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Guan J, Tang L, Wang Y, Fu M, Xia T, Zheng K, Sabi MM, Cong H, Wang J, Zhou C, Zhou H, Weiss LM, Qu H, Han B. Microsporidian EnP1 alters host cell H2B monoubiquitination and prevents ferroptosis facilitating microsporidia survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400657121. [PMID: 39141344 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400657121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia are intracellular eukaryotic pathogens that pose a substantial threat to immunocompromised hosts. The way these pathogens manipulate host cells during infection remains poorly understood. Using a proximity biotinylation strategy we established that microsporidian EnP1 is a nucleus-targeted effector that modifies the host cell environment. EnP1's translocation to the host nucleus is meditated by nuclear localization signals (NLSs). In the nucleus, EnP1 interacts with host histone H2B. This interaction disrupts H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub), subsequently impacting p53 expression. Crucially, this inhibition of p53 weakens its control over the downstream target gene SLC7A11, enhancing the host cell's resilience against ferroptosis during microsporidian infection. This favorable condition promotes the proliferation of microsporidia within the host cell. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which microsporidia modify their host cells to facilitate their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Guan
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Liyuan Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yongliang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Musa Makongoro Sabi
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hua Cong
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chunxue Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461
| | - Hongnan Qu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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2
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Clayton N, Pellei D, Lin Z. Histone acetylation, BET proteins, and periodontal inflammation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:180-189. [PMID: 37801007 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common inflammatory diseases in humans. The susceptibility to periodontitis is largely determined by the host response, and the severity of inflammation predicts disease progression. Upon microbial insults, host cells undergo massive changes in their transcription program to trigger an appropriate response (inflammation). It is not surprising that successful keystone pathogens have developed specific mechanisms to manipulate the gene expression network in host cells. Emerging data has indicated that epigenetic regulation plays a significant role in inflammation. Acetylation of lysine residues on histones is a major epigenetic modification of chromatin, highly associated with the accessibility of chromatin and activation of transcription. Specific histone acetylation patterns are observed in inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. Bromo- and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins recognize acetylated histones and then recruit transcription factors and transcription elongation complexes to chromatin. BET proteins are regulated in inflammatory diseases and small molecules blocking the function of BET proteins are promising "epi-drugs" for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Clayton
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - David Pellei
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhao Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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3
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Odunitan TT, Apanisile BT, Akinboade MW, Abdulazeez WO, Oyaronbi AO, Ajayi TM, Oyekola SA, Ibrahim NO, Tawakalitu N, Afolabi HO, Olayiwola DM, David OT, Adeyemo SF, Ayodeji OD, Akinade EM, Saibu OA. Microbial Mysteries: Staphylococcus aureus and the Enigma of Carcinogenesis. Microb Pathog 2024; 194:106831. [PMID: 39089512 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a common human pathogen, has long been the focus of scientific investigation due to its association with various infections. However, recent research has unveiled a tantalizing enigma surrounding this bacterium and its potential involvement in carcinogenesis. Chronic S. aureus infections have been linked to an elevated risk of certain cancers, including skin cancer and oral cancer. This review explores the current state of knowledge regarding this connection, examining epidemiological evidence, pathogenic mechanisms, and biological interactions that suggest a correlation. Although initial studies point to a possible link, the precise mechanisms through which S. aureus may contribute to cancer development remain elusive. Emerging evidence suggests that the chronic inflammation induced by persistent S. aureus infections may create a tumor-promoting environment. This inflammation can lead to DNA damage, disrupt cellular signaling pathways, and generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment conducive to cancer progression. Additionally, S. aureus produces a variety of toxins and metabolites that can directly interact with host cells, potentially inducing oncogenic transformations. Despite these insights, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the exact biological processes involved. This review emphasizes the urgent need for more comprehensive research to clarify these microbiological mysteries. Understanding the role of S. aureus in cancer development could lead to novel strategies for cancer prevention and treatment, potentially transforming therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tope T Odunitan
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Boluwatife T Apanisile
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Modinat W Akinboade
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Waliu O Abdulazeez
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Adegboye O Oyaronbi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope M Ajayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel A Oyekola
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Najahtulahi O Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Nafiu Tawakalitu
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Hezekiah O Afolabi
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Dolapo M Olayiwola
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oladunni T David
- Microbiology Unit, Helix Biogen Institute, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen F Adeyemo
- Department of Microbiology, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatobi D Ayodeji
- Department of Nursing, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Esther M Akinade
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A Saibu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, USA
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4
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Lu D, Chen J, Zhang M, Fu Y, Raheem A, Chen Y, Chen X, Hu C, Chen J, Schieck E, Zhao G, Guo A. Identification of potential nucleomodulins of Mycoplasma bovis by direct biotinylation and proximity-based biotinylation approaches. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1421585. [PMID: 39044956 PMCID: PMC11263210 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1421585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a significant bovine pathogen associated with various diseases, including bovine bronchopneumonia and mastitis resulting in substantial economic losses within the livestock industry. However, the development of effective control measures for M. bovis is hindered by a limited understanding of its virulence factors and pathogenesis. Nucleomodulins are newly identified secreted proteins of bacteria that internalize the host nuclei to regulate host cell gene expression and serve as critical virulence factors. Although recent reports have initiated exploration of mycoplasma nucleomodulins, the efficiency of conventional techniques for identification is very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to establish high-throughput methods to identify novel nucleomodulins of M. bovis. Using a direct biotinylation (DB) approach, a total of 289 proteins were identified including 66 high abundant proteins. In parallel, the use of proximity-based biotinylation (PBB), identified 28 proteins. Finally, seven nucleomodulins were verified to be nuclear by transfecting the bovine macrophage cell line BoMac with the plasmids encoding EGFP-fused proteins and observed with Opera Phenix, including the known nucleomodulin MbovP475 and six novel nucleomodulins. The novel nucleomodulins were four ribosomal proteins (MbovP599, MbovP678, MbovP710, and MbovP712), one transposase (MbovP790), and one conserved hypothetical protein (MbovP513). Among them, one unique nucleomodulin MbovP475 was identified with DB, two unique nucleomodulins (MbovP513 and MbovP710) with PBB, and four nucleomodulins by both. Overall, these findings established a foundation for further research on M. bovis nucleomodulin-host interactions for identification of new virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doukun Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiongxi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Menghan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingjie Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abdul Raheem
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Elise Schieck
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Chevalier C, Chica C, Matheau J, Pain A, Connor MG, Hamon MA. Epithelial cells maintain memory of prior infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae through di-methylation of histone H3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5545. [PMID: 38956024 PMCID: PMC11219877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells are the first point of contact for bacteria entering the respiratory tract. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an obligate human pathobiont of the nasal mucosa, carried asymptomatically but also the cause of severe pneumoniae. The role of the epithelium in maintaining homeostatic interactions or mounting an inflammatory response to invasive S. pneumoniae is currently poorly understood. However, studies have shown that chromatin modifications, at the histone level, induced by bacterial pathogens interfere with the host transcriptional program and promote infection. Here, we uncover a histone modification induced by S. pneumoniae infection maintained for at least 9 days upon clearance of bacteria with antibiotics. Di-methylation of histone H3 on lysine 4 (H3K4me2) is induced in an active manner by bacterial attachment to host cells. We show that infection establishes a unique epigenetic program affecting the transcriptional response of epithelial cells, rendering them more permissive upon secondary infection. Our results establish H3K4me2 as a unique modification induced by infection, distinct from H3K4me3 or me1, which localizes to enhancer regions genome-wide. Therefore, this study reveals evidence that bacterial infection leaves a memory in epithelial cells after bacterial clearance, in an epigenomic mark, thereby altering cellular responses to subsequent infections and promoting infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chevalier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Chromatin and Infection Laboratory, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Chica
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Justine Matheau
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Chromatin and Infection Laboratory, F-75015, Paris, France
- Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité doctoral school, Department of Infectiology Microbiology, Université Paris Cité, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Pain
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Michael G Connor
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Chromatin and Infection Laboratory, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Melanie A Hamon
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Chromatin and Infection Laboratory, F-75015, Paris, France.
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6
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Raheem A, Lu D, Khalid AK, Zhao G, Fu Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Hu C, Chen J, Chen H, Guo A. The Identification of a Novel Nucleomodulin MbovP467 of Mycoplasmopsis bovis and Its Potential Contribution in Pathogenesis. Cells 2024; 13:604. [PMID: 38607043 PMCID: PMC11011252 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmopsis bovis is a causative agent of crucial diseases in both dairy and beef cattle leading to substantial economic losses. However, limited control measures for M. bovis-related diseases exist due to a lack of understanding about the virulence factors of this pathogen, a common challenge in mycoplasma research. Consequently, this study aimed to characterize a novel nucleomodulin as a virulence-related factor of M. bovis. Employing bioinformatic tools, we initially predicted MbovP467 to be a secreted protein with a nuclear localization signal based on SignalP scores and the cNLS (Nuclear Localization Signal) Mapper, respectively. Subsequently, the MbovP467 gene was synthesized and cloned into a pEGFP plasmid with EGFP labeling to obtain a recombinant plasmid (rpEGFP-MbovP467) and then was also cloned in pET-30a with a consideration for an Escherichia coli codon bias and expressed and purified for the production of polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant MbovP467 protein. Confocal microscopy and a Western blotting assay confirmed the nuclear location of MbovP467 in bovine macrophages (BoMacs). RNA-seq data revealed 220 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated genes in the rpEGFP-MbovP467-treated BoMac group compared to the control group (pEGFP). A GO- and KEGG-enrichment analysis identified associations with inflammatory responses, G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways, nuclear receptor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, the regulation of cell proliferation, IL-8, apoptotic processes, cell growth and death, the TNF signaling pathway, the NF-κB signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, and protein families of signaling and cellular processes among the differentially expressed up-regulated mRNAs. Further experiments, investigating cell viability and the inflammatory response, demonstrated that MbovP467 reduces BoMac cell viability and induces the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and apoptosis in BoMac cells. Further, MbovP467 increased the promoter activity of TNF-α. In conclusion, this study identified a new nucleomodulin, MbovP467, for M. bovis, which might have an important role in M. bovis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Abdul Karim Khalid
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Western China, School of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Yingjie Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.R.); (D.L.); (A.K.K.); (Y.F.); (Y.C.); (X.C.); (C.H.); (J.C.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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7
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Barbachowska M, Arimondo PB. To target or not to target? The role of DNA and histone methylation in bacterial infections. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2242689. [PMID: 37731322 PMCID: PMC10515666 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2242689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics describes chemical modifications of the genome that do not alter DNA sequence but participate in the regulation of gene expression and cellular processes such as proliferation, division, and differentiation of eukaryotic cell. Disruption of the epigenome pattern in a human cell is associated with different diseases, including infectious diseases. During infection pathogens induce epigenetic modifications in the host cell. This can occur by controlling expression of genes involved in immune response. That enables bacterial survival and replication within the host and evasion of the immune response. Methylation is an example of epigenetic modification that occurs on DNA and histones. Reasoning that DNA and histone methylation of human host cells plays a crucial role during pathogenesis, these modifications are promising targets for the development of alternative treatment strategies in infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the role of DNA and histone methyltransferases in human host cell upon bacterial infections. We further hypothesize that compounds targeting methyltransferases are tools to study epigenetics in the context of host-pathogen interactions and can open new avenues for the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Barbachowska
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR n°3523 Chem4Life, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Paris, France
- Universite Paris Cité, Ecole Doctorale MTCI, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Pasteur- Paris University (PPU)- Oxford International Doctoral Program, Paris, France
| | - Paola B. Arimondo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR n°3523 Chem4Life, Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Paris, France
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8
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Rolando M, Wah Chung IY, Xu C, Gomez-Valero L, England P, Cygler M, Buchrieser C. The SET and ankyrin domains of the secreted Legionella pneumophila histone methyltransferase work together to modify host chromatin. mBio 2023; 14:e0165523. [PMID: 37795993 PMCID: PMC10653858 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01655-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular bacterium responsible of Legionnaires' disease, a severe pneumonia that is often fatal when not treated promptly. The pathogen's ability to efficiently colonize the host resides in its ability to replicate intracellularly. Essential for intracellular replication is translocation of many different protein effectors via a specialized secretion system. One of them, called RomA, binds and directly modifies the host chromatin at a unique site (tri-methylation of lysine 14 of histone H3 [H3K14me]). However, the molecular mechanisms of binding are not known. Here, we resolve this question through structural characterization of RomA together with the H3 peptide. We specifically reveal an active role of the ankyrin repeats located in its C-terminal in the interaction with the histone H3 tail. Indeed, without the ankyrin domains, RomA loses its ability to act as histone methyltransferase. These results discover the molecular mechanisms by which a bacterial histone methyltransferase that is conserved in L. pneumophila strains acts to modify chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rolando
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, Paris, France
| | - Ivy Yeuk Wah Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Caishuang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Laura Gomez-Valero
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, Paris, France
| | - Patrick England
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Plateforme de Biophysique Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Miroslaw Cygler
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, Paris, France
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9
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Schator D, Mondino S, Berthelet J, Di Silvestre C, Ben Assaya M, Rusniok C, Rodrigues-Lima F, Wehenkel A, Buchrieser C, Rolando M. Legionella para-effectors target chromatin and promote bacterial replication. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2154. [PMID: 37059817 PMCID: PMC10104843 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila replicates intracellularly by secreting effectors via a type IV secretion system. One of these effectors is a eukaryotic methyltransferase (RomA) that methylates K14 of histone H3 (H3K14me3) to counteract host immune responses. However, it is not known how L. pneumophila infection catalyses H3K14 methylation as this residue is usually acetylated. Here we show that L. pneumophila secretes a eukaryotic-like histone deacetylase (LphD) that specifically targets H3K14ac and works in synergy with RomA. Both effectors target host chromatin and bind the HBO1 histone acetyltransferase complex that acetylates H3K14. Full activity of RomA is dependent on the presence of LphD as H3K14 methylation levels are significantly decreased in a ∆lphD mutant. The dependency of these two chromatin-modifying effectors on each other is further substantiated by mutational and virulence assays revealing that the presence of only one of these two effectors impairs intracellular replication, while a double knockout (∆lphD∆romA) can restore intracellular replication. Uniquely, we present evidence for "para-effectors", an effector pair, that actively and coordinately modify host histones to hijack the host response. The identification of epigenetic marks modulated by pathogens has the potential to lead to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies to counteract bacterial infection and strengthening host defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schator
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, 75005, Paris, France
- Herbert Wertheim School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sonia Mondino
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Molecular & Structural Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Jérémy Berthelet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, UMR7126 Epigenetics and Cell Fate, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Di Silvestre
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Ben Assaya
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Rusniok
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Fernando Rodrigues-Lima
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Annemarie Wehenkel
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3528, Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Buchrieser
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Monica Rolando
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Biologie des Bactéries Intracellulaires, 75015, Paris, France.
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10
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Qiang L, Zhang Y, Lei Z, Lu Z, Tan S, Ge P, Chai Q, Zhao M, Zhang X, Li B, Pang Y, Zhang L, Liu CH, Wang J. A mycobacterial effector promotes ferroptosis-dependent pathogenicity and dissemination. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1430. [PMID: 36932056 PMCID: PMC10023711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a lipid peroxidation-driven and iron-dependent programmed cell death involved in multiple physical processes and various diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that several pathogens manipulate ferroptosis for their pathogenicity and dissemination, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identify that protein tyrosine phosphatase A (PtpA), an effector secreted by tuberculosis (TB)-causing pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), triggers ferroptosis to promote Mtb pathogenicity and dissemination. Mechanistically, PtpA, through its Cys11 site, interacts with host RanGDP to enter host cell nucleus. Then, the nuclear PtpA enhances asymmetric dimethylation of histone H3 arginine 2 (H3R2me2a) via targeting protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6), thus inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, eventually inducing ferroptosis to promote Mtb pathogenicity and dissemination. Taken together, our findings provide insights into molecular mechanisms of pathogen-induced ferroptosis, indicating a potential TB treatment via blocking Mtb PtpA-host PRMT6 interface to target GPX4-dependent ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Qiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zehui Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Shasha Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Pupu Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qiyao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Bingxi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 101149, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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11
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Wang L, Liang X, Chen H, Cao L, Liu L, Zhu F, Ding Y, Tang J, Xie Y. CDEMI: characterizing differences in microbial composition and function in microbiome data. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2502-2513. [PMID: 37090432 PMCID: PMC10113763 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities influence host phenotypes through microbiota-derived metabolites and interactions between exogenous active substances (EASs) and the microbiota. Owing to the high dynamics of microbial community composition and difficulty in microbial functional analysis, the identification of mechanistic links between individual microbes and host phenotypes is complex. Thus, it is important to characterize variations in microbial composition across various conditions (for example, topographical locations, times, physiological and pathological conditions, and populations of different ethnicities) in microbiome studies. However, no web server is currently available to facilitate such characterization. Moreover, accurately annotating the functions of microbes and investigating the possible factors that shape microbial function are critical for discovering links between microbes and host phenotypes. Herein, an online tool, CDEMI, is introduced to discover microbial composition variations across different conditions, and five types of microbe libraries are provided to comprehensively characterize the functionality of microbes from different perspectives. These collective microbe libraries include (1) microbial functional pathways, (2) disease associations with microbes, (3) EASs associations with microbes, (4) bioactive microbial metabolites, and (5) human body habitats. In summary, CDEMI is unique in that it can reveal microbial patterns in distributions/compositions across different conditions and facilitate biological interpretations based on diverse microbe libraries. CDEMI is accessible at http://rdblab.cn/cdemi/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lijie Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Corresponding author at: School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Youlong Xie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Corresponding authors.
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12
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Brucella effectors NyxA and NyxB target SENP3 to modulate the subcellular localisation of nucleolar proteins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:102. [PMID: 36609656 PMCID: PMC9823007 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell nucleus is a primary target for intracellular bacterial pathogens to counteract immune responses and hijack host signalling pathways to cause disease. Here we identify two Brucella abortus effectors, NyxA and NyxB, that interfere with host protease SENP3, and this facilitates intracellular replication of the pathogen. The translocated Nyx effectors directly interact with SENP3 via a defined acidic patch (identified from the crystal structure of NyxB), preventing nucleolar localisation of SENP3 at late stages of infection. By sequestering SENP3, the effectors promote cytoplasmic accumulation of nucleolar AAA-ATPase NVL and ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5) in effector-enriched structures in the vicinity of replicating bacteria. The shuttling of ribosomal biogenesis-associated nucleolar proteins is inhibited by SENP3 and requires the autophagy-initiation protein Beclin1 and the SUMO-E3 ligase PIAS3. Our results highlight a nucleomodulatory function of two Brucella effectors and reveal that SENP3 is a crucial regulator of the subcellular localisation of nucleolar proteins during Brucella infection, promoting intracellular replication of the pathogen.
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13
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Rana VS, Kitsou C, Dumler JS, Pal U. Immune evasion strategies of major tick-transmitted bacterial pathogens. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:62-75. [PMID: 36055896 PMCID: PMC9772108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tick-transmitted bacterial pathogens thrive in enzootic infection cycles, colonizing disparate vertebrate and arthropod tissues, often establishing persistent infections. Therefore, the evolution of robust immune evasion strategies is central to their successful persistence or transmission between hosts. To survive in nature, these pathogens must counteract a broad range of microbicidal host responses that can be localized, tissue-specific, or systemic, including a mix of these responses at the host-vector interface. Herein, we review microbial immune evasion strategies focusing on Lyme disease spirochetes and rickettsial or tularemia agents as models for extracellular and intracellular tick-borne pathogens, respectively. A better understanding of these adaptive strategies could enrich our knowledge of the infection biology of relevant tick-borne diseases, contributing to the development of future preventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Singh Rana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chrysoula Kitsou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J Stephen Dumler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Utpal Pal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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14
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Pourpre R, Lakisic G, Desgranges E, Cossart P, Pagliuso A, Bierne H. A bacterial virulence factor interacts with the splicing factor RBM5 and stimulates formation of nuclear RBM5 granules. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21961. [PMID: 36535993 PMCID: PMC9763339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L. monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a foodborne disease that is particularly dangerous for immunocompromised individuals and fetuses. Several virulence factors of this bacterial pathogen belong to a family of leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing proteins called internalins. Among these, InlP is known for its role in placental infection. We report here a function of InlP in mammalian cell nucleus organization. We demonstrate that bacteria do not produce InlP under in vitro culture conditions. When ectopically expressed in human cells, InlP translocates into the nucleus and changes the morphology of nuclear speckles, which are membrane-less organelles storing splicing factors. Using yeast two-hybrid screen, immunoprecipitation and pull-down experiments, we identify the tumor suppressor and splicing factor RBM5 as a major nuclear target of InlP. InlP inhibits RBM5-induced cell death and stimulate the formation of RBM5-induced nuclear granules, where the SC35 speckle protein redistributes. Taken together, these results suggest that InlP acts as a nucleomodulin controlling compartmentalization and function of RBM5 in the nucleus and that L. monocytogenes has developed a mechanism to target the host cell splicing machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Pourpre
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis Institute, EpiMic Lab, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech France
| | - Goran Lakisic
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis Institute, EpiMic Lab, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech France
| | - Emma Desgranges
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis Institute, EpiMic Lab, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- grid.428999.70000 0001 2353 6535Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Pagliuso
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis Institute, EpiMic Lab, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- grid.462293.80000 0004 0522 0627Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Micalis Institute, EpiMic Lab, Jouy-en-Josas, AgroParisTech France
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15
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Zhao G, Lu D, Wang S, Zhang H, Zhu X, Hao Z, Dawood A, Chen Y, Schieck E, Hu C, Chen X, Yang L, Guo A. Novel mycoplasma nucleomodulin MbovP475 decreased cell viability by regulating expression of CRYAB and MCF2L2. Virulence 2022; 13:1590-1613. [PMID: 36121023 PMCID: PMC9487752 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2117762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleomodulins are secreted bacterial proteins whose molecular targets are located in host cell nuclei. They are gaining attention as critical virulence factors that either modify the epigenetics of host cells or directly regulate host gene expression. Mycoplasma bovis is a major veterinary pathogen that secretes several potential virulence factors. The aim of this study was to determine whether any of their secreted proteins might function as nucleomodulins. After an initial in silico screening, the nuclear localization of the secreted putative lipoprotein MbovP475 of M. bovis was demonstrated in bovine macrophage cell line (BoMac) experimentally infected with M. bovis. Through combined application of ChIP-seq, Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, MbovP475 was determined to bind the promoter regions of the cell cycle central regulatory genes CRYAB and MCF2L2. MbovP475 has similar secondary structures with the transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). Screening of various mutants affecting the potential DNA binding sites indicated that the residues 242NI243 within MbovP475 loop region of the helix-loop-helix domain were essential to its DNA binding activity, thereby contributing to decrease in BoMac cell viability. In conclusion, this is the first report to confirm M. bovis secretes a conserved TALE-like nucleomodulin that binds the promoters of CRYAB and MCF2L2 genes, and subsequently down-regulates their expression and decreases BoMac cell viability. Therefore, this study offers a new understanding of mycoplasma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Doukun Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xifang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyu Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ali Dawood
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Ruminant Bio-products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elise Schieck
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Mahmud SA, Qureshi MA, Pellegrino MW. On the offense and defense: mitochondrial recovery programs amidst targeted pathogenic assault. FEBS J 2022; 289:7014-7037. [PMID: 34270874 PMCID: PMC9192128 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens employ a variety of tactics to persist in their host and promote infection. Pathogens often target host organelles in order to benefit their survival, either through manipulation or subversion of their function. Mitochondria are regularly targeted by bacterial pathogens owing to their diverse cellular roles, including energy production and regulation of programmed cell death. However, disruption of normal mitochondrial function during infection can be detrimental to cell viability because of their essential nature. In response, cells use multiple quality control programs to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction and promote recovery. In this review, we will provide an overview of mitochondrial recovery programs including mitochondrial dynamics, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt ), and mitophagy. We will then discuss the various approaches used by bacterial pathogens to target mitochondria, which result in mitochondrial dysfunction. Lastly, we will discuss how cells leverage mitochondrial recovery programs beyond their role in organelle repair, to promote host defense against pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraje A Mahmud
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Arlington, TX, USA
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17
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Tsujikawa R, Thapa J, Okubo T, Nakamura S, Zhang S, Furuta Y, Higashi H, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydia trachomatis L2/434/Bu Favors Hypoxia for its Growth in Human Lymphoid Jurkat Cells While Maintaining Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:265. [PMID: 35859064 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02961-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The role of lymphocytes as a cornerstone of the inflammatory response in the invasive pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) LGV (L1-3) infection is unclear. Therefore, we assessed whether the adaptation of CtL2 to immortal lymphoid Jurkat cells under hypoxic conditions occurred through proinflammatory cytokine profile modification. The quantities of inclusion-forming units with chlamydial 16S rDNA confirmed that CtL2 grew well under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions in the cells. Confocal microscopic imaging and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of bacterial progeny in the inclusions and showed that the inclusions were larger under hypoxic rather than normoxic conditions; this was supported by the results of 3D image construction. Furthermore, PCR-based analysis of proinflammatory cytokines revealed that the gene expression levels under hypoxic conditions were significantly higher than those under normoxic conditions. In particular, the expression of two genes (CXCL8 and CXCR3) was significantly diminished under normoxic conditions. Taken together, the results indicated that hypoxia promoted CtL2 growth in Jurkat cells while maintaining the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Thus, Ct LGV infection in lymphocytes under hypoxic conditions might be crucial to a complete understanding of the invasive pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoya Tsujikawa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, and Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Saicheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furuta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North-20, West-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kitaku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
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18
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Bullones-Bolaños A, Bernal-Bayard J, Ramos-Morales F. The NEL Family of Bacterial E3 Ubiquitin Ligases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7725. [PMID: 35887072 PMCID: PMC9320238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some pathogenic or symbiotic Gram-negative bacteria can manipulate the ubiquitination system of the eukaryotic host cell using a variety of strategies. Members of the genera Salmonella, Shigella, Sinorhizobium, and Ralstonia, among others, express E3 ubiquitin ligases that belong to the NEL family. These bacteria use type III secretion systems to translocate these proteins into host cells, where they will find their targets. In this review, we first introduce type III secretion systems and the ubiquitination process and consider the various ways bacteria use to alter the ubiquitin ligation machinery. We then focus on the members of the NEL family, their expression, translocation, and subcellular localization in the host cell, and we review what is known about the structure of these proteins, their function in virulence or symbiosis, and their specific targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Ramos-Morales
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; (A.B.-B.); (J.B.-B.)
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19
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Enhanced Synthesis of Foreign Nuclear Protein Stimulates Viral Reproduction via the Induction of γ-Thionin Expression. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121530. [PMID: 35736681 PMCID: PMC9229031 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plants are a promising platform for recombinant protein production. Here we propose a novel approach to increase the level of viral vector-mediated recombinant protein synthesis. This approach is based on the hypothesis that antiviral protection is weakened during the antibacterial cellular response. We suggested that introduced to the cell foreign nuclear localized proteins, including effectors such as bacterial nucleomodulins, can interfere with the import of cellular nuclear proteins and launch antibacterial defense reactions, creating favorable conditions for cytoplasmic virus reproduction. Here, we performed synthesis of an artificial nuclear protein—red fluorescent protein (mRFP) fused with a nuclear localization sequence (NLS)—in plant cells as a mimetic of a bacterial effector. Superproduction of mRFP:NLS induced Nicotiana benthamiana γ-thionin (NbγThio) mRNA accumulation. Both NLS-containing protein synthesis and increased NbγThio expression stimulated reproduction of the viral vector based on the genome of crucifer-infecting tobacco mosaic virus (crTMV) in N. benthamiana leaves. We isolated the NbγThio gene promoter (PrγThio) and showed that PrγThio activity sharply increased in response to massive synthesis of GFP fused with NLS. We conclude that NLS-induced PrγThio activation and increased accumulation of Nbγthio mRNA led to the stimulation of GFP expression from crTMV: GFP vector in the transient expression system.
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20
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Kim Y, Wang J, Clemens EG, Grab DJ, Dumler JS. Anaplasma phagocytophilum Ankyrin A Protein (AnkA) Enters the Nucleus Using an Importin-β-, RanGTP-Dependent Mechanism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:828605. [PMID: 35719343 PMCID: PMC9204287 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.828605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum, a tick-borne obligately intracellular bacterium of neutrophils, causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Ankyrin A (AnkA), an effector protein with multiple ankyrin repeats (AR) is injected via type IV-secretion into the host neutrophil to gain access to the nucleus where it modifies the epigenome to promote microbial fitness and propagation. AR proteins transported into the host cell nucleus must use at least one of two known eukaryotic pathways, the classical importin β-dependent pathway, and/or the RanGDP- and AR (ankyrin-repeat)-dependent importin β-independent (RaDAR) pathway. Truncation of the first four AnkA N-terminal ARs (AR1-4), but not other regions, prevents AnkA nuclear accumulation. To investigate the mechanism of nuclear import, we created point mutations of AnkA N-terminal ARs, predicted to interfere with RaDAR protein import, and used importazole, a specific inhibitor of the importin α/β, RanGTP-dependent pathway. Nuclear colocalization analysis shows that nuclear localization of AnkA is unaffected by single AR1-4 mutations but is significantly reduced by single mutations in consecutive ARs suggesting RaDAR protein nuclear import. However, AnkA nuclear localization was also decreased with importazole, and with GTPγS. Furthermore, A. phagocytophilum growth in HL-60 cells was completely suppressed with importazole, indicating that A. phagocytophilum propagation requires a β-importin-dependent pathway. A typical classical NLS overlapping AR4 was subsequently identified suggesting the primacy of the importin-α/β system in AnkA nuclear localization. Whether the mutational studies of putative key residues support RaDAR NLS function or simply reflect structural changes that diminish engagement of an AR-NLS-importin pathway needs to be resolved through careful structure-function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kim
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jianyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emily G. Clemens
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dennis J. Grab
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - J. Stephen Dumler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: J. Stephen Dumler,
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21
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Wang L, Zhang W, Wu X, Liang X, Cao L, Zhai J, Yang Y, Chen Q, Liu H, Zhang J, Ding Y, Zhu F, Tang J. MIAOME: Human Microbiome Affect The Host Epigenome. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:2455-2463. [PMID: 35664224 PMCID: PMC9136154 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the genetic factors having tremendous influences on the regulations of the epigenome, the microenvironmental factors have recently gained extensive attention for their roles in affecting the host epigenome. There are three major types of microenvironmental factors: microbiota-derived metabolites (MDM), microbiota-derived components (MDC) and microbiota-secreted proteins (MSP). These factors can regulate host physiology by modifying host gene expression through the three highly interconnected epigenetic mechanisms (e.g. histone modifications, DNA modifications, and non-coding RNAs). However, no database was available to provide the comprehensive factors of these types. Herein, a database entitled 'Human Microbiome Affect The Host Epigenome (MIAOME)' was constructed. Based on the types of epigenetic modifications confirmed in the literature review, the MIAOME database captures 1068 (63 genus, 281 species, 707 strains, etc.) human microbes, 91 unique microbiota-derived metabolites & components (16 fatty acids, 10 bile acids, 10 phenolic compounds, 10 vitamins, 9 tryptophan metabolites, etc.) derived from 967 microbes; 50 microbes that secreted 40 proteins; 98 microbes that directly influence the host epigenetic modification, and provides 3 classifications of the epigenome, including (1) 4 types of DNA modifications, (2) 20 histone modifications and (3) 490 ncRNAs regulations, involved in 160 human diseases. All in all, MIAOME has compiled the information on the microenvironmental factors influence host epigenome through the scientific literature and biochemical databases, and allows the collective considerations among the different types of factors. It can be freely assessed without login requirement by all users at: http://miaome.idrblab.net/ttd/
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianglu Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lijie Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jincheng Zhai
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yiyang Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qiuxiao Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hongqing Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yubin Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (J. Tang).
| | - Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (J. Tang).
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Corresponding authors at: School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China (J. Tang).
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22
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Cordsmeier A, Rinkel S, Jeninga M, Schulze-Luehrmann J, Ölke M, Schmid B, Hasler D, Meister G, Häcker G, Petter M, Beare PA, Lührmann A. The Coxiella burnetii T4SS effector protein AnkG hijacks the 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex for reprogramming host cell transcription. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010266. [PMID: 35134097 PMCID: PMC8824381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of host cell apoptosis is crucial for survival and replication of several intracellular bacterial pathogens. To interfere with apoptotic pathways, some pathogens use specialized secretion systems to inject bacterial effector proteins into the host cell cytosol. One of these pathogens is the obligate intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of the zoonotic disease Q fever. In this study, we analyzed the molecular activity of the anti-apoptotic T4SS effector protein AnkG (CBU0781) to understand how C. burnetii manipulates host cell viability. We demonstrate by co- and RNA-immunoprecipitation that AnkG binds to the host cell DExD box RNA helicase 21 (DDX21) as well as to the host cell 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SK snRNP) complex, an important regulator of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb). The co-immunoprecipitation of AnkG with DDX21 is probably mediated by salt bridges and is independent of AnkG-7SK snRNP binding, and vice versa. It is known that DDX21 facilitates the release of P-TEFb from the 7SK snRNP complex. Consistent with the documented function of released P-TEFb in RNA Pol II pause release, RNA sequencing experiments confirmed AnkG-mediated transcriptional reprogramming and showed that expression of genes involved in apoptosis, trafficking, and transcription are influenced by AnkG. Importantly, DDX21 and P-TEFb are both essential for AnkG-mediated inhibition of host cell apoptosis, emphasizing the significance of the interaction of AnkG with both, the DDX21 protein and the 7SK RNA. In line with a critical function of AnkG in pathogenesis, the AnkG deletion C. burnetii strain was severely affected in its ability to inhibit host cell apoptosis and to generate a replicative C. burnetii-containing vacuole. In conclusion, the interference with the activity of regulatory host cell RNAs mediated by a bacterial effector protein represent a novel mechanism through which C. burnetii modulates host cell transcription, thereby enhancing permissiveness to bacterial infection. For intracellular replication, Coxiella burnetii depends on a functional type IV secretion system, which is utilized to inject ~150 virulence factors, so called effector proteins, into the host cell cytosol. Activities have only been established for few of them. These effector proteins interfere with vesicular trafficking, autophagy, lipid metabolism, apoptosis, and transcription by binding and manipulating the activity of host cell proteins. Here, we report that the C. burnetii T4SS effector protein AnkG (CBU0781, Q83DF6) binds to the host cell DExD box helicase 21 (DDX21) as well as to several host cell RNAs, including the small regulatory 7SK RNA, which is an important regulator of the positive elongation factor b (pTEFb). AnkG interferes with the function of the 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SK snRNP) complex, leading to significant changes in host cell transcription and ensuring host cell survival. AnkG activity is essential for efficient intracellular replication of C. burnetii and its ability to inhibit apoptosis. In summary, we identified a novel process by which a bacterial effector protein manipulates the host cell for its own benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Cordsmeier
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Rinkel
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Myriam Jeninga
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Schulze-Luehrmann
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martha Ölke
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schmid
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnik, Department Biologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniele Hasler
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Biochemistry Center Regensburg (BZR), Laboratory for RNA Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Petter
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul A. Beare
- Coxiella Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Anja Lührmann
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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23
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Frickel EM, Hunter CA. Lessons from Toxoplasma: Host responses that mediate parasite control and the microbial effectors that subvert them. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212714. [PMID: 34670268 PMCID: PMC8532566 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii has long provided a tractable experimental system to investigate how the immune system deals with intracellular infections. This review highlights the advances in defining how this organism was first detected and the studies with T. gondii that contribute to our understanding of how the cytokine IFN-γ promotes control of vacuolar pathogens. In addition, the genetic tractability of this eukaryote organism has provided the foundation for studies into the diverse strategies that pathogens use to evade antimicrobial responses and now provides the opportunity to study the basis for latency. Thus, T. gondii remains a clinically relevant organism whose evolving interactions with the host immune system continue to teach lessons broadly relevant to host–pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Frickel
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Christopher A Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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24
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Orientia tsutsugamushi Nucleomodulin Ank13 Exploits the RaDAR Nuclear Import Pathway To Modulate Host Cell Transcription. mBio 2021; 12:e0181621. [PMID: 34340535 PMCID: PMC8406279 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01816-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Orientia tsutsugamushi is the etiologic agent of scrub typhus, the deadliest of all diseases caused by obligate intracellular bacteria. Nucleomodulins, bacterial effectors that dysregulate eukaryotic transcription, are being increasingly recognized as key virulence factors. How they translocate into the nucleus and their functionally essential domains are poorly defined. We demonstrate that Ank13, an O. tsutsugamushi effector conserved among clinical isolates and expressed during infection, localizes to the nucleus in an importin β1-independent manner. Rather, Ank13 nucleotropism requires an isoleucine at the thirteenth position of its fourth ankyrin repeat, consistent with utilization of eukaryotic RaDAR (RanGDP-ankyrin repeats) nuclear import. RNA-seq analyses of cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Ank13, nucleotropism-deficient Ank13I127R, or Ank13ΔF-box, which lacks the F-box domain essential for interacting with SCF ubiquitin ligase, revealed Ank13 to be a nucleomodulin that predominantly downregulates transcription of more than 2,000 genes. Its ability to do so involves its nucleotropism and F-box in synergistic and mutually exclusive manners. Ank13 also acts in the cytoplasm to dysregulate smaller cohorts of genes. The effector’s toxicity in yeast heavily depends on its F-box and less so on its nucleotropism. Genes negatively regulated by Ank13 include those involved in the inflammatory response, transcriptional control, and epigenetics. Importantly, the majority of genes that GFP-Ank13 most strongly downregulates are quiescent or repressed in O. tsutsugamushi-infected cells when Ank13 expression is strongest. Ank13 is the first nucleomodulin identified to coopt RaDAR and a multifaceted effector that functions in the nucleus and cytoplasm via F-box-dependent and -independent mechanisms to globally reprogram host cell transcription.
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25
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Qin W, Scicluna BP, van der Poll T. The Role of Host Cell DNA Methylation in the Immune Response to Bacterial Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696280. [PMID: 34394088 PMCID: PMC8358789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cells undergo complex transcriptional reprogramming upon infection. Epigenetic changes play a key role in the immune response to bacteria, among which DNA modifications that include methylation have received much attention in recent years. The extent of DNA methylation is well known to regulate gene expression. Whilst historically DNA methylation was considered to be a stable epigenetic modification, accumulating evidence indicates that DNA methylation patterns can be altered rapidly upon exposure of cells to changing environments and pathogens. Furthermore, the action of proteins regulating DNA methylation, particularly DNA methyltransferases and ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases, may be modulated, at least in part, by bacteria. This review discusses the principles of DNA methylation, and recent insights about the regulation of host DNA methylation during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Qin
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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26
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Le LHM, Ying L, Ferrero RL. Nuclear trafficking of bacterial effector proteins. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13320. [PMID: 33600054 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens can subvert host responses by producing effector proteins that directly target the nucleus of eukaryotic cells in animals and plants. Nuclear-targeting proteins are categorised as either: "nucleomodulins," which have epigenetic-modulating activities; or "cyclomodulins," which specifically interfere with the host cell cycle. Bacteria can deliver these effector proteins to eukaryotic cells via a range of strategies. Despite an increasing number of reports describing the effects of bacterial effector proteins on nuclear processes in host cells, the intracellular pathways used by these proteins to traffic to the nucleus have yet to be fully elucidated. This review will describe current knowledge about how nucleomodulins and cyclomodulins enter eukaryotic cells, exploit endocytic pathways and translocate to the nucleus. We will also discuss the secretion of nuclear-targeting proteins or their release in bacterial membrane vesicles and the trafficking pathways employed by each of these forms. Besides their importance for bacterial pathogenesis, some nuclear-targeting proteins have been implicated in the development of chronic diseases and even cancer. A greater understanding of nuclear-targeting proteins and their actions will provide new insights into the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as contribute to advances in the development of novel therapies against bacterial infections and possibly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hoang My Le
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Le Ying
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Khan AA, Khan Z. Bacterial nucleomodulins and cancer: An unresolved enigma. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100922. [PMID: 33137543 PMCID: PMC7644672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies in microbial pathogenesis have identified several bacterial proteins with the potential to influence host cell nuclei. This field of research is in its infancy, however it is rapidly growing. In particular, the role of bacterial nucleomodulins in animal oncogenesis is an area that requires attention. Earlier research has suggested the role of nucleomodulins in plant tumor development and these findings may provide us with a better understanding of the role of these proteins in human cancer development. This proposition is further supported by previous identification of nucleomodulins present in bacteria that have been associated with cancer development, but their role in human cancer is unclear. In this article, we provide an update on the status of these nucleomodulins and their role in cancer etiology. We collected information about known bacterial nucleomodulins and tried to relate their mechanistic implication with already known plant tumor development model. The present research indicates that bacterial nucleomodulins may be an important target in cancer etiology and knowledge of their role in human oncogenesis may help us to create suitable alternative cancer management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Arif Khan
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411026, India.
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Davis Bldg. Rm. 2008, 8700 Beverly Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
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28
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Hanford HE, Von Dwingelo J, Abu Kwaik Y. Bacterial nucleomodulins: A coevolutionary adaptation to the eukaryotic command center. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009184. [PMID: 33476322 PMCID: PMC7819608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Through long-term interactions with their hosts, bacterial pathogens have evolved unique arsenals of effector proteins that interact with specific host targets and reprogram the host cell into a permissive niche for pathogen proliferation. The targeting of effector proteins into the host cell nucleus for modulation of nuclear processes is an emerging theme among bacterial pathogens. These unique pathogen effector proteins have been termed in recent years as "nucleomodulins." The first nucleomodulins were discovered in the phytopathogens Agrobacterium and Xanthomonas, where their nucleomodulins functioned as eukaryotic transcription factors or integrated themselves into host cell DNA to promote tumor induction, respectively. Numerous nucleomodulins were recently identified in mammalian pathogens. Bacterial nucleomodulins are an emerging family of pathogen effector proteins that evolved to target specific components of the host cell command center through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include: chromatin dynamics, histone modification, DNA methylation, RNA splicing, DNA replication, cell cycle, and cell signaling pathways. Nucleomodulins may induce short- or long-term epigenetic modifications of the host cell. In this extensive review, we discuss the current knowledge of nucleomodulins from plant and mammalian pathogens. While many nucleomodulins are already identified, continued research is instrumental in understanding their mechanisms of action and the role they play during the progression of pathogenesis. The continued study of nucleomodulins will enhance our knowledge of their effects on nuclear chromatin dynamics, protein homeostasis, transcriptional landscapes, and the overall host cell epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Hanford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Juanita Von Dwingelo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Yousef Abu Kwaik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Predicative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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Pagliuso A, Cossart P. [L. monocytogenes modulates the interferon response by secreting an RNA-binding protein]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:1218-1220. [PMID: 33296642 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pagliuso
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Micalis, Équipe d'épigénétique et de microbiologie cellulaire, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Pascale Cossart
- Département de biologie cellulaire et infection, Unité des interactions bactéries-cellules, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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New Roles for Fusobacterium nucleatum in Cancer: Target the Bacteria, Host, or Both? Trends Cancer 2020; 7:185-187. [PMID: 33309240 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) proliferation, chemoresistance, inflammation, metastasis, and now DNA damage. While controlling F. nucleatum through antibiotics could reduce cancer severity, this article proposes additional strategies to block Fusobacterium-host interactions, as well as treatment of activated host immune and oncogenic signaling pathways in CRC.
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Denzer L, Schroten H, Schwerk C. From Gene to Protein-How Bacterial Virulence Factors Manipulate Host Gene Expression During Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103730. [PMID: 32466312 PMCID: PMC7279228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria evolved many strategies to survive and persist within host cells. Secretion of bacterial effectors enables bacteria not only to enter the host cell but also to manipulate host gene expression to circumvent clearance by the host immune response. Some effectors were also shown to evade the nucleus to manipulate epigenetic processes as well as transcription and mRNA procession and are therefore classified as nucleomodulins. Others were shown to interfere downstream with gene expression at the level of mRNA stability, favoring either mRNA stabilization or mRNA degradation, translation or protein stability, including mechanisms of protein activation and degradation. Finally, manipulation of innate immune signaling and nutrient supply creates a replicative niche that enables bacterial intracellular persistence and survival. In this review, we want to highlight the divergent strategies applied by intracellular bacteria to evade host immune responses through subversion of host gene expression via bacterial effectors. Since these virulence proteins mimic host cell enzymes or own novel enzymatic functions, characterizing their properties could help to understand the complex interactions between host and pathogen during infections. Additionally, these insights could propose potential targets for medical therapy.
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