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Kaur R, Choudhary D, Bali S, Bandral SS, Singh V, Ahmad MA, Rani N, Singh TG, Chandrasekaran B. Pesticides: An alarming detrimental to health and environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170113. [PMID: 38232846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides are chemical substances of natural or synthetic origin that are used to eradicate pests and insects. These are indispensable in the agricultural processes for better crop production. Pesticide use aims to promote crop yield and protect the crops from diseases and damage. Pesticides must be handled carefully and disposed of appropriately because they are dangerous to people and other species by default. Environmental pollution occurs when pesticide contamination spreads away from the intended plants. Older pesticides such as lindane and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) may remain in water and soil for a longer time. These accumulate in various parts of the food chain and cause damage to the ecosystem. Biological techniques in the management of pest control such as importation, augmentation, and conservation, and the accompanying procedures are more efficient, less expensive, and ecologically sound than other ways. This review mainly focuses on the consequences on the targeted and non-targeted organisms including the health and well-being of humans by the use of pesticides and their toxicity. The side effects that occur when a pesticide's LD50 exceeds the accepted limit through oral or skin penetration due to their binding to various receptors such as estrogen receptors, GABA, EGFR, and others. These pesticide classes include carbamates, pyrethroids, organochlorides, organophosphorus, and others. The current study seeks to highlight the urgent requirement for a novel agricultural concept that includes a major reduction in the use of chemical pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Diksha Choudhary
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Samriddhi Bali
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | | | - Varinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Md Altamash Ahmad
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Nidhi Rani
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
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Magnuson JT, Sydnes MO, Ræder EM, Schlenk D, Pampanin DM. Transcriptomic profiles of brains in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to pharmaceuticals and personal care products from a wastewater treatment plant discharge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169110. [PMID: 38065506 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are frequently detected in marine environments, posing a threat to aquatic organisms. Our previous research demonstrated the occurrence of neuroactive compounds in effluent and sediments from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in a fjord North of Stavanger, the fourth-largest city in Norway. To better understand the influence of PPCP mixtures on fish, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were caged for one month in 3 locations: site 1 (reference), site 2 (WWTP discharge), and site 3 (6.7 km west of discharge). Transcriptomic profiling was conducted in the brains of exposed fish and detection of PPCPs in WWTP effluent and muscle fillets were determined. Caffeine (47.8 ng/L), benzotriazole (10.9 ng/L), N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) (5.6 ng/L), methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5.5 ng/L), trimethoprim (3.4 ng/L), carbamazepine (2.1 ng/L), and nortriptyline (0.4 ng/L) were detected in the WWTP effluent. Octocrylene concentrations were observed in muscle tissue at all sites and ranged from 53 to 193 ng/g. Nervous system function and endocrine system disorders were the top enriched disease and function pathways predicted in male and female fish at site 2, with the top shared canonical pathways involved with estrogen receptor and Sirtuin signaling. At the discharge site, predicted disease and functional responses in female brains were involved in cellular assembly, organization, and function, tissue development, and nervous system development, whereas male brains were involved in connective tissue development, function, and disorders, nervous system development and function, and neurological disease. The top shared canonical pathways in females and males were involved in fatty acid activation and tight junction signaling. This study suggests that pseudopersistent, chronic exposure of native juvenile Atlantic cod from this ecosystem to PPCPs may alter neuroendocrine and neuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway; U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
| | - Magne O Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway
| | - Erik Magnus Ræder
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ås 1433, Norway
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Daniela M Pampanin
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger 4036, Norway
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Kumar A, Jasrotia S, Dutta J, Kyzas GZ. Pyrethroids toxicity in vertebrates and invertebrates and amelioration by bioactive compounds: A review. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105615. [PMID: 37945252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Generations of different synthetic pesticides have been launched over time to maintain balance between production and consumption of the agricultural yield, control various disease programmes, store grains, etc. Pyrethroids, which are supposed to be non-toxic, have been excessively implemented and have contaminated soil and water bodies. Thus, pyrethroids cause severe and dreadful pernicious effects on various life forms residing in soil, air, and water. Various obnoxious effects of pyrethroids have been analyzed in the vertebrate and invertebrate systems of the animal kingdom. Pyrethroids, namely, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Beta-cyfluthrin, Esfenvalerate, Fenvalerate, and Bifenthrin, have set out various types of degenerative and toxic impacts that include oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity involving thymic and splenic toxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, foetal toxicity, alterations in serum calcium and phosphate levels, cerebral and bone marrow degeneration, degeneration of the reproductive system, histological alteration, and DNA damage. Bioactive compounds like Diosmin, Curcumin, Rutin, Spirulina platensis, sesame oil, Naringin, Allicin, Piperine, alpha-lipoic acid, alpha-tocopherol, Cyperus rotundus L. tuber extract, herbal syrup from chicory and artichoke leaves, green tea extract, Quercetin, Trans-ferulic acid, Ascorbic acid, Propolis, ethanolic extract of grape pomace, and Melatonin have been reported to sublime the toxic effects of these pesticides. The expanding harmfulness of pesticides is a real and demanding issue that needs to be overcome, and bioactive compounds have been shown to reduce the toxicity in vivo as well as in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India.
| | - Shailja Jasrotia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Joydeep Dutta
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala GR-654 04, Greece
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Arkles M, Sinche F, Lydy MJ. Assessing the Influence of Organic Carbon, Aging Time and Temperature on Bioaccessibility of Bifenthrin. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 85:429-437. [PMID: 37898585 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Tenax extraction, a measure of chemical desorption rates from sediments, was used to evaluate the bioaccessibility of bifenthrin in two different sediments exposed to three temperatures aged over a 56-d holding period. A 24-h single-point Tenax extraction was used and parent 14C-bifenthrin and polar metabolites were quantified in the sediment and Tenax. Bioaccessibility of bifenthrin was inversely related to the organic carbon (OC) content in the sediment, holding time, and temperature. Sequestration of the bifenthrin into slowly desorbing fractions within the sediment appears to have decreased degradation of the parent compound into metabolites and decreased the amount of parent compound bioaccessible for uptake by the Tenax. These results suggest that the environmental risk of bifenthrin to aquatic species is greatest immediately after the pesticide enters a waterbody after runoff, for low-OC content sediments, and in areas or seasons where water temperatures are colder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Arkles
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Federico Sinche
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
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Eghan K, Lee S, Yoo D, Kim CH, Kim WK. Adverse effects of bifenthrin exposure on neurobehavior and neurodevelopment in a zebrafish embryo/larvae model. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140099. [PMID: 37690556 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin, a third-generation synthetic pyrethroid, is widely used as an agricultural insecticide. However, it can flow into surface and groundwater, leading to adverse consequences such as immunotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, hormone dysregulation, or neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, the entire range of its neurotoxic consequences, particularly in aquatic organisms, remains unclear. In this study, we conducted an extensive examination of how exposure to bifenthrin affects the behavior and nervous system function of aquatic vertebrates, using a zebrafish model and multiple-layered assays. We exposed wild-type and transgenic lines [tg(elavl3:eGFP) and tg(mbp:mGFP)] to bifenthrin from <3 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf. Our findings indicate that bifenthrin exposure concentrations of 103.9 and 362.1 μg/L significantly affects the tail-coiling response at 24 hpf and the touch-evoked responses at 72 hpf. Moreover, it has a significant effect on various aspects of behavior such as body contact, distance between subjects, distance moved, and turn angle. We attribute these effects to changes in acetylcholinesterase and dopamine levels, which decrease in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, neuroimaging revealed neurogenesis defects, e.g., shortened brain and axon widths, and demyelination of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. Additionally, the transcription of genes related to neurodevelopment (e.g., gap43, manf, gfap, nestin, sox2) were significantly upregulated and neurotransmitters (e.g., nlgn1, drd1, slc6a4a, ache) was significantly downregulated. In summary, our data shows that bifenthrin exposure has detrimental effects on neurodevelopmental and neurotransmission systems in the zebrafish embryo/larvae model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kojo Eghan
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea.
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea.
| | - Donggon Yoo
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea.
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea.
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea; Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea.
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Pan R, Guo Z, Xu W, Li S, Zheng G, Zou S. Cooperative adaptation strategies of different tissues in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) juvenile to acute ammonia nitrogen stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:92042-92052. [PMID: 37480532 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia-nitrogen is a common stress factor for aquatic organisms in their habitation environment, which is enriched in water due to high-density farming and environmental pollution. Ammonia nitrogen can enter fish body through gill, epidermis, digestive tract, and other tissues, causing fish ammonia poisoning. In the present study, juvenile blunt snout bream (average weight, 45 ± 5 g) were exposed to high concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen stress (25.0 ± 0.5 mg/L) for six different treatment times (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h); the tissue ultrastructure, mRNA levels of antioxidation system, and apoptosis patterns were studied. The antioxidant systems of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (ACP), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in various tissues were highly transcripted at 6 or 12 h (hpt) after treatment under high ammonia-nitrogen, which may play a role in preventing cells from being attacked by highly toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). After 24 hpt, the antioxidant capacity threshold is breached, followed by the decline of antioxidant enzyme activity. Thus, with the prolonging of high ammonia-nitrogen processing time, ammonia-nitrogen stress caused irreversible damage of organs (gill, liver, and kidney). Furthermore, the expression of caspase-3 apoptotic pathway was highly induced in different tissues, implying the apoptotic system is activated, which causes extensive cell apoptosis in different tissues as shown using TUNEL analysis. In conclusion, we observed that, in response to acute ammonia-nitrogen stress, blunt snout bream enhances antioxidant capacity and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjia Pan
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zaozao Guo
- Genetics and Breeding Center for Blunt Snout Bream, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenya Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Guodong Zheng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Shuming Zou
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Lesseur C, Kaur K, Kelly SD, Hermetz K, Williams R, Hao K, Marsit CJ, Caudle WM, Chen J. Effects of prenatal pesticide exposure on the fetal brain and placenta transcriptomes in a rodent model. Toxicology 2023; 490:153498. [PMID: 37019170 PMCID: PMC10152924 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides are among the most extensively used insecticides worldwide. Prenatal exposures to both classes of pesticides have been linked to a wide range of neurobehavioral deficits in the offspring. The placenta is a neuroendocrine organ and the crucial regulator of the intrauterine environment; early-life toxicant exposures could impact neurobehavior by disrupting placental processes. Female C57BL/6 J mice were exposed via oral gavage to an organophosphate, chlorpyrifos (CPF) at 5 mg/kg, a pyrethroid, deltamethrin (DM), at 3 mg/kg, or vehicle only control (CTL). Exposure began two weeks before breeding and continued every three days until euthanasia at gestational day 17. The transcriptomes of fetal brain (CTL n = 18, CPF n = 6, DM n = 8) and placenta (CTL n = 19, CPF n = 16, DM n = 12) were obtained through RNA sequencing, and resulting data was evaluated using weighted gene co-expression networks, differential expression, and pathway analyses. Fourteen brain gene co-expression modules were identified; CPF exposure disrupted the module related to ribosome and oxidative phosphorylation, whereas DM disrupted the modules related to extracellular matrix and calcium signaling. In the placenta, network analyses revealed 12 gene co-expression modules. While CPF exposure disrupted modules related to endocytosis, Notch and Mapk signaling, DM exposure dysregulated modules linked to spliceosome, lysosome and Mapk signaling pathways. Overall, in both tissues, CPF exposure impacted oxidative phosphorylation, while DM was linked to genes involved in spliceosome and cell cycle. The transcription factor Max involved in cell proliferation was overexpressed by both pesticides in both tissues. In summary, gestational exposure to two different classes of pesticide can induce similar pathway-level transcriptome changes in the placenta and the brain; further studies should investigate if these changes are linked to neurobehavioral impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Lesseur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kirtan Kaur
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sean D Kelly
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Karen Hermetz
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Randy Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - W Michael Caudle
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Magnuson JT, Fuller N, McGruer V, Huff Hartz KE, Acuña S, Whitledge GW, Lydy MJ, Schlenk D. Effect of temperature and dietary pesticide exposure on neuroendocrine and olfactory responses in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120938. [PMID: 36572271 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Projected water temperature increases based on predicted climate change scenarios and concomitant pesticide exposure raises concern about the responses of aquatic organisms. To better understand the effect of pesticide mixtures and influence of water temperature to fish, juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were dietarily exposed to a mixture of legacy and current use pesticides (p,p'-DDE, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos, esfenvalerate, and fipronil) at concentrations detected from field-collected prey items in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, California (Delta) and exposed under current and predicted future water temperature scenarios, 11, 14, or 17 °C, for 14 days. The expression of a subset of genes (deiodinase 2-dio2, gonadotropin releasing hormone 2-gnrh2, and catechol-o-methyltransferase-comt) involved in neuroendocrine, dopaminergic, and olfactory function previously shown to be altered by individual pesticide exposures germane to this study were determined and olfactory function assessed using a Y-maze behavioral assay. When total body burdens of pesticides were measured, a significant decrease in dio2 expression was observed in Chinook salmon exposed at 14 °C compared to fish kept at 11 °C. Increases in gnrh2 expression were also observed in fish exposed to 14 °C. Similarly, increases in comt expression was noted at 14 and 17 °C. Additionally, altered expression of all transcripts was observed, showing interactions between temperature and individual pesticide concentrations. Chinook salmon spent significantly more time actively avoiding the odorant arm at baseline conditions of 11 °C in the Y-maze. At higher temperatures, Chinook spent significantly more time not making a choice between the odorant or clean arm following exposure to the low pesticide mixture, relative to 11 °C. These results suggest that dietary exposure to pesticide mixtures can potentially induce neuroendocrine effects and behavior. Impaired olfactory responses exhibited by Chinook salmon could have implications for predator avoidance in the wild under increased temperature scenarios and impact populations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States.
| | - Neil Fuller
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Victoria McGruer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States
| | - Kara E Huff Hartz
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Shawn Acuña
- Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Sacramento, CA, 95814, United States
| | - Gregory W Whitledge
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, United States; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Magnuson JT, Leads RR, McGruer V, Qian L, Tanabe P, Roberts AP, Schlenk D. Transcriptomic profiling of miR-203a inhibitor and miR-34b-injected zebrafish (Danio rerio) validates oil-induced neurological, cardiovascular and eye toxicity response pathways. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 254:106356. [PMID: 36423467 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The global sequencing of microRNA (miRNA; miR) and integration to downstream mRNA expression profiles in early life stages (ELS) of fish following exposure to crude oil determined consistently dysregulated miRNAs regardless of the oil source or fish species. The overlay of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs into in silico software determined that the key roles of these miRNAs were predicted to be involved in cardiovascular, neurological and visually-mediated pathways. Of these, altered expression of miRNAs, miR-203a and miR-34b were predicted to be primary targets of crude oil. To better characterize the effect of these miRNAs to downstream transcript changes, zebrafish embryos were microinjected at 1 h post fertilization (hpf) with either a miR-203a inhibitor or miR-34b. Since both miRs have been shown to be associated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) function, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a potent AhR agonist, was used as a potential positive control. Transcriptomic profiling was conducted on injected and exposed larvae at 7 and 72 hpf, and eye morphology assessed following exposure at 72 hpf. The top predicted physiological system disease and functions between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared with miR-203a inhibitor-injected and miR-34b-injected embryos were involved in brain formation, and the development of the central nervous system and neurons. When DEGs of miR-203a inhibitor-injected embryos were compared with BaP-exposed DEGs, alterations in nervous system development and function, and abnormal morphology of the neurosensory retina, eye and nervous tissue were predicted, consistent with both AhR and non-AhR pathways. When assessed morphologically, the eye area of miR-203a inhibitor and miR-34b-injected and BaP-exposed embryos were significantly reduced. These results suggest that miR-203a inhibition and miR-34b overexpression contribute to neurological, cardiovascular and eye toxicity responses that are caused by oil and PAH exposure in ELS fish, and are likely mediated through both AhR and non-AhR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T Magnuson
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America.
| | - Rachel R Leads
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental, Research Institute, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Victoria McGruer
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Le Qian
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Philip Tanabe
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Aaron P Roberts
- University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences and Advanced Environmental, Research Institute, Denton, TX, United States of America
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA, United States of America; Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang, University, Hangzhou, China
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Brander SM, White JW, DeCourten BM, Major K, Hutton SJ, Connon RE, Mehinto A. Accounting for transgenerational effects of toxicant exposure in population models alters the predicted long-term population status. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac023. [PMID: 36518876 PMCID: PMC9730329 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute environmental stressors such as short-term exposure to pollutants can have lasting effects on organisms, potentially impacting future generations. Parental exposure to toxicants can result in changes to the epigenome (e.g., DNA methylation) that are passed down to subsequent, unexposed generations. However, it is difficult to gauge the cumulative population-scale impacts of epigenetic effects from laboratory experiments alone. Here, we developed a size- and age-structured delay-coordinate population model to evaluate the long-term consequences of epigenetic modifications on population sustainability. The model emulated changes in growth, mortality, and fecundity in the F0, F1, and F2 generations observed in experiments in which larval Menidia beryllina were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of bifenthrin (Bif), ethinylestradiol (EE2), levonorgestrel (LV), or trenbolone (TB) in the parent generation (F0) and reared in clean water up to the F2 generation. Our analysis suggests potentially dramatic population-level effects of repeated, chronic exposures of early-life stage fish that are not captured by models not accounting for those effects. Simulated exposures led to substantial declines in population abundance (LV and Bif) or near-extinction (EE2 and TB) with the exact trajectory and timeline of population decline dependent on the combination of F0, F1, and F2 effects produced by each compound. Even acute one-time exposures of each compound led to declines and recovery over multiple years due to lagged epigenetic effects. These results demonstrate the potential for environmentally relevant concentrations of commonly used compounds to impact the population dynamics and sustainability of an ecologically relevant species and model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Brander
- *Correspondence address. Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA. Tel: +541-737-5413; E-mail:
| | - J Wilson White
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | | | - Kaley Major
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Sara J Hutton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95656, USA
| | - Alvine Mehinto
- Toxicology Department, Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, USA
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11
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Magnuson JT, Caceres L, Sy N, Ji C, Tanabe P, Gan J, Lydy MJ, Schlenk D. The Use of Non-targeted Lipidomics and Histopathology to Characterize the Neurotoxicity of Bifenthrin to Juvenile Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11482-11492. [PMID: 35876619 PMCID: PMC9387103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the detection frequencies and measured concentrations in surface water, the type I pyrethroid insecticide, bifenthrin, has been of particular concern within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. Concentrations have been detected above levels previously reported to impair neuroendocrine function and induce neurotoxicity to several species of salmonids. Metabolomic and transcriptomic studies indicated impairment of cellular signaling within the brain of exposed animals and potential alteration of lipid metabolism. To better understand the potential impacts of bifenthrin on brain lipids, juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to mean bifenthrin concentrations of 28 or 48 ng/L for 14 days, and non-targeted lipidomic profiling in the brain was conducted. Brain tissue sections were also assessed for histopathological insult following bifenthrin treatment. Bifenthrin-exposed trout had a concentration-dependent decrease in the relative abundance of triglycerides (TGs) with levels of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) significantly altered following 48 ng/L bifenthrin exposure. An increased incidence of histopathological lesions, such as focal hemorrhages and congestion of blood vessels, was noted in the brains of bifenthrin-treated animals, suggesting an association between altered lipid metabolism and neuronal cell structure and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Magnuson
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Leslie Caceres
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nathan Sy
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chenyang Ji
- College
of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Philip Tanabe
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jay Gan
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Michael J. Lydy
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Institute
of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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12
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Mittal K, Ewald J, Basu N. Transcriptomic Points of Departure Calculated from Rainbow Trout Gill, Liver, and Gut Cell Lines Exposed to Methylmercury and Fluoxetine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1982-1992. [PMID: 35622055 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ethical and resource limitation concerns are pushing chemicals management to develop alternatives to animal testing strategies. The objective of our study was to determine whether transcriptomic point of departure (tPOD) values could be derived from studies that followed Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test No. 249 (rainbow trout gill cell line), as well as from studies on trout liver and gut cells. Gill, liver, and gut cell lines were exposed to methylmercury and fluoxetine. Concentrations causing 50% cytotoxicity (LC50) were derived, the whole transcriptome was sequenced, and gene tPOD and pathway benchmark dose (BMD) values were derived from transcriptomic dose-response analysis. Differences in LC50 and transcriptomic responses across the cell lines were noted. For methylmercury, the tPODmode values were 14.5, 20.5, and 17.8 ppb for the gill, liver, and gut cells, respectively. The most sensitive pathway (pathway BMDs in parentheses) was ferroptosis in the gill (3.1 ppb) and liver (3.5 ppb), and glutathione metabolism in the gut (6.6 ppb). For fluoxetine, the tPODmode values were 109.4, 108.4, and 97.4 ppb for the gill, liver, and gut cells, respectively. The most sensitive pathway was neurotrophin signaling in the gill (147 ppb) and dopaminergic signaling in the gut (86.3 ppb). For both chemicals, the gene tPOD and pathway BMD values were lower than cytotoxic concentrations in vitro, and within 10-fold below the in vivo LC50s. By bringing together transcriptomics and dose-response analysis with an OECD test method in three cell lines, the results help to establish an in vitro method yielding tPOD values that are hypothesized to be protective of in vivo concentrations associated with adverse outcomes, and also give insights into mechanisms of action. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1982-1992. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittika Mittal
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Ewald
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Zolotarenko AD, Shitova MV. Transcriptome Studies of Salmonid Fishes of the Genius Oncorhynchus. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542207016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Magnuson JT, Fuller N, Huff Hartz KE, Anzalone S, Whitledge GW, Acuña S, Lydy MJ, Schlenk D. Dietary Exposure to Bifenthrin and Fipronil Impacts Swimming Performance in Juvenile Chinook Salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5071-5080. [PMID: 35353479 PMCID: PMC9354086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two commonly used insecticides, bifenthrin and fipronil, can accumulate in the prey of juvenile Chinook salmon, yet the effects of dietary exposure are not understood. Therefore, to better characterize the effect of a dietary exposure route, juvenile Chinook salmon were fed chironomids dosed with a concentration of 9 or 900 ng/g of bifenthrin, fipronil, or their mixture for 25 days at concentrations previously measured in field-collected samples. Chinook were assessed for maximum swimming performance (Umax) using a short-duration constant acceleration test and biochemical responses related to energetic processes (glucose levels) and liver health (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity). Chinook exposed to bifenthrin and bifenthrin and fipronil mixtures had a significantly reduced swimming performance, although not when exposed to fipronil alone. The AST activity was significantly increased in bifenthrin and mixture treatments and glucose levels were increased in Chinook following a mixture treatment, although not when exposed to fipronil alone. These findings suggest that there are different metabolic processes between bifenthrin and fipronil following dietary uptake that may influence toxicity. The significant reductions in swimming performance and increased levels of biochemical processes involved in energetics and fish heath could have implications for foraging activity and predator avoidance in wild fish at sensitive life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason T. Magnuson
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, 2460A Geology, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Neil Fuller
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Kara E. Huff Hartz
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Sara Anzalone
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Gregory W. Whitledge
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Shawn Acuña
- Metropolitan
Water District of Southern California, 1121 L Street, Suite 900, Sacramento, California 95814, United States
| | - Michael J. Lydy
- Department
of Zoology, Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
California, Riverside, 2460A Geology, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Institute
of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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15
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Park W, Park S, Lim W, Song G. Bifenthrin reduces pregnancy potential via induction of oxidative stress in porcine trophectoderm and uterine luminal epithelial cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 784:147143. [PMID: 33901951 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides has become a serious concern for the environment and human health. Bifenthrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, is one of the most frequently used pesticides worldwide. Despite the toxic potential of bifenthrin, no studies have elucidated the cytotoxic response of bifenthrin in maternal and fetal cells that are involved in the implantation process. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of bifenthrin was investigated using porcine trophectoderm (pTr) and uterine luminal epithelial (pLE) cells. The results showed that bifenthrin suppressed cell proliferation and viability in pTr and pLE cells. In particular, bifenthrin induced cell cycle arrest, resulting in apoptosis in both cell lines. We found that bifenthrin damaged the mitochondria and induced the production of reactive oxygen species, causing endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium dysregulation in pTr and pLE cells. Finally, bifenthrin altered the MAPK/PI3K signaling pathway and pregnancy-related gene expression. Collectively, our results suggest that bifenthrin reduces the implantation potential of embryos and may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying toxin-derived cytotoxicity in maternal and fetal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyoung Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Kara-Ertekin S, Yazar S, Erkan M. In vitro toxicological assessment of flumethrin's effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:2165-2177. [PMID: 34142587 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211022789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pyrethroid pesticides are frequently used for household insect control of insects and in agriculture and livestock. Flumethrin is a pyrethroid that is used against ectoparasites in many animals. The goal of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, apoptotic, genotoxic, and estrogenic effects of flumethrin on the mammalian breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Compared with control groups, a dose-dependent decrease was observed in cell viability at concentrations of 100 µM and higher. The cytotoxic and apoptotic effects detected by LDH assay and AO/EtBr staining increased significantly at a concentration of 1000 µM. The expression of BCL2, which is an anti-apoptotic gene, significantly decreased, whereas BAX, TP53, and P21 expression significantly increased. The results of a comet assay indicated that flumethrin significantly changed tail length, tail % DNA, tail moment, and Olive tail moment in concentrations above 1 and 10 µM. In addition, a 0.1 µM concentration of flumethrin affected ERα receptor mediated cell proliferation and increased transcription of estrogen-responsive pS2 (TFF1) and progesterone receptor (PGR) genes. As a result, flumethrin-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity at a high concentration, while induced genotoxicity even at lower concentrations. Flumethrin is an endocrine disrupting insecticide with estrogenic effects at very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kara-Ertekin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Yazar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Erkan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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