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Sun Y, Zhang D, Liu H, Ruan C, Dou X, Ren Z, Ge Z, Du Z, Jin H, Li D, Xue H, Liu W, Chen Z, Wang Q. The first reported cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from domestic sick camel to humans in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2309990. [PMID: 38269573 PMCID: PMC10860415 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2309990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease with an increasing annual incidence rate. In this case report, we presented two patients infected with the SFTS virus, suggesting a potential direct transmission route from camels to humans through blood contact. Both patients developed symptoms after engaging in the slaughtering of one sick camel, while their family members living in the same environment or co-diners remained unaffected. Subsequent detection revealed a high viral load of SFTS virus, reaching 1010 viral RNA copies/ml, in the sample obtained from the sick camel. Metagenomic sequencing did not identify any other pathogens. The SFTS virus was successfully isolated from both patient and camel samples. The complete nucleotide sequences obtained from the infected patients demonstrated a remarkable 100% similarity to those found in the camel, and genetic evolution analysis classified the virus as genotype A. Additionally, partial sequences of the SFTS virus were identified in ticks captured from the camel rearing environment, however, these sequences showed only 95.9% similarity to those found in camel and humans. Furthermore, immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected in serum samples collected from the patient. Our findings provide evidence that camel may serve as a competent reservoir for transmitting the SFTS virus to humans. Further in vitro investigations into SFTS virus infections in large animals are warranted to understand their role in viral maintenance and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Sun
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlai Ruan
- Beijing Pinggu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangfeng Dou
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyong Ren
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziruo Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Du
- Beijing Pinggu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyuan Jin
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Xue
- Beijing Pinggu District Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Chae JB, Rim JM, Han SW, Cho YK, Kang JG, Chae JS. Prevalence, Isolation, and Molecular Characterizationof Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Cattle from the Republic of Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2024. [PMID: 39029504 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2024.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by Bandavirus dabieense. Initially identified in China, this disease has spread throughout Asian countries via tick bites and animal-to-human transmission. However, reports of the prevalence of SFTS virus (SFTSV) in cattle in Korea are lacking. This study aimed to investigate SFTSV infections in grazing cattle in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Materials and Methods: In total, 845 grazing cattle serum samples were collected over 2 years (2019 and 2020) in the ROK, and viral RNA was extracted using a kit. One-step RT-nested PCR was performed to amplify the S-segment of SFTSV. Positive serum samples were used to isolate SFTSV in Vero E6 cells, and the full sequences were analyzed. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum-likelihood method with MEGA X. In addition, immunoglobulin G antibodies against SFTSV were investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Here, 4.0% of serum samples (34/845) were positive for SFTSV S-segments, and one virus isolate was cultured in Vero E6 cells. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial S-segment classified 4 SFTSV isolates as the B-2 genotype, 9 as the B-3 genotype, 18 as an unclassified B genotype, and 3 as the D genotype. One cultured virus was classified as the B-2 genotype based on SFTSV L-, M-, and S-segments. Antibody detection results showed that 21.1% of serum samples (161/763) were positive for SFTSV. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study performed to identify the prevalence of SFTSV in grazing cattle in the ROK. Our findings indicate the necessity for more intensive and continuous SFTSV monitoring, not only in cattle but also in other animals, to comprehend the genetic diversity of the virus and its potential eco-epidemiological impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Byoung Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Choi KS, Hwang S, Kim MC, Cho HC, Park YJ, Ji MJ, Han SW, Chae JS. Molecular surveillance of zoonotic pathogens from wild rodents in the Republic of Korea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012306. [PMID: 38976750 PMCID: PMC11257403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rodents are recognized as major reservoirs of numerous zoonotic pathogens and are involved in the transmission and maintenance of infectious diseases. Furthermore, despite their importance, diseases transmitted by rodents have been neglected. To date, there have been limited epidemiological studies on rodents, and information regarding their involvement in infectious diseases in the Republic of Korea (ROK) is still scarce. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated rodent-borne pathogens using nested PCR/RT-PCR from 156 rodents including 151 Apodemus agrarius and 5 Rattus norvegicus from 27 regions in eight provinces across the ROK between March 2019 and November 2020. Spleen, kidney, and blood samples were used to detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato group, Coxiella burnetii, Leptospira interrogans, and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). Of the 156 rodents, 73 (46.8%) were infected with Bartonella spp., 25 (16.0%) with C. burnetii, 24 (15.4%) with L. interrogans, 21 (13.5%) with A. phagocytophilum, 9 (5.8%) with SFTSV, and 5 (3.2%) with Borrelia afzelii. Co-infections with two and three pathogens were detected in 33 (21.1%) and 11 rodents (7.1%), respectively. A. phagocytophilum was detected in all regions, showing a widespread occurrence in the ROK. The infection rates of Bartonella spp. were 83.3% for B. grahamii and 16.7% for B. taylorii. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. burnetii and SFTSV infections in rodents in the ROK. This study also provides the first description of various rodent-borne pathogens through an extensive epidemiological survey in the ROK. These results suggest that rodents harbor various pathogens that pose a potential threat to public health in the ROK. Our findings provide useful information on the occurrence and distribution of zoonotic pathogens disseminated among rodents and emphasize the urgent need for rapid diagnosis, prevention, and control strategies for these zoonotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Seong Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Hwang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Cheol Kim
- Department of Ecological Science, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Chul Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Ji
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhang S, Leng Y, Zhang FX, Fu BK, Wu BZ, Chen JH, Cui N, Zhao N, Liu W, Li H. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection attributed to cat contact: A case report in Beijing, China. Virol Sin 2024; 39:513-515. [PMID: 38513807 PMCID: PMC11279768 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
•SFTSV is detected in host-seeking ticks in rural–urban fringe areas in Beijing. •SFTSV RNA, IgM, and neutralizing antibodies are detected in stray cats in Beijing. •Multiple SFTSV genotypes naturally circulate within ticks in Beijing's urban zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yu Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Fa-Xue Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bo-Kang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100071, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Bing-Zheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jia-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ning Cui
- Xinyang 154 Hospital, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100071, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Vector Borne and Natural Focus Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100071, China; School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Hidaka K, Mitoma S, Norimine J, Shimojima M, Kuroda Y, Hinoura T. Seroprevalence for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus among the residents of Miyazaki, Japan: An epidemiological study. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:481-487. [PMID: 38042299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). The Miyazaki Prefecture has the highest number of SFTS cases in Japan and requires countermeasures for prevention. In this study, we aimed to conduct an epidemiological survey in Miyazaki Prefecture to determine the exposure conditions of SFTSV by measuring the seroprevalence among residents of Miyazaki and to evaluate the factors that influence the endemicity of SFTS. METHODS The survey was conducted between June 2014 and April 2019 in all 26 municipalities in Miyazaki Prefecture. SFTSV antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the blood samples of 6013 residents (3184 men and 2829 women). A questionnaire-based survey of the living environment was also conducted. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that age and occupation were significant factors related to the proportion of participants with an optical density (OD) value > 0.2 and a seroprevalence of 0.9 % (54/6013). Seven seropositive individuals (0.1 %) with an OD value of >0.4 were identified (three men and four women, aged 54-69 years), and all were asymptomatic. One participant had a higher OD than the positive control. CONCLUSION Although SFTS is endemic in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, its seroprevalence is relatively low. Since some risk areas in Miyazaki prefecture have been identified, it is important to enhance awareness of SFTS in residences and reduce contact with ticks, especially in high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Hidaka
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Shuya Mitoma
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Junzo Norimine
- Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kuroda
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takuji Hinoura
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
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Li J, Wang C, Li X, Zhang G, Sun S, Wang Z, Zhao J, Xiu L, Jiang N, Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhang J. Direct transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from farm-raised fur animals to workers in Weihai, China. Virol J 2024; 21:113. [PMID: 38760812 PMCID: PMC11100147 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02387-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease. SFTS virus (SFTSV) is transmitted by tick bites and contact with the blood or body fluids of SFTS patients. Animal-to-human transmission of SFTS has been reported in Japan, but not in China. In this study, the possible transmission route of two patients who fed and cared for farm-raised fur animals in a mink farm was explored. METHOD An epidemiological investigation and a genetic analysis of patients, animals and working environment were carried out. RESULTS It was found that two patients had not been bitten by ticks and had no contact with patients infected with SFTS virus, but both of them had skinned the dying animals. 54.55% (12/22) of the farm workers were positive for SFTS virus antibody. By analyzing the large, medium and small segments sequences, the viral sequences from the two patients, animals and environments showed 99.9% homology. CONCLUSION It is suspected that the two patients may be directly infected by farm-raised animals, and that the virus may have been transmitted by aerosols when skinning dying animals. Transmission by direct blood contacts or animal bites cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhao Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Chunping Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Shunzeng Sun
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wendeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhefeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Wendeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Linqing Xiu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Nianchen Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Huajiang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 5A-1 Nanyuan Rd, Huancui District, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghui Yang
- Weihai Health Commission, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
| | - Jinbo Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory Department, Weihai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Weihai, Shandong Province, P.R. China.
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Xia Y, Jia B, Chen Y, Wang S, Xu X. Clinical value of coagulation parameters in predicting the severity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1335664. [PMID: 38633697 PMCID: PMC11021696 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1335664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel bunyavirus infection with a high lethality rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in coagulation parameters in patients with SFTS, aiming to provide clinical evidence for early diagnosis, treatment, and disease analysis. Methods A total of 40 patients with SFTS attended from April 1, 2020 to May 21, 2022 in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were selected and grouped according to the duration of the disease, mild and severe disease, cure and death, with 50 healthy physical examiners as controls, and the risk of severe and death disease was predicted using ROC curves. Results Comparison between the healthy, mild and severe groups revealed that PT, INR, APTT, TT, D-D and vWF levels were higher than those in the healthy control group, and FII, FIX, FX, FXI, FXII, PC and PS levels were lower than those in the healthy control group, the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Comparing the results of SFTS patients with different course times, the results of Fib, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, FXI were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Among the survived and deceased patients, the PT, INR, DD and PS results of the deceased patients were higher than those of the survived patients, and the FVIII, FIX, FXI, FXII and PC were lower than those of the survived patients. The area under the ROC curve showed that D-D had higher predictive ability for the risk of severe disease (AUROC 0.93, sensitivity and specificity at a Cut-off value of 1.50 mg/L were 90.0 and 86.5%, respectively) and the risk of death occurring (AUROC 0.84, sensitivity and specificity at a Cut-off value of 3.39 mg/L were 87.5 and 80.0%, respectively). Discussion The monitoring of the coagulation parameters in patients with SFTS is great significance for identifying the severity and death of the patient's condition, and it is of great clinical value to provide early attention, timely intervention and maximum reduction of the mortality rate for patients at risk of severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejing Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Park SC, Jeong DE, Han SW, Chae JS, Lee JY, Kim HS, Kim B, Kang JG. Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs. J Microbiol 2024; 62:327-335. [PMID: 38635002 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening viral zoonosis. The causative agent of this disease is the Dabie bandavirus, which is usually known as the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Although the role of vertebrates in SFTSV transmission to humans remains uncertain, some reports have suggested that dogs could potentially transmit SFTSV to humans. Consequently, preventive measures against SFTSV in dogs are urgently needed. In the present study, dogs were immunized three times at two-week intervals with formaldehyde-inactivated SFTSV with two types of adjuvants. SFTSV (KCD46) was injected into all dogs two weeks after the final immunization. Control dogs showed viremia from 2 to 4 days post infection (dpi), and displayed white pulp atrophy in the spleen, along with a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay (TUNEL) positive area. However, the inactivated SFTSV vaccine groups exhibited rare pathological changes and significantly reduced TUNEL positive areas in the spleen. Furthermore, SFTSV viral loads were not detected at any of the tested dpi. Our results indicate that both adjuvants can be safely used in combination with an inactivated SFTSV formulation to induce strong neutralizing antibodies. Inactivated SFTSV vaccines effectively prevent pathogenicity and viremia in dogs infected with SFTSV. In conclusion, our study highlighted the potential of inactivated SFTSV vaccination for SFTSV control in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Chan Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Bumseok Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.
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Matsuura Y, Hamakubo E, Nishiguchi A, Momoi Y, Matsuu A. Elucidation of prognostic factors in the acute phase of feline severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:211-220. [PMID: 38171741 PMCID: PMC10898982 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a potentially fatal tick-borne zoonotic disease, endemic to Asian regions, including western Japan. Cats appear to suffer a particularly severe form of the disease; however, feline SFTS is not clinically well characterized. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the associations of, demographic, hematological and biochemical, immunological, and virological parameters with clinical outcome (fatal cases vs. survivors) in SFTSV-positive cats. Viral genomic analysis was also performed. Viral load in blood, total bilirubin, creatine phosphokinase, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, tumor necrotic factor-α, and virus-specific IgM and IgG differed significantly between survivors and fatal cases, and thus may have utility as prognosticators. Furthermore, survivor profiling revealed high-level of viremia with multiple parameters (white blood cells, platelet, total bilirubin, glucose, and serum amyloid A) beyond the reference range in the 7-day acute phase, and signs of clinical recovery in the post-acute phase (parameters returning to, or tending toward, the reference range). However, SFTSV was still detectable from some survived cats even 14 days after onset of disease, indicating the risk of infection posed by close-contact exposure may persist through the post-acute phase. This study provides useful information for prognostic assessments of acute feline SFTS, and may contribute to early treatment plans for cats with SFTS. Our findings also alert pet owners and animal health professionals to the need for prolonged vigilance against animal-to-human transmission when handling cats that have been diagnosed with SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Matsuura
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emu Hamakubo
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuu
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Current affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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The combination of levodopa with levodopa-metabolizing enzyme inhibitors prevents severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in vitro more effectively than single levodopa. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:549-553. [PMID: 36871824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome is a hemorrhagic fever caused by a tick-borne infection. The causative agent, Dabie bandavirus, is also called the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). Ogawa et al. (2022) reported that levodopa, an antiparkinsonian drug with an o-dihydroxybenzene backbone, which is important for anti-SFTSV activity, inhibited SFTSV infection. Levodopa is metabolized by dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in vivo. We evaluated the anti-SFTSV efficacy of two DDC inhibitors, benserazide hydrochloride and carbidopa, and two COMT inhibitors, entacapone and nitecapone, which also have an o-dihydroxybenzene backbone. Only DDC inhibitors inhibited SFTSV infection with pretreatment of the virus (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]: 9.0-23.6 μM), whereas all the drugs inhibited SFTSV infection when infected cells were treated (IC50: 21.3-94.2 μM). Levodopa combined with carbidopa and/or entacapone inhibited SFTSV infection in both conditions: pretreatment of the virus (IC50: 2.9-5.8 μM) and treatment of infected cells (IC50: 10.7-15.4 μM). The IC50 of levodopa in the above-mentioned study for pretreatment of the virus and treatment of infected cells were 4.5 and 21.4 μM, respectively. This suggests that a synergistic effect was observed, especially for treatment of infected cells, although the effect is unclear for pretreatment of the virus. This study demonstrates the anti-SFTSV efficacy of levodopa-metabolizing enzyme inhibitors in vitro. These drugs may increase the time for which the levodopa concentration is maintained in vivo. The combination of levodopa and levodopa-metabolizing enzyme inhibitors might be a candidate for drug repurposing.
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11
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Kim SY, Seo CW, Lee HI. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus from ticks: a molecular epidemiological study of a patient in the Republic of Korea. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 89:305-315. [PMID: 36928542 PMCID: PMC10097770 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00783-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by Dabie bandavirus, commonly called SFTS virus (SFTSV). In the Republic of Korea (ROK), 1,504 cases of SFTS have been reported since the first human case was identified in 2013 until 2021. However, no case exists to provide molecular evidence between questing tick and patients with confirmed SFTS in the same living environment. In this study, we investigated the presence of ticks near the area of a patient infected with SFTSV. Ticks were collected by flagging and dry ice-baited traps at three spots in the vegetation around the patients' residence in Chuncheon City, Gangwon Province (ROK). Among the tick samples collected, the presence of SFTSV was genetically determined using reverse transcription PCR, followed by the phylogenetic analysis of the tick virus sequences and SFTSV found in the patient. In total 1,212 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks were collected, and SFTSV was detected at a minimum infection rate of 5.3% (33 pools/618 tested ticks). The sequences of SFTSV in ticks were 99.6-100% identical with the patient's SFTSV in the M segment. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first case to provide a molecular correlation between SFTSV in questing ticks collected from residence and patient with SFTS in the ROK. The present results provide useful information for the epidemiological investigation of patients with SFTS using ticks as vectors of SFTSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Yoon Kim
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Cheongwon-gun, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Won Seo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Dong-Eui Institute of Technology, 54 Yangji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47230, Korea
| | - Hee Il Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Cheongwon-gun, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 363-951, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Matsuu A, Hatai H, Hifumi T, Hamakubo E, Take M, Tanaka T, Momoi Y, Endo Y, Koyoshi A, Kamikubo Y, Kamatsuki R, Kurusu N, Tabata H, Matsuyama H, Yanaidani M, Kawabata M, Kawabata T. Clinical and Pathological Findings in Fatal Cases of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome With High Viremia in Cats. Top Companion Anim Med 2023; 52:100756. [PMID: 36586577 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTSV causes severe symptoms both in humans and cats. In this study, we report the clinical and pathological findings of 4 fatal cases of cats with high SFTS viremia levels. These cats showed an acute onset of fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and increased serum amyloid A and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. A high viral copy number was detected in the blood, oral swabs, rectal swabs, conjunctiva swabs, and urine. Histopathologically, necrotizing lymphadenitis, splenitis with lymphoblastoid cell proliferation, and hemophagocytosis were observed in all 4 cats. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of SFTSV antigen on lymphoblastoid B cells. SFTSV-RNA was detected in systemic tissues, including the brain. The present findings provide useful information for understanding the features of fatal SFTS in cats. To elucidate the mechanisms of severe progress of SFTS cats, as well as its role as a source of human infection, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Matsuu
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Hatai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Hifumi
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Emu Hamakubo
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Maho Take
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Momoi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Endo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ai Koyoshi
- Kawabata animal medical center, Kirishima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Kamikubo
- Kawabata animal medical center, Kirishima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Raye Kamatsuki
- Kawabata animal medical center, Kirishima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kurusu
- Kawabata animal medical center, Kirishima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Haruna Tabata
- Kawabata animal medical center, Kirishima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Mei Yanaidani
- Kawabata animal medical center, Kirishima, Kagoshima, Japan
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13
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Han SW, Oh YI, Rim JM, Cho YK, Kim DH, Kang JG, Choi KS, Chae JS. Clinical features and epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in dogs in the Republic of Korea: an observational study (2019-2020). Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1195-1207. [PMID: 35932407 PMCID: PMC9362334 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a zoonotic disease with a high mortality rate for humans and cats. The clinical course and prognosis of SFTS in dogs remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection in dogs. All evaluated dogs exhibited an acute course and symptoms including fever (57.1%), anorexia (57.1%), depression (42.9%), and vomiting (35.7%). Thrombocytopenia was present in 45.5% of dogs, while jaundice was not observed. C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were elevated in some cases. Viral clearance occurred within 6 to 26 days. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SFTSV sequences were consistent with viruses circulating in the Republic of Korea. As dogs often live in close contact with humans, awareness of the clinical and epidemiological features of SFTS in dogs is crucial. Further large-scale studies are necessary to investigate SFTSV infection in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-In Oh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoo Kim
- Gogang Animal Hospital, 473 Yeokgok-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14416, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 54531, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Seo Y, Prome SA, Kim L, Han JY, Kim JM, Choi SJ. Florid lambda-monotypic B-cell proliferation in fatal severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection-associated necrotizing lymphadenitis: a potential diagnostic pitfall. J Hematop 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12308-022-00520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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15
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Han SW, An JH, Rim JM, Jeong E, Noh S, Kang M, Kang JG, Chae JS. Confirmed cases of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in companion cats with a history of tick exposure in the Republic of Korea. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e83. [PMID: 36259102 PMCID: PMC9715390 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a zoonotic disease, and its clinical information and prevalence are important. This study was conducted on 22 feline patients from the Republic of Korea (ROK), suspected to suffer from a tick-borne disease. Four cats were positive for SFTS, and genotypes B-1, B-3, D, and F were identified. Clinical symptoms, such as anorexia, jaundice, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and hyperbilirubinemia, were detected. This is the first report of SFTS virus genotypes B-1, D, and F from cats in the ROK. Moreover, our results suggest that jaundice may be an indicator of SFTS in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | | | - Sungjun Noh
- Naeum Animal Medical Center, Cheongju 28776, Korea
| | | | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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16
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Ishijima K, Tatemoto K, Park E, Kimura M, Fujita O, Taira M, Kuroda Y, Mendoza MV, Inoue Y, Harada M, Matsuu A, Shimoda H, Kuwata R, Morikawa S, Maeda K. Lethal Disease in Dogs Naturally Infected with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091963. [PMID: 36146769 PMCID: PMC9502089 DOI: 10.3390/v14091963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with the thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) causes fatal disease in humans, cats, and cheetahs. In this study, the information on seven dogs with SFTS was summarized. All dogs showed anorexia, high fever, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, two dogs showed vomiting and loose stool, and five dogs had tick parasites. All dogs also had a history of outdoor activity. The SFTSV gene was detected in all dogs. Remarkably, three dogs (43%) died. SFTSV was isolated from six dogs and the complete genomes were determined. A significant increase in anti-SFTSV-IgG antibodies was observed in two dogs after recovery, and anti-SFTSV-IgM antibodies were detected in four dogs in the acute phase. Using an ELISA cut-off value of 0.410 to discriminate between SFTSV-negative and positive dogs, the detection of anti-SFTSV-IgM antibodies was useful for the diagnosis of dogs with acute-phase SFTS. Four out of the ninety-eight SFTSV-negative dogs possessed high anti-SFTSV IgG antibody titers, indicating that some dogs can recover from SFTSV infection. In conclusion, SFTSV is lethal in some dogs, but many dogs recover from SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Ishijima
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kango Tatemoto
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Eunsil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kimura
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Osamu Fujita
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Taira
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yudai Kuroda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Milagros Virhuez Mendoza
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Michiko Harada
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuu
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-4582-2750
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17
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Gu XL, Su WQ, Zhou CM, Fang LZ, Zhu K, Ma DQ, Jiang FC, Li ZM, Li D, Duan SH, Peng QM, Wang R, Jiang Y, Han HJ, Yu XJ. SFTSV infection in rodents and their ectoparasitic chiggers. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010698. [PMID: 36037170 PMCID: PMC9423666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SFTSV, a tick-borne bunyavirus causing a severe hemorrhagic fever termed as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). To evaluate the potential role of rodents and its ectoparasitic chiggers in the transmission of SFTSV, we collected wild rodents and chiggers on their bodies from a rural area in Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China in September 2020. PCR amplification of the M and L segments of SFTSV showed that 32.3% (10/31) of rodents and 0.2% (1/564) of chiggers (Leptotrombidium deliense) from the rodents were positive to SFTSV. Our results suggested that rodents and chiggers may play an important role in the transmission of SFTSV, although the efficiency of chiggers to transmit SFTSV needs to be further investigated experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Qing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Zhu Fang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Zhu
- Qingdao West Coast New District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Dong-Qiang Ma
- Qingdao West Coast New District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Fa-Chun Jiang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Ze-Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Ju Han
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji’nan, China
- * E-mail: (H-JH); (X-JY)
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (H-JH); (X-JY)
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18
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Saijo M. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, a viral hemorrhagic fever, endemic to Japan: achievements and directions to the future in the scientific and medical research. Jpn J Infect Dis 2022; 75:217-227. [PMID: 35354707 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel infectious disease, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) caused by a novel bunyavirus, with high case fatality rate (CFR) was reported by Chinese scientists in 2011. The causative virus, Dabie bandavirus [former SFTS virus (SFTSV)] belonged to the Bandavirus genus (former Phlebovirus genus) of Phenuiviridae family (former Bunyaviridae family). SFTS was also reported to be endemic to South Korea and Japan in 2013. Humans are infected with SFTSV through bites by ticks such as Haemophysalis longicornis and Amblyomma testidinarium. However, it was reported that domesticated animals such as cats and dogs were also infected with SFTSV probably through tick bites in living environment and show the SFTS-like symptoms with high CFR. Furthermore, there have been the cases of SFTS patients, who were infected with SFTSV through close contacts with sick cats or dogs. The high CFR in patients with SFTS is approximately 30% in Japan. SFTSV is circulating in nature between some species of ticks and animals. There are always the risks of SFTSV infection for human populations living in the endemic areas. Therefore, development of specific therapies and vaccines is an urgent need to reduce the number of fatal SFTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan
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19
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Li JC, Zhao J, Li H, Fang LQ, Liu W. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2022; 1:40-49. [PMID: 38074982 PMCID: PMC10699716 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by a novel phlebovirus (SFTS virus, SFTSV) in the family Phenuiviridae of the order Bunyavirales. The disease causes a wide spectrum of clinical signs and symptoms, ranging from mild febrile disease accompanied by thrombocytopenia and/or leukocytopenia to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, multiple organ failure, and death. SFTS was first identified in China and was subsequently reported in South Korea and Japan. The case-fatality rate ranges from 2.7% to 45.7%. Older age has been consistently shown to be the most important predictor of adverse disease outcomes. Older age exacerbates disease mainly through dysregulation of host immune cells and uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Tick-to-human transmission is the primary route of human infection with SFTSV, and Haemaphysalis longicornis is the primary tick vector of SFTSV. Despite its high case-fatality rate, vaccines and antiviral therapies for SFTS are not currently available. The therapeutic efficacies of several antiviral agents against SFTSV are currently being evaluated. Ribavirin was initially identified as a potential antiviral therapy for SFTS but was subsequently found to inefficiently improve disease outcomes, especially among patients with high viral loads. Favipiravir (T705) decreased both time to clinical improvement and mortality when administered early in patients with low viral loads. Anti-inflammatory agents including corticosteroids have been proposed to play therapeutic roles. However, the efficacy of other therapeutic modalities, such as convalescent plasma, is not yet clear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Li-Qun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
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20
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Sun J, Min YQ, Li Y, Sun X, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Animal Model of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:797189. [PMID: 35087498 PMCID: PMC8787146 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.797189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging life-threatening infectious disease caused by SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV; genus Bandavirus, family Phenuiviridae, order Bunyavirales), has been a significant medical problem. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or specific therapeutic agents available and the viral pathogenesis remains largely unclear. Developing appropriate animal models capable of recapitulating SFTSV infection in humans is crucial for both the study of the viral pathogenic processes and the development of treatment and prevention strategies. Here, we review the current progress in animal models for SFTSV infection by summarizing susceptibility of various potential animal models to SFTSV challenge and the clinical manifestations and histopathological changes in these models. Together with exemplification of studies on SFTSV molecular mechanisms, vaccine candidates, and antiviral drugs, in which animal infection models are utilized, the strengths and limitations of the existing SFTSV animal models and some important directions for future research are also discussed. Further exploration and optimization of SFTSV animal models and the corresponding experimental methods will be undoubtedly valuable for elucidating the viral infection and pathogenesis and evaluating vaccines and antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Qin Min
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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21
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Suspected Transmission of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus from a Cat to a Veterinarian by a Single Contact: A Case Report. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020223. [PMID: 35215817 PMCID: PMC8874511 DOI: 10.3390/v14020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A 67-year-old male veterinarian presented with fatigue, anorexia, and diarrhea. Although there were no tick bite marks, we suspected severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) due to bicytopenia, mild disturbance of consciousness, and a history of outdoor activities. Thus, we started immunoglobulin therapy immediately. A serum reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for SFTS virus (SFTSV) was positive. The patient had treated a cat with thrombocytopenia 10 days prior to admission. The cat’s serum SFTSV RT-PCR test result was positive, and the whole genome sequences of the patient’s and cat’s SFTSV were identical, suggesting the possibility of transmission from the cat to the patient. Other cases of direct cat-to-human SFTV transmission have been reported recently. Mucous membranes should be protected, including eye protection, in addition to standard precautions, when in contact with any cat with suspected SFTS.
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22
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L-DOPA, a treatment for Parkinson's disease, and its enantiomer D-DOPA inhibit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection in vitro. J Infect Chemother 2021; 28:373-376. [PMID: 34802888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a hemorrhagic fever. Patients mainly develop fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia. A high case fatality rate of 16.2-47% has been reported. Vaccines and antivirals that are effective against SFTS virus (SFTSV) are not yet available in clinical practice. We previously showed that o-dihydroxybenzene is the important chemical core structure for anti-SFTSV activity. In this study, we evaluated the anti-SFTSV efficacy of 3-Hydroxy-L-tyrosine (L-DOPA), a treatment for Parkinson's disease and its enantiomer, 3-hydroxy-D-tyrosine (D-DOPA), both of which have an o-dihydroxybenzene backbone. SFTSV was preincubated with L- or D-DOPA and then inhibition of viral infection as well as viral attachment to host cells were evaluated by viral quantification. Both L- and D-DOPA inhibited SFTSV infection in a dose-dependent manner, mainly by blocking viral attachment to host cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of L-DOPA was 4.46-5.09 μM. IC50 of D-DOPA was 4.23-6.72 μM. IC50 of L-DOPA is very close to its maximum blood concentration after oral administration as a therapy for Parkinson's disease. D-DOPA, which IC50 was almost the same as that of L-DOPA, might not cause side effect. Thus, our present study demonstrated that L- and D-DOPA are potentially useful candidates for anti-SFTSV drugs.
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23
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Vectors, Hosts, and the Possible Risk Factors Associated with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2021; 2021:8518189. [PMID: 34777671 PMCID: PMC8580678 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8518189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a disease caused by infection with the SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTS has become a crucial public health concern because of the heavy burden, lack of vaccines, effective therapies, and high-fatality rate. Evidence suggests that SFTSV circulates between ticks and animals in nature and is transmitted to humans by tick bites. In particular, ticks have been implicated as vectors of SFTSV, where domestic or wild animals may play as the amplifying hosts. Many studies have identified antigens and antibodies against SFTSV in various animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, and rodents. Besides, person-to-person transmission through contact with blood or mucous of an infected person has also been reported. In this study, we reviewed the literature and summarized the vectors and hosts associated with SFTS and the possible risk factors.
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24
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Park SC, Park JY, Choi JY, Oh B, Yang MS, Lee SY, Kim JW, Eo SK, Chae JS, Lim CW, Oem JK, Tark DS, Kim B. Experimental infection of dogs with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: Pathogenicity and potential for intraspecies transmission. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:3090-3096. [PMID: 34716981 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by infection with Dabie bandavirus [formerly SFTS virus (SFTSV)] and is an emerging zoonotic disease. Dogs can be infected with SFTSV, but its pathogenicity and transmissibility have not been fully elucidated. In experiment 1, immunocompetent dogs were intramuscularly inoculated with SFTSV. In experiment 2, immunosuppressed dogs (immunosuppressed group; oral azathioprine 5 mg/kg/day for 30 days) were intramuscularly inoculated with SFTSV. Both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent contact dogs were co-housed with the SFTSV-inoculated dogs that had been immunosuppressed. Immunocompetent SFTSV-infected dogs did not show any clinical symptom. However, immunosuppressed SFTSV-infected dogs showed high fever and weight loss without lethality. In all SFTSV-infected dogs, viral RNA could be measured in the serum only after 3 days post infection (DPI) and neutralizing antibodies were detected in the serum beginning 9 DPI. SFTSV shedding in the urine and faeces of some infected dogs occurred between 4 and 6 DPI. The immunocompromised SFTSV-infected dogs showed thrombocytopenia beginning 3 DPI to the end of the experiment (24 DPI). We confirmed SFTSV transmission to one of three immunocompetent co-housed dogs. This dog showed a high fever, weight loss, and shed viral RNA by urine. Viral RNA and neutralizing antibodies were also detected in the serum. These results demonstrated that intramuscular inoculation with SFTSV induced minor clinical symptoms in dogs, and intraspecies SFTSV transmission in dogs can occur by contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Chan Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkwan Oh
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seob Tark
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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25
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Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome with Necrotizing Lymphadenitis in a Patient who Underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT: A Case Report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910488. [PMID: 34639789 PMCID: PMC8508477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), also known as fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia syndrome, is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease in Asian countries. SFTS should be suspected in patients presenting with fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia and have a history of tick exposure in an endemic area. Since SFTS can be accompanied by lymphadenopathy, particularly generalized lymphadenopathy, it can be confused with a primary malignancy, such as lymphoma. The study reports a case of SFTS accompanied by multiple lymphadenopathies, which mimicked malignant lymphoma on F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.
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26
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Dualis H, Zefong AC, Joo LK, Dadar Singh NK, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, Avoi R, Jeffree MS, Hassan MR, Ibrahim MY, Omar A. Factors and outcomes in Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS): A systematic review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 67:102501. [PMID: 34188913 PMCID: PMC8219640 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging infectious zoonosis known as Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is discovered mainly in Japan, South Korea and China. SFTS virus (SFTSV) which is recently recognised as bunyavirus is borne by ticks such as Haemaphysalis longicornis. It has the capabilities to spread as develop clusters and become a considerable public health threat as this virus could experience rapid evolution via gene mutation. Case fatality rate has been reported up to higher than 30%. The aim of this review is to determine the associated risk factors of SFTS and its outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted using online databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. A total of 517 records were identified from searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. From the final exclusions, a total of 26 studies were included for final analysis. RESULTS Associated risk factors to getting SFTS infection include occupation, history of bite from a tick, biological susceptibility, and owning of domestic animal. Fatality rates apart from single case reports range from 15.1% to 50% and are contributed by various factors including delay in hospital admission, high viral load, older age group and presence of comorbid and complication. CONCLUSION A seroprevalence study can be conducted amongst the high-risk occupation group such as farmers and agricultural workers, as well as testing cases where viral fever is suspected but available tests for other diseases turns out negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herwati Dualis
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Abraham Chin Zefong
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lim Kai Joo
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Narinderjeet Kaur Dadar Singh
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Richard Avoi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Saffree Jeffree
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rohaizat Hassan
- Department of Community Health, National University of Malaysia Medical Center, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Yusof Ibrahim
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Azizan Omar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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27
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Ando T, Nabeshima T, Inoue S, Tun MMN, Obata M, Hu W, Shimoda H, Kurihara S, Izumikawa K, Morita K, Hayasaka D. Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Cats and Its Prevalence among Veterinarian Staff Members in Nagasaki, Japan. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061142. [PMID: 34198717 PMCID: PMC8232257 DOI: 10.3390/v13061142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) infection in cats in Nagasaki, Japan. In total, 44 of 133 (33.1%) cats with suspected SFTS were confirmed to be infected with SFTSV. Phylogenetic analyses of SFTSV isolates from cats indicated that the main genotype in Nagasaki was J1 and that unique reassortant strains with J2 (S segment) and unclassified genotypes (M and L segments) were also present. There were no significant differences in virus growth in cell cultures or fatality in SFTSV-infected mice between the SFTSV strains that were isolated from recovered and fatal cat cases. Remarkably, SFTSV RNAs were detected in the swabs from cats, indicating that the body fluids contain SFTSV. To evaluate the risk of SFTSV infection when providing animal care, we further examined the seroprevalence of SFTSV infection in veterinarian staff members; 3 of 71 (4.2%) were seropositive for SFTSV-specific antibodies. Our results provide useful information on the possibility of using cats as sentinel animals and raised concerns of the zoonotic risk of catching SFTSV from animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ando
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.A.); (T.N.); (S.I.); (M.M.N.T.); (K.M.)
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nabeshima
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.A.); (T.N.); (S.I.); (M.M.N.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Shingo Inoue
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.A.); (T.N.); (S.I.); (M.M.N.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Mya Myat Ngwe Tun
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.A.); (T.N.); (S.I.); (M.M.N.T.); (K.M.)
| | - Miho Obata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan; (M.O.); (W.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Weiyin Hu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan; (M.O.); (W.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan; (M.O.); (W.H.); (H.S.)
| | - Shintaro Kurihara
- Department of Medical Safety, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan;
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Infection Control and Education Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Kouichi Morita
- Department of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; (T.A.); (T.N.); (S.I.); (M.M.N.T.); (K.M.)
- Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Communicable Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hayasaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan; (M.O.); (W.H.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-83-933-5887
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28
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Sano S, Fukushi S, Yamada S, Harada S, Kinoshita H, Sugimoto S, Yoshikawa T, Kurosu T, Takamatsu Y, Shimojima M, Toda S, Hamada Y, Fujisawa N, Sugimoto T, Saijo M. Development of an RT-LAMP Assay for the Rapid Detection of SFTS Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040693. [PMID: 33923720 PMCID: PMC8073756 DOI: 10.3390/v13040693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus (SFTSV) during the early phase of the disease is important for appropriate treatment, infection control, and prevention of further transmission. The reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is a nucleic acid amplification method that amplifies the target sequence under isothermal conditions. Here, we developed an RT-LAMP with a novel primer/probe set targeting a conserved region of the SFTSV L segment after extraction of viral RNA (standard RT-LAMP). Both the Chinese and Japanese SFTSV strains, including various genotypes, were detected by the standard RT-LAMP. We also performed RT-LAMP using the same primer/probe set but without the viral RNA extraction step (called simplified RT-LAMP) and evaluated the diagnostic efficacy. The sensitivity and specificity of the simplified RT-LAMP were 84.9% (45/53) and 89.5% (2/19), respectively. The simplified RT-LAMP can detect SFTSV in human sera containing >103.5 copies/mL viral RNA. The two RT-LAMP positive but quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negative samples were positive in the conventional RT-PCR, suggesting that there was no false positive reaction in the RT-LAMP. Both the standard and simplified RT-LAMP are useful for detecting the SFTSV genome in patients during the early phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Sano
- Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., 4-19-9 Taito, Taito-ku, Tokyo 110-8408, Japan;
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5285-1111; Fax: +81-3-5285-1180
| | - Souichi Yamada
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Shizuko Harada
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Hitomi Kinoshita
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Satoko Sugimoto
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Takeshi Kurosu
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Shoichi Toda
- Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 2-5-67 Aoi Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-0821, Japan;
| | - Yuka Hamada
- Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Environmental Research and Public Health, 11-40, Kinko-cho, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 892-0836, Japan;
| | - Naoki Fujisawa
- Shimane Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environmental Science, 582-1, Nishihamasada-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-0122, Japan;
| | - Takayuki Sugimoto
- Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, 2-3-2, Gakuenkibanadainishi, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki 889-2155, Japan;
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan; (S.Y.); (S.H.); (H.K.); (S.S.); (T.Y.); (T.K.); (Y.T.); shimoji-@nih.go.jp (M.S.); (M.S.)
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29
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Residual and Late Onset Symptoms Appeared in a Patient with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia in a Convalescence Stage. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040657. [PMID: 33920248 PMCID: PMC8069184 DOI: 10.3390/v13040657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne infectious disease caused by Dabie bandavirus (formerly SFTS virus, SFTSV). Its manifestations during the convalescent phase have not been widely described. We report a patient presenting with hematospermia, fatigue, myalgia, alopecia, insomnia, and depression during the recovery phase of SFTS. Since these symptoms are widely observed in patients with viral hemorrhagic fevers, there might be common mechanisms between SFTS and other viral hemorrhagic fevers. Close monitoring may be required during the recovery phase of SFTS.
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30
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Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040627. [PMID: 33917632 PMCID: PMC8067456 DOI: 10.3390/v13040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), is a tick-borne emerging zoonosis with a high case-fatality rate. At present, there is no approved SFTS vaccine, although the development of a vaccine would be one of the best strategies for preventing SFTS. This article focused on studies aimed at establishing small animal models of SFTS that are indispensable for evaluating vaccine candidates, developing these vaccine candidates, and establishing more practical animal models for evaluation. Innate immune-deficient mouse models, a hamster model, an immunocompetent ferret model and a cat model have been developed for SFTS. Several vaccine candidates for SFTS have been developed, and their efficacy has been confirmed using these animal models. The candidates consist of live-attenuated virus-based, viral vector-based, or DNA-based vaccines. SFTS vaccines are expected to be used for humans and companion dogs and cats. Hence for practical use, the vaccine candidates should be evaluated for efficacy using not only nonhuman primates but also dogs and cats. There is no practical nonhuman primate model of SFTS; however, the cat model is available to evaluate the efficacy of these candidate SFTS vaccines on domesticated animals.
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