande CB, Panneerselvam B, Moharir KN, Elbeltagi A. Prediction of irrigation groundwater quality parameters using ANN, LSTM, and MLR models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:21067-21091. [PMID: 34748181 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17084-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting the irrigation groundwater parameters helps plan irrigation water and crop, and it is commonly expensive because it needs various parameters, mainly in developing nations. Therefore, the present research's core objective is to create accurate and reliable machine learning models for irrigation parameters. To accomplish this determination, three machine learning (ML) models, viz. long short-term memory (LSTM), multi-linear regression (MLR), and artificial neural network (ANN), have been trained. It is validated with mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficients (r), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). These machine learning models have been used and applied for predicating the six irrigation water quality parameters such as sodium absorption ratio (SAR), percentage of sodium (%Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium hazard (MH), Permeability Index (PI), and Kelly ratio (KR). Therefore, the two scenario performances of ANN, LSTM, and MLR have been developed for each model to predict irrigation water quality parameters. The first and second scenario performance was created based on all and second reduction input variables. The ANN, LSTM, and MLR models have discovered that excluding for ANN and MLR models shows high accuracy in first and second scenario models, respectively. These model's accuracy was checked based on the mean squared error (MSE), correlation coefficients (r), and root mean square error (RMSE) for training and testing processes serially. The RSC values are highly accurate predicated values using ANN and MLR models. As a result, machine learning models may improve irrigation water quality parameters, and such types of results are essential to farmers and crop planning in various irrigation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Kouadri
- Laboratory of Water and Environment Engineering in Sahara Milieu (GEEMS), Department of Civil Engineering and Hydraulics Faculty of Applied Sciences, Kasdi Merbah University Ouargla, Ouargla, Algeria
| | - Chaitanya B Pande
- CAAST-CSAWM, MPKV Rahuri, Rahuri, India.
- Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, India.
| | | | | | - Ahmed Elbeltagi
- Agricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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45
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The Contribution of Data-Driven Technologies in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14052497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set out to improve the quality of life of people in developed, emerging, and developing countries by covering social and economic aspects, with a focus on environmental sustainability. At the same time, data-driven technologies influence our lives in all areas and have caused fundamental economical and societal changes. This study presents a comprehensive literature review on how data-driven approaches have enabled or inhibited the successful achievement of the 17 SDGs to date. Our findings show that data-driven analytics and tools contribute to achieving the 17 SDGs, e.g., by making information more reliable, supporting better-informed decision-making, implementing data-based policies, prioritizing actions, and optimizing the allocation of resources. Based on a qualitative content analysis, results were aggregated into a conceptual framework, including the following categories: (1) uses of data-driven methods (e.g., monitoring, measurement, mapping or modeling, forecasting, risk assessment, and planning purposes), (2) resulting positive effects, (3) arising challenges, and (4) recommendations for action to overcome these challenges. Despite positive effects and versatile applications, problems such as data gaps, data biases, high energy consumption of computational resources, ethical concerns, privacy, ownership, and security issues stand in the way of achieving the 17 SDGs.
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A Hybrid Model for Water Quality Prediction Based on an Artificial Neural Network, Wavelet Transform, and Long Short-Term Memory. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Clean water is an indispensable essential resource on which humans and other living beings depend. Therefore, the establishment of a water quality prediction model to predict future water quality conditions has a significant social and economic value. In this study, a model based on an artificial neural network (ANN), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and long short-term memory (LSTM) was constructed to predict the water quality of the Jinjiang River. Firstly, a multi-layer perceptron neural network was used to process the missing values based on the time series in the water quality dataset used in this research. Secondly, the Daubechies 5 (Db5) wavelet was used to divide the water quality data into low-frequency signals and high-frequency signals. Then, the signals were used as the input of LSTM, and LSTM was used for training, testing, and prediction. Finally, the prediction results were compared with the nonlinear auto regression (NAR) neural network model, the ANN-LSTM model, the ARIMA model, multi-layer perceptron neural networks, the LSTM model, and the CNN-LSTM model. The outcome indicated that the ANN-WT-LSTM model proposed in this study performed better than previous models in many evaluation indices. Therefore, the research methods of this study can provide technical support and practical reference for water quality monitoring and the management of the Jinjiang River and other basins.
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47
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SmartWater: A Service-Oriented and Sensor Cloud-Based Framework for Smart Monitoring of Water Environments. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to the sharp increase in global industrial production, as well as the over-exploitation of land and sea resources, the quality of drinking water has deteriorated considerably. Furthermore, nowadays, many water supply systems serving growing human populations suffer from shortages since many rivers, lakes, and aquifers are drying up because of global climate change. To cope with these serious threats, smart water management systems are in great demand to ensure vigorous control of the quality and quantity of drinking water. Indeed, water monitoring is essential today since it allows to ensure the real-time control of water quality indicators and the appropriate management of resources in cities to provide an adequate water supply to citizens. In this context, a novel IoT-based framework is proposed to support smart water monitoring and management. The proposed framework, named SmartWater, combines cutting-edge technologies in the field of sensor clouds, deep learning, knowledge reasoning, and data processing and analytics. First, knowledge graphs are exploited to model the water network in a semantic and multi-relational manner. Then, incremental network embedding is performed to learn rich representations of water entities, in particular the affected water zones. Finally, a decision mechanism is defined to generate a water management plan depending on the water zones’ current states. A real-world dataset has been used in this study to experimentally validate the major features of the proposed smart water monitoring framework.
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48
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Khullar S, Singh N. Water quality assessment of a river using deep learning Bi-LSTM methodology: forecasting and validation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:12875-12889. [PMID: 33988840 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water is a prime necessity for the survival and sustenance of all living beings. Over the past few years, the water quality of rivers is adversely affected due to harmful wastes and pollutants. This ever-increasing water pollution is a big matter of concern as it deteriorating the water quality, making it unfit for any type of use. Recently, water quality modelling using machine learning techniques has generated a lot of interest and can be very beneficial in ecological and water resources management. However, they suffer many times from high computational complexity and high prediction error. The good performance of a deep neural network like long short-term memory network (LSTM) has been exploited for the time-series data. In this paper, a deep learning-based Bi-LSTM model (DLBL-WQA) is introduced to forecast the water quality factors of Yamuna River, India. The existing schemes do not perform missing value imputation and focus only on the learning process without including a loss function pertaining to training error. The proposed model shows a novel scheme which includes missing value imputation in the first phase, the second phase generates the feature maps from the given input data, the third phase includes a Bi-LSTM architecture to improve the learning process, and finally, an optimized loss function is applied to reduce the training error. Thus, the proposed model improves forecasting accuracy. Data comprising monthly samples of different water quality factors were collected for 6 years (2013-2019) at several locations in the Delhi region. Experimental results reveal that predicted values of the model and the actual values were in a close agreement and could reveal a future trend. The performance of our model was compared with various state of the art techniques like SVR, random forest, artificial neural network, LSTM, and CNN-LSTM. To check the accuracy, metrics like root mean square errors (RMSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) have been used. Experimental analysis is carried out by measuring the COD and BOD levels. COD analysis reveals the MSE, RMSE, MAE, and MAPE values as 0.015, 0.117, 0.115, and 20.32, respectively, for the Palla region. Similarly, BOD analysis indicates the MSE, RMSE, MAE, and MAPE values as 0.107, 0.108, 0.124, and 18.22, respectively. A comparative analysis reveals that the proposed model outperforms all other models in terms of the best forecasting accuracy and lowest error rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Khullar
- Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, West Patel Nagar, New Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Nanhey Singh
- CSE, GGSIPU, AIACTR, Krishna Nagar Road Chacha Nahru Bal Chikitsalaya, Geeta Colony, Delhi, New Delhi, 110031, India
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IoT-Based Solutions to Monitor Water Level, Leakage, and Motor Control for Smart Water Tanks. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Today, a large portion of the human population around the globe has no access to freshwater for drinking, cooking, and other domestic applications. Water resources in numerous countries are becoming scarce due to over urbanization, rapid industrial growth, and current global warming. Water is often stored in the aboveground or underground tanks. In developing countries, these tanks are maintained manually, and in some cases, water is wasted due to human negligence. In addition, water could also leak out from tanks and supply pipes due to the decayed infrastructure. To address these issues, researchers worldwide turned to the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology to efficiently monitor water levels, detect leakage, and auto refill tanks whenever needed. Notably, this technology can also supply real-time feedback to end-users and other experts through a webpage or a smartphone. Literature reveals a plethora of review articles on smart water monitoring, including water quality, supply pipes leakage, and water waste recycling. However, none of the reviews focus on the IoT-based solution to monitor water level, detect water leakage, and auto control water pumps, especially at the induvial level that form a vast proportion of water consumers worldwide. To fill this gap in the literature, this study presents a review of IoT-controlled water storage tanks (IoT-WST). Some important contributions of our work include surveying contemporary work on IoT-WST, elaborating current techniques and technologies in IoT-WST, targeting proper hardware, and selecting a secure IoT cloud server.
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Multi-Regional Modeling of Cumulative COVID-19 Cases Integrated with Environmental Forest Knowledge Estimation: A Deep Learning Ensemble Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020738. [PMID: 35055559 PMCID: PMC8775387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reliable modeling of novel commutative cases of COVID-19 (CCC) is essential for determining hospitalization needs and providing the benchmark for health-related policies. The current study proposes multi-regional modeling of CCC cases for the first scenario using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) based on automatic routines (AUTOARIMA), ARIMA with maximum likelihood (ARIMAML), and ARIMA with generalized least squares method (ARIMAGLS) and ensembled (ARIMAML-ARIMAGLS). Subsequently, different deep learning (DL) models viz: long short-term memory (LSTM), random forest (RF), and ensemble learning (EML) were applied to the second scenario to predict the effect of forest knowledge (FK) during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) and Phillips–Perron (PP) unit root tests, autocorrelation function (ACF), partial autocorrelation function (PACF), Schwarz information criterion (SIC), and residual diagnostics were considered in determining the best ARIMA model for cumulative COVID-19 cases (CCC) across multi-region countries. Seven different performance criteria were used to evaluate the accuracy of the models. The obtained results justified both types of ARIMA model, with ARIMAGLS and ensemble ARIMA demonstrating superiority to the other models. Among the DL models analyzed, LSTM-M1 emerged as the best and most reliable estimation model, with both RF and LSTM attaining more than 80% prediction accuracy. While the EML of the DL proved merit with 96% accuracy. The outcomes of the two scenarios indicate the superiority of ARIMA time series and DL models in further decision making for FK.
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