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Lakušić M, Damm M, Bjelica V, Anđelković M, Tomović L, Bonnet X, Arsovski D, Süssmuth RD, Calvete JJ, Martínez-Freiría F. Ontogeny, not prey availability, underlies allopatric venom variability in insular and mainland populations of Vipera ammodytes. J Proteomics 2024; 310:105320. [PMID: 39306033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Allopatric populations living under distinct ecological conditions are excellent systems to infer factors underlying intraspecific venom variation. The venom composition of two populations of Vipera ammodytes, insular with a diet based on ectotherms and mainland with a diet based on ectotherms and endotherms, was compared considering the sex and age of individuals. Ten toxin families, dominated by PLA2, svMP, svSP, and DI, were identified through a bottom-up approach. The venom profiles of adult females and males were similar. Results from 58 individual SDS-PAGE profiles and venom pool analysis revealed significant differences between juveniles compared to subadults and adults. Two venom phenotypes were identified: a juvenile svMP-dominated and KUN-lacking phenotype and an adult PLA2/svMP-balanced and KUN-containing phenotype. Despite differences in prey availability (and, therefore, diet) between populations, no significant differences in venom composition were found. As the populations are geographically isolated, the lack of venom diversification could be explained by insufficient time for natural selection and/or genetic drift to act on the venom composition of island vipers. However, substantial differences in proteomes were observed when compared to venoms from geographically distant populations inhabiting different conditions. These findings highlight the need to consider ecological and evolutionary processes when studying venom variability. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the venom composition of two allopatric populations of Vipera ammodytes, living under similar abiotic (climate) but distinct biotic (prey availability) conditions. The ontogenetic changes in venom composition, coupled with the lack of differences between sex and between populations, shed light on the main determinants of venom evolution in this medically important snake. Seven new proteomes may facilitate future comparative studies of snake venom evolution. This study highlights the importance of considering ecological and evolutionary factors to understand snake venom variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Lakušić
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Maik Damm
- Animal Venomics Lab, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Ohlebergsweg 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany; LOEWE-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany; Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Gießen 35392, Germany; Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vukašin Bjelica
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Anđelković
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Tomović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Xavier Bonnet
- CEBC, UMR-7372, CNRS Université de La Rochelle, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Dragan Arsovski
- Macedonian Ecological Society, Arhimedova 5, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Roderich D Süssmuth
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juan J Calvete
- Laboratorio de Venómica Evolutiva y Traslacional, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez-Freiría
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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Orozco-Mera J, Montoya-Gómez A, Lopes DS, Jiménez-Charris E. Snake venom bioprospecting as an approach to finding potential anti-glioblastoma molecules. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2024; 30:e20240015. [PMID: 39285908 PMCID: PMC11404105 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2024-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common type of malignant tumor of the central nervous system, responsible for significant morbidity and with a 5-year overall relative survival of only 6.8%. Without advances in treatment in the last twenty years, the standard of care continues to be maximum safe resection, Temozolomide (TMZ), and radiotherapy. Many new trials are ongoing, and despite showing increased progression-free survival, these trials did not improve overall survival. They did not consider the adverse effects of these therapies. Therefore, an increasing number of bioprospecting studies have used snake venom molecules to search for new strategies to attack GB selectively without producing side effects. The present review aims to describe GB characteristics and current and new approaches for treatment considering their side effects. Besides, we focused on the antitumoral activity of snake venom proteins from the Viperidae family against GB, exploring the potential for drug design based on in vitro and in vivo studies. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. In January 2024, a systematic search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to December 2023. Search terms were selected based on the population/exposure/outcome (PEO) framework and combined using Boolean operators ("AND", "OR"). The search strategy used these terms: glioblastoma, glioma, high-grade glioma, WHO IV glioma, brain cancer, snake venom, Viperidae, and bioprospection. We identified 10 in vivo and in vitro studies with whole and isolated proteins from Viperidae venom that could have antitumor activity against glioblastoma. Studies in bioprospecting exploring the advantage of snake venom proteins against GB deserve to be investigated due to their high specificity, small size, inherent bioactivity, and few side effects to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Orozco-Mera
- Grupo de Nutrición, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clínica Imbanaco, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Daiana Silva Lopes
- Multidisciplinary Institute in Health, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
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Lopes Júnior CA, Mendes MKDA, Sousa MDS, Vieira EC, Andrade TDA, de Jesus JR. Exploring metalloproteins found in the secretion of venomous species: Biological role and therapeutical applications. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:539-562. [PMID: 38960485 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Several species during evolution suffered random mutations in response to various environmental factors, which resulted in the formation of venom in phylogenetically distant species. The composition of the venom of most species is poorly known. Snake venom is well characterized while most species have poorly known composition. In contrast, snake venoms are well characterized which proteins and peptides are the main active and most abundant constituents. 42 protein families have been identified, including metalloproteins known as metalloproteinases. These macromolecules are enzymes with zinc in their active site derived from the disintegrin A and metalloproteinase (ADAM) cellular family and are categorized into three classes (PI, PII and PIII) according to their domain organization. The snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) are cytotoxic, neurotoxic, myotoxic and/or hematotoxic with a crucial role in the defense and restraint of prey. In this scenario envenoming represents a danger to human health and has been considered a neglected disease worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical countries. Nevertheless, recently advances in "omics" technologies have demonstrated interesting biological activities of SVMPs such as antimicrobial, anticancer, against cardiovascular diseases and nervous system disorders. Metalloproteins have the therapeutic potential to be converted into drugs as other components of the venom have undergone this process (e.g., captopril, tirefiban and eptifibatide). So, this chapter is focused on the metalloproteins found in the secretions of venomous species, highlight some aspects such as structure, biological activity, pharmacological therapeutic potential and on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cícero Alves Lopes Júnior
- Grupo de Estudo em Bioanalítica (GEBIO), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí-UFPI, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
| | | | - Michely da Silva Sousa
- Grupo de Estudo em Bioanalítica (GEBIO), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí-UFPI, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Edivan Carvalho Vieira
- Grupo de Estudo em Bioanalítica (GEBIO), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí-UFPI, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Jemmyson Romário de Jesus
- Research Laboratory in Bionanomaterials, LPbio, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Lan Y, Qiu X, Xu Y. Expression, Purification and Characterization of Recombinant Disintegrin from Gloydius Brevicaudus Venom in Escherichia Coli. Protein J 2024; 43:603-612. [PMID: 38734856 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Disintegrins, a family of snake venom protein, which are capable of modulating the activity of integrins that play a fundamental role in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes. The main purpose of this study is to obtain the recombinant disintegrin (r-DI) and evaluate its biological activity. In this study, we explored a high-level expression prokaryotic system and purification strategy for r-DI. Then, r-DI was treated to assay effects on cell growth, migration, and invasion. The affinity for the interactions of r-DI with integrin was determined using Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analyses. The r-DI can be expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by one-step chromatography. The r-DI can inhibit B16F10 cells proliferation, migration, and invasion. Also, we found that r-DI could interact with the integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb/IIIa). The r-DI can be expressed, purified, characterized through functional assays, and can also maintain strong biological activities. Thus, this study showed potential therapeutic effects of r-DI for further functional and structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxiang Lan
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, FuJian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuliang Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yunlu Xu
- The School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Center of Translational Hematology of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Phan P, Deshwal A, McMahon TA, Slikas M, Andrews E, Becker B, Kumar TKS. A Review of Rattlesnake Venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 16:2. [PMID: 38276526 PMCID: PMC10818703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Venom components are invaluable in biomedical research owing to their specificity and potency. Many of these components exist in two genera of rattlesnakes, Crotalus and Sistrurus, with high toxicity and proteolytic activity variation. This review focuses on venom components within rattlesnakes, and offers a comparison and itemized list of factors dictating venom composition, as well as presenting their known characteristics, activities, and significant applications in biosciences. There are 64 families and subfamilies of proteins present in Crotalus and Sistrurus venom. Snake venom serine proteases (SVSP), snake venom metalloproteases (SVMP), and phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are the standard components in Crotalus and Sistrurus venom. Through this review, we highlight gaps in the knowledge of rattlesnake venom; there needs to be more information on the venom composition of three Crotalus species and one Sistrurus subspecies. We discuss the activity and importance of both major and minor components in biomedical research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Anant Deshwal
- Department of Biology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA; (T.A.M.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Tyler Anthony McMahon
- Department of Biology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA; (T.A.M.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Matthew Slikas
- Department of Biology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA; (T.A.M.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Elodie Andrews
- Department of Biology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA; (T.A.M.); (M.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Brian Becker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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Messadi E. Snake Venom Components as Therapeutic Drugs in Ischemic Heart Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1539. [PMID: 37892221 PMCID: PMC10605524 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), especially myocardial infarction (MI), is a leading cause of death worldwide. Although coronary reperfusion is the most straightforward treatment for limiting the MI size, it has nevertheless been shown to exacerbate ischemic myocardial injury. Therefore, identifying and developing therapeutic strategies to treat IHD is a major medical challenge. Snake venoms contain biologically active proteins and peptides that are of major interest for pharmacological applications in the cardiovascular system (CVS). This has led to their use for the development and design of new drugs, such as the first-in-class angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, developed from a peptide present in Bothrops jararaca snake venom. This review discusses the potential usefulness of snake venom toxins for developing effective treatments against IHD and related diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. It describes their biological effects at the molecular scale, their mechanisms of action according to their different pharmacological properties, as well as their subsequent molecular pathways and therapeutic targets. The molecules reported here have either been approved for human medical use and are currently available on the drug market or are still in the clinical or preclinical developmental stages. The information summarized here may be useful in providing insights into the development of future snake venom-derived drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erij Messadi
- Plateforme de Physiologie et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaires (P2C), Laboratoire des Biomolécules, Venins et Applications Théranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia
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Nafiseh NN, Hossein V, Nasser MD, Mojtaba N, Minoo A, Mohammad Ali B, Giti P. Analysis and Identification of Putative Novel Peptides Purified from Iranian Endemic Echis Carinatus Sochureki Snake Venom by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2023; 78:1503-1527. [PMID: 38590689 PMCID: PMC10998951 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2023.78.5.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The Iranian Echis Carinatus (IEC) venom is an exclusive natural source of bio-substances for a wide range of purposes in the blood coagulation cascade. The present study for the first time was aimed to assess novel pro-coagulant, anti-coagulant and anti-platelet proteins, named EC1.5 (a), EC5.1 (b) and EC4 (a) from Iranian Echis Carinatus (IEC) venom. These peptides were purified by multi-step chromatography methods. Hematological properties were measured using activated clotting tests, platelet aggregation studies, and hemorrhage assessment. Subsequently, these proteins were identified through both their intact molecular mass and peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Multiple sequence alignments were performed by ClustalW, Bioedit software. Molegro Data Modeller (MDM) 3.0 software was used to predict the putative tertiary structure of proteins.EC1.5 (a), a single-band protein with a molecular mass of 66 and 55 kDa, was observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a reduced and non-reduced state, respectively. Based on the Mascot results, we considered that EC1.5 (a) is a metalloproteinase of group ΙΙ which exhibited potent pro-coagulant activity. It is predicted that the EC1.5 (a) with hemorrhagic activity, potentially is a metalloproteinase/disintegrin region that constitutes the disintegrin-like domains. Our findings demonstrate that the disintegrin domain of EC1.5 (a) lacks platelet aggregation inhibitory activity. On the contrary, this factor shows the property of a platelet aggregation inducer. Also, the EC5.1 (b) was observed as a single-band protein with a molecular mass of 7.5 kDa. EC5.1 (b) showed both anti-coagulant and anti-platelet properties. Additionally, the structure of the EC5.1 (b) fraction is expected to be similar to that of phospholipase A2, while EC4 (a) structure is potentially very similar to that of Echistatin with 5 kDa molecular mass. We introduce the predicted structure of P-II snake venom metalloproteinase/ disintegrin domains, phospholipase A2 and Echistatin-like fractions. Further research is therefore needed to determine the complete structure of these novel fractions and elucidate their mechanism of action and future therapeutic applications of cardiovascular and homeostasis disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasri Nasrabadi Nafiseh
- Student Research Committee, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Vatanpour Hossein
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Najafi Mojtaba
- Department of Venomous Animals and Anti-venom, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ahmadinejad Minoo
- Department of Molecular Genetic and Animal Breeding, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan, Iran
| | - Bayatzadeh Mohammad Ali
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouyanmehr Giti
- Ph.D. student of toxicology, Tehran Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Chan BD, Wong WY, Lee MML, Yue PYK, Dai X, Tsim KWK, Hsiao WLW, Li M, Li XY, Tai WCS. Isolation and characterization of ZK002, a novel dual function snake venom protein from Deinagkistrodon acutus with anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1227962. [PMID: 37841933 PMCID: PMC10570812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1227962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pathological angiogenesis, the abnormal or excessive generation of blood vessels, plays an important role in many diseases including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, and arthritis. Additionally, increasing evidence supports the close linkage between angiogenesis and inflammation. Snake venoms are a rich natural source of biologically active molecules and carry rich potential for the discovery of anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory modulators. Methods: Here, we isolated and purified a novel protein, ZK002, from the venom of the snake Deinagkistrodon acutus, and investigated its anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities and mechanisms. Results: ZK002 was identified as a 30 kDa heterodimeric protein of α and β chains, which exhibited anti-angiogenic activity in various in vitro assays. Mechanistically, ZK002 inhibited activation of VEGF signaling and related mediators including eNOS, p38, LIMK, and HSP27. ZK002 also upregulated the metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP3 and inhibited components of the VEGF-induced signaling cascade, PPP3R2 and SH2D2A. The anti-angiogenic activity of ZK002 was confirmed in multiple in vivo models. ZK002 could also inhibit the in vitro expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as in vivo inflammation in the carrageenin-induced edema rat model. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the potential for further development of ZK002 as a dual function therapeutic against diseases with involvement of pathogenic angiogenesis and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Dow Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing-Yan Wong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Magnolia Muk-Lan Lee
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ying-Kit Yue
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiangrong Dai
- Lee’s Pharmaceutical (HK) Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Karl Wah-Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen-Luan Wendy Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mandy Li
- Zhaoke (Hong Kong) Ophthalmology Pharmaceutical Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Li
- Zhaoke (Hong Kong) Ophthalmology Pharmaceutical Limited, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William Chi-Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Almeida GDO, de Oliveira IS, Arantes EC, Sampaio SV. Snake venom disintegrins update: insights about new findings. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2023; 29:e20230039. [PMID: 37818211 PMCID: PMC10561651 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2023-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake venom disintegrins are low molecular weight, non-enzymatic proteins rich in cysteine, present in the venom of snakes from the families Viperidae, Crotalidae, Atractaspididae, Elapidae, and Colubridae. This family of proteins originated in venom through the proteolytic processing of metalloproteinases (SVMPs), which, in turn, evolved from a gene encoding an A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) molecule. Disintegrins have a recognition motif for integrins in their structure, allowing interaction with these transmembrane adhesion receptors and preventing their binding to proteins in the extracellular matrix and other cells. This interaction gives disintegrins their wide range of biological functions, including inhibition of platelet aggregation and antitumor activity. As a result, many studies have been conducted in an attempt to use these natural compounds as a basis for developing therapies for the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the FDA has approved Tirofiban and Eptifibatide as antiplatelet compounds, and they are synthesized from the structure of echistatin and barbourin, respectively. In this review, we discuss some of the main functional and structural characteristics of this class of proteins and their potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Oliveira Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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10
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Zhu J, Li W, Jing J. Design, Synthesis and Anti-Melanoma Activity of Novel Annexin V Derivative with β 3-Integrin Affinity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11107. [PMID: 37446286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor tissues often exhibit unique integrin receptor presentation during development, such as high exposures of αvβ3 and αIIbβ3 integrins. These features are not present in normal tissues. The induction of selective thrombosis and infarction in the tumor-feeding vessels, as well as specific antagonism of αvβ3 integrin on the surface of tumor endothelial cells, is a potential novel antitumor strategy. The Echistatin-Annexin V (EAV) fusion protein is a novel Annexin V (ANV) derivative that possesses a high degree of αvβ3 and αIIbβ3 integrin receptor recognition and binding characteristics while retaining the specific binding ability of the natural ANV molecule for phosphatidylserine (PS). We systematically investigated the biological effects of this novel molecule with superimposed functions on mouse melanoma. We found that EAV inhibited the viability and migration of B16F10 murine melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, exhibited good tumor suppressive effects in a xenograft mouse melanoma model, strongly induced tumor tissue necrosis in mice, and targeted the inhibition of angiogenesis in mouse melanoma tumor tissue. EAV exhibited stronger biological effects than natural ANV molecules in inhibiting melanoma in mice. The unique biological effects of EAV are based on its high β3-type integrin receptor-specific recognition and binding ability, as well as its highly selective binding to PS molecules. Based on these findings, we propose that EAV-mediated tumor suppression is a novel and promising antitumor strategy that targets both PS- and integrin β3-positive tumor neovascularization and the tumor cells themselves, thus providing a possible mechanism for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jian Jing
- Beijing Key Lab of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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11
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Avella I, Damm M, Freitas I, Wüster W, Lucchini N, Zuazo Ó, Süssmuth RD, Martínez-Freiría F. One Size Fits All-Venomics of the Iberian Adder ( Vipera seoanei, Lataste 1878) Reveals Low Levels of Venom Variation across Its Distributional Range. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:371. [PMID: 37368672 PMCID: PMC10301717 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
European vipers (genus Vipera) are medically important snakes displaying considerable venom variation, occurring at different levels in this group. The presence of intraspecific venom variation, however, remains understudied in several Vipera species. Vipera seoanei is a venomous snake endemic to the northern Iberian Peninsula and south-western France, presenting notable phenotypic variation and inhabiting several diverse habitats across its range. We analysed the venoms of 49 adult specimens of V. seoanei from 20 localities across the species' Iberian distribution. We used a pool of all individual venoms to generate a V. seoanei venom reference proteome, produced SDS-PAGE profiles of all venom samples, and visualised patterns of variation using NMDS. By applying linear regression, we then assessed presence and nature of venom variation between localities, and investigated the effect of 14 predictors (biological, eco-geographic, genetic) on its occurrence. The venom comprised at least 12 different toxin families, of which five (i.e., PLA2, svSP, DI, snaclec, svMP) accounted for about 75% of the whole proteome. The comparative analyses of the SDS-PAGE venom profiles showed them to be remarkably similar across the sampled localities, suggesting low geographic variability. The regression analyses suggested significant effects of biological and habitat predictors on the little variation we detected across the analysed V. seoanei venoms. Other factors were also significantly associated with the presence/absence of individual bands in the SDS-PAGE profiles. The low levels of venom variability we detected within V. seoanei might be the result of a recent population expansion, or of processes other than directional positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Avella
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; (I.F.); (N.L.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Maik Damm
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.)
| | - Inês Freitas
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; (I.F.); (N.L.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Wüster
- Molecular Ecology and Evolution at Bangor, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;
| | - Nahla Lucchini
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; (I.F.); (N.L.)
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Óscar Zuazo
- Calle La Puebla 1, 26250 Santo Domingo de la Calzada, Spain
| | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (M.D.)
| | - Fernando Martínez-Freiría
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; (I.F.); (N.L.)
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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Eptifibatide, an Older Therapeutic Peptide with New Indications: From Clinical Pharmacology to Everyday Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065446. [PMID: 36982519 PMCID: PMC10049647 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic peptides are oligomers or short polymers of amino acids used for various medical purposes. Peptide-based treatments have evolved considerably due to new technologies, stimulating new research interests. They have been shown to be beneficial in a variety of therapeutic applications, notably in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ACS is characterized by coronary artery wall damage and consequent formation of an intraluminal thrombus obstructing one or more coronary arteries, leading to unstable angina, non-ST elevated myocardial infarction, and ST-elevated myocardial infarction. One of the promising peptide drugs in the treatment of these pathologies is eptifibatide, a synthetic heptapeptide derived from rattlesnake venom. Eptifibatide is a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor that blocks different pathways in platelet activation and aggregation. In this narrative review, we summarized the current evidence on the mechanism of action, clinical pharmacology, and applications of eptifibatide in cardiology. Additionally, we illustrated its possible broader usage with new indications, including ischemic stroke, carotid stenting, intracranial aneurysm stenting, and septic shock. Further research is, however, required to fully evaluate the role of eptifibatide in these pathologies, independently and in comparison to other medications.
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Venom comparisons of endemic and micro-endemic speckled rattlesnakes Crotalus mitchellii, C. polisi and C. thalassoporus from Baja California Peninsula. Toxicon 2023; 224:107030. [PMID: 36649760 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A high diversity of rattlesnake species can be found in the Baja California peninsula and the island of the Gulf of California, nevertheless, their venom has been poorly evaluated. The aim of this work was to present the first characterization of endemic Crotalus mitchellii, micro endemic C. polisi and C. thalassoporus venoms. All samples provoke human plasma coagulation showing doses in the rank of 2.3-41.0 μg and also produce rapid hydrolysis of the alpha chain of bovine fibrinogen while the beta chain is attacked at larger incubation periods by C. polisi and especially by C. thalassoporus. Phospholipase activity ranging from 23.2 to 173.8 U/mg. The venoms of C. thalassoporus and C. polisi show very high hemorrhagic activity (from 0.03 to 0.31 μg). A total of 130 toxin-related proteins were identified and classified into ten families. Crotalus mitchellii venom was characterized by high abundance of crotoxin-like and other phospholipase proteins (34.5%) and serine proteinases (29.8%). Crotalus polisi showed a similar proportion of metalloproteinases (34%) and serine proteinases (22.8%) components with important contribution of C-type lectins (14.3%) and CRiSP (14.0%) proteins. Venom of C. thalassoporus is dominated by metalloproteases that amount to more than 66% of total toxin proteins. These results provide a foundation for comprehending the biological, ecological and evolutionary significance of venom composition of speckled rattlesnake from the Baja California peninsula.
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Xin H, Huang J, Song Z, Mao J, Xi X, Shi X. Structure, signal transduction, activation, and inhibition of integrin αIIbβ3. Thromb J 2023; 21:18. [PMID: 36782235 PMCID: PMC9923933 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric receptors comprising α and β subunits. They are expressed on the cell surface and play key roles in cell adhesion, migration, and growth. Several types of integrins are expressed on the platelets, including αvβ3, αIIbβ3, α2β1, α5β1, and α6β1. Among these, physically αIIbβ3 is exclusively expressed on the platelet surface and their precursor cells, megakaryocytes. αIIbβ3 adopts at least three conformations: i) bent-closed, ii) extended-closed, and iii) extended-open. The transition from conformation i) to iii) occurs when αIIbβ3 is activated by stimulants. Conformation iii) possesses a high ligand affinity, which triggers integrin clustering and platelet aggregation. Platelets are indispensable for maintaining vascular system integrity and preventing bleeding. However, excessive platelet activation can result in myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Therefore, finding a novel strategy to stop bleeding without accelerating the risk of thrombosis is important. Regulation of αIIbβ3 activation is vital for this strategy. There are a large number of molecules that facilitate or inhibit αIIbβ3 activation. The interference of these molecules can accurately control the balance between hemostasis and thrombosis. This review describes the structure and signal transduction of αIIbβ3, summarizes the molecules that directly or indirectly affect integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and discusses some novel antiαIIbβ3 drugs. This will advance our understanding of the activation of αIIbβ3 and its essential role in platelet function and tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Xin
- grid.452511.6Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003 China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310003 China ,grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Zhiqun Song
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784Jiangsu Province People’s Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 China
| | - Jianhua Mao
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiaodong Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210003, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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15
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How snake venom disintegrins affect platelet aggregation and cancer proliferation. Toxicon 2022; 221:106982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Badalkhani-Khamseh F, Ebrahim-Habibi A, Hadipour NL, Behmanesh M. PEGylated PAMAM Dendrimers as Eptifibatide Nanocarriers: An Atomistic View from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Chiang LC, Chien KY, Su HY, Chen YC, Mao YC, Wu WG. Comparison of Protein Variation in Protobothrops mucrosquamatus Venom between Northern and Southeast Taiwan and Association with Human Envenoming Effects. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090643. [PMID: 36136582 PMCID: PMC9501293 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of bite from Protobothrops mucrosquamatus (Pmu) are frequent in Taiwan, and its wide-spread distribution and diverse habitats drove us to investigate its envenoming effects and relevant venom variations. We used reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to analyze 163 Pmu venom samples collected from northern and southeastern Taiwan. Twenty-two major protein fractions were separated and analyzed, and their contents were determined semi-quantitatively. The results showed that despite the trivial differences in the protein family, there is an existing variation in acidic phospholipases A2s, serine proteinases, metalloproteinases, C-type lectin-like proteins, and other less abundant components in the Pmu venoms. Moreover, clinical manifestations of 209 Pmu envenomed patients hospitalized in northern or southeastern Taiwan revealed significant differences in local symptoms, such as ecchymosis and blistering. The mechanism of these local effects and possibly relevant venom components were examined. Further analysis showed that certain venom components with inter-population variation might work alone or synergistically with others to aggravate the local effects. Therefore, our findings of the venom variation may help one to improve antivenom production and better understand and manage Pmu bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao-Chun Chiang
- College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yi Chien
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung County 824, Taiwan
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung County 840, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung County 811, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chia Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114, Taiwan
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.M.); (W.-G.W.)
| | - Wen-Guey Wu
- College of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-C.M.); (W.-G.W.)
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Oliveira AL, Viegas MF, da Silva SL, Soares AM, Ramos MJ, Fernandes PA. The chemistry of snake venom and its medicinal potential. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:451-469. [PMID: 35702592 PMCID: PMC9185726 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The fascination and fear of snakes dates back to time immemorial, with the first scientific treatise on snakebite envenoming, the Brooklyn Medical Papyrus, dating from ancient Egypt. Owing to their lethality, snakes have often been associated with images of perfidy, treachery and death. However, snakes did not always have such negative connotations. The curative capacity of venom has been known since antiquity, also making the snake a symbol of pharmacy and medicine. Today, there is renewed interest in pursuing snake-venom-based therapies. This Review focuses on the chemistry of snake venom and the potential for venom to be exploited for medicinal purposes in the development of drugs. The mixture of toxins that constitute snake venom is examined, focusing on the molecular structure, chemical reactivity and target recognition of the most bioactive toxins, from which bioactive drugs might be developed. The design and working mechanisms of snake-venom-derived drugs are illustrated, and the strategies by which toxins are transformed into therapeutics are analysed. Finally, the challenges in realizing the immense curative potential of snake venom are discussed, and chemical strategies by which a plethora of new drugs could be derived from snake venom are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Matilde F. Viegas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Saulo L. da Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreimar M. Soares
- Biotechnology Laboratory for Proteins and Bioactive Compounds from the Western Amazon, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, National Institute of Epidemiology in the Western Amazon (INCT-EpiAmO), Porto Velho, Brazil
- Sao Lucas Universitary Center (UniSL), Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Maria J. Ramos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/Requimte, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Vanuopadath M, Raveendran D, Nair BG, Nair SS. Venomics and antivenomics of Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) from the Western Ghats. Acta Trop 2022; 228:106324. [PMID: 35093326 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Venom proteome profiling of Naja naja from the Western Ghats region in Kerala was achieved through SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC followed by Q-TOF LC-MS/MS analysis, incorporating PEAKS and Novor assisted de novo sequencing methodologies. A total of 115 proteins distributed across 17 different enzymatic and non-enzymatic venom protein families were identified through conventional and 39 peptides through homology-driven proteomics approaches. Fourteen peptides derived through de novo complements the Mascot data indicating the importance of homology-driven approaches in improving protein sequence information. Among the protein families identified, glutathione peroxidase and endonuclease were reported for the first time in the Indian cobra venom. Immunological cross-reactivity assessed using Indian polyvalent antivenoms suggested that VINS showed better EC50 (2.48 µg/mL) value than that of PSAV (6.04 µg/mL) and Virchow (6.03 µg/mL) antivenoms. Western blotting experiments indicated that all the antivenoms elicited poor binding specificities, especially towards low molecular mass proteins. Second-generation antivenomics studies revealed that VINS antivenom was less efficient to detect many low molecular mass proteins such as three-finger toxins and Kunitz-type serine protease Inhibitors. Taken together, the present study enabled a large-scale characterization of the venom proteome of Naja naja from the Western Ghats and emphasized the need for developing more efficient antivenoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dileepkumar Raveendran
- Indriyam Biologics Pvt. Ltd., SCTIMST-TIMed, BMT Wing-Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala, India
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20
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Dias ÊR, de Oliveira LA, Sales Lauria PS, Bordon KDCF, Rodrigues Domênico AM, da Silva Guerreiro ML, Wiezel GA, Cardoso IA, Rossini BC, Marino CL, Pimenta DC, Arantes EC, Casais-e-Silva LL, Branco A, dos Santos LD, Biondi I. Bothrops leucurus snake venom protein profile, isolation and biological characterization of its major toxin PLA2s-likeds. Toxicon 2022; 213:27-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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OUP accepted manuscript. Mol Hum Reprod 2022; 28:6583214. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Vasconcelos AA, Estrada JC, David V, Wermelinger LS, Almeida FCL, Zingali RB. Structure-Function Relationship of the Disintegrin Family: Sequence Signature and Integrin Interaction. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:783301. [PMID: 34926583 PMCID: PMC8678471 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.783301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disintegrins are small cysteine-rich proteins found in a variety of snake venom. These proteins selectively modulate integrin function, heterodimeric receptors involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction that are widely studied as therapeutic targets. Snake venom disintegrins emerged from the snake venom metalloproteinase and are classified according to the sequence size and number of disulfide bonds. Evolutive structure and function diversification of disintegrin family involves a stepwise decrease in the polypeptide chain, loss of cysteine residues, and selectivity. Since the structure elucidation of echistatin, the description of the structural properties of disintegrins has allowed the investigation of the mechanisms involved in integrin-cell-extracellular matrix interaction. This review provides an analysis of the structures of all family groups enabling the description of an expanded classification of the disintegrin family in seven groups. Each group presents a particular disulfide pattern and sequence signatures, facilitating the identification of new disintegrins. The classification was based on the disintegrin-like domain of the human metalloproteinase (ADAM-10). We also present the sequence and structural signatures important for disintegrin-integrin interaction, unveiling the relationship between the structure and function of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica (IBqM) Leopoldo de Meis, Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (CNRMN), Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge C Estrada
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica (IBqM) Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor David
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica (IBqM) Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana S Wermelinger
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio C L Almeida
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica (IBqM) Leopoldo de Meis, Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (CNRMN), Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Russolina B Zingali
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica (IBqM) Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Baudou FG, Rodriguez JP, Fusco L, de Roodt AR, De Marzi MC, Leiva L. South American snake venoms with abundant neurotoxic components. Composition and toxicological properties. A literature review. Acta Trop 2021; 224:106119. [PMID: 34481791 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In South America there are three snake genera with predominantly neurotoxic venoms: Crotalus, Micrurus and Hydrophis, which include nine species/subspecies, 97 species and a single marine species, respectively. Although accidents with neurotoxic venoms are less frequent than those with anticoagulant, cytotoxic or necrotic venoms (e.g. from Bothrops), they are of major public health importance. Venoms from genus Crotalus have been extensively studied, while data on the venoms from the other two genera are very limited, especially for Hydrophis. The venoms of North and South American Crotalus species show biochemical and physiopathological differences. The former species cause bothrops-like envenomation symptoms, while the latter mainly have neurotoxic and myotoxic effects, leading to respiratory paralysis and, occasionally, renal failure by myoglobinuria and death, often with no local lesions. Micrurus and Hydrophis also cause neurotoxic envenomations. Many studies have isolated, identified and characterized new enzymes and toxins, thus expanding the knowledge of snake venom composition. The present review summarizes the currently available information on neurotoxic venoms from South American snakes, with a focus on protein composition and toxicological properties. It also includes some comments concerning potential medical applications of elapid and crotalic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico G Baudou
- Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), Depto. de Ciencias Básicas, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), UNLu-CONICET, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan P Rodriguez
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de la Facultad de Medicina (LIBIM), Instituto de Química Básica y Aplicada del Nordeste Argentino (IQUIBA-NEA), Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNNE-CONICET), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Luciano Fusco
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA (UNNE, CONICET), FaCENA, (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Adolfo R de Roodt
- Área Investigación y Desarrollo-Venenos, Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos, Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, Argentina; Primera Cátedra de Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Toxinopatología, Centro de Patología Experimental y Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio C De Marzi
- Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), Depto. de Ciencias Básicas, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), UNLu-CONICET, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Leiva
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Proteínas (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA (UNNE, CONICET), FaCENA, (UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
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Chérifi F, Laraba-Djebari F. Bioactive Molecules Derived from Snake Venoms with Therapeutic Potential for the Treatment of Thrombo-Cardiovascular Disorders Associated with COVID-19. Protein J 2021; 40:799-841. [PMID: 34499333 PMCID: PMC8427918 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-10019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As expected, several new variants of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and have been detected around the world throughout this Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, there is no specific developed drug against COVID-19 and the challenge of developing effective antiviral strategies based on natural agents with different mechanisms of action becomes an urgent need and requires identification of genetic differences among variants. Such data is used to improve therapeutics to combat SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nature is known to offer many biotherapeutics from animal venoms, algae and plant that have been historically used in traditional medicine. Among these bioresources, snake venom displays many bioactivities of interest such as antiviral, antiplatelet, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antitumoral. COVID-19 is a viral respiratory sickness due to SARS-CoV-2 which induces thrombotic disorders due to cytokine storm, platelet hyperactivation and endothelial dysfunction. This review aims to: (1) present an overview on the infection, the developed thrombo-inflammatory responses and mechanisms of induced thrombosis of COVID-19 compared to other similar pathogenesis; (2) underline the role of natural compounds such as anticoagulant, antiplatelet and thrombolytic agents; (3) investigate the management of coagulopathy related to COVID-19 and provide insight on therapeutic such as venom compounds. We also summarize the updated advances on antiviral proteins and peptides derived from snake venoms that could weaken coagulopathy characterizing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatah Chérifi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, USTHB, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, USTHB, BP 32, El-Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
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Shen C, Liu M, Mackeigan DT, Chen ZY, Chen P, Karakas D, Li J, Norris PAA, Li J, Deng Y, Long C, Lai R, Ni H. Viper venoms drive the macrophages and hepatocytes to sequester and clear platelets: novel mechanism and therapeutic strategy for venom-induced thrombocytopenia. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3589-3599. [PMID: 34519865 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Venomous snakebites cause clinical manifestations that range from local to systemic and are considered a significant global health challenge. Persistent or refractory thrombocytopenia has been frequently reported in snakebite patients, especially in cases caused by viperidae snakes. Viper envenomation-induced thrombocytopenia may persist in the absence of significant consumption coagulopathy even after the antivenom treatment, yet the mechanism remains largely unknown. Our study aims to investigate the mechanism and discover novel therapeutic targets for coagulopathy-independent thrombocytopenia caused by viper envenomation. Here we found that patients bitten by Protobothrops mucrosquamatus and Trimeresurus stejnegeri, rather than Naja. atra may develop antivenom-resistant and coagulopathy-independent thrombocytopenia. Crude venoms and the derived C-type lectin-like proteins from these vipers significantly increased platelet surface expression of neuraminidase and platelet desialylation, therefore led to platelet ingestion by both macrophages and hepatocytes in vitro, and drastically decreased peripheral platelet counts in vivo. Our study is the first to demonstrate that desialylation-mediated platelet clearance is a novel mechanism of viper envenomation-induced refractory thrombocytopenia and C-type lectin-like proteins derived from the viper venoms contribute to snake venom-induced thrombocytopenia. The results of this study suggest the inhibition of platelet desialylation as a novel therapeutic strategy against viper venom-induced refractory thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China
| | - Daniel Thomas Mackeigan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Zi Yan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Pingguo Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Danielle Karakas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - June Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Peter A A Norris
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Jiayao Li
- Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Wuzhou City, Wuzhou, 543002, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanling Deng
- Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Wuzhou City, Wuzhou, 543002, Guangxi, China
| | - Chengbo Long
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
| | - Heyu Ni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, and Toronto Platelet Immunobiology Group, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M1, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, University of TorontoCanadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation, St. Michael's Hospital, Room 421, LKSKI - Keenan Research Centre, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
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Dashevsky D, Rodriguez J. A Short Review of the Venoms and Toxins of Spider Wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110744. [PMID: 34822528 PMCID: PMC8622703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitoid wasps represent the plurality of venomous animals, but have received extremely little research in proportion to this taxonomic diversity. The lion’s share of investigation into insect venoms has focused on eusocial hymenopterans, but even this small sampling shows great promise for the development of new active substances. The family Pompilidae is known as the spider wasps because of their reproductive habits which include hunting for spiders, delivering a paralyzing sting, and entombing them in burrows with one of the wasp’s eggs to serve as food for the developing larva. The largest members of this family, especially the tarantula hawks of the genus Pepsis, have attained notoriety for their large size, dramatic coloration, long-term paralysis of their prey, and incredibly painful defensive stings. In this paper we review the existing research regarding the composition and function of pompilid venoms, discuss parallels from other venom literatures, identify possible avenues for the adaptation of pompilid toxins towards human purposes, and future directions of inquiry for the field.
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V V, Achar RR, M.U H, N A, T YS, Kameshwar VH, Byrappa K, Ramadas D. Venom peptides - A comprehensive translational perspective in pain management. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:329-340. [PMID: 34604795 PMCID: PMC8473576 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Venom peptides have been evolving complex therapeutic interventions that potently and selectively modulate a range of targets such as ion channels, receptors, and signaling pathways of physiological processes making it potential therapeutic. Several venom peptides were deduced in vivo for clinical development targeting pain management, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, antimicrobial activity. Several contributions have been detailed for a clear perspective for a better understanding of venomous animals, their venom, and their pharmacological effects. Here we unravel and summarize the recent advances in wide venom peptides across varieties of species for their therapeutics prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya V
- K. S Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be) University, Mangalore 575015, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Ram Achar
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, S.S. Nagar, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Himathi M.U
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, S.S. Nagar, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshita N
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, S.S. Nagar, Mysuru 570 015, Karnataka, India
| | - Yogish Somayaji T
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Biochemistry, St. Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangalore 575003, Karnataka, India
| | - Vivek Hamse Kameshwar
- School of Natural Science, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara-571448, Nangamangala, Mandya, India
- School of Natural Sciences, ACU-CRI, Adichunchanagiri University, BGSIT Campus, B.G. Nagara-571448, Nagamangala, Mandya, India
| | - K. Byrappa
- School of Natural Sciences, ACU-CRI, Adichunchanagiri University, BGSIT Campus, B.G. Nagara-571448, Nagamangala, Mandya, India
- Center for Material Science and Technology, Vijnana Bhavan, University of Mysore, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesha Ramadas
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, AIMS, Adichunchanagiri University, B.G. Nagara-571448, Nagamangala, Mandya, India
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Larréché S, Chippaux JP, Chevillard L, Mathé S, Résière D, Siguret V, Mégarbane B. Bleeding and Thrombosis: Insights into Pathophysiology of Bothrops Venom-Related Hemostasis Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179643. [PMID: 34502548 PMCID: PMC8431793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxins from Bothrops venoms targeting hemostasis are responsible for a broad range of clinical and biological syndromes including local and systemic bleeding, incoagulability, thrombotic microangiopathy and macrothrombosis. Beyond hemostais disorders, toxins are also involved in the pathogenesis of edema and in most complications such as hypovolemia, cardiovascular collapse, acute kidney injury, myonecrosis, compartmental syndrome and superinfection. These toxins can be classified as enzymatic proteins (snake venom metalloproteinases, snake venom serine proteases, phospholipases A2 and L-amino acid oxidases) and non-enzymatic proteins (desintegrins and C-type lectin proteins). Bleeding is due to a multifocal toxicity targeting vessels, platelets and coagulation factors. Vessel damage due to the degradation of basement membrane and the subsequent disruption of endothelial cell integrity under hydrostatic pressure and tangential shear stress is primarily responsible for bleeding. Hemorrhage is promoted by thrombocytopenia, platelet hypoaggregation, consumption coagulopathy and fibrin(ogen)olysis. Onset of thrombotic microangiopathy is probably due to the switch of endothelium to a prothrombotic phenotype with overexpression of tissue factor and other pro-aggregating biomarkers in association with activation of platelets and coagulation. Thrombosis involving large-caliber vessels in B. lanceolatus envenomation remains a unique entity, which exact pathophysiology remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Larréché
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Chippaux
- MERIT, IRD, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France;
- CRT, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Chevillard
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Simon Mathé
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Dabor Résière
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Critical Care Department, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort de France, 97200 Martinique, France;
| | - Virginie Siguret
- INSERM, UMRS-1140, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France;
- Laboratory of Hematology, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-143-985-299
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Cañas CA, Castro-Herrera F, Castaño-Valencia S. Clinical syndromes associated with Viperidae family snake envenomation in southwestern Colombia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:51-56. [PMID: 32879965 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In southwestern Colombia there is a notable variety of snakes that belong to the Viperidae family (vipers). The particular clinical manifestation related to species is poorly reported. METHODS Based on a prospective study about envenomation caused by vipers from 2011 to 2019 at the Fundación Valle del Lili Hospital, Cali, in southwest Colombia, we selected cases of admitted patients in which the snakes responsible were fully identified. They were cataloged by clinical syndrome according to prevalent signs (edema-inducing, necrotizing, blister-inducing, procoagulant, anticoagulant or myotoxic) and were related to the species that caused the envenomation. RESULTS From a cohort of 53 patients, 21 patients (16 males [72.7%]) with an average age of 35 (3-69) y were included. The syndromes associated with envenomation were anticoagulant and necrotizing effects of Bothrops asper (five patients [22.7%]), blister-inducing and anticoagulant effects of Bothrops rhombeatus (five [22.7%]), anticoagulant effects of Bothrops punctatus (three patients [13.6%]), edema-inducing and anticoagulant effects of Bothriechis schlegelii (five [22.7%]), edema-inducing and myotoxic effects of Bothrocophias colombianus (one [4.5%]), edema-inducing and myotoxic effects of Bothrocophias myersi (one [4.5%]) and edema-inducing effects of Porthidium nasutum (one [4.5%]). CONCLUSION In southwestern Colombia there is notable variety in species of snakes belonging to the family Viperidae (vipers) whose envenomation causes various clinical syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Cañas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fundación Valle del Lili, Universidad Icesi, Cali 760032, Colombia
| | - Fernando Castro-Herrera
- Department of Physiological Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760032, Colombia
| | - Santiago Castaño-Valencia
- Department of Physiological Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760032, Colombia
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30
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Kostick N, O'Loughlin K. The Natural History of a Pygmy Rattlesnake Bite. J Emerg Med 2021; 61:e93-e95. [PMID: 34175189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Kostick
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida.
| | - Kevin O'Loughlin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Orlando Veterans Affairs Hospital, Orlando, Florida
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Snake Venom Components: Tools and Cures to Target Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082223. [PMID: 33921462 PMCID: PMC8070158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered as a major cause of death worldwide. Therefore, identifying and developing therapeutic strategies to treat and reduce the prevalence of CVDs is a major medical challenge. Several drugs used for the treatment of CVDs, such as captopril, emerged from natural products, namely snake venoms. These venoms are complex mixtures of bioactive molecules, which, among other physiological networks, target the cardiovascular system, leading to them being considered in the development and design of new drugs. In this review, we describe some snake venom molecules targeting the cardiovascular system such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2), natriuretic peptides (NPs), bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), disintegrins, fibrinolytic enzymes, and three-finger toxins (3FTXs). In addition, their molecular targets, and mechanisms of action—vasorelaxation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, cardioprotective activities—are discussed. The dissection of their biological effects at the molecular scale give insights for the development of future snake venom-derived drugs.
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Zaman KAU, Park JH, DeVine L, Hu Z, Wu X, Kim HS, Cao S. Secondary Metabolites from the Leather Coral-Derived Fungal Strain Xylaria sp. FM1005 and Their Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitory Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:466-473. [PMID: 33491454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Five new tyrosine derivatives (1-5), one new phenylacetic acid derivative (6), two new quinazolinone analogues (7 and 8), one new naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (9), and one new 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin derivative (10), together with seven known compounds, were isolated from the fungus Xylaria sp. FM1005, which was isolated from Sinularia densa (leather coral) collected in the offshore region of the Big Island, Hawaii. The structures of compounds 1-10 were elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, and ECD data. Due to their structure similarity to the antiplatelet drug tirofiban, compounds 1-5 together with 6 were investigated for their antithrombotic activities. Compounds 1 and 2 strongly inhibited the binding of fibrinogen to purified integrin IIIb/IIa in a dose-dependent manner with the IC50 values of 0.89 and 0.61 μM, respectively, and compounds 1 and 2 did not show any cytotoxicity against A2780 and HEK 293 at 40 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kh Ahammad Uz Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Lela DeVine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Zhenquan Hu
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230052, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, United States
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Di Nicola MR, Pontara A, Kass GEN, Kramer NI, Avella I, Pampena R, Mercuri SR, Dorne JLCM, Paolino G. Vipers of Major clinical relevance in Europe: Taxonomy, venom composition, toxicology and clinical management of human bites. Toxicology 2021; 453:152724. [PMID: 33610611 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Snakebites in Europe are mostly due to bites from Viperidae species of the genus Vipera. This represents a neglected public health hazard with poorly defined incidence, morbidity and mortality. In Europe, fourteen species of "true vipers" (subfamily Viperinae) are present, eleven of which belong to the genus Vipera. Amongst these, the main medically relevant species due to their greater diffusion across Europe and the highest number of registered snakebites are six, namely: Vipera ammodytes, V. aspis, V. berus, V. latastei, V. seoanei and V. ursinii. Generally speaking, viper venom composition is characterised by many different toxin families, like phospholipases A2, snake venom serine proteases, snake venom metalloproteases, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, C-type lectins, disintegrins, haemorrhagic factors and coagulation inhibitors. A suspected snakebite is often associated with severe pain, erythema, oedema and, subsequently, the onset of an ecchymotic area around one or two visible fang marks. In the field, the affected limb should be immobilised and mildly compressed with a bandage, which can then be removed once the patient is being treated in hospital. The clinician should advise the patient to remain calm to reduce blood circulation and, therefore, decrease the spread of the toxins. In the case of pain, an analgesic therapy can be administered, the affected area can be treated with hydrogen peroxide or clean water. However, anti-inflammatory drugs and disinfection with alcohol or alcoholic substances should be avoided. For each patient, clinical chemistry and ECG are always a pre-requisite as well as the evaluation of the tetanus immunisation status and for which immunisation may be provided if needed. The treatment of any clinical complication, due to the envenomation, does not differ from treatments of emergency nature. Antivenom is recommended when signs of systemic envenomation exist or in case of advanced local or systemic progressive symptoms. Recommendations for future work concludes. The aim of this review is to support clinicians for the clinical management of viper envenomation, through taxonomic keys for main species identification, description of venom composition and mode of action of known toxins and provide a standardised clinical protocol and antivenom administration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Pontara
- Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - George E N Kass
- European Food Safety Authority, Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks unit, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Nynke I Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ignazio Avella
- CIBIO/InBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da Universidade do Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; Evolutionary and Translational Venomics Laboratory, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia - CSIC, Calle Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Riccardo Pampena
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Jean Lou C M Dorne
- European Food Safety Authority, Scientific Committee and Emerging Risks unit, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Structural Insight into Integrin Recognition and Anticancer Activity of Echistatin. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110709. [PMID: 33182321 PMCID: PMC7695343 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Echistatin (Ech) is a short disintegrin with a long 42NPHKGPAT C-terminal tail. We determined the 3-D structure of Ech by X-ray crystallography. Superimposition of the structures of chains A and B showed conformational differences in their RGD loops and C-termini. The chain A structure is consistent with our NMR analysis that the GPAT residues of the C-terminus cannot be observed due to high flexibility. The hydrogen bond patterns of the RGD loop and between the RGD loop and C-terminus in Ech were the same as those of the corresponding residues in medium disintegrins. The mutant with C-terminal HKGPAT truncation caused 6.4-, 7.0-, 11.7-, and 18.6-fold decreases in inhibiting integrins αvβ3, αIIbβ3, αvβ5, and α5β1. Mutagenesis of the C-terminus showed that the H44A mutant caused 2.5- and 4.4-fold increases in inhibiting αIIbβ3 and α5β1, and the K45A mutant caused a 2.6-fold decrease in inhibiting αIIbβ3. We found that Ech inhibited VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation with an IC50 value of 103.2 nM and inhibited the migration of A375, U373MG, and Panc-1 tumor cells with IC50 values of 1.5, 5.7, and 154.5 nM. These findings suggest that Ech is a potential anticancer agent, and its C-terminal region can be optimized to improve its anticancer activity.
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Snake Venoms in Drug Discovery: Valuable Therapeutic Tools for Life Saving. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100564. [PMID: 31557973 PMCID: PMC6832721 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms are used as defense mechanisms or to immobilize and digest prey. In fact, venoms are complex mixtures of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components with specific pathophysiological functions. Peptide toxins isolated from animal venoms target mainly ion channels, membrane receptors and components of the hemostatic system with high selectivity and affinity. The present review shows an up-to-date survey on the pharmacology of snake-venom bioactive components and evaluates their therapeutic perspectives against a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. Snake venoms have also been used as medical tools for thousands of years especially in tradition Chinese medicine. Consequently, snake venoms can be considered as mini-drug libraries in which each drug is pharmacologically active. However, less than 0.01% of these toxins have been identified and characterized. For instance, Captopril® (Enalapril), Integrilin® (Eptifibatide) and Aggrastat® (Tirofiban) are drugs based on snake venoms, which have been approved by the FDA. In addition to these approved drugs, many other snake venom components are now involved in preclinical or clinical trials for a variety of therapeutic applications. These examples show that snake venoms can be a valuable source of new principle components in drug discovery.
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Abstract
Abstract
An increasing problem in the field of health protection is the emergence of drug-resistant and multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains. They cause a number of infections, including hospital infections, which currently available antibiotics are unable to fight. Therefore, many studies are devoted to the search for new therapeutic agents with bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties. One of the latest concepts is to search for this type of substances among toxins produced by venomous animals. In this approach, however, special attention is paid to snake venom because it contains molecules with antibacterial properties. Thorough investigations have shown that the phospholipases A2 (PLA2) and l-amino acids oxidases (LAAO), as well as fragments of these enzymes, are mainly responsible for the bactericidal properties of snake venoms. Some preliminary research studies also suggest that fragments of three-finger toxins (3FTx) are bactericidal. It has also been proven that some snakes produce antibacterial peptides (AMP) homologous to human defensins and cathelicidins. The presence of these proteins and peptides means that snake venoms continue to be an interesting material for researchers and can be perceived as a promising source of antibacterial agents.
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