1
|
The Mediating Role of Firm Strategy in the Relationship between Green Entrepreneurship, Green Innovation, and Competitive Advantage: The Case of Medium and Large-Sized Firms in Greece. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present research examines both the relationship between green innovation and green entrepreneurship and the mediating role of firm strategies in the relationship between green entrepreneurship, green innovation, and competitive advantage. A total of 225 managers responsible for the environmental strategy of medium and large-sized firms operating in Greece were used as a sample for the study. To measure the research variables, a structured questionnaire was used. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inductive statistics, including principal components analysis, correlation analysis, a multivariate generalized linear model, and a structural equations model. The empirical results indicate a positive influence of green entrepreneurship in green product innovation and green process innovation. Furthermore, the mediating role of firm strategies in the relationship between green entrepreneurship, green innovation, and competitive advantage is confirmed.
Collapse
|
2
|
Investigating the Human Impacts and the Environmental Consequences of Microplastics Disposal into Water Resources. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14020828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During the last decades, one of the most contentious environmental issues has been the investigation of the fate of microplastics (MPs) and detrimental consequences in natural and water resources worldwide. In this respect, it is critical research firstly to track the ways in which MPs are determined as key anthropogenic pollutants in terms of ecological risk and secondly to plan feasible policies under which the role of science and society in tackling this global issue in the future should be prioritized. In this study, a systematic theoretical, technical, and planning analysis was developed in alignment with a Scopus search deployed in the second half of the year 2021 and covering a wide chronological range (from 1970s onwards) and thematic contexts of analysis by using keywords and key phrases organized into two groups. The document results were graphically represented, revealing the main scientific focus of studies. Subsequently, our study investigated the quantitative assessment methods of MPs in marine environments, denoting the range of standard procedures applied for collecting and analyzing samples of water, bottom sediments, and coastal deposits. The technological part of the study includes the presentation of the relevant analytical techniques applied for MPs tracking and monitoring in water resources, determining the wide spectrum of plastic compounds traced. Of particular interest was the determination of environmental depletion and human implications caused, even by extremely low concentrations of MPs, for marine biota, posing potential risks to marine ecosystems, biodiversity, and food availability. Finally, the research proposed the challenges of actions needed to support scientific, industry, policy, and civil society communities to curb the ongoing flow of MPs and the toxic chemicals they contain into water resources, while rethinking the ways of plastics consumption by humanity.
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu R, Lyu T, Wang L, Yuan Y, Zhang M, Cooper M, Mortimer RJG, Yang Q, Pan G. Utilization of coal fly ash waste for effective recapture of phosphorus from waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132431. [PMID: 34606900 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reutilization of the waste by-products from industrial and agricultural activities is crucially important towards attainment of environmental sustainability and the 'circular economy'. In this study, we have developed and evaluated a sustainably-sourced adsorbent from coal fly ash, which was modified by a small amount of lanthanum (La-FA), for the recapture of phosphorous (P) from both synthetic and real natural waters. The prepared La-FA adsorbent possessed typical characteristic diffraction peaks similar to zeolite type Na-P1, and the BET surface area of La-FA was measured to be 10.9 times higher than that of the original FA. Investigation of P adsorption capability indicated that the maximum adsorption (10.8 mg P g-1) was 6.14 times higher than that (1.8 mg P g-1) of the original fly ash material. The ζ potentials measurement and P K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectra demonstrated that P was bonded on La-FA surfaces via an adsorption mechanism. After applying the proposed adsorbent to real lake water with La/P molar ratios in the range from 0.5:1 to 3:1, the La-FA adsorbent showed the highest phosphate removal ability with a La/P molar ratio 1:1, and the P adsorption was similar to that performance with the synthetic solution. Moreover, the La-FA absorbent produced a negligible effect on the concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), NH4+-N and NO3--N in water. This study thus provides a potential material for effective P recapture and details of its operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; National Joint Research Center for Yangtze River Conservation, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Tao Lyu
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
| | - Lijing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuting Yuan
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Meiyi Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Mick Cooper
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J G Mortimer
- School of Humanities, York St John University, Lord Mayor's Walk, York, YO31 7EX, United Kingdom; Nanjing Xianglai Academy of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Queping Yang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; National Joint Research Center for Yangtze River Conservation, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Gang Pan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom; Nanjing Xianglai Academy of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh DK, Xu M, Singh N, Lei F. Perspectives on emerging pressures and their integrated impact on large river systems: An insight from the Yellow River basin. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113423. [PMID: 34526286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Yellow River, with a developmental and historical significance to China, is now facing several emerging pressures, which are degrading the river status and creating challenges for high-quality development in the basin. Numerous studies on such emerging pressures, present scattered outcomes, and trigger uncertainties and deficient assumptions on the river's problems. This review integrated such scattered information and investigated the emerging pressures, their drivers and integrated impacts at the basin level. The study intended to prioritize those pressures needing expeditious consideration, and carried a discussion on the alternative pathways to the solution. To determine the critical emerging pressures, a literature review was conducted and experts' opinion was sought. The outcome further led to a comprehensive review, data collection, and analysis of three groups of emerging pressures. The review recognized 'Water Stress' in the lower reach, primarily caused by an abated flow, as the most distressing emerging pressure inflicting social, ecological, and economic consequences. Such decline in flow was mostly induced by a recent increase in 'Anthropogenic activities', such as intensive water withdrawal for irrigation (≥27 BCM), and construction of check dams in the Loess Plateau region (trapping~5 BCM water). The increasing 'Pollution' in the river, besides threatening public health and ecology, also contributed to the water stress by rendering certain stretches of the river biologically dead and unsuitable for any use. The 'Climate Change', with its key negative effect on precipitation in the middle sub-basin, overall contributed small (8-11 %) to the observed reduction in river flow. With increasing challenges for the adopted engineering solutions tackling the water stress, the study suggested the use of a demand management approach, employing adaptive policy measures, as an alternative or supplementary solution to the current approach. In addition, the study highlights that regular reviewing and reforming the key decisions based on evidence and updated information, and taking a participatory approach, may offer a sustainable pathway to the environment as well as socio-economic goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Singh
- River Research Institute, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Mengzhen Xu
- River Research Institute, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Nandita Singh
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fakai Lei
- River Research Institute, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zamparas M, Kyriakopoulos GL, Drosos M, Kapsalis VC. Phosphate and Ammonium Removal from Wastewaters Using Natural-Based Innovative Bentonites Impacting on Resource Recovery and Circular Economy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216684. [PMID: 34771093 PMCID: PMC8587198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The research objective of the study is the estimation of a novel low-cost composite material f-MB (Fe-modified bentonite) as a P and N adsorbent from wastewaters. Τhe present study aimed at examining the phosphate and ammonium removal efficiency from different types of wastewater using f-MB, by conducting bench-scale batch experiments to investigate its equilibrium characteristics and kinetics. The SEM analysis revealed that the platelets of bentonite in f-MB do not form normal bentonite sheets, but they have been restructured in a more compact formation with a great porosity. Regarding the sorption efficiencies (Qm), the maximum phosphate sorption efficiencies (Qm) calculated using the Langmuir model were 24.54, 25.09, 26.13, 24.28, and 23.21 mg/g, respectively, for a pH range of 5 to 9. In addition, the maximum NH4+-N adsorption capacities (Qm) calculated from the Langmuir model were 131.8, 145.7, 168.5, 156.7, and 159.6 mg/g, respectively, for a pH range from 5 to 9. Another important finding of this study is that f-MB can recover P from treated wastewater impacting on resource recovery and circular economy (CE). The modified clay f-MB performed the phosphate and ammonium recovery rates of 80% and 78.5%, respectively. Finally, f-MB can slowly release the largest proportion of phosphate and ammonium ions for a long time, thus extending the application of the f-MB material as a slow-release fertilizer and soil improver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miltiadis Zamparas
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, Parodos Aristotelous 18, 26335 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-261-302-0953
| | - Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos
- Photometry Laboratory, Electric Power Division, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| | - Marios Drosos
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture (IREEA), Faculty of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Vasilis C. Kapsalis
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Industrial Management and Operations Research Sector, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, 15780 Athens, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu Y, Zhang X, Zhang X, Xu Y, Zhang H. Novel insights into enhanced dewaterability and consolidation characteristics of landfill sludge and fresh sludge conditioned by Fe 2+ activated sodium persulfate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113196. [PMID: 34252848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Considering the reduction and resource utilization of landfill sludge (LS) and fresh sludge (FS), Fe2+ activated Na2S2O8 is proposed. The effects of the molar ratio of Fe2+/S2O82- and the addition of Na2S2O8 on the dewatering performance of sludge were studied by vacuum filtration experiments. Consolidation tests were conducted on the sludge with different Na2S2O8 dosage, and the compression, consolidation, and permeability characteristics of the sludge were researched. Besides, via particle size distribution (PSD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test, the variation of particle size of sludge was studied from the microscopic perspective. The results are as follows: the specific resistance of filtration (SRF) of LS and FS decreases by 99.3%, 95.2% at an optimal dosage (the molar ratio of (Fe2+/S2O82-) = 1, 30% Na2S2O8); the particle size of LS and FS is significantly smaller; the consolidation and permeability coefficients are increased by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with non-conditioned sludge; the water content of LS and FS drops from 86.5% to 58.4%, 82.4%-59.7%. The research results have certain guiding significance for the in-situ treatment of sludge deep dewatering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Xingtao Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Haiqiang Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hou J, Xu Z, Ji J, Zhao Y, Gao M, Jin C. Enhanced in-situ electro-generation of H 2O 2 using PTFE and NH 4HCO 3 modified C/PTFE electrode for treatment of landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:112933. [PMID: 34147995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the carbon black/polytetrafluoroethylene (C/PTFE) electrode was prepared under the best conditions, and then it was modified by PTFE and NH4HCO3 to make a PTFE-C/PTFE electrode. PTFE-C/PTFE electrode was used to enhance H2O2 in-situ electro-generation and the electro-peroxone process (EPP) treatment of leachate. Various analytical methods results were applied to prove that the PTFE-C/PTFE electrode greatly improved the performance of H2O2 generation and electrode stability. The effects of initial pH, current intensity, ozone flow and Cl- concentration on the removal of NH4+ and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate were studied in the EPP with PTFE-C/PTFE as cathode (MEPP) by one factor at a time (OFAT) method. The initial pH value 7.5, current intensity 300 mA, ozone flow 875 mg/h and Cl- concentration value 4198 mg/L were selected as the best operating parameters. A response surface methodology based on box-behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize running conditions of the MEPP of leachate. After optimization, Mineralization efficiency of the NH4+ and COD was obtained to be 79.83% and 52.14%, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)/COD ratio increased to 0.38 after 4 h. The removal curves of NH4+ and COD in the MEPP conforms to the zero-order and first-order reaction kinetics, respectively. Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM) analysis shows that MEPP has a good removal effect on organics in leachate. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were carried out for the cathode sediment, which was mainly magnesium ion silicate precipitation and NaCl.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Junyuan Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yangguo Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Mengchun Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Chunji Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guan Q, Zeng G, Song J, Liu C, Wang Z, Wu S. Ultrasonic power combined with seed materials for recovery of phosphorus from swine wastewater via struvite crystallization process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112961. [PMID: 34102500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recovering P via struvite crystallization is an effective way to utilize the resources in swine wastewater. At present, the main challenges of traditional struvite crystallization process are the long reaction time and insufficient removal efficiency. In this study, a novel method to promote struvite crystallization process through ultrasound (US) combined with seed materials is proposed to overcome these defects. We systematically study the effects of US, seed materials, and ultrasonic power on nutrient recovery. The experimental results show that under the conditions of pH 9.5 and MgCl2:P molar ratio1.4:1, the addition of 2 g/L pre-synthesized struvite as the seed materials can increase the P removal rate to 91.56%, whereas, the addition of 80 W ultrasonic power for 15 min can make the P removal rate reach 94.18%. Meanwhile, the combination of US and struvite seed crystals can achieve a maximum P removal efficiency value of 97.66% in which 10 min for the reaction time is enough. The products are characterized using XRD, SEM, and FTIR to determine the phosphorus removal mechanism of ultrasonic power combined with seed induction. The shearing effect of US is found beneficial to affect the surface morphology of the seed crystals, which provides more nucleation sites to enhance crystal nucleation and growth. The removal efficiency comparison reveals that this combined technology performs an excellent removal effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Guisheng Zeng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China.
| | - Jiatian Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Zhongbing Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Shaolin Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Heavy Metals Pollutants Control and Resource Utilization, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jia L, Sun H, Zhou Q, Zhao L, Wu W. Pilot-scale two-stage constructed wetlands based on novel solid carbon for rural wastewater treatment in southern China: Enhanced nitrogen removal and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 292:112750. [PMID: 33991828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been proved to be an alternative to the treatment of various wastewater. However, there are few studies focused on the removal performance and mechanisms of pollutants in pilot-scale CWs packed with novel solid carbon. In this study, we investigated the effect of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate/polyacetic acid (PHBV/PLA) blends as carbon source on pollutant's transformation, microbial communities and functional genes in pilot-scale aeration-anoxic two-stage CWs for polishing rural runoff in southern China. Results showed a striking improvement of TN removal in CWs with PHBV/PLA blends (64.5%) compared to that in CWs with ceramsite (52.9%). NH4+-N (61.3-64.6%), COD (40.4-53.8%) and TP (43.6-47.1%) were also removed effectively in both two CWs. In addition, the strains of Rhodocyclaceae and Bacteroidetes were the primary denitrifiers on the surface of PHBV/PLA blends. Further, the aerobic stage induced gathering of 16 S and amoA genes and the anoxic zone with PHBV/PLA blends increased the nirS genes, which fundamentally explained the better denitrification performance in CW based on PHBV/PLA blends. Consequently, this study will provide straightforward guidance for the operation of engineering CWs packed with polymers to govern the low-C/N rural wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Jia
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Haimeng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Liu Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Weizhong Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yee JY, Loc HH, Poh YL, Vo-Thanh T, Park E. Socio-geographical evaluation of ecosystem services in an ecotourism destination: PGIS application in Tram Chim National Park, Vietnam. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 291:112656. [PMID: 33940358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecotourism in national parks of developing countries is increasingly recognised as a promising option to achieve sustainable development goals, regardless, might imply various paradoxical managerial challenges. This paper, therefore, seeks to contribute a methodological framework utilising ES-based social landscape metrics (SLM) to address the potential barriers in managing ecotourism-integrated multi-functional national parks. We present a mixed-method case study in Vietnam's Tram Chim National Park (TCNP), conducted via semi-structural interviews and PGIS with tourists and locals. Multiple key informants, i.e. TCNP's authorities were also interviewed to provide their managerial insights and assist in verifying the PGIS results obtained from the tourists and locals. Via the quantified and mapped SLMs, the study reveals the differences between tourists and locals in terms of how and where they perceive and appreciate the intangible values of TCNP. Through spatial statistics, we reported important spatial correlations (i) between different categories of Ecosystem Services (ES) and (ii) between ES richness and diversity on different TCNP's land covers. As a contribution to the decision-making outlook, we remarked potential areas to expand of ecotourism activities based on the spatial hot and cold spots. This study concludes by highlighting opportunities for future research in expanding on socio-geographical assessments of ES, especially in the fields of ecotourism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ying Yee
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ho Huu Loc
- Water Engineering and Management, School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand; Department of Environment Management, Faculty of Food and Environment Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Viet Nam.
| | - Yi Le Poh
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Tan Vo-Thanh
- Department of Marketing, Excelia Group, CERIIM & CEREGE, (EA 1722), France
| | - Edward Park
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chiang HH, Basu M, Sianipar CPM, Onitsuka K, Hoshino S. Capital and symbolic power in water quality governance: stakeholder dynamics in managing nonpoint sources pollution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112587. [PMID: 33901832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining quantity and quality is a primary concern in the supply of drinking water. One critical indicator of water quality is nonpoint sources (NPS) pollution. However, persistent risks regarding water quality maintenance have often resulted from compounded social dynamics occurring within and between institutions, while solutions tend to concentrate on scientific/technological treatments. The present study aims to analyse the social dynamics operating within and between such institutions, with a particular focus on the management of NPS pollution that involves the participation of headwater residents. A qualitative case study was conducted on the management of the headwater in Taipei metropolis. The study applied Bourdieu's field theory to understand the mechanism of social interaction and diverse interests among stakeholders. Through in-depth interviews with stakeholders, this research investigated their perceptions regarding various water quality threats and treatments, also mechanisms and gaps in the implementation of NPS pollution-related policies. The study then interpreted emerging issues by considering the stakeholders' various forms of capital input, their strategies in capital exchange and accumulation, as well as the diverse symbolic powers in water quality governance. The research indicates that the ambiguous character of NPS pollution leads to diverse perceptions towards water quality risk, and the ambivalent strategies in negotiation also create barriers to stable stakeholder relationships. Consequently, the research suggests that technocratic-centred governance should also contain sociological perspectives on personal mentality and power dynamic in the society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hua Chiang
- Graduate School of Agriculture (GSA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Mrittika Basu
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies (GSGES), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Kenichiro Onitsuka
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies (GSGES), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hoshino
- Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies (GSGES), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu P, Zeng Q, Wang J, Hou J, Wang H, Yang Z, Liu H, Zhao Y. Identification of hotspots of threatened inland fish species and regions for restoration based on longitudinal river connectivity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112572. [PMID: 33894486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dams have reduced longitudinal river connectivity (LRC) worldwide, impairing habitat and migration opportunities for many freshwater fish species. However, national assessments linking LRC and threatened inland fish species distributions are lacking. Here, we show the trends in the LRC in China over the past 60 years, and quantitatively analyse their implications for threatened inland fish species. The average LRC in China decreased from 93.5% in 1960 to 25.1% in 2018, and the significant deterioration in LRC occurred over the last 20 years. Water resource regions with a high number of threatened fish species are concentrated in southern China, and the degree of threat to inland fish species increases with a decreasing average LRC. A total of 125 inland fish species are threatened by habitat degradation and loss, which is mainly caused by the construction of dams. Intrinsic factors and pollution are two other key threats to fish species in addition to the reduction of LRC. The results of this study can help us better understand the trends in LRC in China and their implications for inland fishes. Meanwhile, this study provides guidance for river management to help preserve biological diversity, including enhancing management of natural reserve areas, establishing ecological compensation mechanisms, preventing biological invasion, and monitoring and evaluation of restoration efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Department of Water Resources (DWR), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, PR China
| | - Qinghui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Department of Water Resources (DWR), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, PR China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Department of Water Resources (DWR), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, PR China
| | - Jiaming Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Department of Water Resources (DWR), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Department of Water Resources (DWR), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, PR China
| | - Zefan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Department of Water Resources (DWR), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Department of Water Resources (DWR), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Department of Water Resources (DWR), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahmoudi A, Mousavi SA, Darvishi P. Greywater as a sustainable source for development of green roofs: Characteristics, treatment technologies, reuse, case studies and future developments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:112991. [PMID: 34346386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Municipal activities are one of the most important water users worldwide; thus, the treatment and reuse of greywater for non-potable purposes helps to reduce a remarkable amount of consumed water within urban communities. To achieve greywater reuse standards, and remove surfactants, micropollutants, organic matters, microorganisms and other pollutants various methods including physical, chemical and biological processes have been used. Treated greywater can be used on site for different purposes: carwash, toilet flushing, fire protection, green roofs, green walls, non-food irrigation etc. Among them, the use of greywater is very important in the expansion of the green roofs. Green roofs offer many benefits to urban areas such as decreasing air pollution, reducing building cooling needs, promoting mental health of habitants, noise reduction and aesthetics improvement. Therefore, this article provides an overview mainly from two aspects, the possibilities of greywater reuse by studying the characteristics and available options for greywater treatment and its benefits toward the developing green roofs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Mahmoudi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyyed Alireza Mousavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Parastoo Darvishi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
An R, Liu P, Feng M, Cheng L, Yao M, Wang Y, Li X. Resilience analysis of the nexus across water supply, power generation and environmental systems from a stochastic perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112513. [PMID: 33823416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effects of external disturbances such as the population change on dynamics of water supply, power generation and environmental (WPE) systems have seldom been investigated. Following the WPE nexus profiled in the study of Feng et al. (2016), this study incorporated stochasticity of population, water supply and power generation into the modeling of the dynamical system in the Hehuang region of China, and further quantified resilience measures to understand the system's ability to withstand stochastic disturbances. First, the stochastic differential equations were used to improve the simulation of stochasticity in the WPE nexus. Next, the transient probability distribution functions (pdfs) of system variables, obtained by Monte Carlo simulation, were used to describe the evolutionary process of the system. Finally, the stationary pdfs of variables which reflect stable states of the system were derived to calculate four resilience measures. It is shown that: (1) The system approached a stable state after Year 2400 by calculating the L2 norm of the difference between transient and stationary pdfs. (2) The environmental system was identified as the most vulnerable subsystem because of its long convergence time. (3) The water supply system did not change greatly and it would remain stable at its current low level, i.e., water consumption per capita would be less than 80m3. The method adopted in this study is conducive to avoiding risk and the results provide valuable insights for regional management of a WPE nexus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rihui An
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Research Institute for Water Security (RIWS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China; Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Research Institute for Water Security (RIWS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China; Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Maoyuan Feng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Research Institute for Water Security (RIWS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China; Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Minglei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Research Institute for Water Security (RIWS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China; Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Research Institute for Water Security (RIWS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China; Hubei Provincial Key Lab of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dang KB, Nguyen TT, Ngo HH, Burkhard B, Müller F, Dang VB, Nguyen H, Ngo VL, Pham TPN. Integrated methods and scenarios for assessment of sand dunes ecosystem services. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112485. [PMID: 33813298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic and natural ecosystems in coastal dunes provide considerable benefits to human well-being. However, to date, we still lack a good understanding of how ecosystem services (ES) supply varies from young dunes (e.g., embryo and fore dunes) to mature dunes (e.g., brown and red dunes). This study proposed a novel modelling methodology by integrating an expert-based matrix, a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN), a structural equation model, and a scenario development method. It aims at evaluating dune ecosystem services for the sustainable development of coastal areas. The model was tested using data collected from dunes in Vietnam. An expert-based matrix to assess the supply capacity of 18 ES in different types of dunes was generated with the participation of 21 interdisciplinary scientists. It was found that red dune ecosystems could supply the most regulation and cultural ecosystem services, while gray dunes provided the least amount. Results from a scenario analysis recommended that decision-making is able to optimize multiple ES by: (i) keeping embryo/fore dunes in their natural state instead of using them for mineral mining and urbanization; (ii) enlarging certified and protected forests areas in gray and yellow dunes; and (iii) optimizing cultural ES supply in red dunes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinh Bac Dang
- Faculty of Geography, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Benjamin Burkhard
- Institute of Physical Geography and Landscape Ecology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 50, 30167, Hannover, Germany; Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research ZALF, Eberswalder Straße 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Felix Müller
- Institute for Natural Resource Conservation, Department of Ecosystem Management, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Van Bao Dang
- Faculty of Geography, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Faculty of Geography, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Liem Ngo
- Faculty of Geography, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Phuong Nga Pham
- Faculty of Geography, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oyetibo GO, Ige OO, Obinani PK, Amund OO. Ecological risk potentials of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals shape the bacterial communities of marine hydrosphere at Atlantic Ocean, Atlas Cove, Nigeria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112563. [PMID: 33852998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trans-Atlantic voyage of petroleum often leads to marine pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) and heavy metals (HMs) that defines structures of autochthonous bacteria in the hydrosphere. Bacterial taxa of marine sediments exposed to petroleum transport activities were profiled using 16S rDNA metagenomics and correlated with the geochemistry to establish their impact on the microbiome. The physico-chemistry of the marine systems revealed varied degrees of contamination with PHs and HMs exceeding recommended threshold for aquatic life. Ecological risk assessment based on organic carbon of the sediment established phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene posed high risks (index risk quotient >32) to marine life. The most dominant phylum of the 44 bacterial phyla in the marine-sphere was Proteobacteria with relative abundance of 45-77% in the sampling locations. Relative dominance of Proteobacteria in the sediments spanned Gammaproteobacteria (17-25%), Deltaproteobacteria (12-20%), and Alphaproteobacteria (7-14%). Whereas, more operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to Epsilonproteobacteria (19 ± 2.4%) were found in estuarine sediment unlike < 0.5% relative abundances obtained from oceanic sediments. Sulfurimonas apparently dominated the bacterial genera with up to 2.16 ± 0.19% abundance in oceanic sediments. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that PHs shaped the structure of bacterial OTUs in oceanic sediments where petroleum loading/offloading occurs unlike in some kilometres a yonder where HMs correlated with the bacteria structure. The dominant bacteria might possibly pivotal to ecophysiologies of hydrocarbon contaminated marine environment, and would be pertinent to biotechnological applications for possible bioremediation campaign.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu O Oyetibo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, 101017, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwatobi O Ige
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, 101017, Nigeria
| | - Peace K Obinani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, 101017, Nigeria
| | - Olukayode O Amund
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State, 101017, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Friedrich D. Comparative analysis of sustainability measures in the apparel industry: An empirical consumer and market study in Germany. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112536. [PMID: 33845266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pressure on the apparel industry to make its products more sustainable is growing. Concrete measures have hardly been taken so far, also because they aim to avoid consumption which reduces profits. Studies mostly examine impacts on the environment, but not how the market volume can remain at a maximum for producers. To uncover direct market effects from sustainability approaches, this study asked 500 German consumers about their willingness-to-pay and preference order for three different measures, namely "slowing in consumption", "recyclability of petrochemical clothing" or its "production from bioplastics". An outdoor trekking jacket served as test object, and influences from sociodemographic and latent variables, as sportiness and environmental awareness, were measured. The results were mapped in a market model from which the output volume was derived. It was found that interest in the topic of plastics-containing outdoor clothing was rather determined by the application. This increased with the sportiness of the respondents (r = 0.13; p = 0.003), but not with their personal environmental awareness. Consent to bioplastics use did not depend on the level of experience, but older consumers appreciated this option more (p = 0.027). Only 20% of the respondents favoured slowing, 26% bioplastics, but 53% recycling of petroplastics. Therefore, research should investigate recyclability, policy should support this measure, and companies should practice take-back and reuse in new clothing. Consumers can maintain fast consumption and would even accept higher prices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Friedrich
- Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University Mosbach, Arnold-Janssen-Straße 9-13, 74821, Mosbach, Germany; University of Bayreuth, Faculty of Business Administration - Marketing & Innovation, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany; Compolytics Research, Schwanheimer Straße 69, 74867, Neunkirchen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khosravi Mashizi A, Sharafatmandrad M. Investigating tradeoffs between supply, use and demand of ecosystem services and their effective drivers for sustainable environmental management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112534. [PMID: 33857711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems have a huge impact on social systems through providing diverse services. Sustainable management of social and ecological systems requires the quantification of spatial relationships between the supply, demand, and use of these ecosystem services. The main purpose of this paper was to provide a framework addressing all the complicated relationships of ecosystem services between ecological and social systems. Sustainable management cannot be achieved without considering these complex relationships. To simplify these complexities, management priorities must be identified. In this study, spatial changes of supply, use, and demand of ecosystem services and their main drivers were investigated. A Public Participation Geographic Information System was used to map the supply, demand and use of 19 ecosystem services in semiarid landscapes of Iran. Multi Criteria Decision Making methods were also used to link ecosystem services to social well-being. The main drivers of tradeoffs between supply, use, and demand of ecosystem services were determined using General Linear Method. The results showed that there was a synergy between supply, demand and use of ecosystem services in highlands. The deficit zones of ecosystem services were concentrated in lowlands. Provisioning services were the most important services for social well-being. The framework presented in this paper revealed all the complex relationships that the environmental management is faced with in ecosystem and social systems. Simplifying integrated relationships in both ecosystems (supply) and social systems (demand and use) helps sustainable management of ecosystems under environmental and social changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Khosravi Mashizi
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharafatmandrad
- Department of Ecological Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|