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Ahmad N, Hussain H, Naeem M, Rahman SU, Khan KA, Iqbal B, Umar AW. Metabolites-induced co-evolutionary warfare between plants, viruses, and their associated vectors: So close yet so far away. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112165. [PMID: 38925477 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture and global food security encounter significant challenges due to viral threats. In the following decades, several molecular studies have focused on discovering biosynthetic pathways of numerous defensive and signaling compounds, as key regulators of plant interactions, either with viruses or their associated vectors. Nevertheless, the complexities of specialized metabolites mediated plant-virus-vector tripartite viewpoint and the identification of their co-evolutionary crossroads toward antiviral defense system, remain elusive. The current study reviews the various roles of plant-specialized metabolites (PSMs) and how plants use these metabolites to defend against viruses. It discusses recent examples of specialized metabolites that have broad-spectrum antiviral properties. Additionally, the study presents the co-evolutionary basis of metabolite-mediated plant-virus-insect interactions as a potential bioinspired approach to combat viral threats. The prospects also show promising metabolic engineering strategies aimed at discovering a wide range of PSMs that are effective in fending off viruses and their related vectors. These advances in understanding the potential role of PSMs in plant-virus interactions not only serve as a cornerstone for developing plant antiviral systems, but also highlight essential principles of biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hamad Hussain
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23390, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Saeed Ur Rahman
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Center of Bee Research and its Products (CBRP), and Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Babar Iqbal
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Abdul Wakeel Umar
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai (BNUZ), Zhuhai City 519087, People's Republic of China.
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Sadras V, Guirao M, Moreno A, Fereres A. Inter-virus relationships in mixed infections and virus-drought relationships in plants: a quantitative review. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1786-1799. [PMID: 37902568 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Inter-virus relationships in mixed infections and virus-drought relationships are important in agriculture and natural vegetation. In this quantitative review, we sampled published factorial experiments to probe for relationships against the null hypothesis of additivity. Our sample captured antagonistic, additive and synergistic inter-virus relationships in double infections. Virus-drought relationships in our sample were additive or antagonistic, reinforcing the notion that viruses have neutral or positive effects on droughted plants, or that drought enhances plant tolerance to viruses. Both inter-virus and virus-drought relationships vary with virus species, host plant to the level of cultivar or accession, timing of infection, plant age and trait and growing conditions. The trait-dependence of these relationships has implications for resource allocation in plants. Owing to lagging theories, more experimental research in these fields is bound to return phenomenological outcomes. Theoretical work can advance in two complementary directions. First, the effective theory models the behaviour of the system without specifying all the underlying causes that lead to system state change. Second, mechanistic theory based on a nuanced view of the plant phenotype that explicitly considers downward causation; the influence of the plant phenotype on inter-virus relations and vice versa; the impact of timing, intensity and duration of drought interacting with viruses to modulate the plant phenotype; both the soil (moisture) and atmospheric (vapour pressure deficit) aspects of drought. Theories should scale in time, from short term to full growing season, and in levels of organisation up to the relevant traits: crop yield in agriculture and fitness in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sadras
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria Guirao
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Moreno
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, ICA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Sharma V, Mohammed SA, Devi N, Vats G, Tuli HS, Saini AK, Dhir YW, Dhir S, Singh B. Unveiling the dynamic relationship of viruses and/or symbiotic bacteria with plant resilience in abiotic stress. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:10. [PMID: 38311681 PMCID: PMC10838894 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In the ecosphere, plants interact with environmental biotic and abiotic partners, where unbalanced interactions can induce unfavourable stress conditions. Abiotic factors (temperature, water, and salt) are primarily required for plants healthy survival, and any change in their availability is reflected as a stress signal. In certain cases, the presence of infectious pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and insects can also create stress conditions in plants, leading to the emergence of disease or deficiency symptoms. While these symptoms are often typical of abiotic or biotic stress, however, there are instances where they can intensify under specific conditions. Here, we primarily summarize the viral interactions with plants during abiotic stress to understand how these associations are linked together during viral pathogenesis. Secondly, focus is given to the beneficial effects of root-associated symbiotic bacteria in fulfilling the basic needs of plants during normal as well as abiotic stress conditions. The modulations of plant functional proteins, and their occurrence/cross-talk, with pathogen (virus) and symbiont (bacteria) molecules are also discussed. Furthermore, we have highlighted the biochemical and systematic adaptations that develop in plants due to bacterial symbiosis to encounter stress hallmarks. Lastly, directions are provided towards exploring potential rhizospheric bacteria to maintain plant-microbes ecosystem and manage abiotic stress in plants to achieve better trait health in the horticulture crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Sharma
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Shakeel A Mohammed
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Nisha Devi
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Gourav Vats
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Hardeep S Tuli
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Adesh K Saini
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India
| | - Yashika W Dhir
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Sunny Dhir
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
| | - Bharat Singh
- Department of Biosciences & Technology and Central Research Cell, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.
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Taylor M, Hayashida R, Hoback WW, Armstrong JS. Effects of Temperature and Host Plant on Hedgehog Grain Aphid, Sipha maydis Demographics. INSECTS 2023; 14:862. [PMID: 37999061 PMCID: PMC10671574 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The hedgehog grain aphid (HGA), Sipha maydis Passerini (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a cereal pest in many regions of the world. It was first documented in the United States in 2007, and it has a range that appears to be expanding. Understanding the effects of temperature and the host plant on HGA development, survival, and reproduction is crucial for understanding its population dynamics, potential distribution, and management strategies. In this study, we investigated the effects of different temperatures and host plants on the demographic parameters of HGA and determined the supercooling point (SCP) for their first instars, apterous adults, and winged adults. Our findings revealed that temperatures between 20 °C and 25 °C were optimal for HGA development and reproduction, with parthenogenetic females producing approximately 60 offspring in their lifetimes. However, HGA development was hindered below 10 °C and above 35 °C. The SCP for HGA was similar (mean ± S.E.: -16.280 ± 0.532 °C) among nymphs, apterous adults, and winged adults. We compared the HGA demographics with the demographics of the sorghum aphid (SA), Melanaphis sorghi (Theobald, 1904), on wheat, millet, and three cultivars of sorghum under a constant temperature. The HGA completed its life cycle on all the tested host plants with a similar reproduction, demonstrating a lack of resistance to HGA by a sorghum that is resistant to SA. By expanding our knowledge of host plant- and temperature-dependent development, reproduction, and mortality in S. maydis, we can better predict and manage future HGA populations in small grain crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason Taylor
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.); (R.H.)
| | - Rafael Hayashida
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.); (R.H.)
| | - William Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (M.T.); (R.H.)
| | - John Scott Armstrong
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat, Peanut and Other Field Crops Research Unit, 1301 North Western Road, Stillwater, OK 74075, USA;
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Hamilton AN, Topalcengiz Z, Gibson KE. Growing Safer Greens: Exploring Food Safety Practices and Challenges in Indoor, Soilless Production Through Thematic Analysis of Leafy Greens Grower Interviews. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100163. [PMID: 37758119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Indoor, soilless production-often referred to more broadly as controlled environment agriculture (CEA)-is increasingly used for the cultivation of leafy greens. Minimal information is currently available regarding food safety practices during production and distribution of leafy greens grown within indoor, soilless environments in the United States (U.S.). This study aimed to describe production challenges and implementation of good agricultural practices among CEA growers. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews (N = 25) and a supplemental online survey completed by growers (N = 12) in the U.S. Out of 18 total responses (i.e., multiple responses allowed per completed survey), survey data indicated that lettuce (n = 5; 27.8%) was the most commonly grown leafy green, followed by culinary herbs (n = 3; 16.7%) and arugula (n = 3; 16.7%). Most growers (n = 7; 58.3%) grew other agricultural products, specifically other crops in addition to leafy greens. Revenue from sales ranged from US$500 000 per year. Meanwhile, nearly half (n = 5; 45.5%) of respondents (N = 11) were uncertain whether their produce was subject to the FSMA Produce Safety Rule. Most survey respondents used vertical farming techniques (5 out of 11; 45.5%) or some variety of greenhouse (4 out of 11; 36.4%). Based on 35 total responses, leafy greens were most commonly sold to "Commercial Restaurants" (n = 7; 20.0%), "Grocery Stores" (n = 7; 20.0%), "Institutional Foodservice Establishments (hospitals, schools, childcare, long-term care)" (n = 6; 17.1%), and "Wholesaler/Distributers" (n = 6; 17.1%). The 11 interview questions elucidated three major themes: contextual, barriers to risk management and regulatory compliance, and research needs. Thirteen subthemes were identified, and an example of a subtheme within each major theme, respectively, includes worker hygiene and training, regulatory and certification environment, and risk assessments of individual issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson N Hamilton
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Zeynal Topalcengiz
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Kristen E Gibson
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
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Xu G, Zheng Q, Wei P, Zhang J, Liu P, Zhang H, Zhai N, Li X, Xu X, Chen Q, Cao P, Zhao J, Zhou H. Metabolic engineering of a 1,8-cineole synthase enhances aphid repellence and increases trichome density in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3342-3353. [PMID: 37132116 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) is a harmful agricultural pest that causes severe crop damage by directly feeding or indirectly vectoring viruses. 1,8-cineole synthase (CINS) is a multiproduct enzyme that synthesizes monoterpenes, with 1,8-cineole dominating the volatile organic compound profile. However, the relationship between aphid preference and CINS remains elusive. RESULTS Here, we present evidence that SoCINS, a protein from garden sage (Salvia officinalis), enhanced aphid repellence and increased trichome density in transgenic tobacco. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of SoCINS (SoCINS-OE) led to the emission of 1,8-cineole at a level of up to 181.5 ng per g fresh leaf. Subcellular localization assay showed that SoCINS localized to chloroplasts. A Y-tube olfactometer assay and free-choice assays revealed that SoCINS-OE plants had a repellent effect on aphids, without incurring developmental or fecundity-related penalties. Intriguingly, the SoCINS-OE plants displayed an altered trichome morphology, showing increases in trichome density and in the relative proportion of glandular trichomes, as well as enlarged glandular cells. We also found that SoCINS-OE plants had significantly higher jasmonic acid (JA) levels than wild-type plants. Furthermore, application of 1,8-cineole elicited increased JA content and trichome density. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that SoCINS-OE plants have a repellent effect on aphids, and suggest an apparent link between 1,8-cineole, JA and trichome density. This study presents a viable and sustainable approach for aphid management by engineering the expression of 1,8-cineole synthase gene in plants, and underscores the potential usefulness of monoterpene synthase for pest control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Xu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wei
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Pingping Liu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Niu Zhai
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Li
- Tobacco Research Center, Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Xiangli Xu
- Tobacco Research Center, Technology Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Qiansi Chen
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Peijian Cao
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- National Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P.R. China
| | - Huina Zhou
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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Lee BW, Oeller LC, Crowder DW. Integrating Community Ecology into Models of Vector-Borne Virus Transmission. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2335. [PMID: 37375959 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne plant viruses are a diverse and dynamic threat to agriculture with hundreds of economically damaging viruses and insect vector species. Mathematical models have greatly increased our understanding of how alterations of vector life history and host-vector-pathogen interactions can affect virus transmission. However, insect vectors also interact with species such as predators and competitors in food webs, and these interactions affect vector population size and behaviors in ways that mediate virus transmission. Studies assessing how species' interactions affect vector-borne pathogen transmission are limited in both number and scale, hampering the development of models that appropriately capture community-level effects on virus prevalence. Here, we review vector traits and community factors that affect virus transmission, explore the existing models of vector-borne virus transmission and areas where the principles of community ecology could improve the models and management, and finally evaluate virus transmission in agricultural systems. We conclude that models have expanded our understanding of disease dynamics through simulations of transmission but are limited in their ability to reflect the complexity of ecological interactions in real systems. We also document a need for experiments in agroecosystems, where the high availability of historical and remote-sensing data could serve to validate and improve vector-borne virus transmission models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Liesl C Oeller
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - David W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
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Bhoi TK, Samal I, Majhi PK, Komal J, Mahanta DK, Pradhan AK, Saini V, Nikhil Raj M, Ahmad MA, Behera PP, Ashwini M. Insight into aphid mediated Potato Virus Y transmission: A molecular to bioinformatics prospective. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1001454. [PMID: 36504828 PMCID: PMC9729956 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1001454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato, the world's most popular crop is reported to provide a food source for nearly a billion people. It is prone to a number of biotic stressors that affect yield and quality, out of which Potato Virus Y (PVY) occupies the top position. PVY can be transmitted mechanically and by sap-feeding aphid vectors. The application of insecticide causes an increase in the resistant vector population along with detrimental effects on the environment; genetic resistance and vector-virus control are the two core components for controlling the deadly PVY. Using transcriptomic tools together with differential gene expression and gene discovery, several loci and genes associated with PVY resistance have been widely identified. To combat this virus we must increase our understanding on the molecular response of the PVY-potato plant-aphid interaction and knowledge of genome organization, as well as the function of PVY encoded proteins, genetic diversity, the molecular aspects of PVY transmission by aphids, and transcriptome profiling of PVY infected potato cultivars. Techniques such as molecular and bioinformatics tools can identify and monitor virus transmission. Several studies have been conducted to understand the molecular basis of PVY resistance/susceptibility interactions and their impact on PVY epidemiology by studying the interrelationship between the virus, its vector, and the host plant. This review presents current knowledge of PVY transmission, epidemiology, genome organization, molecular to bioinformatics responses, and its effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmaya Kumar Bhoi
- Forest Protection Division, ICFRE-Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ipsita Samal
- Department of Entomology, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Majhi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - J. Komal
- Department of Entomology, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India,J. Komal
| | - Deepak Kumar Mahanta
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, India,*Correspondence: Deepak Kumar Mahanta
| | - Asit Kumar Pradhan
- Social Science Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Varun Saini
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - M. Nikhil Raj
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Abbas Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur, India
| | | | - Mangali Ashwini
- Department of Entomology, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
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Gorovits R, Shteinberg M, Anfoka G, Czosnek H. Exploiting Virus Infection to Protect Plants from Abiotic Stresses: Tomato Protection by a Begomovirus. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2944. [PMID: 36365396 PMCID: PMC9657025 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tomato cultivation is threatened by environmental stresses (e.g., heat, drought) and by viral infection (mainly viruses belonging to the tomato yellow leaf curl virus family-TYLCVs). Unlike many RNA viruses, TYLCV infection does not induce a hypersensitive response and cell death in tomato plants. To ensure a successful infection, TYLCV preserves a suitable cellular environment where it can reproduce. Infected plants experience a mild stress, undergo adaptation and become partially "ready" to exposure to other environmental stresses. Plant wilting and cessation of growth caused by heat and drought is suppressed by TYLCV infection, mainly by down-regulating the heat shock transcription factors, HSFA1, HSFA2, HSFB1 and consequently, the expression of HSF-regulated stress genes. In particular, TYLCV captures HSFA2 by inducing protein complexes and aggregates, thus attenuating an acute stress response, which otherwise causes plant death. Viral infection mitigates the increase in stress-induced metabolites, such as carbohydrates and amino acids, and leads to their reallocation from shoots to roots. Under high temperatures and water deficit, TYLCV induces plant cellular homeostasis, promoting host survival. Thus, this virus-plant interaction is beneficial for both partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Gorovits
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Moshe Shteinberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ghandi Anfoka
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al Balqa’ University, Al-Salt 10117, Jordan
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Xiao H, Hao W, Storoschuk G, MacDonald JL, Sanfaçon H. Characterizing the Virome of Apple Orchards Affected by Rapid Decline in the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys of British Columbia (Canada). Pathogens 2022; 11:1231. [PMID: 36364981 PMCID: PMC9698585 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid apple decline disease (RAD) has been affecting orchards in the USA and Canada. Although the primary cause for RAD remains unknown, viruses may contribute to the incidence or severity of the disease. We examined the diversity and prevalence of viruses in orchards affected by RAD in the Okanagan and Similkameen Valleys (British Columbia, Canada). Next-generation sequencing identified 20 previously described plant viruses and one viroid, as well as a new ilarvirus, which we named apple ilarvirus 2 (AIV2). AIV2 was related to subgroup 2 ilarviruses (42-71% nucleotide sequence identity). RT-PCR assays of 148 individual leaf samples revealed frequent mixed infections, with up to eight viruses or viroid detected in a single tree. AIV2 was the most prevalent, detected in 64% of the samples. Other prevalent viruses included three ubiquitous viruses from the family Betaflexiviridae and citrus concave gum-associated virus. Apple rubbery wood virus 1 and 2 and apple luteovirus 1 were also readily detected. The thirteen most prevalent viruses/viroid were detected not only in trees displaying typical RAD symptoms, but also in asymptomatic trees. When compared with reports from orchards affected by RAD in Pennsylvania, New York State, and Washington State, regional differences in relative virus prevalence were noted.
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Rodríguez-Verástegui LL, Ramírez-Zavaleta CY, Capilla-Hernández MF, Gregorio-Jorge J. Viruses Infecting Trees and Herbs That Produce Edible Fleshy Fruits with a Prominent Value in the Global Market: An Evolutionary Perspective. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:203. [PMID: 35050091 PMCID: PMC8778216 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Trees and herbs that produce fruits represent the most valuable agricultural food commodities in the world. However, the yield of these crops is not fully achieved due to biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Viruses are capable of causing alterations in plant growth and development, thereby impacting the yield of their hosts significantly. In this work, we first compiled the world's most comprehensive list of known edible fruits that fits our definition. Then, plant viruses infecting those trees and herbs that produce fruits with commercial importance in the global market were identified. The identified plant viruses belong to 30 families, most of them containing single-stranded RNA genomes. Importantly, we show the overall picture of the host range for some virus families following an evolutionary approach. Further, the current knowledge about plant-virus interactions, focusing on the main disorders they cause, as well as yield losses, is summarized. Additionally, since accurate diagnosis methods are of pivotal importance for viral diseases control, the current and emerging technologies for the detection of these plant pathogens are described. Finally, the most promising strategies employed to control viral diseases in the field are presented, focusing on solutions that are long-lasting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Candy Yuriria Ramírez-Zavaleta
- Cuerpo Académico Procesos Biotecnológicos, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad Politécnica 1, San Pedro Xalcaltzinco 90180, Mexico; (C.Y.R.-Z.); (M.F.C.-H.)
| | - María Fernanda Capilla-Hernández
- Cuerpo Académico Procesos Biotecnológicos, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad Politécnica 1, San Pedro Xalcaltzinco 90180, Mexico; (C.Y.R.-Z.); (M.F.C.-H.)
| | - Josefat Gregorio-Jorge
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Ciudad de Mexico 03940, Mexico
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12
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Challenges and opportunities for plant viruses under a climate change scenario. Adv Virus Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Bergès SE, Vile D, Yvon M, Masclef D, Dauzat M, van Munster M. Water deficit changes the relationships between epidemiological traits of Cauliflower mosaic virus across diverse Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24103. [PMID: 34916537 PMCID: PMC8677750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in plant abiotic environments may alter plant virus epidemiological traits, but how such changes actually affect their quantitative relationships is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of water deficit on Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) traits (virulence, accumulation, and vectored-transmission rate) in 24 natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions grown under strictly controlled environmental conditions. CaMV virulence increased significantly in response to water deficit during vegetative growth in all A. thaliana accessions, while viral transmission by aphids and within-host accumulation were significantly altered in only a few. Under well-watered conditions, CaMV accumulation was correlated positively with CaMV transmission by aphids, while under water deficit, this relationship was reversed. Hence, under water deficit, high CaMV accumulation did not predispose to increased horizontal transmission. No other significant relationship between viral traits could be detected. Across accessions, significant relationships between climate at collection sites and viral traits were detected but require further investigation. Interactions between epidemiological traits and their alteration under abiotic stresses must be accounted for when modelling plant virus epidemiology under scenarios of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy E Bergès
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- PHIM, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Michel Yvon
- PHIM, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Diane Masclef
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Dauzat
- LEPSE, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
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Congdon BS, Baulch JR, Coutts BA. Novel Sources of Turnip Yellows Virus Resistance in Brassica and Impacts of Temperature on Their Durability. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2484-2493. [PMID: 33487015 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2312-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Turnip yellows virus (TuYV; family Solemoviridae, genus Polerovirus) is the most widespread and economically damaging virus of canola (Brassica napus L.) production in Australia. However, no Australian commercial seed companies market TuYV-resistant canola cultivars, and little information is available on the susceptibility of those available. To identify potential sources of TuYV resistance, 100 B. napus accessions from the ERANET ASSYST diversity set were screened in the field and five of these were selected for further phenotyping via aphid inoculation. Furthermore, 43 Australian canola cultivars, six B. napus genotypes with previously reported resistance, and 33 B. oleracea and B. rapa cultivars were phenotyped. All Australian cultivars were susceptible except for 'ATR Stingray'. Stronger resistance to systemic TuYV infection (IR) was identified in diversity set accessions 'Liraspa-A', 'SWU Chinese 3', and 'SWU Chinese 5'. As indicated by lower relative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay absorbance values (R-E405) in infected plants, resistance to TuYV accumulation (AR) often accompanied IR. Moderate IR was identified in four B. oleracea cultivars and one B. rapa cultivar. Very strong AR was identified in four B. oleracea cultivars and AR of some degree was common across many cultivars of this species tested. The impact of temperature during the inoculation access period or post-inoculation incubation on the resistance identified was examined. Infection rates were significantly higher in resistant B. napus genotypes when inoculated at 16°C than at 26°C, suggesting an increase in aphid transmission efficiency. IR in B. napus genotypes was strong when incubated at 16°C, but weakened at elevated temperatures with almost total breakdown in most genotypes at 30°C. However, infected plants of B. napus and B. oleracea genotypes with AR maintained lower R-E405 values than susceptible controls at all temperatures tested. Novel sources of resistance identified in this study offer potential as breeding material in Australia and abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Congdon
- Primary Industries Development, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Baulch
- Primary Industries Development, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia
| | - Brenda A Coutts
- Sustainability and Biosecurity, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia
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Liu J, Wang C, Desneux N, Lu Y. Impact of Temperature on Survival Rate, Fecundity, and Feeding Behavior of Two Aphids, Aphis gossypii and Acyrthosiphon gossypii, When Reared on Cotton. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060565. [PMID: 34205528 PMCID: PMC8235302 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aphid performance is sensitive to temperature changes. Previous studies found that Acyrthosiphon gossypii (Mordviiko) was more sensitive to high temperature than Aphis gossypii (Glover). However, the effects of high temperatures on the survival, fecundity, and feeding behavior of these two aphid adults are not clear. This study examined the effect of different temperatures (29 °C, 32 °C, and 35 °C) on the adult survival rate, fecundity, and feeding behavior of these two aphid species. Our results showed that the adverse effects of high temperatures (32 °C and 35 °C) on aphid adult survival and fecundity were greater for Ac. gossypii than Ap. gossypii. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) data showed that Ac. gossypii spent more time feeding on xylem than phloem under all temperature treatments, which contrasted with Ap. gossypii. The time of phloem ingestion by Ap. gossypii at 32 °C was significantly higher than at 29 °C, while for Ac. gossypii, this value significantly decreased when temperature increased. These feeding patterns indicate that Ac. gossypii obtains less nutrition from phloem in support of its development and fecundity. Data generated in this study will serve as the basis for predicting the effects of increased temperature on these two cotton aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000 Nice, France;
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Jeger MJ. The Epidemiology of Plant Virus Disease: Towards a New Synthesis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1768. [PMID: 33327457 PMCID: PMC7764944 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology is the science of how disease develops in populations, with applications in human, animal and plant diseases. For plant diseases, epidemiology has developed as a quantitative science with the aims of describing, understanding and predicting epidemics, and intervening to mitigate their consequences in plant populations. Although the central focus of epidemiology is at the population level, it is often necessary to recognise the system hierarchies present by scaling down to the individual plant/cellular level and scaling up to the community/landscape level. This is particularly important for diseases caused by plant viruses, which in most cases are transmitted by arthropod vectors. This leads to range of virus-plant, virus-vector and vector-plant interactions giving a distinctive character to plant virus epidemiology (whilst recognising that some fungal, oomycete and bacterial pathogens are also vector-borne). These interactions have epidemiological, ecological and evolutionary consequences with implications for agronomic practices, pest and disease management, host resistance deployment, and the health of wild plant communities. Over the last two decades, there have been attempts to bring together these differing standpoints into a new synthesis, although this is more apparent for evolutionary and ecological approaches, perhaps reflecting the greater emphasis on shorter often annual time scales in epidemiological studies. It is argued here that incorporating an epidemiological perspective, specifically quantitative, into this developing synthesis will lead to new directions in plant virus research and disease management. This synthesis can serve to further consolidate and transform epidemiology as a key element in plant virus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jeger
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
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17
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Trebicki P. Climate change and plant virus epidemiology. Virus Res 2020; 286:198059. [PMID: 32561376 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Changes in global climate driven by anthropogenic activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have been progressively increasing and are projected to intensify. Increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature will have significant consequences for future food production, quality, distribution and security. The epidemiology of plant viruses will be altered in the future as a result of climate change. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, increased temperature, changes to water availability and more frequent extreme weather events will have direct and indirect effects on plant viruses through changes in hosts and vectors. Predicted climatic changes will affect the distribution and survival of plant viruses and their vectors, which are expected to increase in many geographic regions. Furthermore, climate change can affect the virulence and pathogenicity of plant viruses, consequently increasing the frequency and scale of disease outbreaks. Thus, greater understanding of plant virus epidemiology is needed to better anticipate challenges ahead and to develop effective and robust control strategies that will aid in securing global food production for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Trebicki
- Agriculture Victoria, 110 Natimuk Rd, Horsham, Victoria, 3400, Australia.
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