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Jiang N, Zhao H, Qin X, Zhang YA, Tu J. Siah2- and LRSAM1-mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of snakehead vesiculovirus nucleoprotein facilitates viral replication. J Virol 2024; 98:e0020224. [PMID: 38842318 PMCID: PMC11265452 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00202-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleoprotein (N) is well known for its function in the encapsidation of the genomic RNAs of negative-strand RNA viruses, which leads to the formation of ribonucleoproteins that serve as templates for viral transcription and replication. However, the function of the N protein in other aspects during viral infection is far from clear. In this study, the N protein of snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV), a kind of fish rhabdovirus, was proved to be ubiquitinated mainly via K63-linked ubiquitination. We identified nine host E3 ubiquitin ligases that interacted with SHVV N, among which seven E3 ubiquitin ligases facilitated ubiquitination of the N protein. Further investigation revealed that only two E3 ubiquitin ligases, Siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (Siah2) and leucine-rich repeat and sterile alpha motif containing 1 (LRSAM1), mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of the N protein. SHVV infection upregulated the expression of Siah2 and LRSAM1, which maintained the stability of SHVV N. Besides, overexpression of Siah2 or LRSAM1 promoted SHVV replication, while knockdown of Siah2 or LRSAM1 inhibited SHVV replication. Deletion of the ligase domain of Siah2 or LRSAM1 did not affect their interactions with SHVV N but reduced the K63-linked ubiquitination of SHVV N and SHVV replication. In summary, Siah2 and LRSAM1 mediate K63-linked ubiquitination of SHVV N to facilitate SHVV replication, which provides novel insights into the role of the N proteins of negative-strand RNA viruses. IMPORTANCE Ubiquitination of viral protein plays an important role in viral replication. However, the ubiquitination of the nucleoprotein (N) of negative-strand RNA viruses has rarely been investigated. This study aimed at investigating the ubiquitination of the N protein of a fish rhabdovirus SHVV (snakehead vesiculovirus), identifying the related host E3 ubiquitin ligases, and determining the role of SHVV N ubiquitination and host E3 ubiquitin ligases in viral replication. We found that SHVV N was ubiquitinated mainly via K63-linked ubiquitination, which was mediated by host E3 ubiquitin ligases Siah2 (Siah E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2) and LRSAM1 (leucine-rich repeat and sterile alpha motif containing 1). The data suggested that Siah2 and LRSAM1 were hijacked by SHVV to ubiquitinate the N protein for viral replication, which exhibited novel anti-SHVV targets for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangmou Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiagang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Qin X, Jiang N, Zhu J, Zhang YA, Tu J. Snakehead vesiculovirus hijacks SH3RF1 for replication via mediating K63-linked ubiquitination at K264 of the phosphoprotein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128201. [PMID: 37979762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV) is a type of rhabdovirus that causes serious economic losses in snakehead fish culture in China. However, no specific antiviral drugs or vaccines are currently available for SHVV infection. In this study, 4D label-free ubiquitome analysis of SHVV-infected cells revealed dozens of ubiquitinated sites on the five SHVV proteins. We focused on investigating the ubiquitination of phosphoprotein (P), a viral polymerase co-factor involved in viral replication. SHVV-P was proved to be ubiquitinated via K63-linked ubiquitination at lysine 264 (K264). Overexpression of wild-type P, but not its K264R mutant, facilitated SHVV replication, indicating that K264 ubiquitination of the P protein is critical for SHVV replication. RNAi screening of 26 cellular E3 ubiquitin ligases identified five pro-viral factors for SHVV replication, including macrophage erythroblast attacher (MAEA), TNF receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7), and SH3 domain-containing ring finger protein 1 (SH3RF1), which interacted with and mediated ubiquitination of SHVV P. TRAF7 and SH3RF1, but not MAEA, mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of SHVV P, while only SH3RF1 mediated K264 ubiquitination of SHVV P. Besides, overexpression of SH3RF1 promoted SHVV replication and maintained the stability of SHVV P. In summary, SH3RF1 mediated K63-linked ubiquitination of SHVV P at K264 to facilitate SHVV replication, providing targets for developing anti-SHVV drugs and live-attenuated SHVV vaccines. Our study provides novel insights into the role of P protein in the replication of single-stranded, negative-sense RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmou Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jiagang Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Sabsay KR, te Velthuis AJW. Negative and ambisense RNA virus ribonucleocapsids: more than protective armor. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2023; 87:e0008223. [PMID: 37750733 PMCID: PMC10732063 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00082-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYNegative and ambisense RNA viruses are the causative agents of important human diseases such as influenza, measles, Lassa fever, and Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The viral genome of these RNA viruses consists of one or more single-stranded RNA molecules that are encapsidated by viral nucleocapsid proteins to form a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). This RNP acts as protection, as a scaffold for RNA folding, and as the context for viral replication and transcription by a viral RNA polymerase. However, the roles of the viral nucleoproteins extend beyond these functions during the viral infection cycle. Recent advances in structural biology techniques and analysis methods have provided new insights into the formation, function, dynamics, and evolution of negative sense virus nucleocapsid proteins, as well as the role that they play in host innate immune responses against viral infection. In this review, we discuss the various roles of nucleocapsid proteins, both in the context of RNPs and in RNA-free states, as well as the open questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R. Sabsay
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Aartjan J. W. te Velthuis
- Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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Meng XY, Jiang QQ, Yu XD, Zhang QY, Ke F. Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) inhibits Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) infection through two distinct mechanisms. J Virol 2023; 97:e0122623. [PMID: 37861337 PMCID: PMC10688370 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01226-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although a virus can regulate many cellular responses to facilitate its replication by interacting with host proteins, the host can also restrict virus infection through these interactions. In the present study, we showed that the host eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A), an essential protein in the translation machinery, interacted with two proteins of a fish rhabdovirus, Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV), and inhibited virus infection via two different mechanisms: (i) inhibiting the formation of crucial viral protein complexes required for virus transcription and replication and (ii) promoting the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of viral protein. We also revealed the functional regions of eEF1A that are involved in the two processes. Such a host protein inhibiting a rhabdovirus infection in two ways is rarely reported. These findings provided new information for the interactions between host and fish rhabdovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yu Meng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Qi Jiang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Dong Yu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Ya Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ke
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Campbell LK, Peery RM, Magor KE. Evolution and expression of the duck TRIM gene repertoire. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1220081. [PMID: 37622121 PMCID: PMC10445537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are involved in development, innate immunity, and viral restriction. TRIM gene repertoires vary between species, likely due to diversification caused by selective pressures from pathogens; however, this has not been explored in birds. We mined a de novo assembled transcriptome for the TRIM gene repertoire of the domestic mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos), a reservoir host of influenza A viruses. We found 57 TRIM genes in the duck, which represent all 12 subfamilies based on their C-terminal domains. Members of the C-IV subfamily with C-terminal PRY-SPRY domains are known to augment immune responses in mammals. We compared C-IV TRIM proteins between reptiles, birds, and mammals and show that many C-IV subfamily members have arisen independently in these lineages. A comparison of the MHC-linked C-IV TRIM genes reveals expansions in birds and reptiles. The TRIM25 locus with related innate receptor modifiers is adjacent to the MHC in reptile and marsupial genomes, suggesting the ancestral organization. Within the avian lineage, both the MHC and TRIM25 loci have undergone significant TRIM gene reorganizations and divergence, both hallmarks of pathogen-driven selection. To assess the expression of TRIM genes, we aligned RNA-seq reads from duck tissues. C-IV TRIMs had high relative expression in immune relevant sites such as the lung, spleen, kidney, and intestine, and low expression in immune privileged sites such as in the brain or gonads. Gene loss and gain in the evolution of the TRIM repertoire in birds suggests candidate immune genes and potential targets of viral subversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K. Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rhiannon M. Peery
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katharine E. Magor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Zhao X, Ji N, Guo J, Huang W, Feng J, Shi Y, Chen K, Wang J, Zou J. Zebrafish SETD3 mediated ubiquitination of phosphoprotein limits spring viremia of carp virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108870. [PMID: 37269914 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysine methylation is a post-translational modification of histone and non-histone proteins and affects numerous cellular processes. The actin histidine methyltransferase SET domain containing 3 (SETD3) is a member of the protein lysine methyltransferase (PKMT) family which catalyse the addition of methyl groups to lysine residues. However, the role of SETD3 in virus-mediated innate immune responses has rarely been investigated. In this study, zebrafish SETD3 was shown to be induced by poly(I:C) and spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) and inhibited virus infection. Further, it was found that SETD3 directly interacted with SVCV phosphoprotein (SVCV P) in the cytoplasm of EPC cells, initiating ubiquitination to degrade the SVCV P protein via the proteasomal pathway. Interestingly, mutants lacking the SET and RSB domains were able to promote degradation of SVCV P, indicating that they are not required for SETD3 mediated degradation of SVCV P. Taken together, our study demonstrates that SETD3 is an antiviral factor which limits virus replication by promoting ubiquitination of viral phosphoprotein and subsequent protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Ning Ji
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiahong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Wenji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanjie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China.
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7
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Gao Y, Pan T, Xu G, Li S, Guo J, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Pan J, Ma Y, Xu J, Li Y. Pan-cancer illumination of TRIM gene family reveals immunology regulation and potential therapeutic implications. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:65. [PMID: 36461099 PMCID: PMC9719184 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins function as important regulators in innate immunity, tumorigenesis, cell differentiation and ontogenetic development. However, we still lack knowledge about the genetic and transcriptome alterations landscape of TRIM proteins across cancer types. METHODS We comprehensively reviewed and characterized the perturbations of TRIM genes across > 10,000 samples across 33 cancer types. Genetic mutations and transcriptome of TRIM genes were analyzed by diverse computational methods. A TRIMs score index was calculated based on the expression of TRIM genes. The correlation between TRIMs scores and clinical associations, immune cell infiltrations and immunotherapy response were analyzed by correlation coefficients and gene set enrichment analysis. RESULTS Alterations in TRIM genes and protein levels frequently emerge in a wide range of tumors and affect expression of TRIM genes. In particular, mutations located in domains are likely to be deleterious mutations. Perturbations of TRIM genes are correlated with expressions of immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltrations, which further regulated the cancer- and immune-related pathways. Moreover, we proposed a TRIMs score index, which can accurately predict the clinical outcome of cancer patients. TRIMs scores of patients are correlated with clinical survival and immune therapy response across cancer types. Identifying the TRIM genes with genetic and transcriptome alterations will directly contribute to cancer therapy in the context of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided a comprehensive analysis and resource for guiding both mechanistic and therapeutic analyses of the roles of TRIM genes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Gao
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China ,grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China
| | - Tao Pan
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China ,grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China
| | - Gang Xu
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China
| | - Si Li
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China
| | - Jing Guo
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China
| | - Ya Zhang
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China
| | - Qi Xu
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China
| | - Jiwei Pan
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China
| | - Juan Xu
- grid.410736.70000 0001 2204 9268College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, National Center for International Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China ,grid.443397.e0000 0004 0368 7493College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199 Hainan China
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Zhao M, Sha H, Li H, Zhang H, Huang L, Wang R. Interferon inducible porcine 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase like-1 protein limits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 infection via the MDA5-mediated interferon-signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109151. [PMID: 36007390 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) is a constant threat to the swine industry worldwide. 2', 5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like (OASL) protein has antiviral activity, but this has not been demonstrated for PRRSV-2, and the mechanism is not well elucidated. RESULTS In this study, the expression of OASL1 in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) induced by interferon (IFN)-β stimulation and PRRSV-2 infection was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Ectopic expression and knockdown of porcine OASL1 (pOASL1) indicated the role of OASL1 in PRRSV-2 replication cycle. Results showed that the expression of OASL1 in PAMs was significantly increased by IFN-β stimulation or PRRSV-2 infection. OASL1 specific small interfering RNA promoted PRRSV-2 replication, whereas ectopic expression of pOASL1 inhibited PRRSV-2 infection. The mechanism revealed OASL1 interacts with Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) to increase IFN responses, and the anti-PRRSV-2 activity was lost after the knockdown of the MDA5 RNA sensor. CONCLUSIONS OASL1 inhibits PRRSV-2 infection via the activation of MDA5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyang Sha
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Li
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangzong Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruining Wang
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China.
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Luptak J, Mallery DL, Jahun AS, Albecka A, Clift D, Ather O, Slodkowicz G, Goodfellow I, James LC. TRIM7 Restricts Coxsackievirus and Norovirus Infection by Detecting the C-Terminal Glutamine Generated by 3C Protease Processing. Viruses 2022; 14:1610. [PMID: 35893676 PMCID: PMC9394474 DOI: 10.3390/v14081610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM7 catalyzes the ubiquitination of multiple substrates with unrelated biological functions. This cross-reactivity is at odds with the specificity usually displayed by enzymes, including ubiquitin ligases. Here we show that TRIM7's extreme substrate promiscuity is due to a highly unusual binding mechanism, in which the PRYSPRY domain captures any ligand with a C-terminal helix that terminates in a hydrophobic residue followed by a glutamine. Many of the non-structural proteins found in RNA viruses contain C-terminal glutamines as a result of polyprotein cleavage by 3C protease. This viral processing strategy generates novel substrates for TRIM7 and explains its ability to inhibit Coxsackie virus and norovirus replication. In addition to viral proteins, cellular proteins such as glycogenin have evolved C-termini that make them a TRIM7 substrate. The 'helix-ΦQ' degron motif recognized by TRIM7 is reminiscent of the N-end degron system and is found in ~1% of cellular proteins. These features, together with TRIM7's restricted tissue expression and lack of immune regulation, suggest that viral restriction may not be its physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Luptak
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Donna L. Mallery
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Aminu S. Jahun
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.S.J.); (I.G.)
| | - Anna Albecka
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Dean Clift
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
| | - Osaid Ather
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
| | | | - Ian Goodfellow
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (A.S.J.); (I.G.)
| | - Leo C. James
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; (J.L.); (D.L.M.); (A.A.); (D.C.); (O.A.)
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Li C, Zhou Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Hu J, Ren C, Ding J, Jiang D, Li Y. Porcine TRIM35 positively regulate TRAF3-mediated IFN-β production and inhibit Japanese encephalitis virus replication. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104290. [PMID: 34626690 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif 35 (TRIM35) protein is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that mediates interferon-beta (IFN-β) production via regulating ubiquitination of multiple adaptor proteins in innate immune signaling pathways. Here, we cloned the porcine TRIM35 (porTRIM35) gene and analyzed its involvement in IFN-β expression as well as the antiviral response against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The full-length porTRIM35 gene encoded a 493-amino acid protein and exhibited 79.6%-89.5% sequence similarity with its orthologues in humans, mice, monkeys and rabbits. porTRIM35 possessed typical structural features of TRIMs, including a RING domain, a B-box domain, a coiled-coil domain and a PRY/SPYR domain. Exogenous overexpression of porTRIM35 significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression level of IFN-β in swine testicular (ST) cell in response to poly(I:C) stimulation, whereas knockdown endogenous expression of porTRIM35 lead to a decrease in the expression level of IFN-β. Mechanically, porTRIM35 directly interacted with porcine TNF-receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and catalyzed its Lys63-linked polyubiquitination, thereby leading to the up-regulation of IFN-β production. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that the RING and PRY/SPRY domains were essential for the E3 ligase activity of porTRIM35. In response to JEV infection, the endogenous expression of porTRIM35 was markedly inhibited at the mRNA level, while exogenous expression of porTRIM35 significantly elevated the expression of IFN-β induced by JEV infection and reduced viral titers in ST cells, suggesting that porTRIM35 is a negative regulator for JEV replication. These data demonstrate the importance of porTRIM35 in IFN-β expression as well as the antiviral response against JEV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yanyang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Jingbo Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cicheng Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daoyuan Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Zeng J, Li X, Sander M, Zhang H, Yan G, Lin Y. Oncolytic Viro-Immunotherapy: An Emerging Option in the Treatment of Gliomas. Front Immunol 2021; 12:721830. [PMID: 34675919 PMCID: PMC8524046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.721830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of malignant gliomas remains poor, with median survival fewer than 20 months and a 5-year survival rate merely 5%. Their primary location in the central nervous system (CNS) and its immunosuppressive environment with little T cell infiltration has rendered cancer therapies mostly ineffective, and breakthrough therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited benefit. However, tumor immunotherapy is developing rapidly and can help overcome these obstacles. But for now, malignant gliomas remain fatal with short survival and limited therapeutic options. Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a unique antitumor immunotherapy wherein viruses selectively or preferentially kill tumor cells, replicate and spread through tumors while inducing antitumor immune responses. OVTs can also recondition the tumor microenvironment and improve the efficacy of other immunotherapies by escalating the infiltration of immune cells into tumors. Some OVTs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and possess tropism for the CNS, enabling intravenous delivery. Despite the therapeutic potential displayed by oncolytic viruses (OVs), optimizing OVT has proved challenging in clinical development, and marketing approvals for OVTs have been rare. In June 2021 however, as a genetically engineered OV based on herpes simplex virus-1 (G47Δ), teserpaturev got conditional and time-limited approval for the treatment of malignant gliomas in Japan. In this review, we summarize the current state of OVT, the synergistic effect of OVT in combination with other immunotherapies as well as the hurdles to successful clinical use. We also provide some suggestions to overcome the challenges in treating of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zeng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxue Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Max Sander
- Department of International Cooperation, Guangzhou Virotech Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangmei Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Peng C, Zhao C, Wang PF, Yan LL, Fan SG, Qiu LH. Identification of a TRIM32 from Penaeus monodon is involved in autophagy and innate immunity during white spot syndrome virus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104169. [PMID: 34118280 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins played an important role in regulating innate immune and autophagy pathway and were important for host defenses against viral pathogens. However, the role of TRIM proteins in autophagy and innate immunity during virus infection was seldom studied in crustaceans. In this study, a novel TRIM32 homolog was identified from Penaeus monodon (named PmTRIM32). PmTRIM32 was significantly upregulated by rapamycin stimulation and WSSV infection. RNA interference experiments showed that PmTRIM32 could restrict WSSV replication and lead P. monodon more resistance to WSSV challenge. Autophagy could be induced by WSSV or rapamycin challenge and has been proved to play a positive role in restricting WSSV replication in P. monodon. The autophagy activity induced by WSSV or rapamycin challenge could be obviously inhibited by silence of PmTRIM32 in P. monodon. Further studies revealed that PmTRIM32 positively regulated the expression of nuclear transcription factor (NF-κB) and it mediated antimicrobial peptides. Moreover, Pull-down and in vitro ubiquitination assay demonstrated that PmTRIM32 could interact with WSSV envelope protein and target it for ubiquitination in vitro. Collectively, this study demonstrated that PmTRIM32 restricted WSSV replication and was involved in positively regulating autophagy and NF-κB pathway during WSSV infection in P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Peng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Resources, Ministry of Education; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Gang Fan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Hua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, Hainan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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13
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Kakuk B, Kiss AA, Torma G, Csabai Z, Prazsák I, Mizik M, Megyeri K, Tombácz D, Boldogkői Z. Nanopore Assay Reveals Cell-Type-Dependent Gene Expression of Vesicular Stomatitis Indiana Virus and Differential Host Cell Response. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091196. [PMID: 34578228 PMCID: PMC8468008 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) of genus Vesiculovirus, species IndianaVesiculovirus (formerly as Vesicular stomatitis virus, VSV) causes a disease in livestock that is very similar to the foot and mouth disease, thereby an outbreak may lead to significant economic loss. Long-read sequencing (LRS) -based approaches already reveal a hidden complexity of the transcriptomes in several viruses. This technique has been utilized for the sequencing of the VSIV genome, but our study is the first for the application of this technique for the profiling of the VSIV transcriptome. Since LRS is able to sequence full-length RNA molecules, it thereby provides more accurate annotation of the transcriptomes than the traditional short-read sequencing methods. The objectives of this study were to assemble the complete transcriptome of using nanopore sequencing, to ascertain cell-type specificity and dynamics of viral gene expression, and to evaluate host gene expression changes induced by the viral infection. We carried out a time-course analysis of VSIV gene expression in human glioblastoma and primate fibroblast cell lines using a nanopore-based LRS approach and applied both amplified and direct cDNA sequencing (as well as cap-selection) for a fraction of samples. Our investigations revealed that, although the VSIV genome is simple, it generates a relatively complex transcriptomic architecture. In this study, we also demonstrated that VSIV transcripts vary in structure and exhibit differential gene expression patterns in the two examined cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Kakuk
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (A.A.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (I.P.); (M.M.); (D.T.)
| | - András Attila Kiss
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (A.A.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (I.P.); (M.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Gábor Torma
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (A.A.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (I.P.); (M.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Zsolt Csabai
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (A.A.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (I.P.); (M.M.); (D.T.)
| | - István Prazsák
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (A.A.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (I.P.); (M.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Máté Mizik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (A.A.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (I.P.); (M.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Klára Megyeri
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Dóra Tombácz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (A.A.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (I.P.); (M.M.); (D.T.)
| | - Zsolt Boldogkői
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.K.); (A.A.K.); (G.T.); (Z.C.); (I.P.); (M.M.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zhao C, Peng C, Wang P, Yan L, Fan S, Qiu L. Identification of a Shrimp E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM50-Like Involved in Restricting White Spot Syndrome Virus Proliferation by Its Mediated Autophagy and Ubiquitination. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682562. [PMID: 34046043 PMCID: PMC8144704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are critical components of the autophagy machinery and play important roles in host defense against viral pathogens in mammals. However, the roles of TRIM proteins in autophagy and viral infection have not been studied in lower invertebrates, especially crustaceans. In this study, we first identified a TRIM50-like gene from Penaeus monodon (designated PmTRIM50-like), which, after a white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge, was significantly upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels in the intestine and hemocytes. Knockdown of PmTRIM50-like led to an increase in the WSSV quantity in shrimp, while its overexpression led to a decrease compared with the controls. Autophagy can be induced by WSSV or rapamycin challenge and has been shown to play a positive role in restricting WSSV replication in P. monodon. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PmTRIM50-like significantly increased with the enhancement of rapamycin-induced autophagy. The autophagy activity induced by WSSV or rapamycin challenge could be inhibited by silencing PmTRIM50-like in shrimp. Further studies showed that rapamycin failed to induce autophagy or inhibit WSSV replication after knockdown of PmTRIM50-like. Moreover, pull-down and in vitro ubiquitination assays demonstrated that PmTRIM50-like could interact with WSSV envelope proteins and target them for ubiquitination in vitro. Collectively, this study demonstrated that PmTRIM50-like is required for autophagy and is involved in restricting the proliferation of WSSV through its ubiquitination. This is the first study to report the role of a TRIM family protein in virus infection and host autophagy in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Lulu Yan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Sigang Fan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China
| | - Lihua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Beijing, China
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15
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Role of Host-Mediated Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) in RNA Virus Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010323. [PMID: 33396899 PMCID: PMC7796338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Being opportunistic intracellular pathogens, viruses are dependent on the host for their replication. They hijack host cellular machinery for their replication and survival by targeting crucial cellular physiological pathways, including transcription, translation, immune pathways, and apoptosis. Immediately after translation, the host and viral proteins undergo a process called post-translational modification (PTM). PTMs of proteins involves the attachment of small proteins, carbohydrates/lipids, or chemical groups to the proteins and are crucial for the proteins’ functioning. During viral infection, host proteins utilize PTMs to control the virus replication, using strategies like activating immune response pathways, inhibiting viral protein synthesis, and ultimately eliminating the virus from the host. PTM of viral proteins increases solubility, enhances antigenicity and virulence properties. However, RNA viruses are devoid of enzymes capable of introducing PTMs to their proteins. Hence, they utilize the host PTM machinery to promote their survival. Proteins from viruses belonging to the family: Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae, and Coronaviridae such as chikungunya, dengue, zika, HIV, and coronavirus are a few that are well-known to be modified. This review discusses various host and virus-mediated PTMs that play a role in the outcome during the infection.
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16
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Saha S, Sun Y, Huang SYN, Baechler SA, Pongor LS, Agama K, Jo U, Zhang H, Tse-Dinh YC, Pommier Y. DNA and RNA Cleavage Complexes and Repair Pathway for TOP3B RNA- and DNA-Protein Crosslinks. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108569. [PMID: 33378676 PMCID: PMC7859927 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates that topoisomerase 3B (TOP3B) forms both RNA and DNA cleavage complexes (TOP3Bccs) in vivo and reveals a pathway for repairing TOP3Bccs. For inducing and detecting cellular TOP3Bccs, we engineer a “self-trapping” mutant of TOP3B (R338W-TOP3B). Transfection with R338W-TOP3B induces R-loops, genomic damage, and growth defect, which highlights the importance of TOP3Bcc repair mechanisms. To determine how cells repair TOP3Bccs, we deplete tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterases (TDP1 and TDP2). TDP2-deficient cells show elevated TOP3Bccs both in DNA and RNA. Conversely, overexpression of TDP2 lowers cellular TOP3Bccs. Using recombinant human TDP2, we demonstrate that TDP2 can process both denatured and proteolyzed TOP3Bccs. We also show that cellular TOP3Bccs are ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase TRIM41 before undergoing proteasomal processing and excision by TDP2. Saha et al. introduce an approach to generate and detect the catalytic intermediates of TOP3B in DNA and RNA by engineering a self-poisoning enzyme, R338W-TOP3B. They reveal the cellular consequences of abortive TOP3Bcc formation and a repair pathway involving TRIM41, the proteasome, and TDP2 for processing of TOP3Bcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Saha
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yilun Sun
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shar-Yin Naomi Huang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Simone Andrea Baechler
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lorinc Sandor Pongor
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keli Agama
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ukhyun Jo
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuk-Ching Tse-Dinh
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Zhang Z, Yuan S, Xu S, Guo D, Chen L, Hou W, Wang M. Suppression of HIV-1 Integration by Targeting HIV-1 Integrase for Degradation with A Chimeric Ubiquitin Ligase. Virol Sin 2020; 36:424-437. [PMID: 33185863 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00311-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks human immune system and causes life-threatening acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) could inhibit virus growth and slow progression of the disease, however, at the same time posing various adverse effects. Host ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) plays important roles in host immunity against pathogens including viruses by inducing degradation of viral proteins. Previously a series of methods for retargeting substrates for ubiquitin-proteasome degradation have been successfully established. In this study, we attempted to design and construct artificial chimeric ubiquitin ligases (E3s) based on known human E3s in order to manually target HIV-1 integrase for ubiquitin proteasome pathway-mediated degradation. Herein, a series of prototypical chimeric E3s have been designed and constructed, and original substrate-binding domains of these E3s were replaced with host protein domains which interacted with viral proteins. After functional assessment screening, 146LI was identified as a functional chimeric E3 for HIV-1 NL4-3 integrase. 146LI was then further optimized to generate 146LIS (146LI short) which has been shown to induce Lys48-specific polyubiquitination and reduce protein level of HIV-1 NL4-3 integrase more effectively in cells. Lymphocyte cells with 146LIS knock-in generated by CRISPR/Cas-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) showed remarkably decreased integration of HIV-1 NL4-3 viral DNAs and reduced viral replication without obvious cell cytotoxicity. Our study successfully obtained an artificial chimeric E3 which can induce Lys48-specific polyubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of HIV-1 NL4-3 integrase, thus effectively inhibiting viral DNA integration and viral replication upon virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuopeng Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Sen Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shuting Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Deyin Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Centre for Infection and Inmunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 518107, China
| | - Lang Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Hou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Min Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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18
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Koepke L, Gack MU, Sparrer KM. The antiviral activities of TRIM proteins. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 59:50-57. [PMID: 32829025 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a highly versatile family of host-cell factors that play an integral role in the mammalian defense against pathogens. TRIM proteins regulate either transcription-dependent antiviral responses such as pro-inflammatory cytokine induction, or they modulate other important cell-intrinsic defense pathways like autophagy. Additionally, TRIM proteins exert direct antiviral activity whereby they antagonize specific viral components through diverse mechanisms. Here, we summarize the latest discoveries on the molecular mechanisms of antiviral TRIM proteins and also discuss current and future trends in this fast-evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michaela U Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, United States; Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
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19
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are a large group of E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in different cellular functions. Of special interest are their roles in innate immunity, inflammation, and virus replication. We discuss novel roles of TRIM proteins during virus infections that lead to increased pathogenicity. Recent Findings TRIM proteins regulate different antiviral and inflammatory signaling pathways, mostly by promoting ubiquitination of important factors including pattern recognition receptors, adaptor proteins, kinases, and transcription factors that are involved in type I interferon and NF-κB pathways. Therefore, viruses have developed mechanisms to target TRIMs for immune evasion. New evidence is emerging indicating that viruses have the ability to directly use TRIMs and the ubiquitination process to enhance the viral replication cycle and cause increased pathogenesis. A new report on TRIM7 also highlights the potential pro-viral role of TRIMs via ubiquitination of viral proteins and suggests a novel mechanism by which ubiquitination of virus envelope protein may provide determinants of tissue and species tropism. Summary TRIM proteins have important functions in promoting host defense against virus infection; however, viruses have adapted to evade TRIM-mediated immune responses and can hijack TRIMs to ultimately increase virus pathogenesis. Only by understanding specific TRIM-virus interactions and by using more in vivo approaches can we learn how to harness TRIM function to develop therapeutic approaches to reduce virus pathogenesis.
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Hao W, Wang L, Li S. FKBP5 Regulates RIG-I-Mediated NF-κB Activation and Influenza A Virus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:E672. [PMID: 32580383 PMCID: PMC7354574 DOI: 10.3390/v12060672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly transmissible respiratory pathogen and is a constant threat to global health with considerable economic and social impact. Influenza viral RNA is sensed by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I). The activation of these PRRs instigates the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways that induce the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and inflammatory genes. FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) has been implied in the IκBα kinase (IKK) complex. However, the role of FKBP5 in the RIG-I signaling and IAV infection is not well elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that the knockout of FKBP5 increases IAV infection. Furthermore, FKBP5 binds IKKα, which is critical for RIG-I-induced innate immune responses and ISG expression. Taken together, FKBP5 is a novel anti-influenza host factor that restricts IAV infection by the activation of RIG-I-mediated NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shitao Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (W.H.); (L.W.)
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