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Hernández-Bello J, Lorenzo-Leal AC, Muñoz-Valle JF, Morales-Núñez JJ, Díaz-Pérez SA, Hernández-Gutiérrez R, Bach H. Neutralizing antibody responses to the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 following vaccination with Ad5-nCoV (CanSino) in the Mexican population. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299520. [PMID: 38573914 PMCID: PMC10994301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ad5-nCoV vaccine was applied to the Mexican population before the WHO approved it. In a transversal study, we compare the CanSino vaccine efficacy and a natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in eliciting neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Guadalajara, Mexico. Participants between 30-60 years were included in the study and classified into three groups: 1) Natural immunity (unvaccinated), 2) Vaccine-induced immunity (vaccinated individuals without a COVID-19 history), and 3) Natural immunity + vaccine-induced immunity. These groups were matched by age and gender. We assessed the ability of individuals' serum to neutralize the Delta variant and compared the results of the different groups using a neutralization test followed by plaque-forming units. Results showed that 39% of individuals' serum with a history of COVID-19 (natural immunity, Group 1) could not neutralize the Delta variant, compared to 33% in vaccinated individuals without COVID-19 (vaccine immunity, Group 2). In contrast, only 7% of vaccinated individuals with a history of COVID-19 (natural + vaccine immunities) could not neutralize the Delta variant. We concluded that the effectiveness of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine to induce neutralizing antibodies against the Delta variant is comparable to that of natural infection (61% vs. 67%). However, in individuals with both forms of immunity (Group 3), it increased to 93%. Based on these results, despite the Ad5-nCoV vaccine originally being designed as a single-dose regimen, it could be recommended that even those who have recovered from COVID-19 should consider vaccination to boost their immunity against this variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ana C. Lorenzo-Leal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - José F. Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - José J. Morales-Núñez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Saul A. Díaz-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Horacio Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Freitas MTDS, Sena LOC, Fukutani KF, dos Santos CA, Neto FDCB, Ribeiro JS, dos Reis ES, Balbino VDQ, de Sá Paiva Leitão S, de Aragão Batista MV, Lipscomb MW, de Moura TR. The increase in SARS-CoV-2 lineages during 2020-2022 in a state in the Brazilian Northeast is associated with a number of cases. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1222152. [PMID: 38186707 PMCID: PMC10771345 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1222152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused a high number of deaths in several countries. In Brazil, there were 37 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 700,000 deaths caused by the disease. The population size and heterogeneity of the Brazilian population should be considered in epidemiological surveillance due to the varied tropism of the virus. As such, municipalities and states must be factored in for their unique specificities, such as socioeconomic conditions and population distribution. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal dispersion of emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages and their dynamics in each microregion from Sergipe state, northeastern Brazil, in the first 3 years of the pandemic. We analyzed 586 genomes sequenced between March 2020 and November 2022 extracted from the GISAID database. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out for each data set to reconstruct evolutionary history. Finally, the existence of a correlation between the number of lineages and infection cases by SARS-CoV-2 was evaluated. Aracaju, the largest city in northeastern Brazil, had the highest number of samples sequenced. This represented 54.6% (320) of the genomes, and consequently, the largest number of lineages identified. Studies also analyzed the relationship between mean lineage distributions and mean monthly infections, daily cases, daily deaths, and hospitalizations of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. For this, a correlation matrix was created. Results revealed that the increase in the average number of SARS-CoV-2 variants was related to the average number of SARS-CoV-2 cases in both unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. Thus, our data indicate that it is necessary to maintain epidemiological surveillance, especially in capital cities, since they have a high rate of circulation of resident and non-resident inhabitants, which contributes to the dynamics of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Thiago de Souza Freitas
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil
- Parasitic Biology Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Oliveira Carvalho Sena
- Health Foundation Parreiras Horta, Central Laboratory of Public Health (LACEN/SE), Sergipe State Health Secretariat, Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Kiyoshi Ferreira Fukutani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Cliomar Alves dos Santos
- Health Foundation Parreiras Horta, Central Laboratory of Public Health (LACEN/SE), Sergipe State Health Secretariat, Aracaju, Brazil
| | | | - Julienne Sousa Ribeiro
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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Parra-Bracamonte G, Lopez-Villalobos N, Velazquez M, Parra-Bracamonte F, Perales-Torres A, Juárez Rendón K. Comparative analysis of risk factors for COVID-19 mortality before, during and after the vaccination programme in Mexico. Public Health 2023; 215:94-99. [PMID: 36652788 PMCID: PMC9767886 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare case fatality rates (CFRs) and odds for mortality by risk factors of patients with COVID-19 in Mexico, before, during and after the implementation of the national COVID-19 vaccination programme. STUDY DESIGN A large database including COVID-19 monitoring cases was used to perform an observational retrospective study. METHODS The Chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to data from COVID-19-positive patients in Mexico. Data were analysed over 3 years, 2020, 2021 and 2022, corresponding with pre-, during and post-vaccination periods. The unadjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were used to estimate the risk factors for COVID-19 mortality in each of the years. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in CFR and odds ratio were found in the studied years, favouring postvaccination period. Significant changes in CFR by age, sex and main comorbidities indicated changes in the epidemic dynamics after the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. The likelihood of death increased for hospitalised cases and for patients who were middle-aged or older in 2021 and 2022, whereas the odds of death associated with sex and comorbidities remained similar or reduced over the 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination programme during 2021 showed positive consequences on CFR. The increased odds of dying in hospitalised patients are likely to be due to the unvaccinated proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.M. Parra-Bracamonte
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, 87710, Mexico,Corresponding author. Centro de Biotecnología Genómica-IPN, Blvd. del Maestro SN, Esq. Elías Piña, Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa, C.P. 88710, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Tel.: +52 8999243627x87709
| | - N. Lopez-Villalobos
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - M.A. Velazquez
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | | | - A.L. Perales-Torres
- Unidad Académica Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa, 88710, Mexico
| | - K.J. Juárez Rendón
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, 87710, Mexico
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Richardson VL, Franco MAC, Márquez AB, Valdez LM, Ceronio LEC, Cruz VC, Gharpure R, Lafond KE, Yau TS, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Ávila MH. Vaccine Effectiveness of CanSino (Adv5-nCoV) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccine Among Childcare Workers-Mexico, March-December 2021. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S167-S173. [PMID: 35717650 PMCID: PMC9214173 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beginning in March 2021, Mexico vaccinated childcare workers with a single-dose CanSino Biologics (Adv5-nCoV) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Although CanSino is currently approved for use in 10 Latin American, Asian, and European countries, little information is available about its vaccine effectiveness (VE). METHODS We evaluated CanSino VE within a childcare worker cohort that included 1408 childcare facilities. Participants were followed during March-December 2021 and tested through severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test if they developed any symptom compatible with COVID-19. Vaccination status was obtained through worker registries. VE was calculated as 100% × (1 - hazard ratio for SARS-CoV-2 infection in fully vaccinated vs unvaccinated participants), using an Andersen-Gill model adjusted for age, sex, state, and local viral circulation. RESULTS The cohort included 43 925 persons who were mostly (96%) female with a median age of 32 years; 37 646 (86%) were vaccinated with CanSino. During March-December 2021, 2250 (5%) participants had laboratory-confirmed COVID-19, of whom 25 were hospitalized and 6 died. Adjusted VE was 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10%-29%) against illness, 76% (95% CI, 42%-90%) against hospitalization, and 94% (95% CI, 66%-99%) against death. VE against illness declined from 48% (95% CI, 33%-61%) after 14-60 days following full vaccination to 20% (95% CI, 9%-31%) after 61-120 days. CONCLUSIONS CanSino vaccine was effective at preventing COVID-19 illness and highly effective at preventing hospitalization and death. It will be useful to further evaluate duration of protection and assess the value of booster doses to prevent COVID-19 and severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesta L Richardson
- Post-Acceptance Corresponding author: Vesta L. Richardson. Coordinación del Servicio de Guardería para el Desarrollo Integral Infantil. Paseo de la Reforma No. 476, Pórtico Planta Alta, Col. Juárez, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, C. P. 06600, CDMX.
| | | | - Aurora Bautista Márquez
- Dirección de Prestaciones Económicas y Sociales del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Libny Martínez Valdez
- Dirección de Prestaciones Económicas y Sociales del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Enrique Castro Ceronio
- Dirección de Prestaciones Económicas y Sociales del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Vicente Cruz Cruz
- Dirección de Prestaciones Económicas y Sociales del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Radhika Gharpure
- Corresponding author: Radhika Gharpure, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta GA, 30329.
| | | | - Tat S Yau
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Mauricio Hernández Ávila
- Dirección de Prestaciones Económicas y Sociales del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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Characteristics of COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections among Vaccinated Individuals and Associated Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7050081. [PMID: 35622708 PMCID: PMC9144541 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7050081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated individuals by variant distribution and to identify the common risk associations. The PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Embase databases were searched from 2019 to 30 January 2022. The outcome of interest was breakthrough infections (BTIs) in individuals who had completed a primary COVID-19 vaccination series. Thirty-three papers were included in the review. BTIs were more common among variants of concern (VOC) of which Delta accounted for the largest number of BTIs (96%), followed by Alpha (0.94%). In addition, 90% of patients with BTIs recovered, 11.6% were hospitalized with mechanical ventilation, and 0.6% resulted in mortality. BTIs were more common in healthcare workers (HCWs) and immunodeficient individuals with a small percentage found in fully vaccinated healthy individuals. VOC mutations were the primary cause of BTIs. Continued mitigation approaches (e.g., wearing masks and social distancing) are warranted even in fully vaccinated individuals to prevent transmission. Further studies utilizing genomic surveillance and heterologous vaccine regimens to boost the immune response are needed to better understand and control BTIs.
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Tian W, Ren X, Han M, Zhang Y, Gao X, Chen Z, Zhang W. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of vaccinated COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221141802. [PMID: 36412572 PMCID: PMC9692180 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221141802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: With the global epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),
vaccination rates are increasing globally. This study evaluated the relevant
clinical manifestations of vaccinated COVID-19 patients. Methods: We searched
carefully in 11 databases such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web
of Science, Ovid, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wan Fang
Data, Sinomed, VIP Database, and Reading Showing Database up to 26 March 2022.
To search for articles that have described the characteristics of vaccinated
patients including epidemiological and clinical symptoms. Statistical analysis
of the extracted data using STATA 14.0. Results: A total of 58 articles and
263,708 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. Most of the
patients in the vaccinated group had more asymptomatic infection and fewer
severe illnesses. There were significant differences in ethnicity, and strain
infected with COVID-19, and comorbidities (hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity,
kidney disease, immunocompromised, cardiovascular disease, and tumor) and
symptoms (fever, cough, gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological symptoms, and
dysgeusia/anosmia) between vaccinated group and unvaccinated group. Oxygen
support, use of steroid, days in hospital, hospital treatment, ICU treatment,
death, and poor prognosis were also significantly different. Conclusion:
Compared with the vaccinated group, patients in the unvaccinated group had a
more severe clinical manifestations. Vaccines are also protective for infected
people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tian
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingxiang Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Han
- Centre for Evidence-Based Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Captital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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