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Shi B, Yang X, Liang T, Liu S, Yan X, Li J, Liu Z. Source apportionment of soil PTE in a northern industrial county using PMF model: Partitioning strategies and uncertainty analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118855. [PMID: 38588909 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Positive matrix factorization (PMF) has commonly been applied for source apportionment of potentially toxic elements (PTE) in agricultural soil, however, spatial heterogeneity of PTE significantly undermines the accuracy and reliability of PMF results. In this study, a representative industrial-agricultural hub in North China (Xuanhua district, Zhangjiakou City) was selected as the research subject, multiple partition processing (PP) strategies and uncertainty analyses were integrated to advance the PMF modeling and associated algorithm mechanisms were comparatively discussed. Specifically, we adopted three methods to split the research area into several subzones according to industrial density (PP-1), population density (PP-2), and the ecological risk index (PP-3) respectively, to rectify the spatial bias phenomenon of PTE concentrations and to achieve a more interpretable result. Our results indicated that the obvious enrichment of Cd, Pb, and Zn was found in the agricultural soil, with Hg and Cd accounted for 83.49% of the overall potential ecological risk. Combining proper PP with PMF can significantly improve the modelling accuracy. Uncertainty analysis showed that interval ratios of tracer species (Cd, Pb, Hg, and Zn) calculated by PP-3 were consistently lower than that of PP-1 and PP-2, indicating that PP-3 coupled PMF can afford the optimal modeling results. It suggested that natural sources, fertilizers and pesticides, atmosphere deposition, mining, and smelting were recognized as the major contributor for the soil PTE contamination. The contribution of anthropogenic activities, specifically fertilizers and pesticides, and atmosphere deposition, increased by 1.64% and 5.91% compared to PMF results. These findings demonstrate that integration of proper partitioning processing into PMF can effectively improve the accuracy of the model even at the case of soil PTE contamination with high heterogeneity, offering support to subsequently implement directional control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biling Shi
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Siyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiulan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Junchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangdong, 510045, China
| | - Zhaoshu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Keramari V, Papadimou SG, Golia EE, Girousi S. Bismuth Film along with dsDNA-Modified Electrode Surfaces as Promising (bio)Sensors in the Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soils. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:310. [PMID: 38920614 PMCID: PMC11201461 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metals constitute pollutants that are particularly common in air, water, and soil. They are present in both urban and rural environments, on land, and in marine ecosystems, where they cause serious environmental problems since they do not degrade easily, remain almost unchanged for long periods, and bioaccumulate. The detection and especially the quantification of metals require a systematic process. Regular monitoring is necessary because of seasonal variations in metal levels. Consequently, there is a significant need for rapid and low-cost metal determination methods. In this study, we compare and analytically validate absorption spectrometry with a sensitive voltammetric method, which uses a bismuth film-plated electrode surface and applies stripping voltammetry. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) represents a well-established analytical technique, while the applicability of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) in complicated sample matrices such as soil samples is currently unknown. This sample-handling challenge is investigated in the present study. The results show that the AAS and ASV methods were satisfactorily correlated and showed that the metal concentration in soils was lower than the limit values but with an increasing trend. Therefore, continuous monitoring of metal levels in the urban complex of a city is necessary and a matter of great importance. The limits of detection of cadmium (Cd) were lower when using the stripping voltammetry (SWASV) graphite furnace technique compared with those obtained with AAS when using the graphite furnace. However, when using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (flame-AAS), the measurements tended to overestimate the concentration of Cd compared with the values found using SWASV. This highlights the differences in sensitivity and accuracy between these analytical methods for detecting Cd. The SWASV method has the advantage of being cheaper and faster, enabling the simultaneous determination of heavy elements across the range of concentrations that these elements can occur in Mediterranean soils. Additionally, a dsDNA biosensor is suggested for the discrimination of Cu(I) along with Cu(II) based on the oxidation peak of guanine, and adenine residues can be applied in the redox speciation analysis of copper in soil, which represents an issue of great importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Keramari
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sotiria G. Papadimou
- Laboratory of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.P.); (E.E.G.)
| | - Evangelia E. Golia
- Laboratory of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.G.P.); (E.E.G.)
| | - Stella Girousi
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Sundararaman S, Kumar KS, Siddharth U, Prabu D, Karthikeyan M, Rajasimman M, Thamarai P, Saravanan A, Kumar JA, Vasseghian Y. Sustainable approach for the expulsion of metaldehyde: risk, interactions, and mitigation: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:248. [PMID: 38874631 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
All pests can be eliminated with the help of pesticides, which can be either natural or synthetic. Because of the excessive use of pesticides, it is harmful to both ecology and people's health. Pesticides are categorised according to several criteria: their chemical composition, method of action, effects, timing of use, source of manufacture, and formulations. Many aquatic animals, birds, and critters live in danger owing to hazardous pesticides. Metaldehyde is available in various forms and causes significant impact even when small amounts are ingested. Metaldehyde can harm wildlife, including dogs, cats, and birds. This review discusses pesticides, their types and potential environmental issues, and metaldehyde's long-term effects. In addition, it examines ways to eliminate metaldehyde from the aquatic ecosystem before concluding by anticipating how pesticides may affect society. The metal-organic framework and other biosorbents have been appropriately synthesized and subsequently represent the amazing removal of pesticides from effluent as an enhanced adsorbent, such as magnetic nano adsorbents. A revision of the risk assessment for metaldehyde residuals in aqueous sources is also attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Sundararaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India.
| | - K Satish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - U Siddharth
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - D Prabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - M Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - M Rajasimman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Chidambaram, 608002, India
| | - P Thamarai
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 602105, India
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 602105, India
| | - J Aravind Kumar
- Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Wan Y, Peng M, Wang YP. Assessment of heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils and plants around the Dexing copper mine: implications for environmental management and remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:251. [PMID: 38340265 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
While land transportation is crucial for social development, it also introduces various pollutants, including heavy metals, which pose risks to both the environment and human health. This issue is particularly acute in mining areas, yet research focusing on heavy metal accumulation in soils and plants along transportation routes in these areas has been limited. Addressing this gap, this study investigates soil contamination levels and heavy metal concentrations in dominant plants along a highway and railway in the vicinity of the Dexing Copper Mine, the largest open-pit copper mine in China, located in Jiangxi Province. These transportation routes are heavily utilized for ore transportation, making them critical areas for environmental monitoring. Results reveal that the primary heavy metal contaminants in the soil were Cu (84.9 to 2554.3 mg/kg), Pb (38.3 to 2013.4 mg/kg), Cd (0.1 to 46.6 mg/kg), Zn (81.3 to 875.8 mg/kg), and As (11.8 to 2985.2 mg/kg), with significantly higher concentrations found in soils adjacent to the railway compared to the highway. Specifically, for plants along the highway, Cyperus rotundus showed a significant enrichment in Cd and demonstrated a notable capacity to translocate heavy metals from its roots to aerial parts. This is evidenced by the elevated concentration of Cd in the plant's aboveground tissues (0.87 mg/kg). Notably, both the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values exceeded 1, ranging from 1.07 to 3.62. Contrastingly, despite the elevated heavy metal concentrations in soils adjacent to the railway, plants in these areas did not exhibit hyperaccumulation characteristics. The unique behavior of Cyperus rotundus in accumulating and translocating Cd underscores its potential role in phytoremediation, particularly in the context of environmental management for areas impacted by mining activities, such as those surrounding China's largest copper mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueya Wan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, No. 1 Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yao-Ping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, No. 1 Haida Road, Mazhang District, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Răcușan Ghircoiaș O, Tănăselia C, Chintoanu M, Crișan I, Hoble A, Ștefan R, Dîrja M. Relevance of Soil Heavy Metal XRF Screening for Quality and Landscaping of Public Playgrounds. TOXICS 2023; 11:530. [PMID: 37368630 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals have become widespread urban pollutants, exposing vulnerable age groups such as children to potential risk. Specialists need feasible approaches that can routinely assist them in customizing options for sustainable and safer urban playgrounds. The aim of this research was to explore the practical relevance of the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) method from the perspective of landscaping specialists, and the practical significance of screening for those heavy metals that currently present elevated levels across urban environments Europe-wide. Soil samples from six public children's playgrounds of different typologies from Cluj-Napoca, Romania, were analyzed. The results indicated that this method was sensitive to identifying thresholds stipulated in legislation for the screened elements (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb). Coupled with the calculation of pollution indexes, this method can serve as a quick orientation in landscaping options for urban playgrounds. The pollution load index (PLI) for the screened metals showed that three sites displayed baseline pollution with incipient deterioration in soil quality (PLI = 1.01-1.51). The highest contribution to the PLI among the screened elements, depending on the site, was due to Zn, Pb, As, and Mn. The average levels of the detected heavy metals were within admissible limits according to national legislation. Implementable protocols addressed to different categories of specialists could help to transition towards safer playgrounds and more research on accurate cost-effective procedures to overcome the limitations of existing approaches is currently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Răcușan Ghircoiaș
- Department of Earth Survey and Exact Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Cadaster, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur Street No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Tănăselia
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary of National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000 Donath Street No. 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mircea Chintoanu
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary of National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000 Donath Street No. 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Crișan
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur Street No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adela Hoble
- Department of Horticulture and Landscaping, Faculty of Horticulture and Business in Rural Development, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur Street No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Răzvan Ștefan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur Street No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marcel Dîrja
- Department of Earth Survey and Exact Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Cadaster, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur Street No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Sankar TK, Kumar A, Mahto DK, Das KC, Narayan P, Fukate M, Awachat P, Padghan D, Mohammad F, Al-Lohedan HA, Soleiman AA, Ambade B. The Health Risk and Source Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Soil of Industrial Cities in India. TOXICS 2023; 11:515. [PMID: 37368615 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Industrial areas play an important role in the urban ecosystem. Industrial site environmental quality is linked to human health. Soil samples from two different cities in India, Jamshedpur and Amravati, were collected and analyzed to assess the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in industrial areas and their potential health risks. The total concentration of 16 PAHs in JSR (Jamshedpur) varied from 1662.90 to 10,879.20 ng/g, whereas the concentration ranged from 1456.22 to 5403.45 ng/g in the soil of AMT (Amravati). The PAHs in the samples were dominated by four-ring PAHs, followed by five-ring PAHs, and a small percentage of two-ring PAHs. The ILCR (incremental lifetime cancer risk) of the soil of Amravati was lower compared to that of Jamshedpur. The risk due to PAH exposure for children and adults was reported to be in the order of ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation while for adolescents it was dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation in Jamshedpur. In contrast, in the soil of Amravati, the PAH exposure path risk for children and adolescents were the same and showed the following order: dermal contact > ingestion > inhalation while for the adulthood age group, the order was ingestion > dermal contact > inhalation. The diagnostic ratio approach was used to assess the sources of PAHs in various environmental media. The PAH sources were mainly dominated by coal and petroleum/oil combustion. As both the study areas belong to industrial sites, the significant sources were industrial emissions, followed by traffic emissions, coal combustion for domestic livelihood, as well as due to the geographical location of the sampling sites. The results of this investigation provide novel information for contamination evaluation and human health risk assessment in PAH-contaminated sites in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Sankar
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 43149, Taiwan
| | - Dilip Kumar Mahto
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur 831014, India
| | - Kailash Chandra Das
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Prakash Narayan
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Manish Fukate
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Prashant Awachat
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Dhanshri Padghan
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, G H Raisoni University, Amravati 444701, India
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Soleiman
- College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - Balram Ambade
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur 831014, India
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Khan MN, Aslam MA, Muhsinah AB, Uddin J. Heavy Metals in Vegetables: Screening Health Risks of Irrigation with Wastewater in Peri-Urban Areas of Bhakkar, Pakistan. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11050460. [PMID: 37235274 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the key concerns in public health is food security in the food sector. Due to the large amounts of potentially hazardous metals in wastewater, this practice may pose serious environmental and health risks to neighboring residents. In this study, the health effects of heavy metals in vegetables irrigated with wastewater were studied. The findings indicated a massive accumulation of heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated soil and vegetables collected from Bhakkar, Pakistan. The current study looked at the effects of wastewater irrigation on metal buildup in the soil-plant continuum and the health hazards that come with it (Cd, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Fe). Heavy metal concentrations in vegetables cultivated on soil irrigated with untreated wastewater were not significantly lower (p ≥ 0.05) than in vegetables grown on wastewater-irrigated soil and were below the World Health Organization's recommended limits. A considerable amount of the selected hazardous metals was also swallowed by adults and children who consumed these vegetables, according to the research. On soil that had received wastewater irrigation, Ni and Mn were substantially different at p ≥ 0.001 levels. Pb, Ni, and Cd had health risk scores higher than the ones in all ingested vegetables, while Mn had a health risk score greater than the ones in turnips, carrots, and lettuce. The results also showed that both adults and children who consumed these vegetables absorbed a significant amount of the chosen toxic metals. Pb and Cd were shown to be the most dangerous chemical compounds to human health, and everyday consumption of agricultural plants irrigated with wastewater may pose a health risk, according to the health risk criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Nawaz Khan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hydrogen Science & Center of Hydrogen Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, School of Materials Science and Engineering, International Joint Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Muhammad Anis Aslam
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29220, Pakistan
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalal Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Biamont-Rojas IE, Cardoso-Silva S, Bitencourt MD, Dos Santos ACA, Moschini-Carlos V, Rosa AH, Pompêo M. Ecotoxicology and geostatistical techniques employed in subtropical reservoirs sediments after decades of copper sulfate application. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:2415-2434. [PMID: 35986856 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spatial distribution linked to geostatistical techniques contributes to sum up information into an easier-to-comprehend knowledge. This study compares copper spatial distribution in surface sediments and subsequent categorization according to its toxicological potential in two reservoirs, Rio Grande (RG) and Itupararanga (ITU) (São Paulo-Brazil), where copper sulfate is applied and not applied, respectively. Sediments from 47 sites in RG and 52 sites in ITU were collected, and then, copper concentrations were interpolated using geostatistical techniques (kriging). The resulting sediment distributions were classified in categories based on sediment quality guides: threshold effect level and probable effect level; regional reference values (RRVs) and enrichment factor (EF). Copper presented a heterogenic distribution and higher concentrations in RG (2283.00 ± 1308.75 mg/kg) especially on the upstream downstream, associated with algicide application as well as the sediment grain size, contrary to ITU (21.81 ± 8.28 mg/kg) where a no-clear pattern of distribution was observed. Sediments in RG are predominantly categorized as "Very Bad", whereas sediments in ITU are mainly categorized as "Good", showing values higher than RRV. The classification is supported by the EF categorization, which in RG is primarily categorized as "Very High" contrasting to ITU classified as "Absent/Very Low". Copper total stock in superficial sediment estimated for RG is 4515.35 Ton of Cu and for ITU is 27.45 Ton of Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Edward Biamont-Rojas
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, 18087-180, Brazil.
| | - Sheila Cardoso-Silva
- Federal University of Acre-UFAC, Rodovia BR 364, Km 04, Rio Branco, AC, 69920-900, Brazil
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo (IO/USP), Praça Do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dantas Bitencourt
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, trav. 14, n° 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Moschini-Carlos
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, 18087-180, Brazil
| | - André Henrique Rosa
- Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Três de Março, 511, Alto da Boa Vista, Sorocaba, 18087-180, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Pompêo
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Matão, trav. 14, n° 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
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9
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Zheng F, Guo X, Tang M, Zhu D, Wang H, Yang X, Chen B. Variation in pollution status, sources, and risks of soil heavy metals in regions with different levels of urbanization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161355. [PMID: 36610633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal (HM) pollution is an increasing threat to ecosystem integrity and human health with rapid urbanization. Nevertheless, how soil HMs vary with the process of urbanization remains unclear. Here we used index evaluation, spatial analysis, and a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to determine the pollution characteristics and sources of eight soil HMs (Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, and Ni) among regions with different urbanization levels (urban area, suburb, and ecoregion) in Baoding City, Northern China. We also assessed the risks posed to the ecosystem and human health using risk assessment models. The results indicated that the mean levels of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the study area exceeded the soil environmental quality standards by 10.7 %, 10.7 %, 12.5 %, 23.2 %, and 3.57 %, respectively. A pronounced regional spatial distribution was discovered with high levels in suburban areas. Both the geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index revealed significantly higher HM contamination in suburban areas than in urban or ecoregion areas. Source apportionment based on the PMF model and correlation analysis showed that soil HMs in suburban areas primarily originated from agricultural activity, industrial sources, and natural sources. Those in urban soils originated from industrial sources, urban traffic, and natural sources, whereas those in ecoregions derived from natural sources and agricultural activity. The complex sources of soil HMs in suburban areas resulted in the highest carcinogenic risks to children health, followed by the ecoregion, but not in urban areas. This study identified the differences in pollution levels, sources, and risks of soil HMs among regions with different urbanization levels and can guide future efforts to mitigate and manage soil HM pollution during urbanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zheng
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xin Guo
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mingyang Tang
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiaoru Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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10
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Notardonato I, Fantasma F, Monaco P, Di Fiore C, Saviano G, Giancola C, Avino P, De Felice V. The Presence of Ultra-Traces of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) and Heavy Metals in Some Areas of Molise: The Importance of a "Blank" in Public Health Studies. TOXICS 2023; 11:250. [PMID: 36977015 PMCID: PMC10059250 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emission of chemicals into the environment has increased in a not negligible way as a result of the phenomenon of globalization and industrialization, potentially also affecting areas always considered as "uncontaminated". In this paper, five "uncontaminated" areas were analyzed in terms of the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals (HMs), comparing them with an "environmental blank". Chemical analyses were carried out using standardized protocols. The 'environmental blank' results revealed the presence of Cu (<64.9 μg g-1), Ni (<37.2 μg g-1), and Zn (<52.6 μg g-1) as HMs and fluorene (<17.0 ng g-1) and phenanthrene (<11.5 ng g-1) as PAHs. However, regarding the results of the pollution status of the areas under study, fluorene (#S1, 0.34 ng g-1; #S2, 4.3 ng g-1; #S3, 5.1 ng g-1; #S4, 3.4 ng g-1; #S5, 0.7 ng g-1) and phenanthrene (#S1, 0. 24 ng g-1; #S2, 3.1 ng g-1; #S3, 3.2 ng g-1; #S4, 3.3 ng g-1; #S5, 0.5 ng g-1) were found in all areas, while the other PAHs investigated were detected at a concentration averaging less than 3.3 ng g-1. HMs were found in all of the investigated areas. In particular, Cd was detected in all areas with an average concentration of less than 0.036 μg g-1, while Pb was absent in area #S5, but present in the other areas with an average concentration of less than 0.018 μg g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Notardonato
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesca Fantasma
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Pamela Monaco
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Fiore
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gabriella Saviano
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Carmen Giancola
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome Research Area-Montelibretti, I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Avino
- Department of Agriculture, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), Rome Research Area-Montelibretti, I-00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Felice
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, I-86090 Pesche, Italy
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Golia EE, Chartodiplomenou MA, Papadimou SG, Kantzou OD, Tsiropoulos NG. Influence of soil inorganic amendments on heavy metal accumulation by leafy vegetables. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:8617-8632. [PMID: 34796440 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the effect of four inorganic soil amendments, such as lime (CaCO3), red mud consisting of 75% hematite (Fe2O3), gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), and Al oxide (Al2O3), of an alkaline heavy metal-contaminated soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted by physically mixing individual six subsamples of a soil sample collected from Thessaly area with four inorganic soil amendments along with two leafy plants, spinach and lettuce. Al oxide causes the maximum reduction of the water-soluble Cu concentration, as its concentrations is no longer detectable. The Cu availability index decreases when aluminum oxide was used. The use of gypsum and red mud caused almost equal reduction while the smallest decrease was caused by the use of lime. The Zn availability index decreased equally when aluminum oxide and gypsum were mixed with the soil sample. The highest reduction of Cu and Zn transfer coefficient (TC) was observed when the Al2O3 was used. In spinach, Zn TC reduction was 39.8% and Cu TC reduction was 41.0%. In lettuce, the addition of Al2O3 led to Cu TC reduction of over 37.3% and Zn TC reduction of up to 38.7%. Generally, Al2O3 nanoparticles may function as suitable sorbents for the removal of Zn and Cu from soil samples, with an increasing effectiveness in spinach rather than lettuce. Liming materials seem to increase the soil alkalinity and promote the complexation of soluble heavy metals with hydroxide ions leading to immobilization of heavy metals in soil and reduce their amount in leafy vegetables. Remediation of contaminated soils is considered necessary to reduce environmental risks and to achieve the means available to increase agricultural production of safe and quality food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Golia
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Soil Science, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece.
- Department of Agriculture, Laboratory of Soil Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Maria-Anna Chartodiplomenou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Soil Science, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Sotiria G Papadimou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Pesticides Laboratory, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Ourania-Despoina Kantzou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Soil Science, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Tsiropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Pesticides Laboratory, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
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12
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Niede R, Benbi DK. Integrated review of the nexus between toxic elements in the environment and human health. AIMS Public Health 2022; 9:758-789. [PMID: 36636150 PMCID: PMC9807406 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2022052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging pollutants in the environment due to economic development have become a global challenge for environmental and human health management. Potentially toxic elements (PTEs), a major group of pollutants, have been detected in soil, air, water and food crops. Humans are exposed to PTEs through soil ingestion, consumption of water, uptake of food crop products originating from polluted fields, breathing of dust and fumes, and direct contact of the skin with contaminated soil and water. The dose absorbed by humans, the exposure route and the duration (i.e., acute or chronic) determine the toxicity of PTEs. Poisoning by PTEs can lead to excessive damage to health as a consequence of oxidative stress produced by the formation of free radicals and, as a consequence, to various disorders. The toxicity of certain organs includes neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, skin toxicity, and cardiovascular toxicity. In the treatment of PTE toxicity, synthetic chelating agents and symptomatic supportive procedures have been conventionally used. In addition, there are new insights concerning natural products which may be a powerful option to treat several adverse consequences. Health policy implications need to include monitoring air, water, soil, food products, and individuals at risk, as well as environmental manipulation of soil, water, and sewage. The overall goal of this review is to present an integrated view of human exposure, risk assessment, clinical effects, as well as therapy, including new treatment options, related to highly toxic PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Niede
- Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany,* Correspondence:
| | - Dinesh K. Benbi
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Urban Sustainability at Risk Due to Soil Pollution by Heavy Metals—Case Study: Volos, Greece. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11071016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this case study is the meticulous observation of urban soil pollution by heavy metals (HMs), or, alternatively, potentially toxic elements (PTEs). The study took place in the urban center of Volos, Greece. Moreover, 248 soil samples were collected during 2018–2021 (62 samples annually), while 3.65 km2 was, approximately, the study area. The breakdown of total concentrations took place for the interpretation of different soil parameters, also according to mean values and medians of the total concentrations of HMs, the following decreasing order was monitored: Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd. During the 4-year study, an increasing trend of metal concentration was observed (for each year compared to the previous one). Furthermore, the imaginary triangle, which was observed, is bordered by the historic train station, the two city bus and intercity coach stations and the commercial harbor. Statistical analysis was implemented in order to interpret the exceedances of HMs concerning the Directive 86/278/EEC. Principal component analysis (PCA) is an additional technique that was conducted because of the correlations and interdependences between the HMs. A strong correlation was observed between the HMs, but mainly between Cd and Zn, which is probably due to their common origin. During the COVID-19 pandemic, significant changes in metal concentrations were observed in different parts of the city, due to the limited movement of motorized wheeled vehicles, but also due to the long operating hours of the heating systems in the residential area. Further research is needed in the future in order to identify the sources of pollution and to find possible ways to reduce it. All in all, urban soil pollution by HMs is a great conundrum of the environmental aspect of sustainability.
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Sur IM, Micle V, Hegyi A, Lăzărescu AV. Extraction of Metals from Polluted Soils by Bioleaching in Relation to Environmental Risk Assessment. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113973. [PMID: 35683266 PMCID: PMC9182333 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has particular implications for the whole geosystem and increases the global risk to human and ecological health. In this regard, investigations were carried out on soil samples to perform the quality status assessment by determining: pH, texture, structure and metal concentration, as well as carrying out an assessment of anthropogenic activity by determining pollution indices: Cf (contamination factor), Cd (degree of contamination), PLI (pollution load index), Er (ecological risk index) and PERI (potential ecological risk index). Analyses on soil samples showed high concentrations of metals (Cu: 113-2996 mg kg-1; Pb: 665-5466 mg kg-1; Cr: 40-187 mg kg-1; Ni: 221-1708 mg kg-1). The metal extraction experiments were carried out by bioleaching using Thiobacillusferrooxidans, microorganisms at different amounts of bioleaching solution (20 mL and 40 mL 9K medium) and a stirring time of up to 12 h. The results on the degree of contamination, pollution loading index PLI (2.03-57.23) and potential ecological risk index PERI (165-2298) indicate that the soils in the studied area have a very high degree of pollution. The decontamination procedure by bioleaching showed a decrease, but at the end of the test (12 h), the followed indices indicate high values, suggesting that bioleaching should continue. The depollution yield after 12 h of treatment is, however, encouraging: Cu 29-76%, Pb: 10-32%, Cr: 39-72% and Ni 44-68%. The use of yield-time correlation equations allows the identification of the optimal exposure time on the bioleaching extraction process to obtain optimal results. The aim of the research is to determine the soil quality, soil environmental risk, extraction of metals from polluted soils by bioleaching and to identify influencing factors in achieving high remediation yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Monica Sur
- Department of Environment Engineering and Entrepreneurship of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Avenue, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.M.S.); (V.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Valer Micle
- Department of Environment Engineering and Entrepreneurship of Sustainable Development, Faculty of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Muncii Avenue, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.M.S.); (V.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Andreea Hegyi
- NIRD URBAN-INCERC Cluj-Napoca Branch, 117 Calea Floresti, 400524 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: (I.M.S.); (V.M.); (A.H.)
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Kuklová M, Kukla J, Hniličková H, Hnilička F, Pivková I. Impact of Car Traffic on Metal Accumulation in Soils and Plants Growing Close to a Motorway (Eastern Slovakia). TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040183. [PMID: 35448444 PMCID: PMC9030527 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper evaluates the impact of car transport on the distribution and accumulation of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in soils, as well as in the vegetation near a newly built R4 motorway Košice-Milhosť (Slovakia). Samples were taken from surface humus layer (litter) and 0−5, 10−20 and 20−30 cm mineral layers of Cambisol and Luvisol, as well as from assimilatory organs of Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus cerris, Quercus rubra, Negundo aceroides and Anthriscus sylvestris growing in the segments of geobiocoenosis Querci-Fageta Typica. The concentrations of total Zn and Cu were determined using SensAA AAS and the total concentrations of Cd and Pb using an instrument iCE 3000 Series AAS-F. Contamination factor (CF) values showed that surface humus layer of both soil units is moderately contaminated with Zn (1 ≤ CF ˂ 3), low contaminated with Cu (CF ˂ 1) and considerably contaminated with Pb and Cd (3 ≤ CF ˂ 6). Contamination of the surface humus layer of Luvisol with Pb is very high (CF > 6), while in the case of mineral layers with Zn and Cu it is low (CF ˂ 1). The mineral layers of Luvisol are moderately contaminated with Pb and Cd (1 ≤ CF ˂ 3) and Cambisol layers with Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd. For the group of 5 tested plants, higher values of toxic elements in the leaves were observed on Luvisol compared to Cambisol. However, only Cu conconcentrations in Luvisol significantly correlated with Cu concentrations in plants (r > 0.4 or r < 0.6). The same can be said for Zn concentrations in Cambisol (r > 0.8). The best indicator of the environment polluted by car traffic appears to be A. sylvestris. Transfer coefficients (TC ˃ 1) revealed that this species concentrated the most Zn and Cu on Luvisol and close to 1 are also the TC values found for Cu in F. excelsior and Q. cerris leaves taken on Luvisol. Lead is accumulated most efficiently in N. aceroides leaves and Cd in A. sylvestris leaves regardless of soil unit. Compared to background values, the total concentrations of trace elements in soils and plants were significantly higher and point to the pollution of forest ecosystems already in the initial stage of motorway operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margita Kuklová
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia; (J.K.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ján Kukla
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia; (J.K.); (I.P.)
| | - Helena Hniličková
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.H.); (F.H.)
| | - František Hnilička
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.H.); (F.H.)
| | - Ivica Pivková
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 960 01 Zvolen, Slovakia; (J.K.); (I.P.)
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Assessment of Soil Quality Status and the Ecological Risk in the Baia Mare, Romania Area. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Industrial activities in the Baia Mare, Romania area have generated strong pollution, and the impact on soil quality in the neighboring areas of the city remains unclear. The aim of the research is to investigate samples of soil from Baia Mare in order to determine the quality of the soil and also the ecological risk of the soil. This study presents among the first studies using the ecological risk assessment methodology on the soil from the Baia Mare area and aims to serve as scientific support for future studies and research. Evaluation of the soil quality state was performed by determining the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil (pH, texture, structure, and concentration of metals). Evaluation of the anthropic activity from the studied areas was conducted by determining the pollution indices: Cf; Cd, PLI, Er, and PERI. The results of this study indicate that the surface soils have very high concentrations of metals (Cd: 3.5–14.4 mg kg−1; Cu: 9.4–361.5 mg kg−1; Pb: 29.7–1973 mg kg−1), with exceedances of the limit values established in the Romanian legislation. Results regarding the degree of contamination, the PLI pollution load index (1.3–14.9), and the PERI potential ecological risk index (733.9–4686) indicate that soils in the studied area have a very high degree of pollution.
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Assessment of the Railroad Transport Impact on Physical and Chemical Soil Properties: The Case Study from Zduńska Wola Karsznice Railway Junction, Central Poland. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9110296. [PMID: 34822687 PMCID: PMC8625778 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of the soil and water environment with harmful substances can be associated with many activities carried out on the railway. The problem is particularly relevant to liquid fuel loading and refueling facilities as well as to increased traffic at railway junctions. Studies were conducted in the area of railway junction Zduńska Wola Karsznice in central Poland (Łódź Voivodeship). Soil samples were collected from specific research points: from the inter-railway (A), 5 m from the main track (B), from the embankment-10 m from the main track (C), and from the side track (D), at the depth of 0-5 cm (1) and 20 cm (2). The following analyses were made: granulometric composition, pH in H2O, and percent content of carbonates (CaCO3). PHEs were determined in the fractions: 0.25 ≤ 0.5 mm, 0.1 ≤ 0.25 mm, and 0.05 ≤ 0.1 mm: Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Sr by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique (ICP-MS/TOF OPTIMass 9500). The objectives of the study were (1) to assess PHEs (potentially harmful elements) contamination of the topsoil level of railway area, (2) to determine the correlation between the concentration of PHEs and the size of the fraction, and (3) to identify the areas (places) where the highest concentrations of PHEs were recorded. Based on the studied parameters, significant differentiation in soil properties of the areas in Zduńska Wola Karsznice was found. The analyses carried out showed that the accumulation of potentially harmful elements was as follows: Cu > Zn > Sr > Pb > Ni > Cr > Co > Cd. The average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Sr, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co and Cd were 216.0; 152.1; 97.8; 64.6; 15.2; 14.4; 3.1 and 0.2 mg·kg-1 d.w., respectively. These contaminations occur in the topsoil layer of the railway embankment, which suggests a railway transport origin. The highest concentrations of PHEs were recorded in samples collected from close to the rails (inter-railway, side track), and in the embankment (10 m from the track) in the very fine sand fraction (0.05 ≤ 0.1 mm). The high accumulation index of copper, cadmium and lead in the surface layer of soil indicate their anthropogenic origin. The results presented in the paper can be used in local planning and spatial development of this area, taking into account all future decisions about ensuring environmental protection, including groundwater and soils.
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