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Wu K, Jian S, Han Z, Ding C, Li Y, Wen Y, Nie Y, Zhu J, Li T, Zhang P, Zeng Y, Liu Z. Disintegrin Accutin inhibits A549 cell migration though suppression of EMT and FAK/AKT signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133593. [PMID: 38971284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimers composed of two subunits, α(120-185kD) and β (90-110kD), which mediate the connection between cells and their external environment, such as extracellular matrix (ECM), and play an important role in the regulation of cell shape, proliferation and migration. Herein, we identified a potent anti-tumor migration peptide Accutin from crude venom of Agkistrodon acutus using an A549 3D tumor sphere model, and simulation tools and RNA sequencing were performed to reveal the mechanism of Accutin. Accutin is a disintegrin and docking, molecular dynamics simulations and ITC assay indicate that the RGD motif in the Accutin sequence can stably bind to integrins α5β1. 9.22 nM Accutin can significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of lung cancer cell lines. Transcriptome analysis indicated that many genes are involved in tumor cell adhesion-related biological processes. Several pathways, like the "mTOR signaling pathway", "TGF-β signaling pathway", and "Focal adhesion" were enriched. Interestingly, pathways involved in "N-Glycan biosynthesis" etc. were significantly inhibited. These transcriptomics data suggested that the molecular basis of Accutin-mediated inhibition of cancer cell migration may be by inhibiting N-glycosylation of integrin, then inhibiting signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGFβ/smad. Western blotting analysis further confirmed that Accutin could suppress migration via down-regulating the phosphorylation of FAK and AKT and inhibiting EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition). Taken together, as a disintegrin with high efficiency, Accutin may be a potential precursor of a therapeutic agent for the treatment of lung cancer migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Shandong Jian
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Zhuomin Han
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Changhao Ding
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yuhan Wen
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yueqi Nie
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jiaoyue Zhu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Tingting Li
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Yong Zeng
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- The National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Peptide and Small Molecule Drug R&D Platform, Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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2
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Bin Haidar H, Almeida JR, Williams J, Guo B, Bigot A, Senthilkumaran S, Vaiyapuri S, Patel K. Differential effects of the venoms of Russell's viper and Indian cobra on human myoblasts. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3184. [PMID: 38326450 PMCID: PMC10850160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Local tissue damage following snakebite envenoming remains a poorly researched area. To develop better strategies to treat snakebites, it is critical to understand the mechanisms through which venom toxins induce envenomation effects including local tissue damage. Here, we demonstrate how the venoms of two medically important Indian snakes (Russell's viper and cobra) affect human skeletal muscle using a cultured human myoblast cell line. The data suggest that both venoms affect the viability of myoblasts. Russell's viper venom reduced the total number of cells, their migration, and the area of focal adhesions. It also suppressed myogenic differentiation and induced muscle atrophy. While cobra venom decreased the viability, it did not largely affect cell migration and focal adhesions. Cobra venom affected the formation of myotubes and induced atrophy. Cobra venom-induced atrophy could not be reversed by small molecule inhibitors such as varespladib (a phospholipase A2 inhibitor) and prinomastat (a metalloprotease inhibitor), and soluble activin type IIb receptor (a molecule used to promote regeneration of skeletal muscle), although the antivenom (raised against the Indian 'Big Four' snakes) has attenuated the effects. However, all these molecules rescued the myotubes from Russell's viper venom-induced atrophy. This study demonstrates key steps in the muscle regeneration process that are affected by both Indian Russell's viper and cobra venoms and offers insights into the potential causes of clinical features displayed in envenomed victims. Further research is required to investigate the molecular mechanisms of venom-induced myotoxicity under in vivo settings and develop better therapies for snakebite-induced muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husain Bin Haidar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK
- Kuwait Cancer Control Centre, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - José R Almeida
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Jarred Williams
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Bokai Guo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK
| | - Anne Bigot
- INSERM, CNRS, Institute of Myology, Centre of Research in Myology, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UB, UK.
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3
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Vasconcelos AA, Estrada JC, Caruso IP, Kurtenbach E, Zingali RB, Almeida FCL. Toward the mechanism of jarastatin (rJast) inhibition of the integrin αVβ3. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128078. [PMID: 37972836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Disintegrins are a family of cysteine-rich small proteins that were first identified in snake venom. The high divergence of disintegrins gave rise to a plethora of functions, all related to the interaction with integrins. Disintegrins evolved to interact selectively with different integrins, eliciting many physiological outcomes and being promising candidates for the therapy of many pathologies. We used NMR to determine the structure and dynamics of the recombinant disintegrin jarastatin (rJast) and its interaction with the cancer-related integrin αVβ3. rJast displayed the canonical fold of a medium-sized disintegrin and showed complex dynamic in multiple timescales. We used NMR experiments to map the interaction of rJast with αVβ3, and molecular docking followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to describe the first structural model of a disintegrin/integrin complex. We showed that not only the RGD loop participates in the interaction, but also the N-terminal domain. rJast plasticity was essential for the interaction with αVβ3 and correlated with the main modes of motion depicted in the MD trajectories. In summary, our study provides novel structural insights that enhance our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying disintegrin functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de RMN de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (CNRMN), Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge C Estrada
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Icaro P Caruso
- Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation (CMIB), Department of Physics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eleonora Kurtenbach
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Russolina B Zingali
- Laboratório de Hemostase e Venenos, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fabio C L Almeida
- Laboratório de RMN de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Centro Nacional de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (CNRMN), Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem (CENABIO), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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4
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Wachtel E, Bittenbinder MA, van de Velde B, Slagboom J, de Monts de Savasse A, Alonso LL, Casewell NR, Vonk FJ, Kool J. Application of an Extracellular Matrix-Mimicking Fluorescent Polymer for the Detection of Proteolytic Venom Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040294. [PMID: 37104232 PMCID: PMC10143632 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxicity caused by snake venoms is a serious medical problem that greatly contributes to the morbidity observed in snakebite patients. The cytotoxic components found in snake venoms belong to a variety of toxin classes and may cause cytotoxic effects by targeting a range of molecular structures, including cellular membranes, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton. Here, we present a high-throughput assay (384-well plate) that monitors ECM degradation by snake venom toxins via the application of fluorescent versions of model ECM substrates, specifically gelatin and collagen type I. Both crude venoms and fractionated toxins of a selection of medically relevant viperid and elapid species, separated via size-exclusion chromatography, were studied using the self-quenching, fluorescently labelled ECM-polymer substrates. The viperid venoms showed significantly higher proteolytic degradation when compared to elapid venoms, although the venoms with higher snake venom metalloproteinase content did not necessarily exhibit stronger substrate degradation than those with a lower one. Gelatin was generally more readily cleaved than collagen type I. In the viperid venoms, which were subjected to fractionation by SEC, two (B. jararaca and C. rhodostoma, respectively) or three (E. ocellatus) active proteases were identified. Therefore, the assay allows the study of proteolytic activity towards the ECM in vitro for crude and fractionated venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wachtel
- AIMMS, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matyas A Bittenbinder
- AIMMS, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van de Velde
- AIMMS, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Slagboom
- AIMMS, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel de Monts de Savasse
- AIMMS, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luis L Alonso
- AIMMS, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas R Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Freek J Vonk
- AIMMS, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- AIMMS, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Albrecht EA, Carter JD, Garbar V, Choudhary A, Tomlins SA. Intracellular Zinc Trafficking during Crotalus atrox Venom Wound Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076763. [PMID: 37047742 PMCID: PMC10094922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined zinc trafficking in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) stimulated with Crotalus atrox (CA venom) snake venom. We utilized MTS cytotoxicity assays to monitor the cytotoxic range of CA venom. HUVEC monolayers stimulated with 10 µg/mL CA venom for 3 h displayed cellular retraction, which coincided with 53.0 ± 6.5 percent viability. In contrast, venom concentrations of 100 µg/mL produced a complete disruption of cellular adherence and viability decreased to 36.6 ± 1.0. The zinc probe Fluozin-3AM was used to detect intracellular zinc in non-stimulated controls, HUVEC stimulated with 10 µg/mL CA venom or HUVEC preincubated with TPEN for 2 h then stimulated with 10 µg/mL CA venom. Fluorescent intensity analysis returned values of 1434.3 ± 197.4 for CA venom demonstrating an increase of about two orders of magnitude in labile zinc compared to non-stimulated controls. Endothelial response to CA venom induced a 96.1 ± 3.0- and 4.4 ± 0.41-fold increase in metallothionein 1X (MT1X) and metallothionein 2A (MT2A) gene expression. Zinc chelation during CA venom stimulation significantly increased cell viability, suggesting that the maintenance of zinc homeostasis during envenomation injury improves cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Albrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Jasmine D Carter
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Veronica Garbar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Abeeha Choudhary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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6
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Bialves TS, Bastos Junior CLQ, Cordeiro MF, Boyle RT. Snake venom, a potential treatment for melanoma. A systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123367. [PMID: 36690229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in treating patients with melanoma, there are still many treatment challenges to overcome. Studies with snake venom-derived proteins/peptides describe their binding potential, and inhibition of some proliferative mechanisms in melanoma. The combined use of these compounds with current therapies could be the strategic gap that will help us discover more effective treatments for melanoma. The present study aimed to carry out a systematic review identifying snake venom proteins and peptides described in the literature with antitumor, antimetastatic, or antiangiogenic effects on melanoma and determine the mechanisms of action that lead to these anti-tumor effects. Snake venoms contain proteins and peptides which are antiaggregant, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic. The in vivo results are encouraging, considering the reduction of metastases and tumor size after treatment. In addition to these results, it was reported that these venom compounds could act in combination with chemotherapeutics (Acurhagin-C; Macrovipecetin), sensitizing and preparing tumor cells for treatment. There is a consensus that snake venom is a promising strategy for the improvement of antimelanoma therapies, but it has been little explored in the current context, combined with inhibitors, immunotherapy or tumor microenvironment, for example. We suggest Lebein as a candidate for combination therapy with BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Senna Bialves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, s/n - km 8 - Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Claudio L Q Bastos Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, s/n - km 8 - Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcos Freitas Cordeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Saúde (PPGBS), Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - UNOESC, Rua Roberto Trompovski 224, Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, CEP 89600-000, Brazil.
| | - Robert Tew Boyle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, s/n - km 8 - Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul 96203-900, Brazil
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7
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Sharma D, Singh NK. The Biochemistry and Physiology of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAMs and ADAM-TSs) in Human Pathologies. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 184:69-120. [PMID: 35061104 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases are a group of proteinases that plays a substantial role in extracellular matrix remodeling and its molecular signaling. Among these metalloproteinases, ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinases) and ADAM-TSs (ADAMs with thrombospondin domains) have emerged as highly efficient contributors mediating proteolytic processing of various signaling molecules. ADAMs are transmembrane metalloenzymes that facilitate the extracellular domain shedding of membrane-anchored proteins, cytokines, growth factors, ligands, and their receptors and therefore modulate their biological functions. ADAM-TSs are secretory, and soluble extracellular proteinases that mediate the cleavage of non-fibrillar extracellular matrix proteins. ADAMs and ADAM-TSs possess pro-domain, metalloproteinase, disintegrin, and cysteine-rich domains in common, but ADAM-TSs have characteristic thrombospondin motifs instead of the transmembrane domain. Most ADAMs and ADAM-TSs are activated by cleavage of pro-domain via pro-protein convertases at their N-terminus, hence directing them to various signaling pathways. In this article, we are discussing not only the structure and regulation of ADAMs and ADAM-TSs, but also the importance of these metalloproteinases in various human pathophysiological conditions like cardiovascular diseases, colorectal cancer, autoinflammatory diseases (sepsis/rheumatoid arthritis), Alzheimer's disease, proliferative retinopathies, and infectious diseases. Therefore, based on the emerging role of ADAMs and ADAM-TSs in various human pathologies, as summarized in this review, these metalloproteases can be considered as critical therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Sharma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nikhlesh K Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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8
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How snake venom disintegrins affect platelet aggregation and cancer proliferation. Toxicon 2022; 221:106982. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Offor BC, Muller B, Piater LA. A Review of the Proteomic Profiling of African Viperidae and Elapidae Snake Venoms and Their Antivenom Neutralisation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:723. [PMID: 36355973 PMCID: PMC9694588 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that results from the injection of snake venom of a venomous snake into animals and humans. In Africa (mainly in sub-Saharan Africa), over 100,000 envenomings and over 10,000 deaths per annum from snakebite have been reported. Difficulties in snakebite prevention and antivenom treatment are believed to result from a lack of epidemiological data and underestimated figures on snakebite envenoming-related morbidity and mortality. There are species- and genus-specific variations associated with snake venoms in Africa and across the globe. These variations contribute massively to diverse differences in venom toxicity and pathogenicity that can undermine the efficacy of adopted antivenom therapies used in the treatment of snakebite envenoming. There is a need to profile all snake venom proteins of medically important venomous snakes endemic to Africa. This is anticipated to help in the development of safer and more effective antivenoms for the treatment of snakebite envenoming within the continent. In this review, the proteomes of 34 snake venoms from the most medically important snakes in Africa, namely the Viperidae and Elipdae, were extracted from the literature. The toxin families were grouped into dominant, secondary, minor, and others based on the abundance of the protein families in the venom proteomes. The Viperidae venom proteome was dominated by snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs-41%), snake venom serine proteases (SVSPs-16%), and phospholipase A2 (PLA2-17%) protein families, while three-finger toxins (3FTxs-66%) and PLA2s (16%) dominated those of the Elapidae. We further review the neutralisation of these snake venoms by selected antivenoms widely used within the African continent. The profiling of African snake venom proteomes will aid in the development of effective antivenom against snakebite envenoming and, additionally, could possibly reveal therapeutic applications of snake venom proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict C. Offor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Beric Muller
- South Africa Venom Suppliers CC, Louis Trichardt 0920, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
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10
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Bartholomai BM, Ruwe KM, Thurston J, Jha P, Scaife K, Simon R, Abdelmoteleb M, Goodman RE, Farhi M. Safety evaluation of Neurospora crassa mycoprotein for use as a novel meat alternative and enhancer. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113342. [PMID: 35963473 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cultivation of filamentous fungi to produce sustainable, nutrient rich meat replacements has recently attracted significant commercial and research interest. Here, we report evidence for the safety and nutritional value of Neurospora crassa mycoprotein, a whole mycelium food ingredient produced by fermentation and minimal downstream processing. N. crassa has a long history of human use in fermented foods and in molecular biology research. A survey of studies that used N. crassa in animal feed revealed no adverse effects to the health of the animals. Furthermore, a review of the literature found no reports of confirmed allergenicity or toxicity in humans involving N. crassa. Genomic toxigenicity analysis and in vitro testing did not identify any toxins in N. crassa mycoprotein. Two independent genomic allergenicity studies did not identify proteins that would be considered a particular risk for allergenic potential. Furthermore, nutritional analysis demonstrated that N. crassa mycoprotein is a good source of complete protein and is rich in fiber, potassium, and iron. Taken together, the presented data and the history of human use without evidence of human or animal harm indicate that foods containing N. crassa can generally be regarded as safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Prachi Jha
- The Better Meat Co., West Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Scaife
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Simon
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | | | - Richard E Goodman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Moran Farhi
- The Better Meat Co., West Sacramento, CA, USA
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11
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Bose D, Roy L, Chatterjee S. Peptide therapeutics in the management of metastatic cancers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21353-21373. [PMID: 35975072 PMCID: PMC9345020 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading health concern threatening lives of millions of patients worldwide. Peptide-based drugs provide a valuable alternative to chemotherapeutics as they are highly specific, cheap, less toxic and easier to synthesize compared to other drugs. In this review, we have discussed various modes in which peptides are being used to curb cancer. Our review highlights specially the various anti-metastatic peptide-based agents developed by targeting a plethora of cellular factors. Herein we have given a special focus on integrins as targets for peptide drugs, as these molecules play key roles in metastatic progression. The review also discusses use of peptides as anti-cancer vaccines and their efficiency as drug-delivery tools. We hope this work will give the reader a clear idea of the mechanisms of peptide-based anti-cancer therapeutics and encourage the development of superior drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debopriya Bose
- Department of Biophysics Bose Institute Unified Academic Campus EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar Kolkata 700091 WB India
| | - Laboni Roy
- Department of Biophysics Bose Institute Unified Academic Campus EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar Kolkata 700091 WB India
| | - Subhrangsu Chatterjee
- Department of Biophysics Bose Institute Unified Academic Campus EN 80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar Kolkata 700091 WB India
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12
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Dias ÊR, de Oliveira LA, Sales Lauria PS, Bordon KDCF, Rodrigues Domênico AM, da Silva Guerreiro ML, Wiezel GA, Cardoso IA, Rossini BC, Marino CL, Pimenta DC, Arantes EC, Casais-e-Silva LL, Branco A, dos Santos LD, Biondi I. Bothrops leucurus snake venom protein profile, isolation and biological characterization of its major toxin PLA2s-likeds. Toxicon 2022; 213:27-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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The Effects of αvβ3 Integrin Blockage in Breast Tumor and Endothelial Cells under Hypoxia In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031745. [PMID: 35163668 PMCID: PMC8835904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by a hypoxic microenvironment inside the tumor mass, contributing to cell metastatic behavior. Hypoxia induces the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), a transcription factor for genes involved in angiogenesis and metastatic behavior, including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and integrins. Integrin receptors play a key role in cell adhesion and migration, being considered targets for metastasis prevention. We investigated the migratory behavior of hypoxia-cultured triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBC) and endothelial cells (HUVEC) upon αvβ3 integrin blocking with DisBa-01, an RGD disintegrin with high affinity to this integrin. Boyden chamber, HUVEC transmigration, and wound healing assays in the presence of DisBa-01 were performed in hypoxic conditions. DisBa-01 produced similar effects in the two oxygen conditions in the Boyden chamber and transmigration assays. In the wound healing assay, hypoxia abolished DisBa-01′s inhibitory effect on cell motility and decreased the MMP-9 activity of conditioned media. These results indicate that αvβ3 integrin function in cell motility depends on the assay and oxygen levels, and higher inhibitor concentrations may be necessary to achieve the same inhibitory effect as in normoxia. These versatile responses add more complexity to the role of the αvβ3 integrin during tumor progression.
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Brown LE, Reyes G, Albrecht EA. Crotalus atrox venom-induced cellular toxicity: Early wound progression involves reactive oxygen species. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:852-863. [PMID: 34725845 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that produce cellular cytotoxicity is fundamental in the field of toxicology. Cytotoxic stimuli can include organic toxins such as hemorrhagic snake venom, which can lead to secondary complications such as the development of necrotic tissue and profuse scarring. These clinical manifestations mimic cytotoxic responses induce by other organic compounds such as organic acids. We used hemorrhagic snake venom and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293T) as a model system to better understand the cellular responses involved in venom induced cytotoxicity. Cells stimulated with Crotalus atrox (CA) (western diamondback) venom for 4 or 10 h demonstrated significant cytotoxicity. Results from 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2 DCF-DA) assays determine CA venom stimulation induces a robust production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over a 3-h time course. In contrast, pretreatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prior to CA venom stimulation significantly blunted H2 DCFDA fluorescence fold changes and showed greater cytoprotective effects than cells stimulated with CA venom alone. Pre- incubating HEK293T cells with the NADPH oxidase (NOX) pan-inhibitor VAS2870 prior venom stimulation significantly minimized the venom-induced oxidative burst at early timepoints (≤2 h). Collectively, our experiments show that pre-application of antioxidants reduces CA venom induce cellular toxicity. This result highlights the importance of ROS in the early stages of cytotoxicity and suggests muting ROS production in noxious injuries may increase positive clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Brown
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Giovanni Reyes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric A Albrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia, USA
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15
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Abstract
Snake venoms have evolved primarily to immobilize and kill prey, and consequently, they contain some of the most potent natural toxins. Part of that armory is a range of hemotoxic components that affect every area of hemostasis, which we have harnessed to great effect in the study and diagnosis of hemostatic disorders. The most widely used are those that affect coagulation, such as thrombin-like enzymes unaffected by heparin and direct thrombin inhibitors, which can help confirm or dispute their presence in plasma. The liquid gold of coagulation activators is Russell's viper venom, since it contains activators of factor X and factor V. It is used in a range of clotting-based assays, such as assessment of factor X and factor V deficiencies, protein C and protein S deficiencies, activated protein C resistance, and probably the most important test for lupus anticoagulants, the dilute Russell's viper venom time. Activators of prothrombin, such as oscutarin C from Coastal Taipan venom and ecarin from saw-scaled viper venom, are employed in prothrombin activity assays and lupus anticoagulant detection, and ecarin has a valuable role in quantitative assays of direct thrombin inhibitors. Snake venoms affecting primary hemostasis include botrocetin from the jararaca, which can be used to assay von Willebrand factor activity, and convulxin from the cascavel, which can be used to detect deficiency of the platelet collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI. This article takes the reader to every area of the diagnostic hemostasis laboratory to appreciate the myriad applications of snake venoms available in diagnostic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary William Moore
- Department of Haematology, Specialist Haemostasis Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University London, London, United Kingdom
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Akhtar B, Muhammad F, Sharif A, Anwar MI. Mechanistic insights of snake venom disintegrins in cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 899:174022. [PMID: 33727054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms are a potential source of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds with a defensive role for the host. Various peptides with significant medicinal properties have been isolated and characterized from these venoms. Few of these are FDA approved. They inhibit tumor cells adhesion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis by inhibiting integrins on transmembrane cellular surfaces. This plays important role in delaying tumor growth, neovascularization and development. Tumor targeting and smaller size make them ideal candidates as novel therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. This review is based on sources of these disintegrins, their targeting modality, classification and underlying anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Faqir Muhammad
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Anwar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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17
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Mészáros B, Sámano-Sánchez H, Alvarado-Valverde J, Čalyševa J, Martínez-Pérez E, Alves R, Shields DC, Kumar M, Rippmann F, Chemes LB, Gibson TJ. Short linear motif candidates in the cell entry system used by SARS-CoV-2 and their potential therapeutic implications. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabd0334. [PMID: 33436497 PMCID: PMC7928535 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The first reported receptor for SARS-CoV-2 on host cells was the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). However, the viral spike protein also has an RGD motif, suggesting that cell surface integrins may be co-receptors. We examined the sequences of ACE2 and integrins with the Eukaryotic Linear Motif (ELM) resource and identified candidate short linear motifs (SLiMs) in their short, unstructured, cytosolic tails with potential roles in endocytosis, membrane dynamics, autophagy, cytoskeleton, and cell signaling. These SLiM candidates are highly conserved in vertebrates and may interact with the μ2 subunit of the endocytosis-associated AP2 adaptor complex, as well as with various protein domains (namely, I-BAR, LC3, PDZ, PTB, and SH2) found in human signaling and regulatory proteins. Several motifs overlap in the tail sequences, suggesting that they may act as molecular switches, such as in response to tyrosine phosphorylation status. Candidate LC3-interacting region (LIR) motifs are present in the tails of integrin β3 and ACE2, suggesting that these proteins could directly recruit autophagy components. Our findings identify several molecular links and testable hypotheses that could uncover mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 attachment, entry, and replication against which it may be possible to develop host-directed therapies that dampen viral infection and disease progression. Several of these SLiMs have now been validated to mediate the predicted peptide interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Mészáros
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
| | - Hugo Sámano-Sánchez
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Jesús Alvarado-Valverde
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences
| | - Jelena Čalyševa
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences
| | - Elizabeth Martínez-Pérez
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
- Laboratorio de bioinformática estructural, Fundación Instituto Leloir, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renato Alves
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Denis C Shields
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Manjeet Kumar
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
| | - Friedrich Rippmann
- Computational Chemistry & Biology, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lucía B Chemes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo A. Ugalde", IIB-UNSAM, IIBIO-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CP1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Toby J Gibson
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
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Structural Insight into Integrin Recognition and Anticancer Activity of Echistatin. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110709. [PMID: 33182321 PMCID: PMC7695343 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Echistatin (Ech) is a short disintegrin with a long 42NPHKGPAT C-terminal tail. We determined the 3-D structure of Ech by X-ray crystallography. Superimposition of the structures of chains A and B showed conformational differences in their RGD loops and C-termini. The chain A structure is consistent with our NMR analysis that the GPAT residues of the C-terminus cannot be observed due to high flexibility. The hydrogen bond patterns of the RGD loop and between the RGD loop and C-terminus in Ech were the same as those of the corresponding residues in medium disintegrins. The mutant with C-terminal HKGPAT truncation caused 6.4-, 7.0-, 11.7-, and 18.6-fold decreases in inhibiting integrins αvβ3, αIIbβ3, αvβ5, and α5β1. Mutagenesis of the C-terminus showed that the H44A mutant caused 2.5- and 4.4-fold increases in inhibiting αIIbβ3 and α5β1, and the K45A mutant caused a 2.6-fold decrease in inhibiting αIIbβ3. We found that Ech inhibited VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation with an IC50 value of 103.2 nM and inhibited the migration of A375, U373MG, and Panc-1 tumor cells with IC50 values of 1.5, 5.7, and 154.5 nM. These findings suggest that Ech is a potential anticancer agent, and its C-terminal region can be optimized to improve its anticancer activity.
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Altei WF, Pachane BC, dos Santos PK, Ribeiro LNM, Sung BH, Weaver AM, Selistre-de-Araújo HS. Inhibition of αvβ3 integrin impairs adhesion and uptake of tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:158. [PMID: 32988382 PMCID: PMC7520983 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00630-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound particles that are naturally released from cells and mediate cell-cell communication. Integrin adhesion receptors are enriched in small EVs (SEVs) and SEV-carried integrins have been shown to promote cancer cell migration and to mediate organ-specific metastasis; however, how integrins mediate these effects is not entirely clear and could represent a combination of EV binding to extracellular matrix and cells. METHODS To probe integrin role in EVs binding and uptake, we employed a disintegrin inhibitor (DisBa-01) of integrin binding with specificity for αvβ3 integrin. EVs were purified from MDA-MB-231 cells conditioned media by serial centrifugation method. Isolated EVs were characterized by different techniques and further employed in adhesion, uptake and co-culture experiments. RESULTS We find that SEVs secreted from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells carry αvβ3 integrin and bind directly to fibronectin-coated plates, which is inhibited by DisBa-01. SEV coating on tissue culture plates also induces adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells, which is inhibited by DisBa-01 treatment. Analysis of EV uptake and interchange between cells reveals that the amount of CD63-positive EVs delivered from malignant MDA-MB-231 breast cells to non-malignant MCF10A breast epithelial cells is reduced by DisBa-01 treatment. Inhibition of αvβ3 integrin decreases CD63 expression in cancer cells suggesting an effect on SEV content. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings demonstrate for the first time a key role of αvβ3 integrin in cell-cell communication through SEVs. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa F. Altei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bianca C. Pachane
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Patty K. dos Santos
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Lígia N. M. Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bong Hwan Sung
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Alissa M. Weaver
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Heloisa S. Selistre-de-Araújo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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20
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New opportunities and challenges of venom-based and bacteria-derived molecules for anticancer targeted therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:356-369. [PMID: 32846203 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to advances in detection and treatment of cancer, especially the rise in the targeted therapy, the five-year relative survival rate of all cancers has increased significantly. However, according to the analysis of the survival rate of cancer patients in 2019, the survival rate of most cancers is still less than five years. Therefore, to combat complex cancer and further improve the 5-year survival rate of cancer patients, it is necessary to develop some new anticancer drugs. Because of the adaptive evolution of toxic species for millions of years, the venom sac is a "treasure bank", which has millions of biomolecules with high affinity and stability awaiting further development. Complete utilization of venom-based and bacteria-derived drugs in the market is still staggering because of incomplete understanding regarding their mode of action. In this review, we focused on the currently identified targets for anticancer effects based on venomous and bacterial biomolecules, such as ion channels, membrane non-receptor molecules, integrins, and other related target molecules. This review will serve as the key for exploring the molecular mechanisms behind the anticancer potential of venom-based and bacteria-derived drugs and will also lay the path for the development of anticancer targeted therapy.
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21
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Improved Antithrombotic Activity and Diminished Bleeding Side Effect of a PEGylated α IIbβ 3 Antagonist, Disintegrin. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12070426. [PMID: 32605221 PMCID: PMC7404706 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG), or PEGylation of polypeptides improves protein drug stability by decreasing degradation and reducing renal clearance. To produce a pharmaceutical disintegrin derivative, the N-terminal PEGylation technique was used to modify the disintegrin derivative [KGDRR]trimucrin for favorable safety, pharmacokinetic profiles, and antithrombotic efficacy. We compared intact [KGDRR]trimucrin (RR) and PEGylated KGDRR (PEG-RR) by in vitro and in vivo systems for their antithrombotic activities. The activity of platelet aggregation inhibition and the bleeding tendency side effect were also investigated. PEG-RR exhibited optimal potency in inhibiting platelet aggregation of human/mouse platelet-rich plasma activated by collagen or ADP with a lower IC50 than the intact derivative RR. In the illumination-induced mesenteric venous thrombosis model, RR and PEG-RR efficaciously prevented occlusive thrombosis in a dose-dependent manner. In rotational thromboelastometry assay, PEG-RR did not induce hypocoagulation in human whole blood even given at a higher concentration (30 μg/mL), while RR slightly prolonged clotting time. However, RR and PEG-RR were not associated with severe thrombocytopenia or bleeding in FcγRIIa-transgenic mice at equally efficacious antithrombotic dosages. We also found the in vivo half-life of PEGylation was longer than RR (RR: 15.65 h vs. PEG-RR: 20.45 h). In conclusion, injectable PEG-RR with prolonged half-life and decreased bleeding risk is a safer anti-thrombotic agent for long-acting treatment of thrombus diseases.
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Venomics and Cellular Toxicity of Thai Pit Vipers (Trimeresurus macrops and T. hageni). Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12010054. [PMID: 31963345 PMCID: PMC7020458 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The two venomous pit vipers, Trimeresurus macrops and T. hageni, are distributed throughout Thailand, although their abundance varies among different areas. No species-specific antivenom is available for their bite victims, and the only recorded treatment method is a horse antivenom raised against T. albolabris crude venom. To facilitate assessment of the cross-reactivity of heterologous antivenoms, protein profiles of T. macrops and T. hageni venoms were explored using mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. The results show that 185 and 216 proteins were identified from T. macrops and T. hageni venoms, respectively. Two major protein components in T. macrops and T. hageni venoms were snake venom serine protease and metalloproteinase. The toxicity of the venoms on human monocytes and skin fibroblasts was analyzed, and both showed a greater cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts than monocytic cells, with toxicity occurring in a dose-dependent rather than a time-dependent manner. Exploring the protein composition of snake venom leads to a better understanding of the envenoming of prey. Moreover, knowledge of pit viper venomics facilitates the selection of the optimum heterologous antivenoms for treating bite victims.
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Lino RLB, Dos Santos PK, Pisani GFD, Altei WF, Cominetti MR, Selistre-de-Araújo HS. Alphavbeta3 integrin blocking inhibits apoptosis and induces autophagy in murine breast tumor cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118536. [PMID: 31465809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell receptors that mediate adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and regulate cell migration, a crucial process in tumor invasion. The αvβ3 integrin recognizes the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) motif in ECM proteins and it can be antagonized by RGD-peptides, resulting in decreased cell migration and invasion. RGD-based drugs have shown disappointing results in clinical trials; however, the reasons for their lack of activity are still obscure. Aiming to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular consequences of integrin inhibition, we tested a recombinant RGD-disintegrin (DisBa-01) in two types of murine cell lines, breast tumor 4T1BM2 cells and L929 fibroblasts. Only tumor cells showed decreased motility and adhesion, as well as morphologic alterations upon DisBa-01 treatment (100 and 1000 nM). This result was attributed to the higher levels of αvβ3 integrin in 4T1BM2 cells compared to L929 fibroblasts making the former more sensitive to DisBa-01 blocking. DisBa-01 induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase in 4T1BM2 cells, but it did not induce apoptosis, which was consistent with the decrease in caspase-3, 8 and 9 expression at mRNA and protein levels. DisBa-01 increases PI3K, Beclin-1 and LC3B expression in tumor cells, indicators of autophagic induction. In conclusion, αvβ3 integrin blocking by DisBa-01 results in inhibition of adhesion and migration and in the activation of an autophagy program, allowing prolonged survival and avoiding immediate apoptotic death. These observations suggest new insights into the effects of RGD-based inhibitors considering their importance in drug development for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Luis Bressani Lino
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235-SP-310, São Carlos CEP 13.565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patty Karina Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235-SP-310, São Carlos CEP 13.565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziéle Fernanda Deriggi Pisani
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235-SP-310, São Carlos CEP 13.565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wanessa Fernanda Altei
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235-SP-310, São Carlos CEP 13.565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235-SP-310, São Carlos CEP 13.565-905, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Sobreiro Selistre-de-Araújo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, Km 235-SP-310, São Carlos CEP 13.565-905, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ozverel CS, Damm M, Hempel BF, Göçmen B, Sroka R, Süssmuth RD, Nalbantsoy A. Investigating the cytotoxic effects of the venom proteome of two species of the Viperidae family (Cerastes cerastes and Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus) from various habitats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 220:20-30. [PMID: 30825636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal secretions are of great interest in terms of drug development due to their complex protein and peptide composition. Especially, in the field of therapeutic medications such as anti-cancer drugs snake venoms receive attention. In this study, we address two Viperidae species from various habitats with a particular focus on the cytotoxic potential along with the decomplexation of the venom proteome: the horned desert viper (Cerastes cerastes), native to desert regions of North Africa and the mangrove pit viper (Cryptelytrops purpureomaculatus), found in coastal forests of Southeast Asia. Initial cytotoxic screenings of the crude venoms revealed diverse activity, with the highest effect against SHSY5Y human glioblastoma carcinoma cells compared to other cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. In-depth cytotoxicity studies of SHSY5Y cells with purified venom fractions revealed heterodimeric disintegrins from C. cerastes venom, which exerted a high cytotoxic activity with IC50 values from 0.11 to 0.58 μM and a disintegrin-like effect on SHSY5Y morphology was observed due to cell detachment. Furthermore, two polyproline BPP-related peptides, one PLA2 and a peptide-rich fraction were determined for C. purpureomaculatus with moderate IC50 values between 3 and 51 μM. Additionally, the decryption of the venom proteomes by snake venomic mass spectrometry and comparison of the same species from different habitats revealed slight differences in the composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Serhan Ozverel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Maik Damm
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin-Florian Hempel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bayram Göçmen
- Zoology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Robert Sroka
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roderich D Süssmuth
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
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Danilucci TM, Santos PK, Pachane BC, Pisani GFD, Lino RLB, Casali BC, Altei WF, Selistre-de-Araujo HS. Recombinant RGD-disintegrin DisBa-01 blocks integrin α vβ 3 and impairs VEGF signaling in endothelial cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:27. [PMID: 30894182 PMCID: PMC6425665 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrins mediate cell adhesion, migration, and survival by connecting the intracellular machinery with the surrounding extracellular matrix. Previous studies demonstrated the interaction between αvβ3 integrin and VEGF type 2 receptor (VEGFR2) in VEGF-induced angiogenesis. DisBa-01, a recombinant His-tag fusion, RGD-disintegrin from Bothrops alternatus snake venom, binds to αvβ3 integrin with nanomolar affinity blocking cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Here we present in vitro evidence of a direct interference of DisBa-01 with αvβ3/VEGFR2 cross-talk and its downstream pathways. Methods Human umbilical vein (HUVECs) were cultured in plates coated with fibronectin (FN) or vitronectin (VN) and tested for migration, invasion and proliferation assays in the presence of VEGF, DisBa-01 (1000 nM) or VEGF and DisBa-01 simultaneously. Phosphorylation of αvβ3/VEGFR2 receptors and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways were analyzed by western blotting. Morphological alterations were observed and quantified by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Results DisBa-01 treatment of endothelial cells inhibited critical steps of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis such as migration, invasion and tubulogenesis. The blockage of αvβ3/VEGFR2 cross-talk by this disintegrin decreases protein expression and phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and β3 integrin subunit, regulates FAK/SrC/Paxillin downstream signals, and inhibits ERK1/2 and PI3K pathways. These events result in actin re-organization and inhibition of HUVEC migration and adhesion. Labelled-DisBa-01 colocalizes with αvβ3 integrin and VEGFR2 in treated cells. Conclusions Disintegrin inhibition of αvβ3 integrin blocks VEGFR2 signalling, even in the presence of VEGF, which impairs the angiogenic mechanism. These results improve our understanding concerning the mechanisms of pharmacological inhibition of angiogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0339-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taís M Danilucci
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Patty K Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Bianca C Pachane
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Graziéle F D Pisani
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Rafael L B Lino
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Bruna C Casali
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Wanessa F Altei
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Heloisa S Selistre-de-Araujo
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, km 235 - SP-310 - São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13565-905, Brazil.
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Bernardi L, Pinto AFM, Mendes E, Yates JR, Lamers ML. Lonomia obliqua bristle extract modulates Rac1 activation, membrane dynamics and cell adhesion properties. Toxicon 2019; 162:32-39. [PMID: 30849455 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lonomia obliqua is a caterpillar of potential therapeutic interest whose venom is able to induce severe blood leakage and modulate leukocyte migration. Since both phenotypes are associated with changes in cytoskeleton dynamics and cell adhesion properties, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of Lonomia obliqua bristle extract (LOBE) in cell adhesion and migration signaling. Proteomic analysis revealed that epithelial cells (CHO-K1) exposed to LOBE (30 μg/mL, 30 min) exhibited changes in levels of actin regulatory proteins, including RhoGTPases. These changes correlated with an increase in the activity of the RhoGTPase family member Rac as measured by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). When plated in migration promoting conditions, CHO-K1 cells exposed to LOBE (10 μg/mL) showed an increase in membrane ruffling after short (30 min) period of incubation that was accompanied by changes in the distribution of the adhesion markers paxillin, vinculin and an increase of focal adhesion kinase autophosphorylation levels (Y397), suggesting changes in cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion properties and signaling. These data suggest that LOBE possesses bioactive molecules that are capable to modulated cell migration signaling, cytoskeletal dynamics and cell-ECM properties of several cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bernardi
- Basic Research Center, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul, Brazil; Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A F M Pinto
- Clayton Foundation Peptide Biology Lab, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, USA
| | - E Mendes
- Basic Research Center, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul, Brazil
| | - J R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, USA
| | - M L Lamers
- Basic Research Center, Dentistry School, Federal University of Rio Grande of Sul, Brazil; Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Deng Z, Chai J, Zeng Q, Zhang B, Ye T, Chen X, Xu X. The anticancer properties and mechanism of action of tablysin-15, the RGD-containing disintegrin, in breast cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:1155-1167. [PMID: 30660566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
αvβ3 integrin expressed on cancer cell surfaces is associated with important cancer hallmarks including survival and metastasis and is thus a potential anticancer drug target. Tablysin-15 contains the RGD motif and is a high-affinity αvβ3 integrin antagonist. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effect and mechanism of action of tablysin-15 against αvβ3 integrin high-expressing breast cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Tablysin-15 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of two breast cancer cell lines via the αvβ3 integrin in vitro. Proliferation inhibition was attributable to G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis or necrosis. Furthermore, tablysin-15 downregulated the activity and mRNA expression of MMP-2/-9, VEGF, and COX-2 but upregulated TIMP-1/-2 mRNA in both cell lines. Further, tablysin-15 suppressed the expression of CDK2, CDK6, cyclin D1, and cyclin E, the phosphorylation of FAK, Akt, GSK-3β, and ERK, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB while increasing the expression of the CDK inhibitor p21waf1/C1. Lastly, tablysin-15 provided effective antitumor protection in vivo. Thus, tablysin-15 inhibits the metastasis and proliferation of breast cancer cells through binding αvβ3 integrin and blocking FAK-associated signaling pathways as well as nuclear translocation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jinwei Chai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qingye Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tiaofei Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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RK, the first scorpion peptide with dual disintegrin activity on α1β1 and αvβ3 integrins. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1777-1788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Oliveira ISD, Manzini RV, Ferreira IG, Cardoso IA, Bordon KDCF, Machado ART, Antunes LMG, Rosa JC, Arantes EC. Cell migration inhibition activity of a non-RGD disintegrin from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2018; 24:28. [PMID: 30377432 PMCID: PMC6195974 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-018-0167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, snake venom disintegrins have received special attention due to their potential use in anticancer therapy. Disintegrins are small and cysteine-rich proteins present in snake venoms and can interact with specific integrins to inhibit their activities in cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. These molecules, known to inhibit platelet aggregation, are also capable of interacting with certain cancer-related integrins, and may interfere in important processes involved in carcinogenesis. Therefore, disintegrin from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom was isolated, structurally characterized and evaluated for its toxicity and ability to interfere with cell proliferation and migration in MDA-MB-231, a human breast cancer cell line. METHODS Based on previous studies, disintegrin was isolated by FPLC, through two chromatographic steps, both on reversed phase C-18 columns. The isolated disintegrin was structurally characterized by Tris-Tricine-SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing. For the functional assays, MTT and wound-healing assays were performed in order to investigate cytotoxicity and effect on cell migration in vitro, respectively. RESULTS Disintegrin presented a molecular mass of 7287.4 Da and its amino acid sequence shared similarity with the disintegrin domain of P-II metalloproteases. Using functional assays, the disintegrin showed low cytotoxicity (15% and 17%, at 3 and 6 μg/mL, respectively) after 24 h of incubation and in the wound-healing assay, the disintegrin (3 μg/mL) was able to significantly inhibit cell migration (24%, p < 0.05), compared to negative control. CONCLUSION Thus, our results demonstrate that non-RGD disintegrin from C. d. collilineatus induces low cytotoxicity and inhibits migration of human breast cancer cells. Therefore, it may be a very useful molecular tool for understanding ECM-cell interaction cancer-related mechanisms involved in an important integrin family that highlights molecular aspects of tumorigenesis. Also, non-RGD disintegrin has potential to serve as an agent in anticancer therapy or adjuvant component combined with other anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Rafaella Varzoni Manzini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Isabela Gobbo Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Iara Aimê Cardoso
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Karla de Castro Figueiredo Bordon
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa
- Protein Chemistry Center and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP Brazil
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n°, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903 Brazil
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Estevão-Costa MI, Sanz-Soler R, Johanningmeier B, Eble JA. Snake venom components in medicine: From the symbolic rod of Asclepius to tangible medical research and application. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 104:94-113. [PMID: 30261311 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Both mythologically and logically, snakes have always fascinated man. Snakes have attracted both awe and fear not only because of the elegant movement of their limbless bodies, but also because of the potency of their deadly venoms. Practically, in 2017, the world health organization (WHO) listed snake envenomation as a high priority neglected disease, as snakes inflict up to 2.7 million poisonous bites, around 100.000 casualties, and about three times as many invalidities on man. The venoms of poisonous snakes are a cocktail of potent compounds which specifically and avidly target numerous essential molecules with high efficacy. The individual effects of all venom toxins integrate into lethal dysfunctions of almost any organ system. It is this efficacy and specificity of each venom component, which after analysis of its structure and activity may serve as a potential lead structure for chemical imitation. Such toxin mimetics may help in influencing a specific body function pharmaceutically for the sake of man's health. In this review article, we will give some examples of snake venom components which have spurred the development of novel pharmaceutical compounds. Moreover, we will provide examples where such snake toxin-derived mimetics are in clinical use, trials, or consideration for further pharmaceutical exploitation, especially in the fields of hemostasis, thrombosis, coagulation, and metastasis. Thus, it becomes clear why a snake captured its symbolic place at the Asclepius rod with good reason still nowadays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Inacia Estevão-Costa
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Raquel Sanz-Soler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Johanningmeier
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Kerkkamp H, Bagowski C, Kool J, van Soolingen B, Vonk FJ, Vlecken D. Whole snake venoms: Cytotoxic, anti-metastatic and antiangiogenic properties. Toxicon 2018; 150:39-49. [PMID: 29763628 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, biological and organic substances are screened in order to find a new generation of therapeutics active against cancer. Previous research has identified promising candidate peptides in snake venom. In this study, venoms from different snake species (Naja annulifera, Naja kaouthia, Ophiophagus hannah and Echis carinatus) were screened for potential anti-cancer properties using pancreatic tumour cells as the assay system. The cells were incubated with venom and then subjected to the following analyses: (i) in vitro cell death (ii) in vitro migration (iii) in vivo dissemination and (iv) in vivo angiogenesis. For the in vivo assays, the cells, after incubation and labelling, were transplanted into the yolk sac of zebrafish embryos for motility and angiogenesis. The results showed strong effects in cells treated with venoms from Ophiophagus hannah and Echis carinatus in the in vitro assays. In the in vivo assays, venom derived from Ophiophagus hannah had the most potent effects with respect to angiogenesis. These venoms might therefore be considered as candidates for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Kerkkamp
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Department of Animal Science and Health, Sylviusweg 70, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Bagowski
- Pränatal-Medizin München Frauenärzte und Humangenetiker (MVZ), Lachnerstraße 2080639, München, Germany
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1105, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Babette van Soolingen
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Department of Animal Science and Health, Sylviusweg 70, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Freek J Vonk
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Department of Animal Science and Health, Sylviusweg 70, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Vlecken
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Department of Animal Science and Health, Sylviusweg 70, P.O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Allane D, Oussedik-Oumehdi H, Harrat Z, Seve M, Laraba-Djebari F. Isolation and characterization of an anti-leishmanial disintegrin fromCerastes cerastesvenom. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dihia Allane
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
| | - Habiba Oussedik-Oumehdi
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
| | - Zoubir Harrat
- Institut Pasteur d'Algérie; Service d'Eco-Epidémiologie Parasitaire; Dely Ibrahim Algiers 16 047 Algeria
| | - Michel Seve
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie; Promethee Proteomic Platform; Grenoble France
| | - Fatima Laraba-Djebari
- USTHB, Faculty of Biological Sciences; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology; Bab Ezzouar Algiers 16111 Algeria
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Targeting Metastasis with Snake Toxins: Molecular Mechanisms. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9120390. [PMID: 29189742 PMCID: PMC5744110 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9120390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis involves the migration of cancer cells from a primary tumor to invade and establish secondary tumors in distant organs, and it is the main cause for cancer-related deaths. Currently, the conventional cytostatic drugs target the proliferation of malignant cells, being ineffective in metastatic disease. This highlights the need to find new anti-metastatic drugs. Toxins isolated from snake venoms are a natural source of potentially useful molecular scaffolds to obtain agents with anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects in cancer cells. While there is greater evidence concerning the mechanisms of cell death induction of several snake toxin classes on cancer cells; only a reduced number of toxin classes have been reported on (i.e., disintegrins/disintegrin-like proteins, C-type lectin-like proteins, C-type lectins, serinproteases, cardiotoxins, snake venom cystatins) as inhibitors of adhesion, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. Here, we discuss the anti-metastatic mechanisms of snake toxins, distinguishing three targets, which involve (1) inhibition of extracellular matrix components-dependent adhesion and migration, (2) inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and (3) inhibition of migration by alterations in the actin/cytoskeleton network.
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Ma R, Mahadevappa R, Kwok HF. Venom-based peptide therapy: insights into anti-cancer mechanism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100908-100930. [PMID: 29246030 PMCID: PMC5725072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5-year relative survival rate of all types of cancer has increased significantly over the past three decades partly due to the targeted therapy. However, still there are many targeted therapy drugs could play a role only in a portion of cancer patients with specific molecular alternation. It is necessary to continue to develop new biological agents which could be used alone and/or in combination with current FDA approved drugs to treat complex cancer diseases. Venom-based drugs have been used for hundreds of years in human history. Nevertheless, the venom-origin of the anti-cancer drug do rarely appear in the pharmaceutical market; and this is due to the fact that the mechanism of action for a large number of the venom drug such as venom-based peptide is not clearly understood. In this review, we focus on discussing some identified venom-based peptides and their anti-cancer mechanisms including the blockade of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis (hallmarks of cancer) to fulfill the gap which is hindering their use in cancer therapy. Furthermore, it also highlights the importance of immunotherapy based on venom peptide. Overall, this review provides readers for further understanding the mechanism of venom peptide and elaborates on the need to explore peptide-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Ravikiran Mahadevappa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
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Monteiro DA, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Tavares D, Fernandes MN, Kalinin AL, Rantin FT. Alternagin-C (ALT-C), a Disintegrin-Like Cys-Rich Protein Isolated from the Venom of the Snake Rhinocerophis alternatus, Stimulates Angiogenesis and Antioxidant Defenses in the Liver of Freshwater Fish, Hoplias malabaricus. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9100307. [PMID: 28956818 PMCID: PMC5666354 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternagin-C (ALT-C) is a disintegrin-like protein isolated from Rhinocerophis alternatus snake venom, which induces endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic effects of a single dose of alternagin-C (0.5 mg·kg−1, via intra-arterial) on oxidative stress biomarkers, histological alterations, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, and the degree of vascularization in the liver of the freshwater fish traíra, Hoplias malabaricus, seven days after the initiation of therapy. ALT-C treatment increased VEGF levels and hepatic angiogenesis. ALT-C also enhanced hepatic antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, decreasing the basal oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in the fish liver. These results indicate that ALT-C improved hepatic tissue and may play a crucial role in tissue regeneration mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Amaral Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | | | - Driele Tavares
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Narciso Fernandes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia Kalinin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Tadeu Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
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Karthik R, Manigandan V, Ebenezar KK, Vijayashree R, Saravanan R. In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of posterior salivary gland toxin from the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis, Ehrenberg (1831). Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Montenegro CF, Casali BC, Lino RLB, Pachane BC, Santos PK, Horwitz AR, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Lamers ML. Inhibition of αvβ3 integrin induces loss of cell directionality of oral squamous carcinoma cells (OSCC). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176226. [PMID: 28437464 PMCID: PMC5402964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The connective tissue formed by extracellular matrix (ECM) rich in fibronectin and collagen consists a barrier that cancer cells have to overpass to reach blood vessels and then a metastatic site. Cell adhesion to fibronectin is mediated by αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins through an RGD motif present in this ECM protein, thus making these receptors key targets for cell migration studies. Here we investigated the effect of an RGD disintegrin, DisBa-01, on the migration of human fibroblasts (BJ) and oral squamous cancer cells (OSCC, SCC25) on a fibronectin-rich environment. Time-lapse images were acquired on fibronectin-coated glass-bottomed dishes. Migration speed and directionality analysis indicated that OSCC cells, but not fibroblasts, showed significant decrease in both parameters in the presence of DisBa-01 (1μM and 2μM). Integrin expression levels of the α5, αv and β3 subunits were similar in both cell lines, while β1 subunit is present in lower levels on the cancer cells. Next, we examined whether the effects of DisBa-01 were related to changes in adhesion properties by using paxillin immunostaining and total internal reflection fluorescence TIRF microscopy. OSCCs in the presence of DisBa-01 showed increased adhesion sizes and number of maturing adhesion. The same parameters were analyzed usingβ3-GFP overexpressing cells and showed that β3 overexpression restored cell migration velocity and the number of maturing adhesion that were altered by DisBa-01. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that DisBa-01 has 100x higher affinity for αvβ3 integrin than forα5β1 integrin. In conclusion, our results suggest that the αvβ3 integrin is the main receptor involved in cell directionality and its blockage may be an interesting alternative against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntia F. Montenegro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
| | - Bruna C. Casali
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
| | - Rafael L. B. Lino
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
| | - Bianca C. Pachane
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
| | - Patty K. Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
| | - Alan R. Horwitz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Heloisa S. Selistre-de-Araujo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center of Biological and Health Science, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luis, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil, CEP
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcelo L. Lamers
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, CEP
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de Queiroz MR, de Sousa BB, da Cunha Pereira DF, Mamede CCN, Matias MS, de Morais NCG, de Oliveira Costa J, de Oliveira F. The role of platelets in hemostasis and the effects of snake venom toxins on platelet function. Toxicon 2017; 133:33-47. [PMID: 28435120 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The human body has a set of physiological processes, known as hemostasis, which keeps the blood fluid and free of clots in normal vessels; in the case of vascular injury, this process induces the local formation of a hemostatic plug, preventing hemorrhage. The hemostatic system in humans presents complex physiological interactions that involve platelets, plasma proteins, endothelial and subendothelial structures. Disequilibrium in the regulatory mechanisms that control the growth and the size of the thrombus is one of the factors that favors the development of diseases related to vascular disorders such as myocardial infarction and stroke, which are among the leading causes of death in the western world. Interfering with platelet function is a strategy for the treatment of thrombotic diseases. Antiplatelet drugs are used mainly in cases related to arterial thrombosis and interfere in the formation of the platelet plug by different mechanisms. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is the oldest and most widely used antithrombotic drug. Although highly effective in most cases, aspirin has limitations compared to other drugs used in the treatment of homeostatic disorders. For this reason, research related to molecules that interfere with platelet aggregation are of great relevance. In this regard, snake venoms are known to contain a number of molecules that interfere with hemostasis, including platelet function. The mechanisms by which snake venom components inhibit or activate platelet aggregation are varied and can be used as tools for the diagnosis and the treatment of several hemostatic disorders. The aim of this review is to present the role of platelets in hemostasis and the mechanisms by which snake venom toxins interfere with platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Ribeiro de Queiroz
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barbosa de Sousa
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Cristine Neves Mamede
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Matias
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Júnia de Oliveira Costa
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Guimarães DDO, Lopes DS, Azevedo FVPV, Gimenes SNC, Silva MA, Achê DC, Gomes MSR, Vecchi L, Goulart LR, Yoneyama KAG, Rodrigues RS, Rodrigues VDM. In vitro antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of Bothropoidin, a metalloproteinase from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:770-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gutierrez DA, Aranda AS, Carrillo DAR, Koshlaychuk MA, Sanchez EE, Lucena SE, Soto JG. Functional analysis of four single (RGDWL, RGDWM, RGDWP, RGDMN) and two double (RGDNM, RGDMP) mutants: The importance of methionine (M) in the functional potency of recombinant mojastin (r-Moj). Toxicon 2016; 124:1-7. [PMID: 27816535 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated in previous studies that a single amino acid change can alter the activity of the recombinant disintegrin r-Moj. In this study, four r-Moj recombinants containing single mutations (r-Moj-WL, r-Moj-WM, r-Moj-WP, r-Moj-MN) and two containing double mutations (r-Moj-MP and r-Moj-NM) at the binding loop were produced, purified, and tested. All r-Moj-W_, r-Moj-M_, and r-Moj-NM mutant peptides inhibited platelet aggregation at higher potency than r-Moj-D_ mutants. Five of the seven r-Moj peptides inhibited angiogenesis at different levels. Two of the mutant peptides with a methionine at the second position carboxyl of the RGD (r-Moj-WM and r-Moj-NM) were the strongest angiogenesis inhibitors, with r-Moj-WM being the most potent. Recombinant r-Moj-MP and r-Moj-WN failed to inhibit angiogenesis. Only the r-Moj-MP mutant peptide induced apoptosis of SK-Mel-28 cells significantly (p = 0.001). This was confirmed by chromatin condensation. Proliferation of SK-Mel-28 cells was inhibited at high levels (>70%) by all r-Moj mutant peptides. Recombinant r-Moj-MN and r-Moj-WN failed to inhibit cell migration significantly (p > 0.5). Recombinant r-Moj-NM was the strongest cell migration inhibitor (98% ± 0.69), followed by r-Moj-MP (80% ± 2.87), and r-Moj-WM (61.8% ± 5.45). The lowest inhibitor was r-Moj-WL (50% ± 12.16). Our functional data suggest that the most potent r-Moj disintegrins contain a methionine in the first or the second position carboxyl to the RGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Gutierrez
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - Ana S Aranda
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - David A R Carrillo
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - Melissa A Koshlaychuk
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States
| | - Elda E Sanchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States
| | - Sara E Lucena
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States
| | - Julio G Soto
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, United States.
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Metalloproteases Affecting Blood Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Platelet Aggregation from Snake Venoms: Definition and Nomenclature of Interaction Sites. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8100284. [PMID: 27690102 PMCID: PMC5086644 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake venom metalloproteases, in addition to their contribution to the digestion of the prey, affect various physiological functions by cleaving specific proteins. They exhibit their activities through activation of zymogens of coagulation factors, and precursors of integrins or receptors. Based on their structure–function relationships and mechanism of action, we have defined classification and nomenclature of functional sites of proteases. These metalloproteases are useful as research tools and in diagnosis and treatment of various thrombotic and hemostatic conditions. They also contribute to our understanding of molecular details in the activation of specific factors involved in coagulation, platelet aggregation and matrix biology. This review provides a ready reference for metalloproteases that interfere in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet aggregation.
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McBride TD, Andrew U, Ly N, Soto JG. RNA sequence analyses of r-Moj-DM treated cells: TXNIP is required to induce apoptosis of SK-Mel-28. Toxicon 2016; 121:1-9. [PMID: 27567705 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA sequencing of untreated and r-Moj-DM treated SK-Mel-28 cells was performed after 6 h, to begin unraveling the apoptotic pathway induced by r-Moj-DM. Bioinformatic analyses of RNA sequencing data yielded 40 genes that were differentially expressed. Nine genes were upregulated and 31 were downregulated. qRT-PCR was used to validate differential expression of 13 genes with known survival or apoptotic-inducing activities. Expression of BNiP3, IGFBP3, PTPSF, Prune 2, TGF-ß, and TXNIP were compared from cells treated with r-Moj-DN (a strong apoptotic inducer) or r-Moj-DA (a non-apoptotic inducer) for 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 6 h after treatment. Our results demonstrate that significant differences in expression are only detected after 4 h of treatment. In addition, expression of TXNIP (an apoptotic inducer) remains elevated at 4 h and 6 h only in r-Moj-DN treated cells. Based on the consistency of elevated TXNIP expression, we further studied TXNIP as a novel target of disintegrin activation. Confocal microscopy of anti-TXNIP stained SK-Mel-28 cells suggests nuclear localization of TXNIP after r-Moj-DM treatment. A stable TXNIP knockdown SK-Mel-28 cell line was produced to test TXNIP' role in the apoptotic induction by r-Moj-DM. High cell viability (74.3% ±9.1) was obtained after r-Moj-DM treatment of TXNIP knocked down SK-Mel-28 cells, compared to 34% ±0.187 for untransduced cells. These results suggest that TXNIP is required early in the apoptotic-inducing pathway resulting from r-Moj-DM binding to the αv integrin subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri D McBride
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - U Andrew
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Nicko Ly
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Julio G Soto
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA.
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Chaisakul J, Hodgson WC, Kuruppu S, Prasongsook N. Effects of Animal Venoms and Toxins on Hallmarks of Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:1571-8. [PMID: 27471574 PMCID: PMC4964142 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms are a cocktail of proteins and peptides, targeting vital physiological processes. Venoms have evolved to assist in the capture and digestion of prey. Key venom components often include neurotoxins, myotoxins, cardiotoxins, hematoxins and catalytic enzymes. The pharmacological activities of venom components have been investigated as a source of potential therapeutic agents. Interestingly, a number of animal toxins display profound anticancer effects. These include toxins purified from snake, bee and scorpion venoms effecting cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptotic activity and neovascularization. Indeed, the mechanism behind the anticancer effect of certain toxins is similar to that of agents currently used in chemotherapy. For example, Lebein is a snake venom disintegrin which generates anti-angiogenic effects by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). In this review article, we highlight the biological activities of animal toxins on the multiple steps of tumour formation or hallmarks of cancer. We also discuss recent progress in the discovery of lead compounds for anticancer drug development from venom components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeyuth Chaisakul
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wayne C Hodgson
- 2. Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sanjaya Kuruppu
- 2. Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.; 3. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Naiyarat Prasongsook
- 4. Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Lebein, a Snake Venom Disintegrin, Induces Apoptosis in Human Melanoma Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8070206. [PMID: 27399772 PMCID: PMC4963839 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the most threatening form of skin cancer, has a very poor prognosis and is characterized by its very invasive and chemoresistant properties. Despite the recent promising news from the field of immunotherapy, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic approaches that are free of resistance mechanisms and side effects. Anti-neoplasic properties have been highlighted for different disintegrins from snake venom including Lebein; however, the exact effect of Lebein on melanoma has not yet been defined. In this study, we showed that Lebein blocks melanoma cell proliferation and induces a more differentiated phenotype with inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) overexpression. Melanoma cells became detached but were less invasive with upregulation of E-cadherin after Lebein exposure. Lebein induced a caspase-independent apoptotic program with apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) and Bim overexpression together with downregulation of B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2). It generated a distinct response in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and p53 levels depending on the p53 cell line status (wild type or mutant). Therefore, we propose Lebein as a new candidate for development of potential therapies for melanoma.
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Chan YS, Cheung RCF, Xia L, Wong JH, Ng TB, Chan WY. Snake venom toxins: toxicity and medicinal applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6165-6181. [PMID: 27245678 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Snake venoms are complex mixtures of small molecules and peptides/proteins, and most of them display certain kinds of bioactivities. They include neurotoxic, cytotoxic, cardiotoxic, myotoxic, and many different enzymatic activities. Snake envenomation is a significant health issue as millions of snakebites are reported annually. A large number of people are injured and die due to snake venom poisoning. However, several fatal snake venom toxins have found potential uses as diagnostic tools, therapeutic agent, or drug leads. In this review, different non-enzymatically active snake venom toxins which have potential therapeutic properties such as antitumor, antimicrobial, anticoagulating, and analgesic activities will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yau Sang Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Ave 3688, 518060, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Ramos CJ, Gutierrez DA, Aranda AS, Koshlaychuk MA, Carrillo DA, Medrano R, McBride TD, U A, Medina SM, Lombardo MC, Lucena SE, Sanchez EE, Soto JG. Functional characterization of six aspartate (D) recombinant mojastin mutants (r-Moj): A second aspartate amino acid carboxyl to the RGD in r-Moj-D_ peptides is not sufficient to induce apoptosis of SK-Mel-28 cells. Toxicon 2016; 118:36-42. [PMID: 27105671 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Disintegrins are small peptides produced in viper venom that act as integrin antagonists. When bound to integrins, disintegrins induce altered cellular behaviors, such as apoptotic induction. Disintegrins with RGDDL or RGDDM motifs induce apoptosis of normal and cancer cells. We hypothesized that a second aspartate (D) carboxyl to the RGD is sufficient to induce apoptosis. Five recombinant mojastin D mutants were produced by site-directed mutagenesis (r-Moj-DA, r-Moj-DG, r-Moj-DL, r-Moj-DN, and r-Moj-DV). Stable αv integrin knockdown and shRNA scrambled control SK-Mel-28 cell lines were produced to test a second hypothesis: r-Moj-D_ peptides bind to αv integrin. Only r-Moj-DL, r-Moj-DM, and r-Moj-DN induced apoptosis of SK-Mel-28 cells (at 29.4%, 25.6%, and 36.2%, respectively). Apoptotic induction was significantly reduced in SK-Mel-28 cells with a stable αv integrin knockdown (to 2%, 17%, and 2%, respectively), but not in SK-Mel-28 cells with a stable scrambled shRNA. All six r-Moj-D_ peptides inhibited cell proliferation; ranging from 49.56% (r-Moj-DN) to 75.6% (r-Moj-DA). Cell proliferation inhibition by r-Moj-D_ peptides was significantly reduced in SK-Mel-28 cells with a stable αv integrin knockdown. All six r-Moj-D_ peptides inhibited SK-Mel-28 cell migration at high levels (69%-100%). As a consequence, rac-1 mRNA expression levels were significantly reduced as early as 1 h after treatment, suggesting that rac-1 is involved in the cell migration activity of SK-Mel-28.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J Ramos
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Daniel A Gutierrez
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Ana S Aranda
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Melissa A Koshlaychuk
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - David A Carrillo
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Rafael Medrano
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Terri D McBride
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Andrew U
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Stephanie M Medina
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Melissa C Lombardo
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA
| | - Sara E Lucena
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Elda E Sanchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Julio G Soto
- Biological Sciences Department, San José State University, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0100, USA.
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Distal M domain of cobra ADAM-like metalloproteinase mediates the binding of positively charged cysteine-rich domain to αvβ3 integrin in the suppression of cell migration. Toxicon 2016; 118:1-12. [PMID: 27090013 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have previously identified two new P-III type ADAM-like snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), i.e., atragin and kaouthiagin-like, from Taiwan cobra venom and determined their 3D structures with a distinct C- and I-shaped metalloproteinase/disintegrin-like/cysteine-rich (MDC) modular architecture. Herein, we investigated their functional targets to elucidate the role of cobra SVMPs in perturbing wound healing in snakebite victims. We showed that the non-RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) C-shaped SVMP atragin binds about ten-fold stronger than the RGD-containing I-shaped SVMP kaouthiagin-like to αvβ3 integrin in the surface-immobilized form. Atragin binds to αvβ3 integrin through a novel interaction mode involving distal M and C domains via the RRN sequence motif in the hyper variable loop. In a cell adhesion assay, the adhesion of fibroblasts to atragin was mediated by αvβ3 integrin. Furthermore, atragin inhibited wound healing and suppressed cell migration in a αvβ3 integrin-dependent manner. These results, together with our previous demonstration of non-cytotoxic cobra CTX A5 in targeting αvβ3 integrin, suggest that cobra venom consists of several non-RGD toxins with integrin-binding specificity that could perturb wound healing in snakebite victims.
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Hussein HAM, Walker LR, Akula SM. KSHV gB associated RGD interactions promote attachment of cells by inhibiting the potential migratory signals induced by the disintegrin-like domain. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:148. [PMID: 26912031 PMCID: PMC4766674 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) glycoprotein B (gB) is not only expressed on the envelope of mature virions but also on the surfaces of cells undergoing lytic replication. Among herpesviruses, KSHV gB is the only glycoprotein known to possess the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) binding integrin domain critical to mediating cell attachment. Recent studies described gB to also possess a disintegrin-like domain (DLD) said to interact with non-RGD binding integrins. We wanted to decipher the roles of two individually distinct integrin binding domains (RGD versus DLD) within KSHV gB in regulating attachment of cells over cell migration. Methods We established HeLa cells expressing recombinant full length gB, gB lacking a functional RGD (gBΔR), and gB lacking a functionally intact DLD (gBΔD) on their cell surfaces. These cells were tested in wound healing assay, Transwell migration assay, and adhesion assay to monitor the ability of the RGD and DLD integrin recognition motifs in gB to mediate migration and attachment of cells. We also used soluble forms of the respective gB recombinant proteins to analyze and confirm their effect on migration and attachment of cells. The results from the above studies were authenticated by the use of imaging, and standard biochemical approaches as Western blotting and RNA silencing using small interfering RNA. Results The present report provides the following novel findings: (i) gB does not induce cell migration; (ii) RGD domain in KSHV gB is the switch that inhibits the ability of DLD to induce cellular migration thus promoting attachment of cells. Conclusions Independently, RGD interactions mediate attachment of cells while DLD interactions regulate migration of cells. However, when both RGD and DLD are functionally present in the same protein, gB, the RGD interaction-induced attachment of cells overshadows the ability of DLD mediated signaling to induce migration of cells. Furthering our understanding of the molecular mechanism of integrin engagement with RGD and DLD motifs within gB could identify promising new therapeutic avenues and research areas to explore. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2173-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosni A M Hussein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Lia R Walker
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Shaw M Akula
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
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49
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Monteiro DA, Kalinin AL, Selistre-de-Araujo HS, Vasconcelos ES, Rantin FT. Alternagin-C (ALT-C), a disintegrin-like protein from Rhinocerophis alternatus snake venom promotes positive inotropism and chronotropism in fish heart. Toxicon 2015; 110:1-11. [PMID: 26615089 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alternagin-C (ALT-C) is a disintegrin-like protein purified from the venom of the snake, Rhinocerophis alternatus. Recent studies showed that ALT-C is able to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, endothelial cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis and to increase myoblast viability. This peptide, therefore, can play a crucial role in tissue regeneration mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose of alternagin-C (0.5 mg kg(-1), via intra-arterial) on in vitro cardiac function of the freshwater fish traíra, Hoplias malabaricus, after 7 days. ALT-C treatment increased the cardiac performance promoting: 1) significant increases in the contraction force and in the rates of contraction and relaxation with concomitant decreases in the values of time to the peak tension and time to half- and 90% relaxation; 2) improvement in the cardiac pumping capacity and maximal electrical stimulation frequency, shifting the optimum frequency curve upward and to the right; 3) increases in myocardial VEGF levels and expression of key Ca(2+)-cycling proteins such as SERCA (sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase), PLB (phospholamban), and NCX (Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger); 4) abolishment of the typical negative force-frequency relationship of fish myocardium. In conclusion, this study indicates that ALT-C improves cardiac function, by increasing Ca(2+) handling efficiency leading to a positive inotropism and chronotropism. The results suggest that ALT-C may lead to better cardiac output regulation indicating its potential application in therapies for cardiac contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A L Kalinin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H S Selistre-de-Araujo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E S Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F T Rantin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Jiang Q, Liu Y, Duan D, Gou M, Wang H, Wang J, Li Q, Xiao R. Anti-angiogenic activities of CRBGP from buccal glands of lampreys (Lampetra japonica). Biochimie 2015; 123:7-19. [PMID: 26616010 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), characterized by 16 conserved cysteines, are distributed in a wide range of organisms, such as secernenteas, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. In the previous studies, a novel CRISP family member (cysteine-rich buccal gland protein, CRBGP) was separated from the buccal gland of lampreys (Lampetra japonica, L. japonica). Lamprey CRBGP could not only suppress depolarization-induced contraction of rat tail arterial smooth muscle, but also block voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). In the present study, the anti-angiogenic activities of lamprey CRBGP were investigated using endothelial cells and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) models. In vitro assays, lamprey CRBGP is able to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) apoptosis by disturbing the calcium homeostasis and mitochondria functions. In addition, lamprey CRBGP could inhibit proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion and tube formation of HUVECs by affecting the organization of F-actin and expression level of matrix metallo-proteinase 2 (MMP-2), matrix metallo-proteinase 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) which are related to angiogenesis. In vivo assays, lamprey CRBGP could suppress the blood vessel formation in CAM models. Therefore, lamprey CRBGP is an important protein present in the buccal gland of lampreys and might help lampreys suppress the contraction of blood vessels, nociceptive responses and wound healing of host fishes during their feeding time. In addition, lamprey CRBGP might have the potential to act as an effective anti-angiogenic factor for the treatment of abnormal angiogenesis induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Dandan Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Meng Gou
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Jihong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Qingwei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China.
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China.
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