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Ressel S, Kumar S, Bermúdez-Barrientos JR, Gordon K, Lane J, Wu J, Abreu-Goodger C, Schwarze J, Buck A. RNA-RNA interactions between respiratory syncytial virus and miR-26 and miR-27 are associated with regulation of cell cycle and antiviral immunity. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4872-4888. [PMID: 38412296 PMCID: PMC11109944 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate nearly all physiological processes but our understanding of exactly how they function remains incomplete, particularly in the context of viral infections. Here, we adapt a biochemical method (CLEAR-CLIP) and analysis pipeline to identify targets of miRNAs in lung cells infected with Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). We show that RSV binds directly to miR-26 and miR-27 through seed pairing and demonstrate that these miRNAs target distinct gene networks associated with cell cycle and metabolism (miR-27) and antiviral immunity (miR-26). Many of the targets are de-repressed upon infection and we show that the miR-27 targets most sensitive to miRNA inhibition are those associated with cell cycle. Finally, we demonstrate that high confidence chimeras map to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and pseudogenes in transcriptional regulatory regions. We validate that a proportion of miR-27 and Argonaute 2 (AGO2) is nuclear and identify a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) as a miR-27 target that is linked to transcriptional regulation of nearby genes. This work expands the target networks of miR-26 and miR-27 to include direct interactions with RSV and lncRNAs and implicate these miRNAs in regulation of key genes that impact the viral life cycle associated with cell cycle, metabolism, and antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ressel
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Sujai Kumar
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | | | - Katrina Gordon
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Julia Lane
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Jin Wu
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Cei Abreu-Goodger
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Amy H Buck
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
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2
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You G, Li W, Wang Y, Cao H, Li X, Gao L, Zheng SJ. Reduced NR2F2 Expression in the Host Response to Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection Suppressed Viral Replication by Enhancing Type I Interferon Expression by Targeting SOCS5. J Virol 2023; 97:e0066423. [PMID: 37358466 PMCID: PMC10373545 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00664-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that play an important role in regulating innate antiviral immunity and other biological processes. However, the role of nuclear receptors in the host response to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection remains elusive. In this study, we show that IBDV infection or poly(I·C) treatment of DF-1 or HD11 cells markedly decreased nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2 (NR2F2) expression. Surprisingly, knockdown, knockout, or inhibition of NR2F2 expression in host cells remarkably inhibited IBDV replication and promoted IBDV/poly(I·C)-induced type I interferon and interferon-stimulated genes expression. Furthermore, our data show that NR2F2 negatively regulates the antiviral innate immune response by promoting the suppressor of cytokine signaling 5 (SOCS5) expression. Thus, reduced NR2F2 expression in the host response to IBDV infection inhibited viral replication by enhancing the expression of type I interferon by targeting SOCS5. These findings reveal that NR2F2 plays a crucial role in antiviral innate immunity, furthering our understanding of the mechanism underlying the host response to viral infection. IMPORTANCE Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is an immunosuppressive disease causing considerable economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Nuclear receptors play an important role in regulating innate antiviral immunity. However, the role of nuclear receptors in the host response to IBD virus (IBDV) infection remains elusive. Here, we report that NR2F2 expression decreased in IBDV-infected cells, which consequently reduced SOCS5 expression, promoted type I interferon expression, and suppressed IBDV infection. Thus, NR2F2 serves as a negative factor in the host response to IBDV infection by regulating SOCS5 expression, and intervention in the NR2F2-mediated host response by specific inhibitors might be employed as a strategy for prevention and treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangju You
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shijun J. Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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3
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Jiang H, Zhang X, Li X, Wang X, Zhang N, Gong P, Zhang X, Yu Y, Li J. Cryptosporidium parvum regulates HCT-8 cell autophagy to facilitate survival via inhibiting miR-26a and promoting miR-30a expression. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:470. [PMID: 36522638 PMCID: PMC9756778 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptosporidium parvum is an important zoonotic parasite, which not only causes economic losses in animal husbandry but also harms human health. Due to the lack of effective measures for prevention and treatment, it is important to understand the pathogenesis and survival mechanism of C. parvum. Autophagy is an important mechanism of host cells against parasite infection through key regulatory factors such as microRNAs and MAPK pathways. However, the regulatory effect of C. parvum on autophagy has not been reported. Here, we demonstrated that C. parvum manipulated autophagy through host cellular miR-26a, miR-30a, ERK signaling and P38 signaling for parasite survival. METHODS The expression of Beclin1, p62, LC3, ERK and P38 was detected using western blotting in HCT-8 cells infected with C. parvum as well as treated with miR-26a-mimic, miR-30a-mimic, miR-26a-mimic or miR-30a-inhibitor post C. parvum infection. The qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-26a and miR-30a and the number of C. parvum in HCT-8 cells. Besides, the accumulation of autophagosomes was examined using immunofluorescence. RESULTS The expression of Beclin1 and p62 was increased, whereas LC3 expression was increased initially at 0-8 h but decreased at 12 h and then increased again in C. parvum-infected cells. C. parvum inhibited miR-26a-mimic-induced miR-26a but promoted miR-30a-mimic-induced miR-30a expression. Suppressing miR-30a resulted in increased expression of LC3 and Beclin1. However, upregulation of miR-26a reduced ERK/P38 phosphorylation, and inhibiting ERK/P38 signaling promoted Beclin1 and LC3 while reducing p62 expression. Treatment with miR-26a-mimic, autophagy inducer or ERK/P38 signaling inhibitors reduced but treatment with autophagy inhibitor or miR-30a-mimic increased parasite number. CONCLUSIONS The study found that C. parvum could regulate autophagy by inhibiting miR-26a and promoting miR-30a expression to facilitate the proliferation of parasites. These results revealed a new mechanism for the interaction of C. parvum with host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Jiang
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Xu Zhang
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Xin Li
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Nan Zhang
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Pengtao Gong
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Xichen Zhang
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
| | - Yanhui Yu
- grid.452829.00000000417660726The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Jianhua Li
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062 China
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4
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Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling 5 (SOCS5) Modulates Inflammatory Responses during Alphavirus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112476. [PMID: 36366574 PMCID: PMC9692489 DOI: 10.3390/v14112476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CNS viral infections are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and a significant global public health concern. Uncontrolled inflammation and immune responses in the brain, despite their protective roles, can also be harmful. The suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins is one of the key mechanisms controlling inflammatory and immune responses across all tissues including the brain. SOCS5 is highly expressed in the brain but there is little understanding of its role in the CNS. Using a mouse model of encephalitis, we demonstrate that lack of SOCS5 results in changes in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of a neurotropic virus infection. Relative to wild-type mice, SOCS5-deficient mice had greater weight loss, dysregulated cytokine production and increased neuroinflammatory infiltrates composed predominantly of CD11b+ cells. We conclude that in the brain, SOCS5 is a vital regulator of anti-viral immunity that mediates the critical balance between immunopathology and virus persistence.
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5
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Zhang X, Liang Z, Wang C, Shen Z, Sun S, Gong C, Hu X. Viral Circular RNAs and Their Possible Roles in Virus-Host Interaction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939768. [PMID: 35784275 PMCID: PMC9247149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) as novel regulatory molecules have been recognized in diverse species, including viruses. The virus-derived circRNAs play various roles in the host biological process and the life cycle of the viruses. This review summarized the circRNAs from the DNA and RNA viruses and discussed the biogenesis of viral and host circRNAs, the potential roles of viral circRNAs, and their future perspective. This review will elaborate on new insights gained on viruses encoded circRNAs during virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zi Liang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zeen Shen
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sufei Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolong Hu, ; Chengliang Gong,
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaolong Hu, ; Chengliang Gong,
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6
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Song Q, Zhao X, Cao C, Duan M, Shao C, Jiang S, Zhou B, Zhou Y, Dong W, Yang Y, Wang X, Song H. Research advances on interferon (IFN) response during BVDV infection. Res Vet Sci 2022; 149:151-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Poornajaf Y, Dashti F, Hussen BM, Taheri M, Jamali E. Interaction Between Non-Coding RNAs and Interferons: With an Especial Focus on Type I Interferons. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877243. [PMID: 35572537 PMCID: PMC9091820 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of cellular proteins with critical roles in the regulation of immune responses in the course of microbial infections. Moreover, expressions of IFNs are dysregulated in autoimmune disorders. IFNs are also a part of immune responses in malignant conditions. The expression of these proteins and activities of related signaling can be influenced by a number of non-coding RNAs. IFN regulatory factors (IRFs) are the most investigated molecules in the field of effects of non-coding RNAs on IFN signaling. These interactions have been best assessed in the context of cancer, revealing the importance of immune function in the pathoetiology of cancer. In addition, IFN-related non-coding RNAs may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric conditions, systemic sclerosis, Newcastle disease, Sjögren’s syndrome, traumatic brain injury, lupus nephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. In the current review, we describe the role of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the regulation of IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Poornajaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Dashti
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Elena Jamali
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Wang Y, Han Y, Wang L, Zou M, Sun Y, Sun H, Guo Q, Peng X. Mycoplasma gallisepticum escapes the host immune response via gga-miR-365-3p/SOCS5/STATs axis. Vet Res 2022; 53:103. [PMID: 36471418 PMCID: PMC9721073 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A disruption in the expression of gga-miR-365-3p was confirmed in the Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG)-infected Chicken primary alveolar type II epithelial (CP-II) cells based on previous sequencing results, but the role it plays in the infection was unclear. In the present study, we demonstrate that MG evaded cellular host immunity via a gga-miR-365-3p/SOCS5-JAK/STATs negative feedback loop. Specifically, we found that at the initial stage of MG infection in cells, gga-miR-365-3p was rapidly increased and activated the JAK/STAT signaling pathway by inhibiting SOCS5, which induced the secretion of inflammatory factors and triggered immune response against MG infection. Over time, though, the infection progressed, MG gradually destroyed the immune defences of CP-II cells. In late stages of infection, MG escaped host immunity by reducing intracellular gga-miR-365-3p and inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway to suppress the secretion of inflammatory factors and promote MG adhesion or invasion. These results revealed the game between MG and host cell interactions, providing a new perspective to gain insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of MG or other pathogens. Meanwhile, they also contributed to novel thoughts on the prevention and control of MG and other pathogenic infections, shedding light on the immune modulating response triggered by pathogen invasion and their molecular targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Han
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyun Zou
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yingfei Sun
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Huanling Sun
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Qiao Guo
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Peng
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei 430070 Wuhan, China
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9
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Hu T, Pan M, Yin Y, Wang C, Cui Y, Wang Q. The Regulatory Network of Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-Stimulator of Interferon Genes Pathway in Viral Evasion. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:790714. [PMID: 34966372 PMCID: PMC8711784 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.790714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus infection has been consistently threatening public health. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) pathway is a critical defender to sense various pathogens and trigger innate immunity of mammalian cells. cGAS recognizes the pathogenic DNA in the cytosol and then synthesizes 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'cGAMP). As the second messenger, cGAMP activates STING and induces the following cascade to produce type I interferon (IFN-I) to protect against infections. However, viruses have evolved numerous strategies to hinder the cGAS-STING signal transduction, promoting their immune evasion. Here we outline the current status of the viral evasion mechanism underlying the regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway, focusing on how post-transcriptional modifications, viral proteins, and non-coding RNAs involve innate immunity during viral infection, attempting to inspire new targets discovery and uncover potential clinical antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Cui
- Division of Immunology, The Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Quanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Capozza P, Pratelli A, Camero M, Lanave G, Greco G, Pellegrini F, Tempesta M. Feline Coronavirus and Alpha-Herpesvirus Infections: Innate Immune Response and Immune Escape Mechanisms. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123548. [PMID: 34944324 PMCID: PMC8698202 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Feline coronavirus (FCoV) and feline herpesvirus-1 (FeHV-1) can induce infections that are difficult to prevent and to treat due to the involvement of host genetic factors and immune mechanisms. These two viruses areimportant examples of viral immune evasion of the host’s innate immune response. The innate immune system provides an early form of host protection from infectious diseases without pre-exposure and plays an essential role in determining the outcome of viral infections. The mechanisms that the innate immune system utilizes to counteract infections are based on therecognition of a relatively limited set of molecular structures that are either products of microbes (virus, bacteria, fungi, parasites) or expressed by injured or dead host cells. This review provides a brief overview of the main mechanisms achieved by host’s innate immunity, focusing primarily on the immune escape mechanisms developed and carried out by FCoV and FeHV-1 during infection. Abstract Over time, feline viruses have acquired elaborateopportunistic properties, making their infections particularly difficult to prevent and treat. Feline coronavirus (FCoV) and feline herpesvirus-1 (FeHV-1), due to the involvement of host genetic factors and immune mechanisms in the development of the disease and more severe forms, are important examples of immune evasion of the host’s innate immune response by feline viruses.It is widely accepted that the innate immune system, which providesan initial universal form of the mammalian host protection from infectious diseases without pre-exposure, plays an essential role in determining the outcome of viral infection.The main components of this immune systembranchare represented by the internal sensors of the host cells that are able to perceive the presence of viral component, including nucleic acids, to start and trigger the production of first type interferon and to activate the cytotoxicity by Natural Killercells, often exploited by viruses for immune evasion.In this brief review, we providea general overview of the principal tools of innate immunity, focusing on the immunologic escape implemented byFCoVand FeHV-1 duringinfection.
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11
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Hu J, Stojanović J, Yasamineh S, Yasamineh P, Karuppannan SK, Hussain Dowlath MJ, Serati-Nouri H. The potential use of microRNAs as a therapeutic strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2649-2672. [PMID: 34278528 PMCID: PMC8286877 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, there is no effective therapeutic approach for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized to target the viral genome directly or indirectly, thereby inhibiting viral replication. Several studies have demonstrated that host miRNAs target different sites in SARS-CoV-2 RNA and constrain the production of essential viral proteins. Furthermore, miRNAs have lower toxicity, are more immunogenic, and are more diverse than protein-based and even plasmid-DNA-based therapeutic agents. In this review, we emphasize the role of miRNAs in viral infection and their potential use as therapeutic agents against COVID-19 disease. The potential of novel miRNA delivery strategies, especially EDV™ nanocells, for targeting lung tissue for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulue Hu
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang, 473004, Henan, China
| | - Jelena Stojanović
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science in Belgrade, ALFA BK University, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Pooneh Yasamineh
- Young Researcher and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sathish Kumar Karuppannan
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research and Virtual Education, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hamed Serati-Nouri
- Stem cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Beatty JA, Hartmann K. Advances in Feline Viruses and Viral Diseases. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050923. [PMID: 34067533 PMCID: PMC8156448 DOI: 10.3390/v13050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Beatty
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and Centre for Companion Animal Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
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13
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Paniri A, Hosseini MM, Moballegh-Eslam M, Akhavan-Niaki H. Comprehensive in silico identification of impacts of ACE2 SNPs on COVID-19 susceptibility in different populations. GENE REPORTS 2020; 22:100979. [PMID: 33294728 PMCID: PMC7716747 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic emerges a reminder that wide spectrum discrepancy in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and antiviral drugs among different populations might be due to their different ACE2 SNPs and/or miRNAs profile. ACE2 is the major component for SARS-CoV-2s' cell entry, and disruption of its 3D structure could influence virus-ACE2 interaction. In this study we aimed to investigate the consequence of 16,860 SNPs within ACE2 on its expression as well as protein folding, function, and stability by using several beneficial bioinformatics tools. Only 64 SNPs including 60 intronic, and 4 missense showed different frequencies among different populations. Two missense SNPs including rs149039346 and rs147311723 have been predicted to strongly influence the function and stability of ACE2. rs1514283 creates new acceptor splice site. Also, rs4646175 creates new donor and acceptor splice site. PolymiRTS, and miRSNPs have predicted that rs3746444, rs113808830, and rs3751304 showed a MAF > 0.001, and disrupted mRNA target sites or mRNA function. Finally, rs3746444 hsa-miR-499a-3p, rs113808830 hsa-miR-4532, rs3751304 hsa-miR-6763-3p and hsa-miR-26b-5p were strongly hybridized with ACE2 and might influence its function. Collectively, this study shed some light on fundamental roles of ACE2 SNPs for its interaction with COVID-19, and consequently susceptibility to virus. Therefore, different responses of patients with COVID-19 to ACE2 blocker drugs might be due to their unique ACE2 SNPs. We further discussed the impact of SNPs on miRNAs profile as a factor that may modulate drug response or susceptibility to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Paniri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | | | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Genetics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran
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Kumar S, Maurya VK, Kabir R, Nayak D, Khurana A, Manchanda RK, Gadugu S, Shanker K, Saxena SK. Antiviral Activity of Belladonna During Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection via Inhibition of Microglia Activation and Inflammation Leading to Neuronal Cell Survival. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3683-3696. [PMID: 33054164 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the main cause of viral encephalitis resulting in more than 68 000 clinical cases every year with case fatality rate as high as 30-40% for which no specific treatments are available. We have recently exhibited belladonna may be widely applicable for the treatment of various neurological disorders. Therefore, we developed a hydroalcoholic formulation of belladonna (B200) consisting of atropine and scopolamine and showed its antiviral efficacy against JEV infection. B200 treatment increases neuronal cell survival by reducing JEV induced cytopathic effects which were evident from significant reduction in necrotic cell population by flow-cytometry analysis and caspase 3 and 8 enzymatic activities. B200 treatment was found to reduce the intracellular JEV level observed by significant reduction in JEV-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) expression in both neurons and microglia. Because microglia plays a crucial role in JEV pathogenesis, we further investigated the anti-JEV effects of B200 on human microglia cells and elucidated the mechanism of action by performing whole-transcriptome sequencing. Gene expression analysis revealed that B200 reduces the pro-apoptotic and inflammatory gene expression observed by significant reduction in BAD, BAX, CASP3, CASP8, IL1B, and CXCL10 and increase in IL10 responsive gene expression. Interestingly, our molecular docking analysis revealed that atropine and scopolamine interact with the His288 residue of NS3 protein, a crucial residue for RNA unwinding and ATPase activity that was further confirmed by degradation of NS3 protein. Drug likeness, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), and toxicity analysis further suggests that atropine and scopolamine both cross the blood-brain barrier, which is crucial for effective treatment of Japanese encephalitis (JE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatantra Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Vimal K. Maurya
- Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Russell Kabir
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anil Khurana
- CCRH, Ministry of Ayush, Janakpuri, New Delhi 110058, India
| | | | - Srinivasulu Gadugu
- Department of Medicine, JSPS Government Medical College, Hyderabad 500013, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Shailendra K. Saxena
- Centre for Advanced Research (CFAR), Faculty of Medicine, King George’s Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow 226003, India
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Mansouri K, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Ghanbri-Movahed M, Safarzadeh M, Kiani S, Ghanbari-Movahed Z. Can a metabolism-targeted therapeutic intervention successfully subjugate SARS-COV-2? A scientific rational. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110694. [PMID: 32920511 PMCID: PMC7451059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a process entailing a high turnover of the host cell molecules, viral replication is required for a successful viral infection and requests virus capacity to acquire the macromolecules required for its propagation. To this end, viruses have adopted several strategies to harness cellular metabolism in accordance with their specific demands. Most viruses upregulate specific cellular anabolic pathways and are largely dependent on such alterations. RNA viruses, for example, upregulate both glycolysisand glycogenolysis providing TCA cycle intermediates essential for anabolic lipogenesis. Also, these infections usually induce the PPP, leading to increased nucleotide levels supporting viral replication. SARS-CoV-2 (the cause of COVID-19)that has so far spread from China throughout the world is also an RNA virus. Owing to the more metabolic plasticity of uninfected cells, a promising approach for specific antiviral therapy, which has drawn a lot of attention in the recent years, would be the targeting of metabolic changes induced by viruses. In the current review, we first summarize some of virus-induced metabolic adaptations and then based on these information as well as SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, propose a potential therapeutic modality for this calamitous world-spreading virus with the hope of employing this strategy for near-future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghanbri-Movahed
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Safarzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Kiani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghanbari-Movahed
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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