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Hönemann M, Maier M, Frille A, Thiem S, Bergs S, Williams TC, Mas V, Lübbert C, Pietsch C. Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adult Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Germany: Clinical Features and Molecular Epidemiology of the Fusion Protein in the Severe Respiratory Season of 2022/2023. Viruses 2024; 16:943. [PMID: 38932235 PMCID: PMC11209376 DOI: 10.3390/v16060943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Following an interseasonal rise in mainly pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases in Germany in 2021, an exceptionally high number of adult cases was observed in the subsequent respiratory season of 2022/2023. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical presentation of RSV infections in the pre- and post-SARS-CoV-2 pandemic periods. Additionally, the local epidemiology of the RSV fusion protein was analyzed at a molecular genetic and amino acid level. RSV detections in adults peaked in calendar week 1 of 2023, 8 weeks earlier than the earliest peak observed in the three pre-pandemic seasons. Although the median age of the adult patients was not different (66.5 vs. 65 years), subtle differences between both periods regarding comorbidities and the clinical presentation of RSV cases were noted. High rates of comorbidities prevailed; however, significantly lower numbers of patients with a history of lung transplantation (p = 0.009), chronic kidney disease (p = 0.013), and immunosuppression (p = 0.038) were observed in the 2022/2023 season. In contrast, significantly more lower respiratory tract infections (p < 0.001), in particular in the form of pneumonia (p = 0.015) and exacerbations of obstructive lung diseases (p = 0.008), were detected. An ICU admission was noted for 23.7% of all patients throughout the study period. Sequence analysis of the fusion protein gene revealed a close phylogenetic relatedness, regardless of the season of origin. However, especially for RSV-B, an accumulation of amino acid point substitutions was noted, including in antigenic site Ø. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had a tremendous impact on the seasonality of RSV, and the introduction of new vaccination and immunization strategies against RSV warrants further epidemiologic studies of this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Hönemann
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Johannisalle 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Maier
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Johannisalle 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin Frille
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Thiem
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Johannisalle 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Bergs
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Johannisalle 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Williams
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Royal Hospital for Children and Young People, 50 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Vicente Mas
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Sinesio Delgado, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Lübbert
- Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Pietsch
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital, Johannisalle 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Infectious Diseases, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Makhsous N, Goya S, Avendaño CC, Rupp J, Kuypers J, Jerome KR, Boeckh M, Waghmare A, Greninger AL. Within-Host Rhinovirus Evolution in Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Highlights Capsid Variability and Mutation-Independent Compartmentalization. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:403-412. [PMID: 37486790 PMCID: PMC10873175 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus (RV) infections can progress from the upper (URT) to lower (LRT) respiratory tract in immunocompromised individuals, causing high rates of fatal pneumonia. Little is known about how RV evolves within hosts during infection. METHODS We sequenced RV complete genomes from 12 hematopoietic cell transplant patients with infection for up to 190 days from both URT (nasal wash, NW) and LRT (bronchoalveolar lavage, BAL). Metagenomic and amplicon next-generation sequencing were used to track the emergence and evolution of intrahost single nucleotide variants (iSNVs). RESULTS Identical RV intrahost populations in matched NW and BAL specimens indicated no genetic adaptation is required for RV to progress from URT to LRT. Coding iSNVs were 2.3-fold more prevalent in capsid over nonstructural genes. iSNVs modeled were significantly more likely to be found in capsid surface residues, but were not preferentially located in known RV-neutralizing antibody epitopes. Newly emergent, genotype-matched iSNV haplotypes from immunocompromised individuals in 2008-2010 could be detected in Seattle-area community RV sequences in 2020-2021. CONCLUSIONS RV infections in immunocompromised hosts can progress from URT to LRT with no specific evolutionary requirement. Capsid proteins carry the highest variability and emergent mutations can be detected in other, including future, RV sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Makhsous
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Stephanie Goya
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Carlos C Avendaño
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jason Rupp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jane Kuypers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
| | - Michael Boeckh
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Alpana Waghmare
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, USA
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Berginc N, Sočan M, Prosenc Trilar K, Petrovec M. Seasonality and Genotype Diversity of Human Rhinoviruses during an Eight-Year Period in Slovenia. Microorganisms 2024; 12:341. [PMID: 38399745 PMCID: PMC10893136 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the high socioeconomic burden of rhinoviruses, the development of prevention and treatment strategies is of high importance. Understanding the epidemiological and clinical features of rhinoviruses is essential in order to address these issues. Our study aimed to define the seasonality and molecular epidemiology of rhinoviruses in Slovenia. Over a period of eight years, a total of 20,425 patients from sentinel primary healthcare settings and sentinel hospitals were examined for a panel of respiratory viruses in the national programme for the surveillance of influenza-like illnesses and acute respiratory infections. The patients were from all age groups and had respiratory infections of various severity. Infection with a rhinovirus was confirmed using an RT-rPCR in 1834 patients, and 1480 rhinoviruses were genotyped. The molecular analysis was linked to demographical and meteorological data. We confirmed the year-round circulation of rhinoviruses with clear seasonal cycles, resulting in two seasonal waves with peaks in spring and autumn. High levels of genotype variability and co-circulation were confirmed between and within seasons and were analysed in terms of patient age, the patient source reflecting disease severity, and meteorological factors. Our study provides missing scientific information on the genotype diversity of rhinoviruses in Slovenia. As most previous investigations focused on exclusive segments of the population, such as children or hospitalised patients, and for shorter study periods, our study, with its design, size and length, contributes complementary aspects and new evidence-based knowledge to the regional and global understanding of rhinovirus seasonality and molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Berginc
- Department of Public Health Microbiology, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Maja Sočan
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Public Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Prosenc Trilar
- Department of Public Health Microbiology, National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Miroslav Petrovec
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Li Y, Wang X, Xu R, Wang T, Zhang D, Qian W. Establishment of RT-RPA-Cas12a assay for rapid and sensitive detection of human rhinovirus B. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:333. [PMID: 37951882 PMCID: PMC10640725 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human rhinovirus B (HRV-B) is a major human viral pathogen that can be responsible for various kinds of infections. Due to the health risks associated with HRV-B, it is therefore crucial to explore a rapid, specific, and sensitive method for surveillance. Herein, we exploited a novel detection method for HRV-B by combining reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) of nucleic acids isothermal amplification and the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a. Our RT-RPA-Cas12a-based fluorescent assay can be completed within 35-45 min and obtain a lower detection threshold to 0.5 copies/µL of target RNA. Meanwhile, crRNA sequences without a specific protospacer adjacent motif can effectively activate the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a. Moreover, our RT-RPA-Cas12a-based fluorescent method was examined using 30 clinical samples, and exhibited high accuracy with positive and negative predictive agreement of 90% and 100%, respectively. Taken together, a novel promising, rapid and effective RT-RPA-Cas12a-based detection method was explored and shows promising potential for on-site HRV-B infection in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Virus Research, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Rong Xu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Virus Research, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Virus Research, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, P. R. China.
| | - Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China.
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Urbani F, Cometa M, Martelli C, Santoli F, Rana R, Ursitti A, Bonato M, Baraldo S, Contoli M, Papi A. Update on virus-induced asthma exacerbations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:1259-1272. [PMID: 37470413 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2239504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral infections are common triggers for asthma exacerbation. Subjects with asthma are more susceptible to viral infections and develop more severe or long-lasting lower respiratory tract symptoms than healthy individuals owing to impaired immune responses. Of the many viruses associated with asthma exacerbation, rhinovirus (RV) is the most frequently identified virus in both adults and children. AREAS COVERED We reviewed epidemiological and clinical links and mechanistic studies on virus-associated asthma exacerbations. We included sections on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2), the latest evidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in asthma patients, and past and future searches for therapeutic and prevention targets. EXPERT OPINION Early treatment or prevention of viral infections might significantly reduce the rate of asthma exacerbation, which is one of the key points of disease management. Although it is hypothetically possible nowadays to interfere with every step of the infectious cycle of respiratory tract viruses, vaccination development has provided some of the most encouraging results. Future research should proceed toward the development of a wider spectrum of vaccines to achieve a better quality of life for patients with asthma and to reduce the economic burden on the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Urbani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marianna Cometa
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Martelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Santoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Rana
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonio Ursitti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Simonetta Baraldo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Contoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Papi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara Medical School, University of Ferrara, Sant'anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
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Hönemann M, Thiem S, Bergs S, Berthold T, Propach C, Siekmeyer M, Frille A, Wallborn T, Maier M, Pietsch C. In-Depth Analysis of the Re-Emergence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Germany in the Summer of 2021 after the Alleviation of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions Due to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040877. [PMID: 37112857 PMCID: PMC10144477 DOI: 10.3390/v15040877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the extensive non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and behavioral changes in the wake of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, an interseasonal rise in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cases was observed in Germany in 2021. The aim of this study was to characterize the local molecular epidemiology of RSV infections in comparison to the three pre-pandemic seasons. Additionally, clinical data were retrieved from patient charts to determine the clinical significance of RSV infections. RSV detections peaked in calendar week 40 of 2021, 18 weeks earlier than the usual peak observed in the three pre-pandemic seasons. Sequence analysis revealed a close phylogenetic relatedness regardless of the season of origin. A significantly higher amount of pediatric cases (88.9% of all cases, p < 0.001) was observed for season 2021/2022. For the pediatric cases, significant differences were observed for an increased number of siblings in the household (p = 0.004), a lower rate of fever (p = 0.007), and a reduced amount of co-infections (p = 0.001). Although the mean age of the adult patients was significantly younger (47.1 vs. 64.7, p < 0.001), high rates of comorbidities, lower respiratory tract infections and intensive care unit admissions prevailed. The NPIs in the wake of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had a tremendous impact on the epidemiologic characteristics and seasonality of RSV and warrant further epidemiologic studies of this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Hönemann
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Thiem
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Bergs
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tom Berthold
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Propach
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Siekmeyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Armin Frille
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tillmann Wallborn
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum St. Georg, Delitzscher Strasse 141, 04129 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melanie Maier
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Pietsch
- Virology Department, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Qian W, Wang X, Huang J, Liu J, Chen S, Wang T, Zhang D, Li Y. Sensitive and rapid RT-RPA-Cas12a-mediated detection method capable of human rhinovirus A and/or C species by targeting VP4. Virus Res 2023; 323:199001. [PMID: 36375713 PMCID: PMC10194307 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.199001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human rhinovirus (HRV), the main etiologic agent of the common cold, is responsible for significant morbidity, medical costs, and the loss of productivity in the workplace and school. To prevent the spread of HRV, accurate, low-cost and rapid diagnostics of HRV is crucial for identifying those at-risk for the illness associated with HRV, with the most frequently detected species, including HRV species A (HRV-A) and C (HRV-C). Here, a novel HRV-A and/or HRV-C molecular diagnostic assay that integrates reverse-transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay (RT-RPA) amplification with CRISPR/Cas12a detection, with the result readout using a fluorescence detector or lateral flow strip (LFS). The established assay could be completed within 50 min without complex instruments and skilled technicians. The limit of detection of the RT-RPA-Cas12a-mediated real-time fluorescence or LFS assay could reach 0.1 copy/μl, and 0.5 copy/μl for the end-point fluorescence assay with a UV light illuminator readout, respectively. Meanwhile, the assay demonstrates excellent specificity without cross-reactivity to non-target viruses. Furthermore, they were appraised using 80 clinical samples, and RT-RPA-Cas12a-mediated fluorescence or LFS assay displayed high-accuracy with positive and negative predictive agreement of 96.7%, 95% and 100%, respectively. Taken together, the RT-RPA-Cas12a-mediated assay is a rapid, sensitive, and specific detection tool for routine and on-site detection method for HRV-A and/or HRV-C infections, and shows great promise for use in resource-poor or constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Shanghai Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Shanghai 201103, PR China
| | - Si Chen
- University of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518052, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, PR China.
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, PR China.
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Neugebauer F, Bergs S, Liebert UG, Hönemann M. Human Rhinoviruses in Pediatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Germany: Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Significance. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081829. [PMID: 36016451 PMCID: PMC9415293 DOI: 10.3390/v14081829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinoviruses (RVs) constitute a substantial public health burden. To evaluate their abundance and genetic diversity in pediatric patients, RV RNA in respiratory samples was assessed using real-time RT-PCR and partial nucleic acid sequencing of viral genomes. Additionally, clinical data were retrieved from patient charts to determine the clinical significance of pediatric RV infections. In total, the respiratory specimens of 776 patients (<18 years), collected from 2013 to 2017, were analyzed. Infections occurred throughout the entire year, with peaks occurring in fall and winter, and showed remarkably high intra- and interseasonal diversity for RV genotypes. RV species were detected in the following frequencies: 49.1% RV-A, 5.9% RV-B, and 43.6% RV-C. RV-C was found to be more frequently associated with asthma (p = 0.04) and bronchiolitis (p < 0.001), while RV-A was more frequently associated with fever (p = 0.001) and pneumonia (p = 0.002). Additionally, 35.3% of the patients had co-infections with other pathogens, which were associated with a longer hospital stay (p < 0.001), need for ventilation (p < 0.001), and pneumonia (p < 0.001). Taken together, this study shows pronounced RV genetic diversity in pediatric patients and indicates differences in RV-associated pathologies, as well as an important role for co-infections.
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Galindo-Fraga A, Guerra de Blas PDC, Ortega-Villa AM, Mateja A, Ruiz Quiñones JA, Cervantes PR, Barrientos FL, Ortiz-Hernández AA, Llamosas-Gallardo B, Ramírez-Venegas A, Vázquez RV, Chepitel DN, Moreno-Espinosa S, Powers JH, Lourdes Guerrero M, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Beigel J. DIFFERENT CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF HUMAN RHINOVIRUS (HRV) SPECIES INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS IN MEXICO. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac303. [PMID: 35891697 PMCID: PMC9308452 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are a common cause of influenza-like illness, with the ability to infect the upper and lower respiratory tracts. In this study we aim to describe the clinical and molecular features of HRV infection in Mexican children and adults. Methods We performed a hospital-based, 4-year multicenter prospective observational cohort study of patients with influenza-like illness. Participants who tested positive for HRV were included. We described demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and the association between HRV types, illness severity, and clinical outcomes. Results Of the 5662 subjects recruited, 1473 (26%) had HRV; of those, 988 (67.1%) were adults (≥18 years) and 485 (32.9%) were children. One hundred sixty-seven (11.33%) samples were sequenced; 101 (60.5%) were rhinovirus species A (HRV-A), 22 (13.2%) were rhinovirus species B (HRV-B), and 44 (26.3%) were rhinovirus species C (HRV-C). Among children and adults, 30.5% and 23.5%, respectively, were hospitalized (non–intensive care unit [ICU]). The odds of HRV-C are higher than HRV-A for participants in the ICU (compared to outpatient) and when platelets, lymphocytes, white blood cells, and lactate dehydrogenase are increased. The odds of HRV-C are higher than HRV-A and HRV-B with shortness of breath. The odds of HRV-A are higher than HRV-B, and the odds of HRV-B are higher than HRV-C, when mild symptoms like muscle ache and headache occur. Conclusions Rhinoviruses are a common cause of influenza-like illness. It is necessary to improve the surveillance, testing, and species identification for these viruses to understand different clinical presentations and risk factors associated with worse outcomes. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01418287.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Galindo-Fraga
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - Ana M Ortega-Villa
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Allyson Mateja
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research , Frederick, Maryland , United States of America
| | - Jesus Arturo Ruiz Quiñones
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Pilar Ramos Cervantes
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Fernando Ledesma Barrientos
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Ana A Ortiz-Hernández
- División de Desarrollo y Enlace Interinstitucional, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Beatriz Llamosas-Gallardo
- División de Desarrollo y Enlace Interinstitucional, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ramírez-Venegas
- Departamento de Investigación en Tabaquismo y EPOC, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas” , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Rafael Valdéz Vázquez
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González” , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Daniel Noyola Chepitel
- Microbiology Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luís Potosí , San Luis Potosí , Mexico
| | - Sarbelio Moreno-Espinosa
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - John H Powers
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick , Maryland , United States of America
| | - M Lourdes Guerrero
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Guillermo M Ruiz-Palacios
- Departamento de Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - John Beigel
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Ahirwar A, Kesharwani K, Deka R, Muthukumar S, Khan MJ, Rai A, Vinayak V, Varjani S, Joshi KB, Morjaria S. Microalgal drugs: A promising therapeutic reserve for the future. J Biotechnol 2022; 349:32-46. [PMID: 35339574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the decades, a variety of chemically synthesized drugs are being used to cure existing diseases but often these drugs could not be effectively employed for the treatment of serious and newly emerging diseases. Fortunately, in nature there occurs immense treasure of plants and microorganisms which are living jewels with respect to their richness of medically important metabolites of high value. Hence, amongst the existing microorganism(s), the marine world offers a plethora of biological entities that can contribute to alleviate numerous human ailments. Algae are one such photosynthetic microorganism found in both marine as well as fresh water which are rich source of metabolites known for their nutrient content and health benefits. Various algal species like Haematococcus, Diatoms, Griffithsia, Chlorella, Spirulina, Ulva, etc. have been identified and isolated to produce biologically active and pharmaceutically important high value compounds like astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, sulphur polysaccharides mainly galactose, rhamnose, xylose, fucose etc., which show antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-cancer, and antiviral activities. However, the production of either of these bio compounds is favored under conditions of stress. This review gives detailed information on various nutraceutical metabolites extracted from algae. Additionally focus has been made on the role of these bio compounds extracted from algae especially sulphur polysaccharides to treat several diseases with prospective treatment for SARS-CoV-2. Lastly it covers the knowledge gaps and future perspectives in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankesh Ahirwar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP) 470003, India
| | - Khushboo Kesharwani
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP) 470003, India
| | - Rahul Deka
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP) 470003, India
| | - Shreya Muthukumar
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP) 470003, India
| | - Mohd Jahir Khan
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP) 470003, India
| | - Anshuman Rai
- MMU, Deemed University, School of Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Ambala, Haryana, 133203, India
| | - Vandana Vinayak
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP) 470003, India.
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382 010, India.
| | - Khashti Ballabh Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP) 470003, India
| | - Shruti Morjaria
- Diatom Nanoengineering and Metabolism Laboratory (DNM), School of Applied Science, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar (MP) 470003, India
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Understanding Rhinovirus Circulation and Impact on Illness. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010141. [PMID: 35062345 PMCID: PMC8778310 DOI: 10.3390/v14010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhinoviruses (RVs) have been reported as one of the main viral causes for severe respiratory illnesses that may require hospitalization, competing with the burden of other respiratory viruses such as influenza and RSV in terms of severity, economic cost, and resource utilization. With three species and 169 subtypes, RV presents the greatest diversity within the Enterovirus genus, and despite the efforts of the research community to identify clinically relevant subtypes to target therapeutic strategies, the role of species and subtype in the clinical outcomes of RV infection remains unclear. This review aims to collect and organize data relevant to RV illness in order to find patterns and links with species and/or subtype, with a specific focus on species and subtype diversity in clinical studies typing of respiratory samples.
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