1
|
Sharafutdinov I, Friedrich B, Rottner K, Backert S, Tegtmeyer N. Cortactin: A major cellular target of viral, protozoal, and fungal pathogens. Mol Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38868928 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Many viral, protozoal, and fungal pathogens represent major human and animal health problems due to their great potential of causing infectious diseases. Research on these pathogens has contributed substantially to our current understanding of both microbial virulence determinants and host key factors during infection. Countless studies have also shed light on the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions that are employed by these microbes. For example, actin cytoskeletal dynamics play critical roles in effective adhesion, host cell entry, and intracellular movements of intruding pathogens. Cortactin is an eminent host cell protein that stimulates actin polymerization and signal transduction, and recently emerged as fundamental player during host-pathogen crosstalk. Here we review the important role of cortactin as major target for various prominent viral, protozoal and fungal pathogens in humans, and its role in human disease development and cancer progression. Most if not all of these important classes of pathogens have been reported to hijack cortactin during infection through mediating up- or downregulation of cortactin mRNA and protein expression as well as signaling. In particular, pathogen-induced changes in tyrosine and serine phosphorylation status of cortactin at its major phospho-sites (Y-421, Y-470, Y-486, S-113, S-298, S-405, and S-418) are addressed. As has been reported for various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, many pathogenic viruses, protozoa, and fungi also control these regulatory phospho-sites, for example, by activating kinases such as Src, PAK, ERK1/2, and PKD, which are known to phosphorylate cortactin. In addition, the recruitment of cortactin and its interaction partners, like the Arp2/3 complex and F-actin, to the contact sites between pathogens and host cells is highlighted, as this plays an important role in the infection process and internalization of several pathogens. However, there are also other ways in which the pathogens can exploit the function of cortactin for their needs, as the cortactin-mediated regulation of cellular processes is complex and involves numerous different interaction partners. Here, the current state of knowledge is summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Sharafutdinov
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Friedrich
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klemens Rottner
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Department of Biology, Division of Microbiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Sehl ME, Shih R, Breen EC, Li F, Lu AT, Bream JH, Duggal P, Martinson J, Wolinsky SM, Martinez-Maza O, Ramirez CM, Horvath S, Jamieson BD. Effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation on epigenomic DNA methylation in persons living with HIV. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2024; 4:1357889. [PMID: 38855142 PMCID: PMC11157437 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2024.1357889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) helps improve some measures of accelerated epigenetic aging in persons living with HIV (PLWH), but its overall impact on the epigenome is not fully understood. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the DNA methylation profiles of PLWH (n = 187) shortly before and approximately 2-3 years after they started HAART, as well as matched seronegative (SN) controls (n = 187), taken at two time intervals. Our aim was to identify specific CpGs and biologic pathways associated with HIV infection and initiation of HAART. Additionally, we attempted to identify epigenetic changes associated with HAART initiation that were independent of HIV-associated changes, using matched HIV seronegative (SN) controls (matched on age, hepatitis C status, and interval between visits) to identify CpGs that did not differ between PLWH and SN pre-HAART but were significantly associated with HAART initiation while being unrelated to HIV viral load. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) on >850,000 CpG sites were performed using pre- and post-HAART samples from PLWH. The results were then annotated using the Genomic Regions Enrichment of Annotations Tool (GREAT). Results: When only pre- and post-HAART visits in PLWH were compared, gene ontologies related to immune function and diseases related to immune function were significant, though with less significance for PLWH with detectable HIV viral loads (>50 copies/mL) at the post-HAART visit. To specifically elucidate the effects of HAART separately from HIV-induced methylation changes, we performed EWAS of HAART while also controlling for HIV viral load, and found gene ontologies associated with transplant rejection, transplant-related diseases, and other immunologic signatures. Additionally, we performed a more focused analysis that examined CpGs reaching genome-wide significance (p < 1 × 10-7) from the viral load-controlled EWAS that did not differ between all PLWH and matched SN controls pre-HAART. These CpGs were found to be near genes that play a role in retroviral drug metabolism, diffuse large B cell lymphoma proliferation, and gastric cancer metastasis. Discussion: Overall, this study provides insight into potential biological functions associated with DNA methylation changes induced by HAART initiation in persons living with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mary E. Sehl
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Roger Shih
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Crabb Breen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fengxue Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ake T. Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jay H. Bream
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Immunology Training Program, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Priya Duggal
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jeremy Martinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Steven M. Wolinsky
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Otoniel Martinez-Maza
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christina M. Ramirez
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Altos Labs, San Diego Institute of Science, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Beth D. Jamieson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Johansson E, Nazziwa J, Freyhult E, Hong MG, Lindman J, Neptin M, Karlson S, Rezeli M, Biague AJ, Medstrand P, Månsson F, Norrgren H, Esbjörnsson J, Jansson M. HIV-2 mediated effects on target and bystander cells induce plasma proteome remodeling. iScience 2024; 27:109344. [PMID: 38500818 PMCID: PMC10945182 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite low or undetectable plasma viral load, people living with HIV-2 (PLWH2) typically progress toward AIDS. The driving forces behind HIV-2 disease progression and the role of viremia are still not known, but low-level replication in tissues is believed to play a role. To investigate the impact of viremic and aviremic HIV-2 infection on target and bystander cell pathology, we used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to determine plasma signatures of tissue and cell type engagement. Proteins derived from target and bystander cells in multiple tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain, were detected at elevated levels in plasma of PLWH2, compared with HIV negative controls. Moreover, viremic HIV-2 infection appeared to induce enhanced release of proteins from a broader range of tissues compared to aviremic HIV-2 infection. This study expands the knowledge on the link between plasma proteome remodeling and the pathological cell engagement in tissues during HIV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Johansson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jamirah Nazziwa
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Freyhult
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mun-Gwan Hong
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Lindman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Neptin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Karlson
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- BioMS – Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik Medstrand
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Månsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Norrgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joakim Esbjörnsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marianne Jansson
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - for the SWEGUB CORE group
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- BioMS – Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- National Public Health Laboratory, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Crater JM, Dunn D, Nixon DF, O’Brien RLF. HIV-1 Mediated Cortical Actin Disruption Mirrors ARP2/3 Defects Found in Primary T Cell Immunodeficiencies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.27.550856. [PMID: 38405733 PMCID: PMC10888893 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
During cell movement, cortical actin balances mechanical and osmotic forces to maintain cell function while providing the scaffold for cell shape. Migrating CD4+ T cells have a polarized structure with a leading edge containing dynamic branched and linear F-actin structures that bridge intracellular components to surface adhesion molecules. These actin structures are complemented with a microtubular network beaded with membrane bound organelles in the trailing uropod. Disruption of actin structures leads to dysregulated migration and changes in morphology of affected cells. In HIV-1 infection, CD4+ T cells have dysregulated movement. However, the precise mechanisms by which HIV-1 affects CD4+ T cell movement are unknown. Here, we show that HIV-1 infection of primary CD4+ T cells causes at least four progressive morphological differences as a result of virally induced cortical cytoskeleton disruption, shown by ultrastructural and time lapse imaging. Infection with a ΔNef virus partially abrogated the dysfunctional phenotype in infected cells and partially restored a wild-type shape. The pathological morphologies after HIV-1 infection phenocopy leukocytes which contain genetic determinants of specific T cell Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) or Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID) that affect the actin cytoskeleton. To identify potential actin regulatory pathways that may be linked to the morphological deformities, uninfected CD4+ T cell morphology was characterized following addition of small molecule chemical inhibitors. The ARP2/3 inhibitor CK-666 recapitulated three of the four abnormal morphologies we observed in HIV-1 infected cells. Restoring ARP2/3 function and cortical actin integrity in people living with HIV-1 infection is a new avenue of investigation to eradicate HIV-1 infected cells from the body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Crater
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas F. Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert L. Furler O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li XM, Wang SP, Wang JY, Tang T, Wan B, Zeng L, Wang J, Chu BB, Yang GY, Pan JJ. RhoA suppresses pseudorabies virus replication in vitro. Virol J 2023; 20:264. [PMID: 37968757 PMCID: PMC10652432 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the most devastating pathogens and brings great economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Viruses are intracellular parasites that have evolved numerous strategies to subvert and utilize different host processes for their life cycle. Among the different systems of the host cell, the cytoskeleton is one of the most important which not only facilitate viral invasion and spread into neighboring cells, but also help viruses to evade the host immune system. RhoA is a key regulator of cytoskeleton system that may participate in virus infection. In this study, we characterized the function of RhoA in the PRV replication by chemical drugs treatment, gene knockdown and gene over-expression strategy. Inhibition of RhoA by specific inhibitor and gene knockdown promoted PRV proliferation. On the contrary, overexpression of RhoA or activation of RhoA by chemical drug inhibited PRV infection. Besides, our data demonstrated that PRV infection induced the disruption of actin stress fiber, which was consistent with previous report. In turn, the actin specific inhibitor cytochalasin D markedly disrupted the normal fibrous structure of intracellular actin cytoskeleton and decreased the PRV replication, suggesting that actin cytoskeleton polymerization contributed to PRV replication in vitro. In summary, our data displayed that RhoA was a host restriction factor that inhibited PRV replication, which may deepen our understanding the pathogenesis of PRV and provide further insight into the prevention of PRV infection and the development of anti-viral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Man Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shi-Ping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jin-Yuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ting Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bo Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450047, China
| | - Jia-Jia Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dibsy R, Bremaud E, Mak J, Favard C, Muriaux D. HIV-1 diverts cortical actin for particle assembly and release. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6945. [PMID: 37907528 PMCID: PMC10618566 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses assemble and bud from the host cell membranes. Any role of cortical actin in these processes have often been a source of debate. Here, we assessed if cortical actin was involved in HIV-1 assembly in infected CD4 T lymphocytes. Our results show that preventing actin branching not only increases HIV-1 particle release but also the number of individual HIV-1 Gag assembly clusters at the T cell plasma membrane. Indeed, in infected T lymphocytes and in in vitro quantitative model systems, we show that HIV-1 Gag protein prefers areas deficient in F-actin for assembling. Finally, we found that the host factor Arpin, an inhibitor of Arp2/3 branched actin, is recruited at the membrane of infected T cells and it can associate with the viral Gag protein. Altogether, our data show that, for virus assembly and particle release, HIV-1 prefers low density of cortical actin and may favor local actin debranching by subverting Arpin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Dibsy
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Erwan Bremaud
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Johnson Mak
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cyril Favard
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cabrera-Rodríguez R, Pérez-Yanes S, Lorenzo-Sánchez I, Trujillo-González R, Estévez-Herrera J, García-Luis J, Valenzuela-Fernández A. HIV Infection: Shaping the Complex, Dynamic, and Interconnected Network of the Cytoskeleton. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13104. [PMID: 37685911 PMCID: PMC10487602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 has evolved a plethora of strategies to overcome the cytoskeletal barrier (i.e., actin and intermediate filaments (AFs and IFs) and microtubules (MTs)) to achieve the viral cycle. HIV-1 modifies cytoskeletal organization and dynamics by acting on associated adaptors and molecular motors to productively fuse, enter, and infect cells and then traffic to the cell surface, where virions assemble and are released to spread infection. The HIV-1 envelope (Env) initiates the cycle by binding to and signaling through its main cell surface receptors (CD4/CCR5/CXCR4) to shape the cytoskeleton for fusion pore formation, which permits viral core entry. Then, the HIV-1 capsid is transported to the nucleus associated with cytoskeleton tracks under the control of specific adaptors/molecular motors, as well as HIV-1 accessory proteins. Furthermore, HIV-1 drives the late stages of the viral cycle by regulating cytoskeleton dynamics to assure viral Pr55Gag expression and transport to the cell surface, where it assembles and buds to mature infectious virions. In this review, we therefore analyze how HIV-1 generates a cell-permissive state to infection by regulating the cytoskeleton and associated factors. Likewise, we discuss the relevance of this knowledge to understand HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis in patients and to develop therapeutic strategies to battle HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Cabrera-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Silvia Pérez-Yanes
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Iria Lorenzo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Rodrigo Trujillo-González
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
- Analysis Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain
| | - Judith Estévez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Jonay García-Luis
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| | - Agustín Valenzuela-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular y Viral, Unidad de Farmacología, Sección de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Spain; (R.C.-R.); (S.P.-Y.); (I.L.-S.); (R.T.-G.); (J.E.-H.); (J.G.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alvarez-Rivera E, Rodríguez-Valentín M, Boukli NM. The Antiviral Compound PSP Inhibits HIV-1 Entry via PKR-Dependent Activation in Monocytic Cells. Viruses 2023; 15:804. [PMID: 36992512 PMCID: PMC10051440 DOI: 10.3390/v15030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin depolymerization factor (ADF) cofilin-1 is a key cytoskeleton component that serves to lessen cortical actin. HIV-1 manipulates cofilin-1 regulation as a pre- and post-entry requisite. Disruption of ADF signaling is associated with denial of entry. The unfolded protein response (UPR) marker Inositol-Requiring Enzyme-1α (IRE1α) and interferon-induced protein (IFN-IP) double-stranded RNA- activated protein kinase (PKR) are reported to overlap with actin components. In our published findings, Coriolus versicolor bioactive extract polysaccharide peptide (PSP) has demonstrated anti-HIV replicative properties in THP1 monocytic cells. However, its involvement towards viral infectivity has not been elucidated before. In the present study, we examined the roles of PKR and IRE1α in cofilin-1 phosphorylation and its HIV-1 restrictive roles in THP1. HIV-1 p24 antigen was measured through infected supernatant to determine PSP's restrictive potential. Quantitative proteomics was performed to analyze cytoskeletal and UPR regulators. PKR, IRE1α, and cofilin-1 biomarkers were measured through immunoblots. Validation of key proteome markers was done through RT-qPCR. PKR/IRE1α inhibitors were used to validate viral entry and cofilin-1 phosphorylation through Western blots. Our findings show that PSP treatment before infection leads to an overall lower infectivity. Additionally, PKR and IRE1α show to be key regulators in cofilin-1 phosphorylation and viral restriction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Alvarez-Rivera
- Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamόn, PR 00960, USA
| | | | - Nawal M. Boukli
- Biomedical Proteomics Facility, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, Bayamόn, PR 00960, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Villalonga E, Mosrin C, Normand T, Girardin C, Serrano A, Žunar B, Doudeau M, Godin F, Bénédetti H, Vallée B. LIM Kinases, LIMK1 and LIMK2, Are Crucial Node Actors of the Cell Fate: Molecular to Pathological Features. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050805. [PMID: 36899941 PMCID: PMC10000741 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) and LIM kinase 2 (LIMK2) are serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases and the only two members of the LIM kinase family. They play a crucial role in the regulation of cytoskeleton dynamics by controlling actin filaments and microtubule turnover, especially through the phosphorylation of cofilin, an actin depolymerising factor. Thus, they are involved in many biological processes, such as cell cycle, cell migration, and neuronal differentiation. Consequently, they are also part of numerous pathological mechanisms, especially in cancer, where their involvement has been reported for a few years and has led to the development of a wide range of inhibitors. LIMK1 and LIMK2 are known to be part of the Rho family GTPase signal transduction pathways, but many more partners have been discovered over the decades, and both LIMKs are suspected to be part of an extended and various range of regulation pathways. In this review, we propose to consider the different molecular mechanisms involving LIM kinases and their associated signalling pathways, and to offer a better understanding of their variety of actions within the physiology and physiopathology of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Villalonga
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Christine Mosrin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Thierry Normand
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Caroline Girardin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Amandine Serrano
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Bojan Žunar
- Laboratory for Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Michel Doudeau
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Fabienne Godin
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Hélène Bénédetti
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Béatrice Vallée
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire; UPR4301, CNRS, University of Orleans and INSERM, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orleans, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-38-25-76-11
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salat-Canela C, Pérez P, Ayté J, Hidalgo E. Stress-induced cell depolarization through the MAP kinase-Cdc42 axis. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:124-137. [PMID: 35773059 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
General stress responses, which sense environmental or endogenous signals, aim at promoting cell survival and fitness during adverse conditions. In eukaryotes, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-driven cascades trigger a shift in the cell's gene expression program as a cellular adaptation to stress. Here, we review another aspect of activated MAP kinase cascades reported in fission yeast: the transient inhibition of cell polarity in response to oxidative stress. The phosphorylation by a stress-activated MAP kinase of regulators of the GTPase cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) causes a transient inhibition of polarized cell growth. The formation of growth sites depends on limiting and essential polarity components. We summarize here some processes in which inhibition of Cdc42 may be a general mechanism to regulate polarized growth also under physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Salat-Canela
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica (IBFG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ayté
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lin L, Tian E, Ren J, Wu Z, Deng J, Yang J. Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Primary Podocytosis: From Fundamental Science to Clinical Research. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932739. [PMID: 36003509 PMCID: PMC9393213 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes form a key component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Damage to podocytes is referred to as “podocyte disease.” There are many causes of podocyte injury, including primary injury, secondary injury, and gene mutations. Primary podocytosis mostly manifests as nephrotic syndrome. At present, first-line treatment is based on glucocorticoid administration combined with immunosuppressive therapy, but some patients still progress to end-stage renal disease. In Asia, especially in China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) still plays an important role in the treatment of kidney diseases. This study summarizes the potential mechanism of TCM and its active components in protecting podocytes, such as repairing podocyte injury, inhibiting podocyte proliferation, reducing podocyte apoptosis and excretion, maintaining podocyte skeleton structure, and upregulating podocyte-related protein expression. At the same time, the clinical efficacy of TCM in the treatment of primary podocytosis (including idiopathic membranous nephropathy, minimal change disease, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) is summarized to support the development of new treatment strategies for primary podocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - En Tian
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangwen Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatism and Immunology, Jiulongpo District People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
| | | | - Jurong Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jurong Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Verma N, Mukhopadhyay S, Barnable P, Plagianos MG, Teleshova N. Estradiol inhibits HIV-1 BaL infection and induces CFL1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and endocervical mucosa. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6165. [PMID: 35418661 PMCID: PMC9008051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An inhibitory effect of estradiol (E2) on HIV-1 infection was suggested by several reports. We previously identified increased gene expression of actin-binding protein cofilin 1 (CFL1) in endocervix in the E2-dominated proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. Actin cytoskeleton has an integral role in establishing and spreading HIV-1 infection. Herein, we studied in vitro effects of E2 on HIV-1 infection and on CFL1 expression to gain insight into the mechanism of HIV-1 inhibition by E2. E2 dose-dependently inhibited HIV-1BaL infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and endocervix. In PBMCs and endocervix, E2 increased protein expression of total CFL1 and phosphorylated CFL1 (pCFL1) and pCFL1/CFL1 ratios. LIMKi3, a LIM kinase 1 and 2 inhibitor, abrogated the phenotype and restored infection in both PBMCs and endocervix; inhibited E2-induced expression of total CFL1, pCFL1; and decreased pCFL1/CFL1 ratios. Knockdown of CFL1 in PBMCs also abrogated the phenotype and partially restored infection. Additional analysis of soluble mediators revealed decreased concentrations of pro-inflammatory chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5 in infected tissues incubated with E2. Our results suggest a link between E2-mediated anti-HIV-1 activity and expression of CFL1 in PBMCs and endocervical mucosa. The data support exploration of cytoskeletal signaling pathway targets for the development of prevention strategies against HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Verma
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - S Mukhopadhyay
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - P Barnable
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - M G Plagianos
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - N Teleshova
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oom AL, Stoneham CA, Lewinski MK, Richards A, Wozniak JM, Shams-Ud-Doha K, Gonzalez DJ, Krogan NJ, Guatelli J. Comparative Analysis of T-Cell Spatial Proteomics and the Influence of HIV Expression. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100194. [PMID: 35017099 PMCID: PMC8956815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As systems biology approaches to virology have become more tractable, highly studied viruses such as HIV can now be analyzed in new unbiased ways, including spatial proteomics. We employed here a differential centrifugation protocol to fractionate Jurkat T cells for proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry; these cells contain inducible HIV-1 genomes, enabling us to look for changes in the spatial proteome induced by viral gene expression. Using these proteomics data, we evaluated the merits of several reported machine learning pipelines for classification of the spatial proteome and identification of protein translocations. From these analyses, we found that classifier performance in this system was organelle dependent, with Bayesian t-augmented Gaussian mixture modeling outperforming support vector machine learning for mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum proteins but underperforming on cytosolic, nuclear, and plasma membrane proteins by QSep analysis. We also observed a generally higher performance for protein translocation identification using a Bayesian model, Bayesian analysis of differential localization experiments, on row-normalized data. Comparative Bayesian analysis of differential localization experiment analysis of cells induced to express the WT viral genome versus cells induced to express a genome unable to express the accessory protein Nef identified known Nef-dependent interactors such as T-cell receptor signaling components and coatomer complex. Finally, we found that support vector machine classification showed higher consistency and was less sensitive to HIV-dependent noise. These findings illustrate important considerations for studies of the spatial proteome following viral infection or viral gene expression and provide a reference for future studies of HIV-gene-dropout viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Oom
- Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Veterans Medical Research Foundation, La Jolla, California, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Charlotte A Stoneham
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Veterans Medical Research Foundation, La Jolla, California, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mary K Lewinski
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alicia Richards
- Proteomics Facility, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Institute for Virology and Immunology, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jacob M Wozniak
- Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Km Shams-Ud-Doha
- Proteomics Facility, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA; Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; Institute for Virology and Immunology, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Guatelli
- Biomedical Sciences Doctoral Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Veterans Medical Research Foundation, La Jolla, California, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Muehlig AK, Gies S, Huber TB, Braun F. Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 12:800074. [PMID: 35095882 PMCID: PMC8792967 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Collapsing glomerulopathy represents a special variant of the proteinuric kidney disease focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Histologically, the collapsing form of FSGS (cFSGS) is characterized by segmental or global condensation and obliteration of glomerular capillaries, the appearance of hyperplastic and hypertrophic podocytes and severe tubulointerstitial damage. Clinically, cFSGS patients present with acute kidney injury, nephrotic-range proteinuria and are at a high risk of rapid progression to irreversible kidney failure. cFSGS can be attributed to numerous etiologies, namely, viral infections like HIV, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr-Virus, and parvovirus B19 and also drugs and severe ischemia. Risk variants of the APOL1 gene, predominantly found in people of African descent, increase the risk of developing cFSGS. Patients infected with the new Corona-Virus SARS-CoV-2 display an increased rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) in severe cases of COVID-19. Besides hemodynamic instability, cytokine mediated injury and direct viral entry and infection of renal epithelial cells contributing to AKI, there are emerging reports of cFSGS associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients of mainly African ethnicity. The pathogenesis of cFSGS is proposed to be linked with direct viral infection of podocytes, as described for HIV-associated glomerulopathy. Nevertheless, there is growing evidence that the systemic inflammatory cascade, activated in acute viral infections like COVID-19, is a major contributor to the impairment of basic cellular functions in podocytes. This mini review will summarize the current knowledge on cFSGS associated with viral infections with a special focus on the influence of systemic immune responses and potential mechanisms propagating the development of cFSGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Muehlig
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,University Children's Research@Kinder-UKE, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sydney Gies
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Card CM, Abrenica B, McKinnon LR, Ball TB, Su RC. Endothelial Cells Promote Productive HIV Infection of Resting CD4 + T Cells by an Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion-Dependent Mechanism. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2022; 38:111-126. [PMID: 34465136 PMCID: PMC8861939 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting CD4+ T cells are primary targets of early HIV infection events in vivo, but do not readily support HIV replication in vitro. This barrier to infection can be overcome by exposing resting CD4+ T cells to endothelial cells (ECs). ECs line blood vessels and direct T cell trafficking into inflamed tissues. Cell trafficking pathways have been shown to have overlapping roles in facilitating HIV replication, but their relevance to EC-mediated enhancement of HIV susceptibility in resting CD4+ T cells has not previously been examined. We characterized the phenotype of primary human resting CD4+ T cells that became productively infected with HIV when cocultured with primary human blood and lymphatic ECs. The infected CD4+ T cells were primarily central memory cells enriched for high expression of the integrins LFA-1 and VLA-4. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, the cognate ligands for LFA-1 and VLA-4, respectively, were expressed by the ECs in the coculture. Blocking LFA-1 and VLA-4 on resting CD4+ T cells inhibited infection by 65.4%–96.9%, indicating that engagement of these integrins facilitates EC-mediated enhancement of productive HIV infection in resting CD4+ T cells. The demonstration that ECs influence cellular HIV susceptibility of resting memory CD4+ T cells through cell trafficking pathways engaged during the transmigration of T cells into tissues highlights the physiological relevance of these findings for HIV acquisition and opportunities for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Card
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Center, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bernard Abrenica
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Center, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Lyle R. McKinnon
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Center for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Terry Blake Ball
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Center, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruey-Chyi Su
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Center, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rajabzadeh A, Hamidieh AA, Rahbarizadeh F. Spinoculation and retronectin highly enhance the gene transduction efficiency of Mucin-1-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) in human primary T cells. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:57. [PMID: 34814824 PMCID: PMC8609792 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00397-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Producing an appropriate number of engineered cells is considered as one of the influential factors in the successful treatments with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. To this aim, the transduction rate of the viral vectors can play a significant role. In addition, improving transduction rates can affect the success rate of this treatment due to hard-transduced T lymphocytes. Results In this study, activated T cells were transduced using different transduction methods such as spinoculation, retronectin, polybrene, spinoculation + retronectin, and spinoculation + polybrene after selecting the most efficient transfection method to produce recombinant viral particles containing MUC1 CAR. PEI and lipofectamine with the amount of 73.72 and 72.53%, respectively, showed the highest transfection rates with respect to calcium phosphate (14.13%) for producing lentiviral particles. However, the cytotoxicity of transfection methods was not significantly different. Based on the results, spinoculation + retronectin leads to the highest transduction rates of T cells (63.19 ± 4.45%) relative to spinoculation + polybrene (34.6 ± 4.44%), polybrene (10.23 ± 0.79%), retronectin (10.37 ± 1.85%), and spinoculation (21.11 ± 1.55%). Further, the polybrene (40.02%) and spinoculation + polybrene (48.83% ± 4.83) increased cytotoxicity significantly compared to other groups. Conclusion Improving transduction conditions such as using spinoculation with retronectin can ameliorate the production of CAR-T cells by increasing the rate of transduction, as well as the success rate of treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-021-00397-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rajabzadeh
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. .,Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remodels the cell surface of infected cells to facilitate viral dissemination and promote immune evasion. The membrane-associated viral protein U (Vpu) accessory protein encoded by HIV-1 plays a key role in this process by altering cell surface levels of multiple host proteins. Using an unbiased quantitative plasma membrane profiling approach, we previously identified CD47 as a putative host target downregulated by Vpu. CD47 is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface protein that interacts with the myeloid cell inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein-alpha (SIRPα) to deliver a "don't-eat-me" signal, thus protecting cells from phagocytosis. In this study, we investigate whether CD47 modulation by HIV-1 Vpu might promote the susceptibility of macrophages to viral infection via phagocytosis of infected CD4+ T cells. Indeed, we find that Vpu downregulates CD47 expression on infected CD4+ T cells, leading to enhanced capture and phagocytosis by macrophages. We further provide evidence that this Vpu-dependent process allows a C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5)-tropic transmitted/founder (T/F) virus, which otherwise poorly infects macrophages in its cell-free form, to efficiently infect macrophages. Importantly, we show that HIV-1-infected cells expressing a Vpu-resistant CD47 mutant are less prone to infecting macrophages through phagocytosis. Mechanistically, Vpu forms a physical complex with CD47 through its transmembrane domain and targets the latter for lysosomal degradation. These results reveal a novel role of Vpu in modulating macrophage infection, which has important implications for HIV-1 transmission in early stages of infection and the establishment of viral reservoir. IMPORTANCE Macrophages play critical roles in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, viral spread early in infection, and as a reservoir of virus. Selective capture and engulfment of HIV-1-infected T cells was shown to drive efficient macrophage infection, suggesting that this mechanism represents an important mode of infection notably for weakly macrophage-tropic T/F viruses. In this study, we provide insight into the signals that regulate this process. We show that the HIV-1 accessory protein viral protein U (Vpu) downregulates cell surface levels of CD47, a host protein that interacts with the inhibitory receptor signal regulatory protein-alpha (SIRPα), to deliver a "don't-eat-me" signal to macrophages. This allows for enhanced capture and phagocytosis of infected T cells by macrophages, ultimately leading to their productive infection even with transmitted/founder (T/F) virus. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms governing the intercellular transmission of HIV-1 to macrophages with implications for the establishment of the macrophage reservoir and early HIV-1 dissemination in vivo.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Festa L, Meucci O, Gaskill PJ. Co-receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV. Retrovirology 2021; 18:24. [PMID: 34429135 PMCID: PMC8385912 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, are necessary for HIV entry into target cells, interacting with the HIV envelope protein, gp120, to initiate several signaling cascades thought to be important to the entry process. Co-receptor signaling may also promote the development of neuroHIV by contributing to both persistent neuroinflammation and indirect neurotoxicity. But despite the critical importance of CXCR4 and CCR5 signaling to HIV pathogenesis, there is only one therapeutic (the CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc) that targets these receptors. Moreover, our understanding of co-receptor signaling in the specific context of neuroHIV is relatively poor. Research into co-receptor signaling has largely stalled in the past decade, possibly owing to the complexity of the signaling cascades and functions mediated by these receptors. Examining the many signaling pathways triggered by co-receptor activation has been challenging due to the lack of specific molecular tools targeting many of the proteins involved in these pathways and the wide array of model systems used across these experiments. Studies examining the impact of co-receptor signaling on HIV neuropathogenesis often show activation of multiple overlapping pathways by similar stimuli, leading to contradictory data on the effects of co-receptor activation. To address this, we will broadly review HIV infection and neuropathogenesis, examine different co-receptor mediated signaling pathways and functions, then discuss the HIV mediated signaling and the differences between activation induced by HIV and cognate ligands. We will assess the specific effects of co-receptor activation on neuropathogenesis, focusing on neuroinflammation. We will also explore how the use of substances of abuse, which are highly prevalent in people living with HIV, can exacerbate the neuropathogenic effects of co-receptor signaling. Finally, we will discuss the current state of therapeutics targeting co-receptors, highlighting challenges the field has faced and areas in which research into co-receptor signaling would yield the most therapeutic benefit in the context of HIV infection. This discussion will provide a comprehensive overview of what is known and what remains to be explored in regard to co-receptor signaling and HIV infection, and will emphasize the potential value of HIV co-receptors as a target for future therapeutic development. ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - L Festa
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - O Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tavares LA, Januário YC, daSilva LLP. HIV-1 Hijacking of Host ATPases and GTPases That Control Protein Trafficking. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:622610. [PMID: 34307340 PMCID: PMC8295591 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.622610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) modifies the host cell environment to ensure efficient and sustained viral replication. Key to these processes is the capacity of the virus to hijack ATPases, GTPases and the associated proteins that control intracellular protein trafficking. The functions of these energy-harnessing enzymes can be seized by HIV-1 to allow the intracellular transport of viral components within the host cell or to change the subcellular distribution of antiviral factors, leading to immune evasion. Here, we summarize how energy-related proteins deviate from their normal functions in host protein trafficking to aid the virus in different phases of its replicative cycle. Recent discoveries regarding the interplay among HIV-1 and host ATPases and GTPases may shed light on potential targets for pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Tavares
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Yunan C Januário
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Naghavi MH. HIV-1 capsid exploitation of the host microtubule cytoskeleton during early infection. Retrovirology 2021; 18:19. [PMID: 34229718 PMCID: PMC8259435 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) form a filamentous array that provide both structural support and a coordinated system for the movement and organization of macromolecular cargos within the cell. As such, they play a critical role in regulating a wide range of cellular processes, from cell shape and motility to cell polarization and division. The array is radial with filament minus-ends anchored at perinuclear MT-organizing centers and filament plus-ends continuously growing and shrinking to explore and adapt to the intracellular environment. In response to environmental cues, a small subset of these highly dynamic MTs can become stabilized, acquire post-translational modifications and act as specialized tracks for cargo trafficking. MT dynamics and stability are regulated by a subset of highly specialized MT plus-end tracking proteins, known as +TIPs. Central to this is the end-binding (EB) family of proteins which specifically recognize and track growing MT plus-ends to both regulate MT polymerization directly and to mediate the accumulation of a diverse array of other +TIPs at MT ends. Moreover, interaction of EB1 and +TIPs with actin-MT cross-linking factors coordinate changes in actin and MT dynamics at the cell periphery, as well as during the transition of cargos from one network to the other. The inherent structural polarity of MTs is sensed by specialized motor proteins. In general, dynein directs trafficking of cargos towards the minus-end while most kinesins direct movement toward the plus-end. As a pathogenic cargo, HIV-1 uses the actin cytoskeleton for short-range transport most frequently at the cell periphery during entry before transiting to MTs for long-range transport to reach the nucleus. While the fundamental importance of MT networks to HIV-1 replication has long been known, recent work has begun to reveal the underlying mechanistic details by which HIV-1 engages MTs after entry into the cell. This includes mimicry of EB1 by capsid (CA) and adaptor-mediated engagement of dynein and kinesin motors to elegantly coordinate early steps in infection that include MT stabilization, uncoating (conical CA disassembly) and virus transport toward the nucleus. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of how MT regulators and their associated motors are exploited by incoming HIV-1 capsid during early stages of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan H Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cano I, Santos EM, Moore K, Farbos A, van Aerle R. Evidence of Transcriptional Shutoff by Pathogenic Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia Virus in Rainbow Trout. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061129. [PMID: 34208332 PMCID: PMC8231187 DOI: 10.3390/v13061129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basis of pathogenicity of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) was analysed in the transcriptome of a rainbow trout cell line inoculated with pathogenic and non-pathogenic VHSV isolates. Although both VHSV isolates showed similar viral replication patterns, the number of differentially expressed genes was 42-fold higher in cells inoculated with the non-pathogenic VHSV at 3 h post inoculation (hpi). Infection with the non-pathogenic isolate resulted in Gene Ontologies (GO) enrichment of terms such as immune response, cytokine-mediated signalling pathway, regulation of translational initiation, unfolded protein binding, and protein folding, and induced an over-representation of the p53, PPAR, and TGF-β signalling pathways. Inoculation with the pathogenic isolate resulted in the GO enrichment of terms related to lipid metabolism and the salmonella infection KEGG pathway involved in the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. Antiviral response was evident at 12hpi in cells infected with the pathogenic isolate. Overall, the data showed a delay in the response of genes involved in immune responses and viral sensing in cells inoculated with the pathogenic isolate and suggest transcriptional shutoff and immune avoidance as a critical mechanism of pathogenicity in VHSV. These pathways offer opportunities to further understand and manage VHSV pathogenicity in rainbow trout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cano
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eduarda M. Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK;
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK
| | - Karen Moore
- Exeter Sequencing Service, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK; (K.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Audrey Farbos
- Exeter Sequencing Service, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK; (K.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Cefas Weymouth Laboratory, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, UK;
- Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, Devon, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baena V, Conrad R, Friday P, Fitzgerald E, Kim T, Bernbaum J, Berensmann H, Harned A, Nagashima K, Narayan K. FIB-SEM as a Volume Electron Microscopy Approach to Study Cellular Architectures in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections: A Practical Primer for a Virologist. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040611. [PMID: 33918371 PMCID: PMC8066521 DOI: 10.3390/v13040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The visualization of cellular ultrastructure over a wide range of volumes is becoming possible by increasingly powerful techniques grouped under the rubric “volume electron microscopy” or volume EM (vEM). Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) occupies a “Goldilocks zone” in vEM: iterative and automated cycles of milling and imaging allow the interrogation of microns-thick specimens in 3-D at resolutions of tens of nanometers or less. This bestows on FIB-SEM the unique ability to aid the accurate and precise study of architectures of virus-cell interactions. Here we give the virologist or cell biologist a primer on FIB-SEM imaging in the context of vEM and discuss practical aspects of a room temperature FIB-SEM experiment. In an in vitro study of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we show that accurate quantitation of viral densities and surface curvatures enabled by FIB-SEM imaging reveals SARS-CoV-2 viruses preferentially located at areas of plasma membrane that have positive mean curvatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Baena
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.B.); (R.C.); (P.F.); (E.F.); (T.K.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (K.N.)
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Ryan Conrad
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.B.); (R.C.); (P.F.); (E.F.); (T.K.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (K.N.)
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Patrick Friday
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.B.); (R.C.); (P.F.); (E.F.); (T.K.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (K.N.)
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Ella Fitzgerald
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.B.); (R.C.); (P.F.); (E.F.); (T.K.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (K.N.)
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Taeeun Kim
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.B.); (R.C.); (P.F.); (E.F.); (T.K.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (K.N.)
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - John Bernbaum
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Clinical Research, Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), Frederick, MD 21702, USA;
| | - Heather Berensmann
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.B.); (R.C.); (P.F.); (E.F.); (T.K.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (K.N.)
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Adam Harned
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.B.); (R.C.); (P.F.); (E.F.); (T.K.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (K.N.)
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.B.); (R.C.); (P.F.); (E.F.); (T.K.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (K.N.)
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (V.B.); (R.C.); (P.F.); (E.F.); (T.K.); (H.B.); (A.H.); (K.N.)
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dhanker R, Hussain T, Tyagi P, Singh KJ, Kamble SS. The Emerging Trend of Bio-Engineering Approaches for Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis and Its Applications. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638003. [PMID: 33796089 PMCID: PMC8008120 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-organisms colonized the world before the multi-cellular organisms evolved. With the advent of microscopy, their existence became evident to the mankind and also the vast processes they regulate, that are in direct interest of the human beings. One such process that intrigued the researchers is the ability to grow in presence of toxic metals. The process seemed to be simple with the metal ions being sequestrated into the inclusion bodies or cell surfaces enabling the conversion into nontoxic nanostructures. However, the discovery of genome sequencing techniques highlighted the genetic makeup of these microbes as a quintessential aspect of these phenomena. The findings of metal resistance genes (MRG) in these microbes showed a rather complex regulation of these processes. Since most of these MRGs are plasmid encoded they can be transferred horizontally. With the discovery of nanoparticles and their many applications from polymer chemistry to drug delivery, the demand for innovative techniques of nanoparticle synthesis increased dramatically. It is now established that microbial synthesis of nanoparticles provides numerous advantages over the existing chemical methods. However, it is the explicit use of biotechnology, molecular biology, metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering tools that revolutionized the world of microbial nanotechnology. Detailed study of the micro and even nanolevel assembly of microbial life also intrigued biologists and engineers to generate molecular motors that mimic bacterial flagellar motor. In this review, we highlight the importance and tremendous hidden potential of bio-engineering tools in exploiting the area of microbial nanoparticle synthesis. We also highlight the application oriented specific modulations that can be done in the stages involved in the synthesis of these nanoparticles. Finally, the role of these nanoparticles in the natural ecosystem is also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raunak Dhanker
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| | - Touseef Hussain
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Priyanka Tyagi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| | - Kawal Jeet Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Shashank S. Kamble
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Smith LK, Babcock IW, Minamide LS, Shaw AE, Bamburg JR, Kuhn TB. Direct interaction of HIV gp120 with neuronal CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors induces cofilin-actin rod pathology via a cellular prion protein- and NOX-dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248309. [PMID: 33705493 PMCID: PMC7951892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly 50% of individuals with long-term HIV infection are affected by the onset of progressive HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HIV infiltrates the central nervous system (CNS) early during primary infection where it establishes persistent infection in microglia (resident macrophages) and astrocytes that in turn release inflammatory cytokines, small neurotoxic mediators, and viral proteins. While the molecular mechanisms underlying pathology in HAND remain poorly understood, synaptodendritic damage has emerged as a hallmark of HIV infection of the CNS. Here, we report that the HIV viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 induces the formation of aberrant, rod-shaped cofilin-actin inclusions (rods) in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons via a signaling pathway common to other neurodegenerative stimuli including oligomeric, soluble amyloid-β and proinflammatory cytokines. Previous studies showed that synaptic function is impaired preferentially in the distal proximity of rods within dendrites. Our studies demonstrate gp120 binding to either chemokine co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 is capable of inducing rod formation, and signaling through this pathway requires active NADPH oxidase presumably through the formation of superoxide (O2-) and the expression of cellular prion protein (PrPC). These findings link gp120-mediated oxidative stress to the generation of rods, which may underlie early synaptic dysfunction observed in HAND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Isaac W. Babcock
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Laurie S. Minamide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Alisa E. Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - James R. Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Thomas B. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Coelho AVC, Gratton R, de Melo JPB, Andrade-Santos JL, Guimarães RL, Crovella S, Tricarico PM, Brandão LAC. HIV-1 Infection Transcriptomics: Meta-Analysis of CD4+ T Cells Gene Expression Profiles. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020244. [PMID: 33557210 PMCID: PMC7913929 DOI: 10.3390/v13020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection elicits a complex dynamic of the expression various host genes. High throughput sequencing added an expressive amount of information regarding HIV-1 infections and pathogenesis. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is currently the tool of choice to investigate gene expression in a several range of experimental setting. This study aims at performing a meta-analysis of RNA-Seq expression profiles in samples of HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells compared to uninfected cells to assess consistently differentially expressed genes in the context of HIV-1 infection. We selected two studies (22 samples: 15 experimentally infected and 7 mock-infected). We found 208 differentially expressed genes in infected cells when compared to uninfected/mock-infected cells. This result had moderate overlap when compared to previous studies of HIV-1 infection transcriptomics, but we identified 64 genes already known to interact with HIV-1 according to the HIV-1 Human Interaction Database. A gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed enrichment of several pathways involved in immune response, cell adhesion, cell migration, inflammation, apoptosis, Wnt, Notch and ERK/MAPK signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Victor Campos Coelho
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (J.P.B.d.M.); (L.A.C.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-81-2126-8522
| | - Rossella Gratton
- Department of Advanced Translational Microbiology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (P.M.T.)
| | - João Paulo Britto de Melo
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (J.P.B.d.M.); (L.A.C.B.)
| | - José Leandro Andrade-Santos
- Department of Genetics-Federal, University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (J.L.A.-S.); (R.L.G.)
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lima Guimarães
- Department of Genetics-Federal, University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (J.L.A.-S.); (R.L.G.)
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
| | - Paola Maura Tricarico
- Department of Advanced Translational Microbiology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (P.M.T.)
| | - Lucas André Cavalcanti Brandão
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (J.P.B.d.M.); (L.A.C.B.)
- Department of Advanced Translational Microbiology, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.G.); (P.M.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effect of the Rho GTPase inhibitor-1 on the entry of dengue serotype 2 virus into EAhy926 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9739-9747. [PMID: 33200314 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DV) is the most rapidly spreading arbovirus in the world. Our previous studies indicated that Rac1, a kind of Rho GTPase, was related with the increased vascular permeability in DV infection. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the activity of the Rac1 pathway during DV infection is not fully understood yet. Recently, Rho-specific guanine nucleotide dissociated inhibitors (Rho GDIs), as a pivotal upstream regulator of Rho GTPase, attract our attention. To identify the role of GDI-1 in DV2 infection, the expression of GDI in Eahy926 cells was detected. Moreover, a GDI-1 down-regulated cell line was constructed to explore the correlation between GDI-1 and Rac1 and to further evaluate the function of GDI in DV life cycle. Our results indicated that DV2 infection could up-regulate GDI-1 expression, and down-regulation of GDI enhanced the activity of Rac1. In addition, down-regulated GDI-1 significantly inhibited all steps of DV2 replication cycle. GDI-1 plays an important role in DV2 infection via negatively regulating the activation of the Rac1-actin pathway. These results not only contribute to our further understanding of the pathogenesis of severe dengue but also provide further insight into the development of antiviral drugs.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lyu Y, Kopcho S, Mohan M, Okeoma CM. Long-Term Low-Dose Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannbinol (THC) Administration to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Infected Rhesus Macaques Stimulates the Release of Bioactive Blood Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) that Induce Divergent Structural Adaptations and Signaling Cues. Cells 2020; 9:E2243. [PMID: 33036231 PMCID: PMC7599525 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood extracellular vesicles (BEVs) carry bioactive cargo (proteins, genetic materials, lipids, licit, and illicit drugs) that regulate diverse functions in target cells. The cannabinoid drug delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is FDA approved for the treatment of anorexia and weight loss in people living with HIV. However, the effect of THC on BEV characteristics in the setting of HIV/SIV infection needs to be determined. Here, we used the SIV-infected rhesus macaque model of AIDS to evaluate the longitudinal effects of THC (THC/SIV) or vehicle (VEH/SIV) treatment in HIV/SIV infection on the properties of BEVs. While BEV concentrations increased longitudinally (pre-SIV (0), 30, and 150 days post-SIV infection (DPI)) in VEH/SIV macaques, the opposite trend was observed with THC/SIV macaques. SIV infection altered BEV membrane properties and cargo composition late in infection, since i) the electrostatic surface properties (zeta potential, ζ potential) showed that RM BEVs carried negative surface charge, but at 150 DPI, SIV infection significantly changed BEV ζ potential; ii) BEVs from the VEH/SIV group altered tetraspanin CD9 and CD81 levels compared to the THC/SIV group. Furthermore, VEH/SIV and THC/SIV BEVs mediated divergent changes in monocyte gene expression, morphometrics, signaling, and function. These include altered tetraspanin and integrin β1 expression; altered levels and distribution of polymerized actin, FAK/pY397 FAK, pERK1/2, cleaved caspase 3, proapoptotic Bid and truncated tBid; and altered adhesion of monocytes to collagen I. These data indicate that HIV/SIV infection and THC treatment result in the release of bioactive BEVs with potential to induce distinct structural adaptations and signaling cues to instruct divergent cellular responses to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lyu
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Steven Kopcho
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Mahesh Mohan
- Host Pathogen Interaction, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227-5302, USA
| | - Chioma M. Okeoma
- Department of Pharmacology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8651, USA; (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Campos Coelho AV, de Moura RR, Crovella S. Reanalysis of Gene Expression Profiles of CD4+ T Cells Treated with HIV-1 Latency Reversal Agents. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101505. [PMID: 33007800 PMCID: PMC7601709 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) causes a progressive depletion of CD4+ T cells, hampering immune function. Current experimental strategies to fight the virus focus on the reactivation of latent HIV-1 in the viral reservoir to make the virus detectable by the immune system, by searching for latency reversal agents (LRAs). We hypothesize that if common molecular pathways elicited by the presence of LRAs are known, perhaps new, more efficient, “shock-and-kill” strategies can be found. Thus, the objective of the present study is to re-evaluate RNA-Seq assays to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during latency reversal via transcriptome analysis. We selected six studies (45 samples altogether: 16 negative controls and 29 LRA-treated CD4+ T cells) and 11 LRA strategies through a systematic search in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and PubMed databases. The raw reads were trimmed, counted, and normalized. Next, we detected consistent DEGs in these independent experiments. AZD5582, romidepsin, and suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) were the LRAs that modulated most genes. We detected 948 DEGs shared by those three LRAs. Gene ontology analysis and cross-referencing with other sources of the literature showed enrichment of cell activation, differentiation and signaling, especially mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Rho-GTPases pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Victor Campos Coelho
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Avenida da Engenharia, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-81-2126-8522
| | - Ronald Rodrigues de Moura
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.R.d.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (R.R.d.M.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Eshaghi B, Alsharif N, An X, Akiyama H, Brown KA, Gummuluru S, Reinhard BM. Stiffness of HIV-1 Mimicking Polymer Nanoparticles Modulates Ganglioside-Mediated Cellular Uptake and Trafficking. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000649. [PMID: 32999830 PMCID: PMC7509657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The monosialodihexosylganglioside, GM3, and its binding to CD169 (Siglec-1) have been indicated as key factors in the glycoprotein-independent sequestration of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in virus-containing compartments (VCCs) in myeloid cells. Here, lipid-wrapped polymer nanoparticles (NPs) are applied as a virus-mimicking model to characterize the effect of core stiffness on NP uptake and intracellular fate triggered by GM3-CD169 binding in macrophages. GM3-functionalized lipid-wrapped NPs are assembled with poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) as well as with low and high molecular weight polylactic acid (PLAlMW and PLAhMW) cores. The NPs have an average diameter of 146 ± 17 nm and comparable surface properties defined by the self-assembled lipid layer. Due to differences in the glass transition temperature, the Young's modulus (E) differs substantially under physiological conditions between PLGA (E PLGA = 60 ± 32 MPa), PLAlMW (E PLA lMW = 86 ± 25 MPa), and PLAhMW (E PLA hMW = 1.41 ± 0.67 GPa) NPs. Only the stiff GM3-presenting PLAhMW NPs but not the softer PLGA or PLAlMW NPs avoid a lysosomal pathway and localize in tetraspanin (CD9)-positive compartments that resemble VCCs. These observations suggest that GM3-CD169-induced sequestration of NPs in nonlysosomal compartments is not entirely determined by ligand-receptor interactions but also depends on core stiffness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Eshaghi
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Nourin Alsharif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and The Photonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Xingda An
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Hisashi Akiyama
- Department of MicrobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA02118USA
| | - Keith A. Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and The Photonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| | - Suryaram Gummuluru
- Department of MicrobiologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMA02118USA
| | - Björn M. Reinhard
- Department of Chemistry and The Photonics CenterBoston UniversityBostonMA02215USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kulkarni R, Jiang S, Birrane G, Prasad A. Lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) regulates bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2)-mediated intracellular trafficking of HIV-1 in dendritic cells. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1947-1959. [PMID: 32279313 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subverts intracellular trafficking pathways to avoid its degradation and elimination, thereby enhancing its survival and spread. The molecular mechanisms involved in intracellular transport of HIV-1 are not yet fully defined. We demonstrate that the actin-binding protein lymphocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) interacts with the interferon-inducible protein bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2) in dendritic cells (DCs) to facilitate both endocytosis of surface-bound HIV-1 and the formation of early endosomes. Analysis of the molecular interaction between LSP1 and BST-2 reveals that the N terminus of LSP1 interacts with BST-2. Overall, we identify a novel mechanism of intracellular trafficking of HIV-1 in DCs centering on the LSP1/BST-2 complex. We also show that the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu subverts this pathway by inducing proteasomal degradation of LSP1, augmenting cell-cell transmission of HIV-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Kulkarni
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuxian Jiang
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriel Birrane
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anil Prasad
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li L, Niu D, Yang J, Bi J, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Wang G. TRIM62 From Chicken as a Negative Regulator of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Replication. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:152. [PMID: 32318585 PMCID: PMC7146716 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the tripartite motif containing 62 (TRIM62), a member of the TRIM family, plays an important role in antiviral processes. The objective of the study was to explore the role of TRIM62 in reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infection and its potential molecular mechanism. We first demonstrated that the REV infection affected the TRIM62 expression first upregulated and then downregulated in CEF cells. Next, we evaluated the effect of TRIM62 on viral replication. Overexpression of TRIM62 decreased REV replication. On the contrary, silencing of endogenously expressed TRIM62 increased viral replication. Then, to explore the necessity of domains in TRIM62's negative regulation on viral replication, we transfected CEF cells with TRIM62 domain deletion mutants. Deletion domain partially abolished TRIM62's antiviral activity. The effect of SPRY domain deletion was the highest and that of coiled-coil was the lowest. Further, we identified 18 proteins that coimmunoprecipitated and interacted with TRIM62 by immunocoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis. Strikingly, among which, both Ras-related protein Rab-5b (RAB5B) and Arp2/3 complex 34-kDa subunit (ARPC2) were involved in actin cytoskeletal pathway. Altogether, these results strongly suggest that chicken TRIM62 provides host defense against viral infection, and all domains are required for its action. RAB5B and ARPC2 may play important roles in its negative regulation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Dongyan Niu
- Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jianmin Bi
- China Animal Husbandry Industry Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lingjuan Zhang
- Penglai City Animal Epidemic Prevention and Control Center, Penglai, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wong RW, Balachandran A, Cheung PK, Cheng R, Pan Q, Stoilov P, Harrigan PR, Blencowe BJ, Branch DR, Cochrane A. An activator of G protein-coupled receptor and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling inhibits HIV-1 replication by altering viral RNA processing. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008307. [PMID: 32069328 PMCID: PMC7048317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of HIV-1 to evolve resistance to combined antiretroviral therapies (cARTs) has stimulated research into alternative means of controlling this infection. We assayed >60 modulators of RNA alternative splicing (AS) to identify new inhibitors of HIV-1 RNA processing-a segment of the viral lifecycle not targeted by current drugs-and discovered compound N-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-amine (5342191) as a potent inhibitor of both wild-type (Ba-L, NL4-3, LAI, IIIB, and N54) and drug-resistant strains of HIV-1 (IC50: ~700 nM) with no significant effect on cell viability at doses tested. 5342191 blocks expression of four essential HIV-1 structural and regulatory proteins (Gag, Env, Tat, and Rev) without affecting total protein synthesis of the cell. This response is associated with altered unspliced (US) and singly-spliced (SS) HIV-1 RNA accumulation (~60% reduction) and transport to the cytoplasm (loss of Rev) whereas parallel analysis of cellular RNAs revealed less than a 0.7% of host alternative splicing (AS) events (0.25-0.67% by ≥ 10-20%), gene expression (0.01-0.46% by ≥ 2-5 fold), and protein abundance (0.02-0.34% by ≥ 1.5-2 fold) being affected. Decreased expression of Tat, but not Gag/Env, upon 5342191 treatment was reversed by a proteasome inhibitor, suggesting that this compound alters the synthesis/degradation of this key viral factor. Consistent with an affect on HIV-1 RNA processing, 5342191 treatment of cells altered the abundance and phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor (SRSF) 1, 3, and 4. Despite the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways by 5342191 (Ras, MEK1/2-ERK1/2, and JNK1/2/3), inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression by this compound could be reversed by pre-treatment with either a G-protein α-subunit inhibitor or two different MEK1/2 inhibitors. These observations demonstrate enhanced sensitivity of HIV-1 gene expression to small changes in host RNA processing and highlights the potential of modulating host intracellular signaling as an alternative approach for controlling HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond W. Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahalya Balachandran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter K. Cheung
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qun Pan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Stoilov
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - P. Richard Harrigan
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin J. Blencowe
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald R. Branch
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Advanced Diagnostics, Infection and Immunity Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan Cochrane
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Comparative transcriptome analysis of the human endocervix and ectocervix during the proliferative and secretory phases of the menstrual cycle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13494. [PMID: 31530865 PMCID: PMC6749057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive studies suggesting increased susceptibility to HIV during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, the molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. Our goal was to analyze transcriptomes of the endocervix and ectocervix during the proliferative and secretory phases using RNA sequencing to explore potential molecular signatures of susceptibility to HIV. We identified 202 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the proliferative and secretory phases of the cycle in the endocervix (adjusted p < 0.05). The biofunctions and pathways analysis of DEGs revealed that cellular assembly and epithelial barrier function in the proliferative phase and inflammatory response/cellular movement in the secretory phase were among the top biofunctions and pathways. The gene set enrichment analysis of ranked DEGs (score = log fold change/p value) in the endocervix and ectocervix revealed that (i) unstimulated/not activated immune cells gene sets positively correlated with the proliferative phase and negatively correlated with the secretory phase in both tissues, (ii) IFNγ and IFNα response gene sets positively correlated with the proliferative phase in the ectocervix, (iii) HIV restrictive Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway negatively correlated with the secretory phase in the endocervix. Our data show menstrual cycle phase-associated changes in both endocervix and ectocervix, which may modulate susceptibility to HIV.
Collapse
|
34
|
Wenzel ED, Avdoshina V, Mocchetti I. HIV-associated neurodegeneration: exploitation of the neuronal cytoskeleton. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:301-312. [PMID: 30850975 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection of the central nervous system damages synapses and promotes axonal injury, ultimately resulting in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The mechanisms through which HIV causes damage to neurons are still under investigation. The cytoskeleton and associated proteins are fundamental for axonal and dendritic integrity. In this article, we review evidence that HIV proteins, such as the envelope protein gp120 and transactivator of transcription (Tat), impair the structure and function of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Investigation into the effects of viral proteins on the neuronal cytoskeleton may provide a better understanding of HIV neurotoxicity and suggest new avenues for additional therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Wenzel
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Valeria Avdoshina
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Italo Mocchetti
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Burnie J, Guzzo C. The Incorporation of Host Proteins into the External HIV-1 Envelope. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010085. [PMID: 30669528 PMCID: PMC6356245 DOI: 10.3390/v11010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of biologically active host proteins into HIV-1 is a well-established phenomenon, particularly due to the budding mechanism of viral egress in which viruses acquire their external lipid membrane directly from the host cell. While this mechanism might seemingly imply that host protein incorporation is a passive uptake of all cellular antigens associated with the plasma membrane at the site of budding, this is not the case. Herein, we review the evidence indicating that host protein incorporation can be a selective and conserved process. We discuss how HIV-1 virions displaying host proteins on their surface can exhibit a myriad of altered phenotypes, with notable impacts on infectivity, homing, neutralization, and pathogenesis. This review describes the canonical and emerging methods to detect host protein incorporation, highlights the well-established host proteins that have been identified on HIV-1 virions, and reflects on the role of these incorporated proteins in viral pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting. Despite many advances in HIV treatment and prevention, there remains a global effort to develop increasingly effective anti-HIV therapies. Given the broad range of biologically active host proteins acquired on the surface of HIV-1, additional studies on the mechanisms and impacts of these incorporated host proteins may inform the development of novel treatments and vaccine designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Burnie
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Christina Guzzo
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pinkham C, Ahmed A, Bracci N, Narayanan A, Kehn-Hall K. Host-based processes as therapeutic targets for Rift Valley fever virus. Antiviral Res 2018; 160:64-78. [PMID: 30316916 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an enveloped, segmented, negative sense RNA virus that replicates within the host's cytoplasm. To facilitate its replication, RVFV must utilize host cell processes and as such, these processes may serve as potential therapeutic targets. This review summarizes key host cell processes impacted by RVFV infection. Specifically the influence of RVFV on host transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional regulation, protein half-life and availability, host signal transduction, trafficking and secretory pathways, cytoskeletal modulation, and mitochondrial processes and oxidative stress are discussed. Therapeutics targeted towards host processes that are essential for RVFV to thrive as well as their efficacy and importance to viral pathogenesis are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Pinkham
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Aslaa Ahmed
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Nicole Bracci
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Walsh D, Naghavi MH. Exploitation of Cytoskeletal Networks during Early Viral Infection. Trends Microbiol 2018; 27:39-50. [PMID: 30033343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Being dependent upon host transport systems to navigate the cytoplasm, viruses have evolved various strategies to manipulate cytoskeletal functions. Generally, viruses use the actin cytoskeleton to control entry and short-range transport at the cell periphery and exploit microtubules (MTs) for longer-range cytosolic transport, in some cases to reach the nucleus. While earlier studies established the fundamental importance of these networks to successful infection, the mechanistic details and true extent to which viruses usurp highly specialized host cytoskeletal regulators and motor adaptors is only beginning to emerge. This review outlines our current understanding of how cytoskeletal regulation contributes specifically to the early stages of viral infection, with a primary focus on retroviruses and herpesviruses as examples of recent advances in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek Walsh
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Mojgan H Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Neutralizing Antibody-Based Prevention of Cell-Associated HIV-1 Infection. Viruses 2018; 10:v10060333. [PMID: 29912167 PMCID: PMC6024846 DOI: 10.3390/v10060333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved vaccine-mediated protection against HIV-1 requires a thorough understanding of the mode of HIV-1 transmission and how various immune responses control transmission. Cell-associated HIV-1 is infectious and contributes to HIV-1 transmission in humans. Non-human primate models of cell-associated SIV infection demonstrate that cell-associated SIV is more infectious than cell-free SIV. In a recently described chimeric simian–human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) macaque model, it was demonstrated that an occult infection with cell-associated SHIV can be established that evades passive protection with a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb). Indeed, considerable in vitro data shows that bnAbs have less efficacy against cell-associated HIV-1 than cell-free HIV-1. Optimizing the protective capacity of immune responses such as bnAbs against cell-associated infections may be needed to maximize their protective efficacy.
Collapse
|