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Jiwani U, Ali KQ, Khowaja S, Iqbal J, Aamir A, Ansari U, Habib MA, Soofi S, Ariff S. Exploring the long-term seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in infants born to women with clinical or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Pediatr Neonatol 2024; 65:293-297. [PMID: 38040574 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infants are at a higher risk of severe illness with COVID-19 infection compared to older children. While COVID-19 vaccination is not recommended for young infants, they can acquire maternally-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies passively through the placenta and breastmilk. We described the persistence of infection-induced maternal antibodies in infant circulation at 9-12 months of age. METHODOLOGY This was a cross-sectional study nested within the INTERCOVID multinational cohort study. For each COVID positive pregnant woman, two unmatched consecutive COVID negative pregnant women were enrolled between April and September 2020. Women with a positive PCR test, radiographic signs consistent with COVID-19, or at least 2 predefined symptoms of COVID-19 were considered as COVID positive. For this nested cross-sectional study, all COVID positive and either one of the COVID negative participants recruited from the Aga Khan University, Pakistan were approached 9-12 months after delivery, and maternal and infant sera were collected for antibody detection. RESULTS Altogether, 83 mothers provided consent, of whom 32 (38.6 %) were COVID positive and 51 (61.4 %) were COVID negative during pregnancy. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were present in 13 (41 %) infants born to COVID positive and 19 (39 %) infants born to COVID negative mothers (p = 0.87). The presence of reactive antibodies in infants at follow-up was associated with maternal antibodies at follow-up (OR:9.50, 95 % CI:2.03-44.42; p = 0.004). COVID infection occurred in 3 (6 %) infants born to COVID negative mothers while no infant born to a COVID positive mother had a history of infection (p = 0.27). CONCLUSION The presence of reactive anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in infants at 9-12 months of age is associated with maternal seropositivity 9-12 months after delivery rather than maternal infection during pregnancy. Further studies are required to validate these findings and assess whether passive immunity in infants is protective against COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uswa Jiwani
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
| | - Khushboo Qaim Ali
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
| | - Saleema Khowaja
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
| | - Almas Aamir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
| | - Uzair Ansari
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
| | | | - Sajid Soofi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
| | - Shabina Ariff
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Pakistan.
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Simanavičius M, Kučinskaitė-Kodzė I, Kaselienė S, Sauliūnė S, Gudas D, Jančorienė L, Jasinskienė R, Vitkauskienė A, Žūtautienė R, Žvirblienė A, Stankūnas M. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in a sample of the Lithuanian population-based study in Spring 2023. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29343. [PMID: 38681561 PMCID: PMC11053182 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Despite positive trends in SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, seroprevalence surveys remain an important tool for estimating the magnitude of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins in a sample of the Lithuanian population (N = 517) and evaluate how the pattern of seropositivity correlates with the levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Methods Study participants (aged 18-88 years) filled in the questionnaire self-reporting their demographic-social variables, health status, and SARS-CoV-2-related status. The anti-S and anti-N IgG levels were estimated using a microarray ELISA test. Results After several pandemic waves and vaccination campaign, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG in the analyzed sample was 97.87 % by March-May 2023. We determined the 96.91 % prevalence of anti-S and 58.03 % prevalence of anti-N IgG. The majority of study participants (71.18 %) had hybrid immunity induced by vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection. 20.3 % of study participants were anti-N IgG positive without reporting any previous symptoms or a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. A decline of anti-N IgG positivity within 9 months after infection was observed. Conclusions This study demonstrates high total seroprevalence in March-May 2023 in all age groups indicating a widely established humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in Lithuania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martynas Simanavičius
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Indrė Kučinskaitė-Kodzė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Snieguolė Kaselienė
- Department of Health Management, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Skirmantė Sauliūnė
- Department of Health Management, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dainius Gudas
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ligita Jančorienė
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Dermatovenerology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rūta Jasinskienė
- Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Astra Vitkauskienė
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių g. 2, LT-50161, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Žūtautienė
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aurelija Žvirblienė
- Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Stankūnas
- Department of Health Management, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės g. 18, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Finsterer J, Scorca FA. The presumed protective effect of IVIG against SARS-CoV-2 in inflammatory myopathy patients remains questionable. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:397-398. [PMID: 37750895 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Neurology and Neurophysiology Center, Postfach 20, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Fulvio A Scorca
- Disciplina de Neurociência, Universiade Federal de São Paulo/Escola Paulista de Medicinal (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang Y, Zhao B, Zhang X, Zhang X, Gao F, Yuan X, Ren X, Li M, Liu D. How immune breakthroughs could slow disease progression and improve prognosis in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1246751. [PMID: 37936709 PMCID: PMC10627193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1246751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous infections and vaccinations have produced preexisting immunity, which differs from primary infection in the organism immune response and may lead to different disease severities and prognoses when reinfected. Objectives The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the impact of immune breakthroughs on disease progression and prognosis in patients with COVID-19. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 1513 COVID-19 patients in Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center from January 2020 to November 2022. All patients were divided into the no immunity group (primary infection and unvaccinated, n=1102) and the immune breakthrough group (previous infection or vaccination, n=411). The immune breakthrough group was further divided into the natural immunity subgroup (n=73), the acquired immunity subgroup (n=322) and the mixed immunity subgroup (n=16). The differences in clinical and outcome data and T lymphocyte subsets and antibody levels between two groups or between three subgroups were compared by ANOVA, t test and chi-square test, and the relationship between T lymphocyte subsets and antibody levels and the disease progression and prognosis of COVID-19 patients was assessed by univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis. Results The total critical rate and the total mortality rate were 2.11% and 0.53%, respectively. The immune breakthrough rate was 27.16%. In the no immunity group, the critical rate and the mortality rate were all higher, and the coronavirus negative conversion time was longer than those in the immune breakthrough group. The differences in the critical rate and the coronavirus negative conversion time between the two groups were all statistically significant (3.72% vs. 0.24%, 14.17 vs. 11.90 days, all p<0.001). In addition, in the no immunity group, although lymphocyte counts and T subsets at admission were higher, all of them decreased consistently and significantly and were significantly lower than those in the immune breakthrough group at the same time from the first week to the fourth week after admission (all p<0.01). The total antibody levels and specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels increased gradually and were always significantly lower than those in the immune breakthrough group at the same time from admission to the fourth week after admission (all p<0.001). Moreover, in the natural immunity subgroup, lymphocyte counts and T subsets at admission were the highest, and total antibody levels and specific IgG levels at admission were the lowest. Then, all of them decreased significantly and were the lowest among the three subgroups at the same time from admission to one month after admission (total antibody: from 546.07 to 158.89, IgG: from 6.00 to 3.95) (all p<0.001). Those in the mixed immunity subgroup were followed by those in the acquired immunity subgroup. While lymphocyte counts and T subsets in these two subgroups and total antibody levels (from 830.84 to 1008.21) and specific IgG levels (from 6.23 to 7.51) in the acquired immunity subgroup increased gradually, total antibody levels (from 1100.82 to 908.58) and specific IgG levels (from 7.14 to 6.58) in the mixed immunity subgroup decreased gradually. Furthermore, T lymphocyte subsets and antibody levels were negatively related to disease severity, prognosis and coronavirus negative conversion time. The total antibody, specific IgM and IgG levels showed good utility for predicting critical COVID-19 patients and dead COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Among patients with COVID-19 patients, immune breakthroughs resulting from previous infection or vaccination, could decelerate disease progression and enhance prognosis by expediting host cellular and humoral immunity to accelerate virus clearance, especially in individuals who have been vaccinated and previously infected. Clinical trial registry Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR2000034563.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Wang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Bennan Zhao
- The First Ward of Internal Medicine, Public Health Clinic Centre of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- The First Ward of Internal Medicine, Public Health Clinic Centre of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengjiao Gao
- The First Ward of Internal Medicine, Public Health Clinic Centre of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- The First Ward of Internal Medicine, Public Health Clinic Centre of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ren
- The First Ward of Internal Medicine, Public Health Clinic Centre of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoquan Li
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Dafeng Liu
- The First Ward of Internal Medicine, Public Health Clinic Centre of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
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Gonzales MLAM, Dans LF, Tan-Lim CSC, Uy E, Cutiongco-dela Paz E, Sulit MVV, Alejandria MM, Lansang MAD, Dans AL, Dator MA, Cordero CP, Pardilla GF. Durability and extent of protection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among patients with COVID-19 in Metro Manila, Philippines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190093. [PMID: 37457735 PMCID: PMC10338854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Information on the magnitude and durability of humoral immunity against COVID-19 among specific populations can guide policies on vaccination, return from isolation and physical distancing measures. The study determined the durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after an initial infection among Filipinos in Metro Manila, Philippines, and the extent of protection SARS-CoV-2 antibodies confer against reinfection. Methods We conducted a cohort study to monitor the antibody levels of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibodies were measured at Days 21, 90, 180, 270 and 360. Antibody levels were reported as geometric mean titers (GMT) with geometric standard deviation (GSD). Differences in GMT were tested using Friedman test and Kruskal Wallis test, with Bonferroni multiple comparisons procedure. Adjusted hazard ratios on the development of probable reinfection were estimated using Cox proportional models. Results There were 307 study participants included in the study, with 13 dropouts. Study participants received SARS-CoV-2 vaccines at varying times, with 278 participants (90.5%) fully vaccinated by the end of study. The GMT of the study cohort increased over time, from 19.7 U/mL (GSD 11) at Day 21; to 284.5 U/mL (GSD 9.6) at Day 90; 1,061 U/mL (GSD 5.3) at Day 180; 2,003 U/mL (GSD 6.7) at Day 270; and 8,403 U/mL (GSD 3.1) at Day 360. The increase was statistically significant from Day 21 to Day 90 (p<0.0001), Day 90 to Day 180 (p=0.0005), and Day 270 to Day 360 (p<0.0001). Participants with more severe initial infection demonstrated significantly higher antibody levels compared to those with milder infection at Day 21. Sixty-four patients had probable COVID-19 reinfection (incidence of 20.8%, 95% CI 16.4, 25.8%). The GMT of these 64 patients was 411.8 U/mL (GSD 6.9) prior to the occurrence of the probable reinfection. Majority (87.5%) were fully vaccinated. Antibody titers significantly affected the risk of developing reinfection, with adjusted hazard ratio of 0.994, 95% CI 0.992-0.996, p<0.001. Conclusion Antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 increased over a one-year follow-up. Higher antibody levels were observed among those with more severe initial infection and those vaccinated. Higher antibody levels are associated with a lower risk of probable reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonila F. Dans
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Carol Stephanie C. Tan-Lim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Elenore Uy
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Manila, Philippines
| | - Eva Cutiongco-dela Paz
- Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Vanessa V. Sulit
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Marissa M. Alejandria
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mary Ann D. Lansang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Antonio L. Dans
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Melissa A. Dator
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Cynthia P. Cordero
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Gina F. Pardilla
- Manila Health Department Delpan Evacuation Center Quarantine Facility, Manila, Philippines
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Torres-Ruiz J, Lomelín-Gascón J, Lira Luna J, Vargas-Castro AS, Pérez-Fragoso A, Nuñez-Aguirre M, Alcalá-Carmona B, Absalón-Aguilar A, Balderas-Miranda JT, Maravillas-Montero JL, Mejía-Domínguez NR, Núñez-Álvarez C, Llorente L, Romero-Ramírez S, Sosa-Hernández VA, Cervantes-Díaz R, Juárez-Vega G, Meza-Sánchez D, Rull-Gabayet M, Martínez-Juárez LA, Morales L, López-López LN, Negrete-Trujillo JA, Falcón-Lezama JA, Valdez-Vázquez RR, Gallardo-Rincón H, Tapia-Conyer R, Gómez-Martín D. Novel clinical and immunological features associated with persistent post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 after six months of follow-up: a pilot study. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:243-254. [PMID: 36637466 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2158217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is scant information regarding the features associated to the persistence of post-COVID-19 syndrome, which is the main aim of the present study. METHODS A cohort study of 102 COVID-19 patients was conducted. The post-COVID-19 symptoms were assessed by a standardised questionnaire. Lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed by flow cytometry and chemokines/cytokines, neutrophil extracellular traps, the tripartite motif 63, anti-cellular, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were addressed in serum. The primary outcome was the persistence of post-COVID-19 syndrome after six months follow-up. RESULTS Thirteen patients (12.7%) developed the primary outcome and had a more frequent history of post-COVID-19 syndrome 3 months after infection onset (p = .044), increased levels of IL-1α (p = .011) and IP-10 (p = .037) and increased CD57 expression in CD8+ T cells (p = .003). There was a trend towards higher levels of IFN-γ (p = .051), IL-1β (p = .062) and IL-6 (p = .087). The history of post COVID-19 in the previous 3 months, obesity, baseline serum MIP-1α and IP-10, and CD57 expression in CD8+ T cells were independently associated with the persistence of post-COVID-19 syndrome. CONCLUSION Our data suggest an important relationship between a pro-inflammatory state mediated through metabolic pathways related to obesity and increased cellular senescence as a key element in the persistence of post-COVID-19 syndrome at six months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiram Torres-Ruiz
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Jaquelin Lira Luna
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación Escuela Superior de Medicina-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Sofia Vargas-Castro
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Becaria o Becario de la Dirección General de Calidad y Educación en Salud, Secretaría de Salud, México
| | - Alfredo Pérez-Fragoso
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica 1, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Miroslava Nuñez-Aguirre
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica 1, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Beatriz Alcalá-Carmona
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica 1, Posgrado en Ciencias Químicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Abdiel Absalón-Aguilar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jennifer T Balderas-Miranda
- Program of Combined Studies in Medicine, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy R Mejía-Domínguez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Núñez-Álvarez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Llorente
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Romero-Ramírez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victor Andrés Sosa-Hernández
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Cervantes-Díaz
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Juárez-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Meza-Sánchez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marina Rull-Gabayet
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Linda Morales
- Carlos Slim Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Temporary COVID-19 Hospital, Hipódromo de las Américas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Jorge Abelardo Falcón-Lezama
- Carlos Slim Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco
| | | | - Héctor Gallardo-Rincón
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Roberto Tapia-Conyer
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, School of Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Gómez-Martín
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México e Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Socan M, Prosenc K, Mrzel M. Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Following the Omicron BA.1 Wave. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3665. [PMID: 36834360 PMCID: PMC9959557 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a seroprevalence study using convenient residual sera samples from the Slovenian population collected after the end of the Omicron BA.1 pandemic wave. Serum samples were tested for spike glycoprotein (anti-S) and nucleocapsid protein (anti-N) antibodies. Participants' data regarding confirmed infection and vaccination was obtained from national registries. Anti-S antibodies were detected in 2439 (84.1%) of 2899 sera from persons aged 0-90 years, with the lowest prevalence in the 0-17 age group. The proportion of anti-N positives was the lowest in the ≥70 age group. The proportion of anti-N positives was significantly higher among participants with confirmed past infection and among those who had never been vaccinated. In participants who had not been notified as infected and who had never been vaccinated, the seroprevalence of anti-S and anti-N antibodies was 53% and 35.5%, respectively. From the time of serum collection to mid-November 2022, 445 participants (15.3%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, with higher odds in seronegative participants, participants in the 40-59 age group, and those without notified previous infection. Vaccination status and gender had no significant effects on infection risk. This study underlines the importance of serosurveys in understanding the development of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Socan
- National Institute of Public Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Prosenc
- National Laboratory for Health, Food and Environment, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Mrzel
- National Institute of Public Health, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Holmer HK, Mackey K, Fiordalisi CV, Helfand M. Major Update 2: Antibody Response and Risk for Reinfection After SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Final Update of a Living, Rapid Review. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:85-91. [PMID: 36442059 PMCID: PMC9707440 DOI: 10.7326/m22-1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The durability of the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the role of antibodies in protection against reinfection are unclear. PURPOSE To synthesize evidence on the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and reinfection risk with a focus on gaps identified in our prior reports. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, CINAHL, World Health Organization Research Database, and reference lists from 16 December 2021 through 8 July 2022, with surveillance through 22 August 2022. STUDY SELECTION English-language, cohort studies evaluating IgG antibody duration at least 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, the antibody response among immunocompromised adults, predictors of nonseroconversion, and reinfection risk. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators sequentially extracted study data and rated quality. DATA SYNTHESIS Most adults had IgG antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection at time points greater than 12 months (low strength of evidence [SoE]). Although most immunocompromised adults develop antibodies, the overall proportion with antibodies is lower compared with immunocompetent adults (moderate SoE for organ transplant patients and low SoE for patients with cancer or HIV). Prior infection provided substantial, sustained protection against symptomatic reinfection with the Delta variant (high SoE) and reduced the risk for severe disease due to Omicron variants (moderate SoE). Prior infection was less protective against reinfection with Omicron overall (moderate SoE), but protection from earlier variants waned rapidly (low SoE). LIMITATION Single review for abstract screening and sequential review for study selection, data abstraction, and quality assessment. CONCLUSION Evidence for a sustained antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is considerable for both Delta and Omicron variants. Prior infection protected against reinfection with both variants, but, for Omicron, protection was weaker and waned rapidly. This information may have limited clinical applicability as new variants emerge. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (PROSPERO: CRD42020207098).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley K Holmer
- Scientific Resource Center for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Portland, Oregon (H.K.H., C.V.F.)
| | | | - Celia V Fiordalisi
- Scientific Resource Center for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Portland, Oregon (H.K.H., C.V.F.)
| | - Mark Helfand
- VA Portland Health Care System and Scientific Resource Center for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Portland, Oregon (M.H.)
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9
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Mioch D, Vanbrabant L, Reimerink J, Kuiper S, Lodder E, van den Bijllaardt W, Kluytmans J, Wissing MD, Bartels M, van Jaarsveld CH, Leemans M, van Nierop P, van Riet N, Raaijmakers L, Reisiger E, Reusken C, Rietveld A, Salewicz S. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persist up to 12 months after natural infection in healthy employees working in non-medical contact-intensive professions. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 126:155-163. [PMID: 36436751 PMCID: PMC9686051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate dynamics of antibody levels after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 for 12 months in Dutch non-vaccinated hairdressers and hospitality staff. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, blood samples were collected every 3 months for 1 year and analyzed using a qualitative total antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a quantitative immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody ELISA. Participants completed questionnaires, providing information on demographics, health, and work. Differences in antibody levels were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Beta coefficients (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using linear regression. RESULTS Ninety-five of 497 participants (19.1%) had ≥1 seropositive measurement before their last visit using the qualitative ELISA. Only 2.1% (2/95) seroreverted during follow-up. Of 95 participants, 82 (86.3%) tested IgG seropositive in the quantitative ELISA too. IgG antibody levels significantly decreased in the first months (P <0.01) but remained detectable for up to 12 months in all participants. Older age (β, 10-years increment: 24.6, 95% CI: 5.7-43.5) and higher body mass index (β, 5kg/m² increment: 40.0, 95% CI: 2.9-77.2) were significantly associated with a higher peak of antibody levels. CONCLUSION In this cohort, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persisted for up to 1 year after initial seropositivity, suggesting long-term natural immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dymphie Mioch
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands,Corresponding author: Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Doornboslaan 225-227, 4816CZ, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard Vanbrabant
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Reimerink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kuiper
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lodder
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van den Bijllaardt
- Microvida Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands,Department of Infection Control, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kluytmans
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Centre Research Program Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michel D. Wissing
- Regional Public Health Service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - COco-study group#AugustijnHansaBartelsMaritavan JaarsveldCornelia H.M.bLeemansManonavan NieropPetercvan RietNataschaaRaaijmakersLiekeaReisigerElsaReuskenChantaldRietveldArieneeSalewiczSandraaRegional public health service (GGD) of West-Brabant, Breda, the NetherlandsRadboud University Medical Center, Department of Primary and Community Care, Nijmegen, The NetherlandsRegional public health service (GGD) of Brabant Zuid-Oost, Eindhoven, the NetherlandsCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the NetherlandsRegional public health service (GGD) of Hart voor Brabant, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
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10
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Assessing the Pre-Vaccination Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Seroprevalence among Residents and Staff in Nursing Home in Niigata, Japan, November 2020. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112581. [PMID: 36423190 PMCID: PMC9698805 DOI: 10.3390/v14112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in a nursing home in Niigata, Japan, November 2020, with an attack rate of 32.0% (63/197). The present study was aimed at assessing the pre-vaccination seroprevalence almost half a year after the COVID-19 outbreak in residents and staff in the facility, along with an assessment of the performance of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), regarding test seropositivity and seronegativity in detecting immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies (anti-nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins). A total of 101 people (30 reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR)-positive and 71 RT-PCR-negative at the time of the outbreak in November 2020) were tested for anti-IgG antibody titers in April 2021, and the seroprevalence was approximately 40.0-60.0% for residents and 10.0-20.0% for staff, which was almost consistent with the RT-PCR test results that were implemented during the outbreak. The seropositivity for anti-S antibodies showed 90.0% and was almost identical to the RT-PCR positives even after approximately six months of infections, suggesting that the anti-S antibody titer test is reliable for a close assessment of the infection history. Meanwhile, seropositivity for anti-N antibodies was relatively low, at 66.7%. There was one staff member and one resident that were RT-PCR-negative but seropositive for both anti-S and anti-N antibody, indicating overlooked infections despite periodical RT-PCR testing at the time of the outbreak. Our study indicated the impact of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a vulnerable elderly nursing home in the pre-vaccination period and the value of a serological study to supplement RT-PCR results retrospectively.
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11
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Dub T, Solastie A, Hagberg L, Liedes O, Nohynek H, Haveri A, Virta C, Vara S, Lasander M, Ekström N, Österlund P, Lind K, Valtonen H, Hemmilä H, Ikonen N, Lukkarinen T, Palmu AA, Melin M. High secondary attack rate and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in household transmission study participants, Finland 2020–2021. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:876532. [PMID: 35966873 PMCID: PMC9366099 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.876532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Household transmission studies offer the opportunity to assess both secondary attack rate (SAR) and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies over time. Methods In Spring 2020, we invited confirmed COVID-19 cases and their household members to four visits, where we collected nasopharyngeal and serum samples over 28 days after index case onset. We calculated SAR based on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and assessed the persistence of NAb and IgG antibodies (Ab) against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and nucleoprotein. Results SAR was 45% (39/87), including 35 symptomatic secondary cases. During the initial 28-day follow-up, 62% (80/129) of participants developed NAb. Of those that seroconverted, 90% (63/70), 85% (63/74), and 78% (45/58) still had NAb to early B-lineage SARS-CoV-2 3, 6, and 12 months after the onset of the index case. Anti-spike IgG Ab persisted in 100% (69/69), 97% (72/74), and 93% (55/59) of seroconverted participants after 3, 6, and 12 months, while anti-nucleoprotein IgG Ab levels waned faster, persisting in 99% (68/69), 78% (58/74), and 55% (39/71) of participants, respectively. Conclusion Following detection of a COVID-19 case in a household, other members had a high risk of becoming infected. NAb to early B-lineage SARS-CoV-2 persisted for at least a year in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Dub
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Solastie
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anna Solastie,
| | - Lotta Hagberg
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oona Liedes
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Nohynek
- Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Haveri
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Virta
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saimi Vara
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Lasander
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Ekström
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pamela Österlund
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Lind
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Valtonen
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Hemmilä
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Ikonen
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Lukkarinen
- Health Stations and Internal Medicine Clinic, Social and Health Care Sector, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto A. Palmu
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Tampere, Finland
| | - Merit Melin
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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12
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Beser J, Galanis I, Enkirch T, Kühlmann Berenzon S, van Straten E, Duracz J, Rapp M, Zakikhany K, Mansjö M, Wigren Byström J, Forsell MNE, Groenheit R, Tegmark Wisell K, Bråve A. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Sweden, April 26 to May 9, 2021. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10816. [PMID: 35752708 PMCID: PMC9233662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A national point seroprevalence study of SARS-CoV-2 was conducted in Sweden in April-May 2021. In total, 2860 individuals 3 to 90 years old from a probability-based web panel were included. Results showed that an estimated 32.6% of the population in Sweden had detectable levels of antibodies, and among non-vaccinated 20.1% had detectable levels of antibodies. We tested for differences in seroprevalence between age groups and by sex and estimated seroprevalence among previously infected participants by time since reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Beser
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden. .,European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme (EUPHEM), Solna, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan Duracz
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marie Rapp
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
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13
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Ding J, Liu C, Wang Z, Guo H, Zhang K, Ma L, Wang B, Zhao H, Song M, Guan X. Characteristics and Prognosis of Antibody Non-responders With Coronavirus Disease 2019. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:813820. [PMID: 35795627 PMCID: PMC9251059 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.813820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been spreading globally. Information regarding the characteristics and prognosis of antibody non-responders to COVID-19 is limited. Methods In this retrospective, single-center study, we included all patients with confirmed COVID-19 using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) admitted to the Fire God Mountain hospital from February 3, 2020, to April 14, 2020. A total of 1,921 patients were divided into the antibody-negative (n = 94) and antibody-positive (n = 1,827) groups, and 1:1 propensity score matching was used to match the two groups. Results In the antibody-negative group, 40 patients (42.6%) were men, and 49 (52.1%) were older than 65 years. Cough was the most common symptom in the antibody negative group. White blood cell counts, neutrophils, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, urea nitrogen, and creatinine were significantly higher in the antibody-negative patients than in the antibody-positive group (P < 0.005). The number of days of nucleic acid-negative conversion in the antibody-negative group was shorter than that in the antibody-positive group (P < 0.001). The hospitalization time of the antibody-negative patients was shorter than that of the antibody-positive patients (P < 0.001). Conclusion Some COVID-19 patients without specific antibodies had mild symptoms; however, the inflammatory reaction caused by innate clinical immunity was more intense than those associated with antibodies. Non-specific immune responses played an essential role in virus clearance. There was no direct correlation between excessive inflammatory response and adverse outcomes in patients. The risk of reinfection and vaccination strategies for antibody-negative patients need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Ding
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Changxin Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijun Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manya Song
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xizhou Guan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xizhou Guan
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14
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The Dynamics of Changes in the Concentration of IgG against the S1 Subunit in Polish Healthcare Workers in the Period from 1 to 12 Months after Injection, Including Four COVID-19 Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040506. [PMID: 35455255 PMCID: PMC9024925 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The presented research made it possible to obtain the characteristics of changes in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG within one year of vaccination in healthcare workers. Materials and Methods: The research group consisted of 18,610 participants represented by medical and administration staff. IgG antibody concentrations were determined by ELISA. Results: At 5–8 months after full vaccination, the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG with equal vaccines were similar. The exception was JNJ-78436735, for which IgG levels were significantly lower. In the 9th month after vaccination, an increase in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG level, suggesting asymptomatic infection, was observed in a large group of participants. Significantly higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were observed after the booster dose compared to the second dose. The increase in antibodies was observed already around the 5th day after the injection of the booster dose, and was maximized at approximately the 14th day. Conclusion: The cut-off date for protection against the disease seems to be the period 8–9 months from the vaccination for mRNA vaccines and 5–6 months for vector vaccines. The introduction of a booster dose was the right decision, which could have a real impact on restricting the further transmission of the virus.
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