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Henrio Marcellin DF, Huang J. Exploring Zika Virus Impact on Endothelial Permeability: Insights into Transcytosis Mechanisms and Vascular Leakage. Viruses 2024; 16:629. [PMID: 38675970 PMCID: PMC11054372 DOI: 10.3390/v16040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Treating brain disease is challenging, and the Zika virus (ZIKV) presents a unique obstacle due to its neuroinvasive nature. In this review, we discuss the immunopathogenesis of ZIKV and explore how the virus interacts with the body's immune responses and the role of the protein Mfsd2a in maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during ZIKV neuroinvasion. ZIKV has emerged as a significant public health concern due to its association with severe neurological problems, including microcephaly and Gillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS). Understanding its journey through the brain-particularly its interaction with the placenta and BBB-is crucial. The placenta, which is designed to protect the fetus, becomes a pathway for ZIKV when infected. The BBB is composed of brain endothelial cells, acts as a second barrier, and protects the fetal brain. However, ZIKV finds ways to disrupt these barriers, leading to potential damage. This study explores the mechanisms by which ZIKV enters the CNS and highlights the role of transcytosis, which allows the virus to move through the cells without significantly disrupting the BBB. Although the exact mechanisms of transcytosis are unclear, research suggests that ZIKV may utilize this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
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2
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Singh RK, Tiwari A, Satone PD, Priya T, Meshram RJ. Updates in the Management of Dengue Shock Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46713. [PMID: 38021722 PMCID: PMC10631559 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a very serious public health problem that can manifest a wide range of symptoms from asymptomatic to fatal conditions, such as dengue shock syndrome (DSS). It is a life-threatening mosquito-borne viral infection widely spread in tropical areas. Dengue virus transmission occurs from an infected Aedes mosquito to humans. Various factors are responsible for the occurrence of the disease, such as viral load, age of the host, immune status of the host, and genetic variability. Dengue infection occurs in three phases: febrile, critical, and recovery. The febrile phase lasts for seven days and manifests symptoms such as high-grade fever, headache, arthralgia, and backache, and in some cases, the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract are also involved. Severe dengue is characterized by endothelial dysfunction that causes vascular permeability and plasma leakage. The fundamental mechanisms of these immune pathologies are not yet known. Dengue manifests various complications such as dengue encephalopathy, encephalitis, stroke, ocular involvement, acute transverse myelitis, myalgia, and cerebellar syndrome, but the most commonly seen is liver involvement. Dengue is managed supportively because there are no proven curative treatments. The cornerstone of care during the critical period of dengue is prudent fluid resuscitation. The first fluid of preference is a crystalloid. Prophylactic transfusion of platelets is not advised. The occurrence of four antigenically different dengue virus serotypes, each able to elicit a cross-reactive and disease-enhancing antibody response against the other three serotypes, has made the creation of the dengue vaccine a difficult undertaking. The development of a dengue vaccine has faced significant challenges due to a lack of the best animal models and a variety of immunological conditions in people, particularly in endemic locations. Dengvaxia is a live attenuated vaccine, which was developed by Sanofi. It is made up of four chimeric vaccine viruses produced by Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakshit K Singh
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Aakriti Tiwari
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Prasiddhi D Satone
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Tannu Priya
- Department of Paediatrics, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Shirdi, IND
| | - Revat J Meshram
- Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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3
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Brandl S, Reindl M. Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown in Neuroinflammation: Current In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12699. [PMID: 37628879 PMCID: PMC10454051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier, which is formed by tightly interconnected microvascular endothelial cells, separates the brain from the peripheral circulation. Together with other central nervous system-resident cell types, including pericytes and astrocytes, the blood-brain barrier forms the neurovascular unit. Upon neuroinflammation, this barrier becomes leaky, allowing molecules and cells to enter the brain and to potentially harm the tissue of the central nervous system. Despite the significance of animal models in research, they may not always adequately reflect human pathophysiology. Therefore, human models are needed. This review will provide an overview of the blood-brain barrier in terms of both health and disease. It will describe all key elements of the in vitro models and will explore how different compositions can be utilized to effectively model a variety of neuroinflammatory conditions. Furthermore, it will explore the existing types of models that are used in basic research to study the respective pathologies thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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4
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Alamilla-Sanchez ME, Alcala-Salgado MA, Cerezo Samperio B, Prado Lozano P, Diaz Garcia JD, Gonzalez Fuentes C, Yama Estrella MB, Morales Lopez EF. Advances in the Physiology of Transvascular Exchange and A New Look At Rational Fluid Prescription. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:2753-2770. [PMID: 37408844 PMCID: PMC10319290 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s405926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Starling principle is a model that explains the transvascular distribution of fluids essentially governed by hydrostatic and oncotic forces, which dynamically allow vascular refilling according to the characteristics of the blood vessel. However, careful analysis of fluid physiology has shown that the principle, while correct, is not complete. The revised Starling principle (Michel-Weinbaum model) provides relevant information on fluid kinetics. Special emphasis has been placed on the endothelial glycocalyx, whose subendothelial area allows a restricted oncotic pressure that limits the reabsorption of fluid from the interstitial space, so that transvascular refilling occurs mainly from the lymphatic vessels. The close correlation between pathological states of the endothelium (eg: sepsis, acute inflammation, or chronic kidney disease) and the prescription of fluids forces the physician to understand the dynamics of fluids in the organism; this will allow rational fluid prescriptions. A theory that integrates the physiology of exchange and transvascular refilling is the "microconstant model", whose variables include dynamic mechanisms that can explain edematous states, management of acute resuscitation, and type of fluids for common clinical conditions. The clinical-physiological integration of the concepts will be the hinges that allow a rational and dynamic prescription of fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pamela Prado Lozano
- Department of Nephrology, Centro Medico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, Mexico City, Mexico
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5
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The OCT angular sign of Henle fiber layer (HFL) hyperreflectivity (ASHH) and the pathoanatomy of the HFL in macular disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022:101135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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6
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Ding G, Shao Q, Yu H, Liu J, Li Y, Wang B, Sang H, Li D, Bing A, Hou Y, Xiao Y. Tight Junctions, the Key Factor in Virus-Related Disease. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101200. [PMID: 36297257 PMCID: PMC9611889 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) are highly specialized membrane structural domains that hold cells together and form a continuous intercellular barrier in epithelial cells. TJs regulate paracellular permeability and participate in various cellular signaling pathways. As physical barriers, TJs can block viral entry into host cells; however, viruses use a variety of strategies to circumvent this barrier to facilitate their infection. This paper summarizes how viruses evade various barriers during infection by regulating the expression of TJs to facilitate their own entry into the organism causing infection, which will help to develop drugs targeting TJs to contain virus-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofei Ding
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Qingyuan Shao
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Reproductive Center, Taian Central Hospital, Tai’an 271000, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Yingchao Li
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Haotian Sang
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Dexin Li
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
| | - Aiying Bing
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271016, China
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (Y.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yanmeng Hou
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (Y.H.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yihong Xiao
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (Y.H.); (Y.X.)
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7
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miR-142 Targets TIM-1 in Human Endothelial Cells: Potential Implications for Stroke, COVID-19, Zika, Ebola, Dengue, and Other Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810242. [PMID: 36142146 PMCID: PMC9499484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) has been recently identified as one of the factors involved in the internalization of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human cells, in addition to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), neuropilin-1, and others. We hypothesized that specific microRNAs could target TIM-1, with potential implications for the management of patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). By combining bioinformatic analyses and functional assays, we identified miR-142 as a specific regulator of TIM-1 transcription. Since TIM-1 has been implicated in the regulation of endothelial function at the level of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its levels have been shown to be associated with stroke and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, we validated miR-142 as a functional modulator of TIM-1 in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs). Taken together, our results indicate that miR-142 targets TIM-1, representing a novel strategy against cerebrovascular disorders, as well as systemic complications of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.
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Lu Y, An G, Wang X, Tang Y, Jin J, Bao J, Zhou Z. Encephalitozoon hellem Infection Promotes Monocytes Extravasation. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080914. [PMID: 36015036 PMCID: PMC9412707 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microsporidia are a group of obligated intracellular fungus pathogens. Monocytes and the derivative macrophages are among the most important players in host immunity. The invasion of microsporidia may significantly affect the monocytes maturation and extravasation processes. Methods: We utilized a previously established microsporidia infection murine model to investigate the influences of microsporidia Encephalitozoon hellem (E. hellem) infection on monocyte maturation, releasing into the circulation and extravasation to the inflammation site. Flow cytometry and qPCR analysis were used to compare the monocytes and derivative macrophages isolated from bone marrow, peripheral blood and tissues of E. hellem-infected and control mice. Results: The results showed that the pro-inflammatory group of CD11b+Ly-6C+ monocytes are promoted in E. hellem-infected mice. Interestingly, the percentage of Ly-6C+ monocytes from E. hellem-infected mice are significantly lower in peripheral blood while significantly higher in the inflamed small intestine, together with up-regulated ratio of F4/80 macrophage in small intestine as well. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that E. hellem infection leads to promoted monocytes maturation in bone marrow, up-regulation of extravasation from peripheral blood to inflammation site and maturation into macrophages. Our study is the first systematic analysis of monocytes maturation and trafficking during microsporidia infection, and will provide better understanding of the pathogen–host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishan Lu
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guozhen An
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yunlin Tang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiangyan Jin
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jialing Bao
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- Sate Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400038, China
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9
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Jones JH, Minshall RD. Endothelial Transcytosis in Acute Lung Injury: Emerging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Physiol 2022; 13:828093. [PMID: 35431977 PMCID: PMC9008570 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.828093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is characterized by widespread inflammation which in its severe form, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), leads to compromise in respiration causing hypoxemia and death in a substantial number of affected individuals. Loss of endothelial barrier integrity, pneumocyte necrosis, and circulating leukocyte recruitment into the injured lung are recognized mechanisms that contribute to the progression of ALI/ARDS. Additionally, damage to the pulmonary microvasculature by Gram-negative and positive bacteria or viruses (e.g., Escherichia coli, SARS-Cov-2) leads to increased protein and fluid permeability and interstitial edema, further impairing lung function. While most of the vascular leakage is attributed to loss of inter-endothelial junctional integrity, studies in animal models suggest that transendothelial transport of protein through caveolar vesicles, known as transcytosis, occurs in the early phase of ALI/ARDS. Here, we discuss the role of transcytosis in healthy and injured endothelium and highlight recent studies that have contributed to our understanding of the process during ALI/ARDS. We also cover potential approaches that utilize caveolar transport to deliver therapeutics to the lungs which may prevent further injury or improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Richard D. Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: Richard D. Minshall,
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10
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Pichi F, Curi ALL, Vasconcelos-Santos DV, Marchese A, Cicinelli MV, Miserocchi E, Schlaen A. Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Infectious Posterior Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022; 30:652-663. [PMID: 35226572 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2032197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe and illustrate the main optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings of infectious uveitis. METHODS Narrative review. RESULTS Posterior segment OCT in patients with infectious uveitis reveals posterior hyaloid face precipitates, superficial retinal precipitates and infiltrates, foveolitis, retinitis, neuro-retinitis, choroidal granulomas, and choroiditis as main imaging biomarkers. Some of these features are specific to the underlying causing etiology and may support the diagnosis and the initiation of treatment. Some OCT features disappear completely with resolution; some others are associated with irreversible retinal damage. CONCLUSIONS OCT identifies different features of infectious uveitis into the vitreous, the retina, and the choroid. OCT characteristics, combined with other multimodal imaging features, are helpful in the differential diagnosis of infectious uveitis, the early detection of complications, and the assessment of the response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pichi
- Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - André Luiz Land Curi
- Research Laboratory of Infectious Diseases in Ophthalmology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases - Ini - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Vitor Vasconcelos-Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Marchese
- Department of Ophthalmology, Irccs Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Irccs Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Miserocchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Irccs Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ariel Schlaen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Austral, Derqui-Pilar, Argentina
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Wu YH, Chen WC, Tseng CK, Chen YH, Lin CK, Lee JC. Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits DENV-induced endothelial hyperpermeability and serves as a potential target against dengue hemorrhagic fever. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22110. [PMID: 34918393 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100688rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a cause of vascular endothelial dysfunction and vascular leakage, which are characterized as hallmarks of dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, which become a severe global health emergency with substantial morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are still no promising therapeutics to alleviate the dengue-associated vascular hemorrhage in a clinical setting. In the present study, we first observed that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression level was highly suppressed in severe DENV-infected patients. In contrast, the overexpression of HO-1 could attenuate DENV-induced pathogenesis, including plasma leakage and thrombocytopenia, in an AG129 mouse model. Our data indicate that overexpression of HO-1 or its metabolite biliverdin can maintain endothelial integrity upon DENV infection in vitro and in vivo. We further characterized the positive regulatory effect of HO-1 on the endothelial adhesion factor vascular endothelial-cadherin to decrease DENV-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. Subsequently, we confirmed that two medicinal plant-derived compounds, andrographolide, and celastrol, widely used as a nutritional or medicinal supplement are useful to attenuate DENV-induced plasma leakage through induction of the HO-1 expression in DENV-infected AG129 mice. In conclusion, our findings reveal that induction of the HO-1 signal pathway is a promising option for the treatment of DENV-induced vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Sepsis Research Center, Center of Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine in College of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Natural Products in College of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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12
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The Disruption of the Endothelial Barrier Contributes to Acute Lung Injury Induced by Coxsackievirus A2 Infection in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189895. [PMID: 34576058 PMCID: PMC8467819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic occurrences and outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackievirus A2 (CVA2) have frequently reported worldwide recently, which pose a great challenge to public health. Epidemiological studies have suggested that the main cause of death in critical patients is pulmonary edema. However, the pathogenesis of this underlying comorbidity remains unclear. In this study, we utilized the 5-day-old BALB/c mouse model of lethal CVA2 infection to evaluate lung damage. We found that the permeability of lung microvascular was significantly increased after CVA2 infection. We also observed the direct infection and apoptosis of lung endothelial cells as well as the destruction of tight junctions between endothelial cells. CVA2 infection led to the degradation of tight junction proteins (e.g., ZO-1, claudin-5, and occludin). The gene transcription levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin (ET), thrombomodulin (THBD), granular membrane protein 140 (GMP140), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) related to endothelial dysfunction were all significantly increased. Additionally, CVA2 infection induced the increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1) and the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In conclusion, the disruption of the endothelial barrier contributes to acute lung injury induced by CVA2 infection; targeting p38-MAPK signaling may provide a therapeutic approach for pulmonary edema in critical infections of HFMD.
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13
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Pathogenesis of hemorrhagic disease caused by elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Sci Rep 2021; 11:12998. [PMID: 34155304 PMCID: PMC8217522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92393-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) is an acute fatal disease in elephants. Despite the fact that the underlying pathogenesis of EEHV-HD has been proposed, it remains undetermined as to what mechanisms drive these hemorrhagic and edematous lesions. In the present study, we have investigated and explained the pathogenesis of acute EEHV-HD using blood profiles of EEHV-HD and EEHV-infected cases, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, special stains, immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It was found that EEHV genomes were predominantly detected in various internal organs of EEHV-HD cases. Damage to endothelial cells, vasculitis and vascular thrombosis of the small blood vessels were also predominantly observed. Increases in platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecules-1 (PECAM-1)- and von Willebrand factor (vWF)-immunolabeling positive cells were significantly noticed in injured blood vessels. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA was significantly up-regulated in EEHV-HD cases when compared to EEHV-negative controls. We have hypothesized that this could be attributed to the systemic inflammation and disruption of small blood vessels, followed by the disseminated intravascular coagulopathy that enhanced hemorrhagic and edematous lesions in EEHV-HD cases. Our findings have brought attention to the potential application of effective preventive and therapeutic protocols to treat EEHV infection in Asian elephants.
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Patil AM, Choi JY, Park SO, Uyangaa E, Kim B, Kim K, Eo SK. Type I IFN signaling limits hemorrhage-like disease after infection with Japanese encephalitis virus through modulating a prerequisite infection of CD11b +Ly-6C + monocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:136. [PMID: 34130738 PMCID: PMC8204625 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The crucial role of type I interferon (IFN-I, IFN-α/β) is well known to control central nervous system (CNS) neuroinflammation caused by neurotrophic flaviviruses such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus. However, an in-depth analysis of IFN-I signal-dependent cellular factors that govern CNS-restricted tropism in JEV infection in vivo remains to be elucidated. Methods Viral dissemination, tissue tropism, and cytokine production were examined in IFN-I signal-competent and -incompetent mice after JEV inoculation in tissues distal from the CNS such as the footpad. Bone marrow (BM) chimeric models were used for defining hematopoietic and tissue-resident cells in viral dissemination and tissue tropism. Results The paradoxical and interesting finding was that IFN-I signaling was essentially required for CNS neuroinflammation following JEV inoculation in distal footpad tissue. IFN-I signal-competent mice died after a prolonged neurological illness, but IFN-I signal-incompetent mice all succumbed without neurological signs. Rather, IFN-I signal-incompetent mice developed hemorrhage-like disease as evidenced by thrombocytopenia, functional injury of the liver and kidney, increased vascular leakage, and excessive cytokine production. This hemorrhage-like disease was closely associated with quick viral dissemination and impaired IFN-I innate responses before invasion of JEV into the CNS. Using bone marrow (BM) chimeric models, we found that intrinsic IFN-I signaling in tissue-resident cells in peripheral organs played a major role in inducing the hemorrhage-like disease because IFN-I signal-incompetent recipients of BM cells from IFN-I signal-competent mice showed enhanced viral dissemination, uncontrolled cytokine production, and increased vascular leakage. IFN-I signal-deficient hepatocytes and enterocytes were permissive to JEV replication with impaired induction of antiviral IFN-stimulated genes, and neuron cells derived from both IFN-I signal-competent and -incompetent mice were vulnerable to JEV replication. Finally, circulating CD11b+Ly-6C+ monocytes infiltrated into the distal tissues inoculated by JEV participated in quick viral dissemination to peripheral organs of IFN-I signal-incompetent mice at an early stage. Conclusion An IFN-I signal-dependent model is proposed to demonstrate how CD11b+Ly-6C+ monocytes are involved in restricting the tissue tropism of JEV to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Mahadev Patil
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ok Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Erdenebelig Uyangaa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Koanhoi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilda Vanesa Ayala-Nunez
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM)—CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Raphael Gaudin
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM)—CNRS, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail:
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Salimi H, Cain MD, Jiang X, Roth RA, Beatty WL, Sun C, Klimstra WB, Hou J, Klein RS. Encephalitic Alphaviruses Exploit Caveola-Mediated Transcytosis at the Blood-Brain Barrier for Central Nervous System Entry. mBio 2020; 11:e02731-19. [PMID: 32047126 PMCID: PMC7018649 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02731-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan and western equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV and WEEV, respectively) invade the central nervous system (CNS) early during infection, via neuronal and hematogenous routes. While viral replication mediates host shutoff, including expression of type I interferons (IFN), few studies have addressed how alphaviruses gain access to the CNS during established infection or the mechanisms of viral crossing at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we show that hematogenous dissemination of VEEV and WEEV into the CNS occurs via caveolin-1 (Cav-1)-mediated transcytosis (Cav-MT) across an intact BBB, which is impeded by IFN and inhibitors of RhoA GTPase. Use of reporter and nonreplicative strains also demonstrates that IFN signaling mediates viral restriction within cells comprising the neurovascular unit (NVU), differentially rendering brain endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes permissive to viral replication. Transmission and immunoelectron microscopy revealed early events in virus internalization and Cav-1 association within brain endothelial cells. Cav-1-deficient mice exhibit diminished CNS VEEV and WEEV titers during early infection, whereas viral burdens in peripheral tissues remained unchanged. Our findings show that alphaviruses exploit Cav-MT to enter the CNS and that IFN differentially restricts this process at the BBB.IMPORTANCE VEEV, WEEV, and eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) are emerging infectious diseases in the Americas, and they have caused several major outbreaks in the human and horse population during the past few decades. Shortly after infection, these viruses can infect the CNS, resulting in severe long-term neurological deficits or death. Neuroinvasion has been associated with virus entry into the CNS directly from the bloodstream; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that following peripheral infection alphavirus augments vesicular formation/trafficking at the BBB and utilizes Cav-MT to cross an intact BBB, a process regulated by activators of Rho GTPases within brain endothelium. In vivo examination of early viral entry in Cav-1-deficient mice revealed significantly lower viral burdens in the brain than in similarly infected wild-type animals. These studies identify a potentially targetable pathway to limit neuroinvasion by alphaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Salimi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Matthew D Cain
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiaoping Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robyn A Roth
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wandy L Beatty
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chengqun Sun
- Department of Immunology and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William B Klimstra
- Department of Immunology and Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianghui Hou
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robyn S Klein
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Norouzi M, Amerian M, Amerian M, Atyabi F. Clinical applications of nanomedicine in cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:107-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Srivorakul S, Guntawang T, Kochagul V, Photichai K, Sittisak T, Janyamethakul T, Boonprasert K, Khammesri S, Langkaphin W, Punyapornwithaya V, Chuammitri P, Thitaram C, Pringproa K. Possible roles of monocytes/macrophages in response to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) infections in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222158. [PMID: 31491031 PMCID: PMC6730851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) is the primary cause of acute, highly fatal, hemorrhagic diseases in young Asian elephants. Although monocytopenia is frequently observed in EEHV-HD cases, the role monocytes play in EEHV-disease pathogenesis is unknown. This study seeks to explain the responses of monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of EEHV-HD. Samples of blood, frozen tissues, and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from EEHV1A-HD, EEHV4-HD, co-infected EEHV1A and 4-HD, and EEHV-negative calves were analyzed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the persistent EEHV4-infected and EEHV-negative calves were also studied. The results showed increased infiltration of Iba-1-positive macrophages in the inflamed tissues of the internal organs of elephant calves with EEHV-HD. In addition, cellular apoptosis also increased in the tissues of elephants with EEHV-HD, especially in the PBMCs, compared to the EEHV-negative control. In the PBMCs of persistent EEHV4-infected elephants, cytokine mRNA expression was high, particularly up-regulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ. Moreover, viral particles were observed in the cytoplasm of the persistent EEHV4-infected elephant monocytes. Our study demonstrated for the first time that apoptosis of the PBMCs increased in cases of EEHV-HD. Furthermore, this study showed that monocytes may serve as a vehicle for viral dissemination during EEHV infection in Asian elephants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saralee Srivorakul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thunyamas Guntawang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Varankpicha Kochagul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kornravee Photichai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tidaratt Sittisak
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Khajohnpat Boonprasert
- Center of Excellence in Elephant and Wildlife Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chatchote Thitaram
- Center of Excellence in Elephant and Wildlife Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Elephant and Wildlife Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Khaiboullina S, Uppal T, Kletenkov K, St Jeor SC, Garanina E, Rizvanov A, Verma SC. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinase Activation in Zika Virus Infected Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:642. [PMID: 31249527 PMCID: PMC6582368 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The deformities in the newborns infected with Zika virus (ZIKV) present a new potential public health threat to the worldwide community. Although ZIKV infection is mainly asymptomatic in healthy adults, infection during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other severe brain defects and potentially death of the fetus. The detailed mechanism of ZIKV-associated damage is still largely unknown; however, it is apparent that the virus crosses the placental barrier to reach the fetus. Endothelial cells are the key structural component of the placental barrier. Endothelium integrity as semi-permeable barrier is essential to control the molecules and leukocytes trafficking across the placenta. Damaged endothelium or disruption of adherens junctions could compromise endothelial barrier integrity causing leakage and inflammation. Endothelial cells are often targeted by viruses, including the members of the Flaviviridae family such as dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV); however, little is known about the effects of ZIKV infection of endothelial cell functions. Our transcriptomic data have demonstrated that the large number of cytokines is affected in ZIKV-infected endothelial cells, where significant changes in 13 and 11 cytokines were identified in cells infected with PRVABC59 and IBH30656 ZIKV strains, respectively. Importantly, these cytokines include chemokines attracting mononuclear leukocytes (monocytes and lymphocytes) as well as neutrophils. Additionally, changes in matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) were detected in ZIKV-infected cells. Furthermore, we for the first time showed that ZIKV infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increases endothelial permeability. We reason that increased endothelial permeability was due to apoptosis of endothelial cells caused by caspase-8 activation in ZIKV-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Khaiboullina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Timsy Uppal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Konstatin Kletenkov
- Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Stephen Charles St Jeor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States.,Genequest LLC, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Ekaterina Garanina
- Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Department of Exploratory Research, Scientific and Educational Center of Pharmaceutics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Subhash C Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
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Cipitelli MDC, Amâncio Paiva I, Badolato-Corrêa J, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM. Influence of chemokines on the endothelial permeability and cellular transmigration during dengue. Immunol Lett 2019; 212:88-97. [PMID: 31181280 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
During a pathogenic infection, an inflammatory process is triggered in which several inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, complement system components, nitric oxide, and others induce integrity alteration on the endothelial barrier. Chemokines are responsible for regulating leukocyte trafficking under homeostatic conditions as well as activating immune system cells under inflammatory conditions. They are crucial molecules in the early stages of infection, leading to the recruitment of immune cells, namely neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T cells (NKT), dendritic cells (DC), T lymphocytes and all cells expressing chemokine receptors for inflammatory sites. Other functions, such as collagen production, tissue repair, a proliferation of hematopoietic precursors and angiogenesis, are also performed by these molecules. Chemokines, amongst inflammatory mediators, play a key role in dengue immunopathogenesis. Dengue fever is a disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). It is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic cases to mild and severe symptomatic ones. As for the latter, the appearance of hemorrhagic manifestations and changes in vascular permeability may lead the patient to develop cavitary effusions, organ involvement, and even death. As chemokines exert an influence on various homeostatic and inflammatory processes, acting vigorously on vascular endothelial activation and cell migration, the main purpose of this chapter is to discuss the influence of chemokines on the alteration of endothelial permeability and migration of T lymphocytes in DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio da Costa Cipitelli
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iury Amâncio Paiva
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Badolato-Corrêa
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Fundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Suttitheptumrong A, Rawarak N, Reamtong O, Boonnak K, Pattanakitsakul SN. Plectin is Required for Trans-Endothelial Permeability: A Model of Plectin Dysfunction in Human Endothelial Cells After TNF-α Treatment and Dengue Virus Infection. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800215. [PMID: 30365215 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The clinical sign of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in humans is increased vascular permeability. Virus-specific factors and host factors, including secreted cytokines and especially TNF-α, are suggested as having roles in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Proteomic analysis with MS is performed in membrane fraction isolated from human endothelial cells (EA.hy926) upon DENV infection and TNF-α treatment. In the 451 altered proteins that are identified, decreased plectin expression is revealed by Western blot analysis, while immunofluorescence staining (IFA) shows actin stress fiber rearrangement and decreased VE-cadherin in treated EA.hy926 cells. In vitro vascular permeability assay was used to determine transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in EA.hy926 cells seeded on collagen-coated Transwell inserts. The low level of TEER, the low expression of plectin and VE-cadherin, and the unusual organization of actin stress fiber are found to be correlated with increased membrane permeability in DENV2 and TNF-α-treated EA.hy926 cells. Similar results are observed when using siRNA knockdown plectin in mock EA.hy926 cells. This study provides better understanding of the role that disruption of cytoskeleton linker protein plays in increased vascular permeability, and suggests these factors as major contributors to vascular leakage in DHF/DSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroonroong Suttitheptumrong
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nantapon Rawarak
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kobporn Boonnak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sa-Nga Pattanakitsakul
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Potential of siRNA-albumin complex against cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 295:93-96. [PMID: 29709588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Agarwal A, Aggarwal K, Dogra M, Kumar A, Akella M, Katoch D, Bansal R, Singh R, Gupta V. Dengue-Induced Inflammatory, Ischemic Foveolitis and Outer Maculopathy: A Swept-Source Imaging Evaluation. Ophthalmol Retina 2018; 3:170-177. [PMID: 31014768 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dengue maculopathy can present with a unique constellation of features resulting in significant central visual morbidity. We aim to describe various findings of dengue-induced inflammatory, ischemic foveolitis, and outer maculopathy (DIII-FOM) and assess the serial changes in vitreous inflammation, retinal structure, and vascularity using swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). DESIGN Retrospective case series. PARTICIPANTS A total of 32 eyes (16 patients; 7 male) with dengue fever (positive serology for NS1 antigen) were enrolled in the study. METHODS In this study, serial assessments of ocular findings and imaging using fundus photography, SS-OCT, and SS-OCTA were performed. All the patients received 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day oral prednisolone that was tapered over 4 to 6 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Outcome measures included functional change, that is, improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), structural changes in the vitreous and retinal layers on SS-OCT, and retinal perfusion on OCTA. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 29.17±10.91 years. Swept-source OCT showed vitreous cells (32 eyes; 100%), disruption of outer retinal layers (foveolitis) (24 eyes; 75%), and conical foveal elevation (22 eyes; 68.75%). After initiation of systemic corticosteroids, all the eyes showed resolution of vitreous cells and improvement in the integrity of retinal layers. Mean BCVA improved from an initial 0.80±0.33 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) to 0.23±0.36 logMAR. Retinal plexus flow deficit (superficial plexus: 0.10±0.12 mm2; deep plexus: 0.29±0.13 mm2) persisted in all eyes and correlated well with initial BCVA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The pathophysiology of dengue maculopathy involves both ischemic and inflammatory components. Early institution of corticosteroid therapy may help in resolution of the inflammation-driven vitreoretinal alterations, but ischemia of the deep retinal plexuses may persist and may be the cause of permanent structural and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Agarwal
- Advanced Eye Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kanika Aggarwal
- Advanced Eye Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mohit Dogra
- Advanced Eye Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- Advanced Eye Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Madhuri Akella
- Advanced Eye Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deeksha Katoch
- Advanced Eye Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Reema Bansal
- Advanced Eye Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Advanced Eye Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Advanced Eye Center, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, India.
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