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Zaatry R, Herren R, Gefen T, Geva-Zatorsky N. Microbiome and infectious disease: diagnostics to therapeutics. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105345. [PMID: 38670215 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Over 300 years of research on the microbial world has revealed their importance in human health and disease. This review explores the impact and potential of microbial-based detection methods and therapeutic interventions, integrating research of early microbiologists, current findings, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan Zaatry
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachel Herren
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Gefen
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Naama Geva-Zatorsky
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Rappaport Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion, Haifa, Israel; CIFAR, Humans & the Microbiome, Toronto, Canada.
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2
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Altomare A, Giovanetti M, Baldaro F, Ciccozzi M, Cicala M, Guarino MPL. The Prevention of Viral Infections: The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Nutritional Factors. Nutrients 2024; 16:2445. [PMID: 39125326 PMCID: PMC11314041 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral infections pose significant global challenges due to their rapid transmissibility. Therefore, preventing and treating these infections promptly is crucial to curbing their spread. This review focuses on the vital link between nutrition and viral infections, underscoring how dietary factors influence immune system modulation. Malnutrition, characterized by deficiencies in essential nutrients such as vitamins A, C, D, E, and zinc, can impair the immune system, thereby increasing vulnerability to viral infections and potentially leading to more severe health outcomes that complicate recovery. Additionally, emerging evidence highlights the role of commensal microbiota in immune regulation, which can affect hosts' susceptibility to infections. Specific dietary components, including bioactive compounds, vitamins, and probiotics, can beneficially modify gut microbiota, thus enhancing immune response and offering protection against viral infections. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which dietary adjustments and gut microbiota impact the pathogenesis of viral infections, with a particular focus on strengthening the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Altomare
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (M.G.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.L.G.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (A.A.); (M.G.)
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil
- Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Bairro Floresta 31110-370, Brazil
| | - Francesca Baldaro
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.L.G.)
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michele Cicala
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.L.G.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Pier Luca Guarino
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.L.G.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
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3
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Ishizaka A, Koga M, Mizutani T, Suzuki Y, Matano T, Yotsuyanagi H. Sustained gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation show correlation with weight gain in person with chronic HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:274. [PMID: 39044127 PMCID: PMC11267850 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Person with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (PWH) are prone to chronic inflammation due to residual viral production, even with antiretroviral therapy (ART), which increases the risk of age-related diseases. There is also limited information on changes in the intestinal environment of PWH during ART. In this longitudinal study, we investigated changes in the gut microbiota, persistence of chronic inflammation, interactions between the gut environment and inflammation, and metabolic changes in PWH using long-term ART. RESULTS We analyzed changes in clinical parameters and gut microbiota in 46 PWH over a mean period of 4 years to understand the influence of gut dysbiosis on inflammation. Overall, changes in the gut microbiota included a decrease in some bacteria, mainly involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and an increase in certain opportunistic bacteria. Throughout the study period, an increase in bacterial-specific metabolic activity was observed in the intestinal environment. Continued decline in certain bacteria belonging to the Clostridia class and metabolic changes in gut bacteria involved in glucose metabolism. Additionally, patients with a low abundance of Parabacteroides exhibited low bacterial alpha diversity and a significant increase in body mass index (BMI) during the study period. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, a marker of macrophage activation in the plasma, continued to increase from baseline (first stool collection timepoint) to follow-up (second stool collection timepoint), demonstrating a mild correlation with BMI. Elevated BMI was mild to moderately correlated with elevated levels of plasma interleukin 16 and chemokine ligand 13, both of which may play a role in intestinal inflammation and bacterial translocation within the gut microbiota. The rate of BMI increase correlated with the rate of decrease in certain SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Anaerostipes and Coprococcus 3. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that despite effective ART, PWH with chronic inflammation exhibit persistent dysbiosis associated with gut inflammation, resulting in a transition to an intestinal environment with metabolic consequences. Moreover, the loss of certain bacteria such as Parabacteroides in PWH correlates with weight gain and may contribute to the development of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ishizaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Mizutani
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Chiba, Kashiwa-shi, 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, Chiba, Kashiwa-shi, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of AIDS Vaccine Development, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Heymans S, Van Linthout S, Kraus SM, Cooper LT, Ntusi NAB. Clinical Characteristics and Mechanisms of Acute Myocarditis. Circ Res 2024; 135:397-411. [PMID: 38963866 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT05335928.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Heymans
- Centre for Heart Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (S.H.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (S.H.)
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (S.V.L.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (S.V.L.)
| | - Sarah Mignon Kraus
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa (S.M.K., N.A.B.N.)
- South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Diseases, Cape Town, South Africa (S.M.K., N.A.B.N.)
| | - Leslie T Cooper
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (L.T.C.)
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa (S.M.K., N.A.B.N.)
- South African Medical Research Council Extramural Unit on Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Diseases, Cape Town, South Africa (S.M.K., N.A.B.N.)
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa (N.A.B.N.)
- ARUA/Guild Cluster of Research Excellence on Noncommunicable Diseases and Associated Multiborbidity, South Africa (N.A.B.N.)
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5
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Hirsch S, Liu E, Rosen R. Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Children. J Pediatr 2024; 274:114179. [PMID: 38944187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use on COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in children. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective, case-control study included all children ≤21 years undergoing COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction testing at a tertiary children's hospital between March 2020 and January 2023. The main exposure was PPI usage. The primary outcome was COVID-19 infection. The secondary outcome was COVID-19 hospitalization. Log-binomial regressions were used to examine associations between PPI use and these outcomes. RESULTS 116 209 patients age 8.5 ± 6.2 years underwent 234 867 COVID-19 tests. Current PPI use was associated with a decreased risk of COVID-19 test positivity compared with PPI nonuse [RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.76, 0.94), P = .002]; however, there was a significant interaction with time of testing, and an effect of PPIs was no longer seen in the final months of the study following lessening of COVID-19 precautions [RR 1.04 (95% CI 0.0.80, 1.36), P = .77]. PPI use was not associated with risk of hospitalization in patients positive for COVID-19 after adjusting for other hospitalization risk factors [RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.64, 1.13), P = .26]. CONCLUSIONS We did not find an association between PPI use and increased COVID-19 susceptibility or severity in this pediatric sample. These results provide reassuring evidence that PPIs may not worsen COVID-19 outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanna Hirsch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Aerodigestive Center, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Enju Liu
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Rosen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Aerodigestive Center, Center for Motility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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6
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Ugwu OPC, Alum EU, Okon MB, Obeagu EI. Mechanisms of microbiota modulation: Implications for health, disease, and therapeutic interventions. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38088. [PMID: 38728472 PMCID: PMC11081615 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiota modulation, the intentional change in the structure and function of the microbial community, is an emerging trajectory that holds the promise to mitigate an infinite number of health issues. The present review illustrates the underlying principles of microbiota modulation and the various applications of this fundamental process to human health, healthcare management, and pharmacologic interventions. Different strategies, directing on dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, treatment with antibiotics, bacteriophages, microbiome engineering, and modulation of the immune system, are described in detail. This therapeutic implication is reflected in clinical applications to gastrointestinal disorders and immune-mediated diseases for microbiota-modulating agents. In addition to this, the review outlines the challenges of translating researched outcomes into clinical practice to consider safety and provides insights into future research directions of this rapidly developing area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Ugo Alum
- Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael Ben Okon
- Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel I. Obeagu
- Department of Publication and Extension, Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda
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Zeber-Lubecka N, Kulecka M, Dabrowska M, Baginska-Drabiuk K, Glowienka-Stodolak M, Nowakowski A, Slabuszewska-Jozwiak A, Bednorz B, Jędrzejewska I, Piasecka M, Pawelec J, Wojciechowska-Lampka E, Ostrowski J. Cervical microbiota dysbiosis associated with high-risk Human Papillomavirus infection. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302270. [PMID: 38669258 PMCID: PMC11051640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes, specifically HPV16 and HPV18, pose a significant risk for the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer. In the multifaceted cervical microenvironment, consisting of immune cells and diverse microbiota, Lactobacillus emerges as a pivotal factor, wielding significant influence in both stabilizing and disrupting the microbiome of the reproductive tract. To analyze the distinction between the cervical microbiota and Lactobacillus-dominant/non-dominant status of HR-HPV and non-infected healthy women, sixty-nine cervical swab samples were analyzed, included 44 with HR-HPV infection and healthy controls. All samples were recruited from Human Papillomavirus-based cervical cancer screening program and subjected to 16s rRNA sequencing analysis. Alpha and beta diversity analyses reveal no significant differences in the cervical microbiota of HR-HPV-infected women, including 16 and 18 HPV genotypes, and those with squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), compared to a control group. In this study we identified significantly lower abundance of Lactobacillus mucosae in women with HR-HPV infection compared to the control group. Furthermore, changes in bacterial diversity were noted in Lactobacillus non-dominant (LND) samples compared to Lactobacillus-dominant (LD) in both HR-HPV-infected and control groups. LND samples in HR-HPV-infected women exhibited a cervical dysbiotic state, characterized by Lactobacillus deficiency. In turn, the LD HR-HPV group showed an overrepresentation of Lactobacillus helveticus. In summary, our study highlighted the distinctive roles of L. mucosae and L. helveticus in HR-HPV infections, signaling a need for further research to demonstrate potential clinical implications of cervical microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michalina Dabrowska
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maria Glowienka-Stodolak
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowakowski
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Bednorz
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Jędrzejewska
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Piasecka
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Pawelec
- Department of Cancer Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Tchoupou Saha OLF, Dubourg G, Yacouba A, Tola R, Raoult D, Lagier JC. Description of nasopharyngeal bacterial pathogens associated with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106561. [PMID: 38307371 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of the coronavirus pandemic facilitated the acquisition of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, resulting in the appearance of new variants over the past three years. We previously identified several taxa associated with the clinical outcome of COVID-19 disease in a retrospective study involving 120 patients (infected patients and negative subjects). However, little is known about whether the different variants could influence variations in the composition of the nasopharyngeal microbiota. In this study, we used multiplex pathogen-specific PCR to analyse the presence of nasopharyngeal bacterial pathogens from 400 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (equally distributed in the four SARS-CoV-2 variants studied: B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1 0.617.2 (Delta), B.1.160 (Marseille-4), and B.1.1.529 (omicron)). We then compared them to 400 patients who tested negative for all respiratory viruses tested in this study, including SARS-CoV-2. We first observed an enrichment of Staphylococcus aureus (P ≤ .05) and Corynebacterium propinquum (P ≤ .05) in COVID-19-positive patients, regardless of the variant, compared to negative subjects. We specifically highlighted a significantly higher frequency of S. aureus (P ≤ .0001), C. propinquum (P ≤ .0001), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (P ≤ .0001), in patients infected with the omicron variant, whereas that of Haemophilus influenzae was higher in patients infected with Marseille-4 (P ≤ .001) and Alpha (P ≤ .01) variants. Our results suggest that the nasopharyngeal bacterial pathogens have their own specificity according to the SARS-CoV-2 variant and independently of the season. Additional studies are needed to determine the role of these pathogens in the evolution of the clinical outcome of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella La Fortune Tchoupou Saha
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Grégory Dubourg
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
| | - Abdourahamane Yacouba
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), AP-HM, MEPHI, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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Mason T, Mukherjee B, Marino P. Pulmonary Hypertension and the Gut Microbiome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:169. [PMID: 38255274 PMCID: PMC10813515 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome and its associated metabolites are integral to the maintenance of gut integrity and function. There is increasing evidence that its alteration, referred to as dysbiosis, is involved in the development of a systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease (e.g., systemic hypertension, atherosclerosis). Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition characterised by progressive remodelling and vasoconstriction of the pulmonary circulation, ultimately leading to right ventricular failure and premature mortality if untreated. Initial studies have suggested a possible association between dysbiosis of the microbiome and the development of PH. The aim of this article is to review the current experimental and clinical data with respect to the potential interaction between the gut microbiome and the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension. It will also highlight possible new therapeutic targets that may provide future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mason
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Bhashkar Mukherjee
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Philip Marino
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, UK
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10
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Ishizaka A, Koga M, Mizutani T, Yamayoshi S, Iwatsuki-Horimoto K, Adachi E, Suzuki Y, Kawaoka Y, Yotsuyanagi H. Association of gut microbiota with the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in people living with HIV. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:6. [PMID: 38172680 PMCID: PMC10763188 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with HIV (PLWH) with chronic inflammation may have an increasing risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity; however, the impact of their gut microbiota on COVID-19 is not fully elucidated. Here, we analyzed the temporal changes in the gut microbiota composition of hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected PLWH (PLWH-CoV) and their correlation with COVID-19 severity. RESULT The 16S rRNA analysis results using stool samples (along the timeline from disease onset) from 12 hospitalized PLWH-CoV, whose median CD4 + T cell count was 671 cells/µl, were compared to those of 19 healthy people and 25 PLWH. Bacterial diversity in PLWH-CoV is not significantly different from that of healthy people and SARS-CoV-2 non-infected PLWH, but a significant difference in the microbiota diversity was observed in the classification according to the disease severity. Immediately after the disease onset, remarkable changes were observed in the gut microbiota of PLWH-CoV, and the changing with a decrease in some short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and an increase in colitis-related pathobiont. In the second week after disease onset, relative amounts of specific bacteria distinguished between disease severity. One month after the disease onset, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota persisted, and the number of Enterobacteriaceae, mainly Escherichia-Shigella, which is potentially pathogenic, increased and were enriched in patients who developed post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). CONCLUSION The changes in the gut microbiota associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in PLWH in this study indicated a persistent decrease in SCFA-producing bacteria and an intestinal environment with an increase in opportunistic pathogens associated with enteritis. This report demonstrates that the intestinal environment in PLWH tends to show delayed improvement even after COVID-19 recovery, and highlights the importance of the dysbiosis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection as a potential factor in the COVID-19 severity and the PASC in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Ishizaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Koga
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Mizutani
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 6-2-3 Kashiwanoha, 277-0882, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Adachi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, the Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, IMSUT Hospital of Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, 108-8639, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Ma J, Wen S, Dong A, Fan W, Kang Y. Gut Microbiome (Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses) and HIV Infection: Revealing Novel Treatment Strategies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300566. [PMID: 37867202 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Plenty of research on microbial-viral interactions has revealed that some commensal microorganisms in the gut, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, can resist or promote viral infection, whereas other microorganisms are involved in pathogenicity. Therefore, the balance between commensal microorganisms and human organisms is a key factor for determining infection and disease progression, and commensal microorganisms have become a hot research area in the medical field. In this review, the compositional characteristics of gut microbiota (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) during HIV infection are reviewed and changes in gut microbiota among different HIV-infected populations are described. Furthermore, the latest progress of potential microbial therapeutic methods, including a) probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, b) fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), c) phage therapy, and d) antifungal strategy, microbial enzyme inhibition, and dietary therapeutics, is analyzed based on gut bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the field of HIV infection. This study aims to provide a useful reference for developing novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection based on commensal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shiyuan Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Aobo Dong
- Third Hospital of Baotou City, Baotou, China
| | - Weiping Fan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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12
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Di Lauro M, Guerriero C, Cornali K, Albanese M, Costacurta M, Mercuri NB, Di Daniele N, Noce A. Linking Migraine to Gut Dysbiosis and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4327. [PMID: 37892403 PMCID: PMC10609600 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the world, migraine is one of the most common causes of disability in adults. To date, there is no a single cause for this disorder, but rather a set of physio-pathogenic triggers in combination with a genetic predisposition. Among the factors related to migraine onset, a crucial role seems to be played by gut dysbiosis. In fact, it has been demonstrated how the intestine is able to modulate the central nervous system activities, through the gut-brain axis, and how gut dysbiosis can influence neurological pathologies, including migraine attacks. In this context, in addition to conventional pharmacological treatments for migraine, attention has been paid to an adjuvant therapeutic strategy based on different nutritional approaches and lifestyle changes able to positively modulate the gut microbiota composition. In fact, the restoration of the balance between the different gut bacterial species, the reconstruction of the gut barrier integrity, and the control of the release of gut-derived inflammatory neuropeptides, obtained through specific nutritional patterns and lifestyle changes, represent a possible beneficial additive therapy for many migraine subtypes. Herein, this review explores the bi-directional correlation between migraine and the main chronic non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, obesity, cancer, and chronic kidney diseases, whose link is represented by gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Di Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Cristina Guerriero
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Kevin Cornali
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Maria Albanese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
- Neurology Unit, Headache Center, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Micaela Costacurta
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy;
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
- Neurology Unit, Headache Center, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
- Fondazione Leonardo per le Scienze Mediche Onlus, Policlinico Abano, 35031 Abano Terme, PD, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy; (M.D.L.); (C.G.); (K.C.); (M.A.); (N.B.M.); (N.D.D.)
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, RM, Italy
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13
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Moreno-Corona NC, López-Ortega O, Pérez-Martínez CA, Martínez-Castillo M, De Jesús-González LA, León-Reyes G, León-Juárez M. Dynamics of the Microbiota and Its Relationship with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14822. [PMID: 37834270 PMCID: PMC10573029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which can be asymptomatic or present with multiple organ dysfunction. Many infected individuals have chronic alterations associated with neuropsychiatric, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal symptoms, even several months after disease onset, developing long-COVID or post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). Microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the onset and progression of many viral diseases, including COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 manifestations, which could serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This review aimed to discuss the most recent findings on gut microbiota dysbiosis and its relationship with the sequelae of PACS. Elucidating these mechanisms could help develop personalized and non-invasive clinical strategies to identify individuals at a higher risk of experiencing severe disease progression or complications associated with PACS. Moreover, the review highlights the importance of targeting the gut microbiota composition to avoid dysbiosis and to develop possible prophylactic and therapeutic measures against COVID-19 and PACS in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Carolina Moreno-Corona
- Laboratory of Human Lymphohematopoiesis, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Orestes López-Ortega
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institute Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France;
| | | | - Macario Martínez-Castillo
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | | | - Guadalupe León-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City 16610, Mexico;
| | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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14
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Caetano CF, Gaspar C, Oliveira AS, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Rodrigues L, Gonçalves T, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Rolo J. Study of Ecological Relationship of Yeast Species with Candida albicans in the Context of Vulvovaginal Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2398. [PMID: 37894056 PMCID: PMC10608876 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the fungal community, the mycobiota, in the health of the vagina is currently an important area of research. The emergence of new sequencing technologies and advances in bioinformatics made possible the discovery of novel fungi inhabiting this niche. Candida spp. constitutes the most important group of opportunistic pathogenic fungi, being the most prevalent fungal species in vulvovaginal infections. However, fungi such as Rhodotorula spp., Naganishia spp. and Malassezia spp. have emerged as potential pathogens in this niche, and therefore it is clinically relevant to understand their ecological interaction with Candida spp. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of yeasts on Candida albicans' pathogenicity, focusing on in-vitro growth, and biofilm formation at different times of co-culture and germ tube formation. The assays were performed with isolated species or with co-cultures of C. albicans (ATCC10231) with one other yeast species: Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (DSM13621), Malassezia furfur (DSM6170) or Naganishia albida (DSM70215). The results showed that M. furfur creates a symbiotic relationship with C. albicans, enhancing the growth rate of the co-culture (149.69%), and of germ tube formation of C. albicans (119.8%) and inducing a higher amount of biofilm biomass of the co-culture, both when mixed (154.1%) and preformed (166.8%). As for the yeasts R. mucilaginosa and N. albida, the relationship is antagonistic (with a significant decrease in all assays), thus possibly repressing the mixture's pathogenicity. These results shed light on the complex interactions between yeasts in the vaginal mycobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Filipa Caetano
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carlos Gaspar
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit-HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Oliveira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit-HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lisa Rodrigues
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC—Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit-HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Joana Rolo
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.F.C.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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15
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Fakharian F, Thirugnanam S, Welsh DA, Kim WK, Rappaport J, Bittinger K, Rout N. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1849. [PMID: 37513022 PMCID: PMC10384393 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function. However, dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbiome composition, can have profound effects on various aspects of human health, including susceptibility to viral infections. Despite numerous studies investigating the influence of viral infections on gut microbiome, the impact of gut dysbiosis on viral infection and pathogenesis remains relatively understudied. The clinical variability observed in SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza infections, and the presence of natural HIV suppressors, suggests that host-intrinsic factors, including the gut microbiome, may contribute to viral pathogenesis. The gut microbiome has been shown to influence the host immune system by regulating intestinal homeostasis through interactions with immune cells. This review aims to enhance our understanding of how viral infections perturb the gut microbiome and mucosal immune cells, affecting host susceptibility and response to viral infections. Specifically, we focus on exploring the interactions between gamma delta (γδ) T cells and gut microbes in the context of inflammatory viral pathogenesis and examine studies highlighting the role of the gut microbiome in viral disease outcomes. Furthermore, we discuss emerging evidence and potential future directions for microbiome modulation therapy in the context of viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fakharian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Siva Thirugnanam
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David A. Welsh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70806, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Namita Rout
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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16
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Svobodová K, Maitre A, Obregón D, Wu-Chuang A, Thaduri S, Locke B, de Miranda JR, Mateos-Hernández L, Krejčí AB, Cabezas-Cruz A. Gut microbiota assembly of Gotland varroa-surviving honey bees excludes major viral pathogens. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127418. [PMID: 37315341 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The spread of the parasite Varroa destructor and associated viruses has resulted in massive honey bee colony losses with considerable economic and ecological impact. The gut microbiota has a major role in shaping honey bees tolerance and resistance to parasite infestation and viral infection, but the contribution of viruses to the assembly of the host microbiota in the context of varroa resistance and susceptibility remains unclear. Here, we used a network approach including viral and bacterial nodes to characterize the impact of five viruses, Apis Rhabdovirus-1 (ARV-1), Black Queen Cell virus (BQCV), Lake Sinai virus (LSV), Sacbrood virus (SBV) and Deformed wing virus (DWV) on the gut microbiota assembly of varroa-susceptible and Gotland varroa-surviving honey bees. We found that microbiota assembly was different in varroa-surviving and varroa-susceptible honey bees with the network of the latter having a whole module not present in the network of the former. Four viruses, ARV-1, BQCV, LSV, and SBV, were tightly associated with bacterial nodes of the core microbiota of varroa-susceptible honey bees, while only two viruses BQCV and LSV, appeared correlated with bacterial nodes in varroa-surviving honey bees. In silico removal of viral nodes caused major re-arrangement of microbial networks with changes in nodes centrality and significant reduction of the networks' robustness in varroa-susceptible, but not in varroa-surviving honey bees. Comparison of predicted functional pathways in bacterial communities using PICRUSt2 showed the superpathway for heme b biosynthesis from uroporphyrinogen-III and a pathway for arginine, proline, and ornithine interconversion as significantly increased in varroa-surviving honey bees. Notably, heme and its reduction products biliverdin and bilirubin have been reported as antiviral agents. These findings show that viral pathogens are differentially nested in the bacterial communities of varroa-surviving and varroa-susceptible honey bees. These results suggest that Gotland honey bees are associated with minimally-assembled and reduced bacterial communities that exclude viral pathogens and are resilient to viral nodes removal, which, together with the production of antiviral compounds, may explain the resiliency of Gotland honey bees to viral infections. In contrast, the intertwined virus-bacterium interactions in varroa-susceptible networks suggest that the complex assembly of microbial communities in this honey bee strain favor viral infections, which may explain viral persistence in this honey bee strain. Further understanding of protective mechanisms mediated by the microbiota could help developing novel ways to control devastating viral infections affecting honey bees worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Svobodová
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Apolline Maitre
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France; INRAE, UR 0045 Laboratoire de Recherches Sur Le Développement de L'Elevage (SELMET-LRDE), 20250 Corte, France; EA 7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse, Corte, France
| | - Dasiel Obregón
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Alejandra Wu-Chuang
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - Srinivas Thaduri
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barbara Locke
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joachim R de Miranda
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France
| | - Alena Bruce Krejčí
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort F-94700, France.
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17
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Wang J, Zhang X, Yang X, Yu H, Bu M, Fu J, Zhang Z, Xu H, Hu J, Lu J, Zhang H, Zhai Z, Yang W, Wu X, Wang Y, Tong Q. Revitalizing myocarditis treatment through gut microbiota modulation: unveiling a promising therapeutic avenue. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1191936. [PMID: 37260696 PMCID: PMC10229058 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1191936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota plays an important role in the development and treatment of different cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, evidence from recent studies has shown that gut microbiota contributes to the development of myocarditis. Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease that often results in myocardial damage. Myocarditis is a common cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults. The incidence of myocarditis and its associated dilated cardiomyopathy has been increasing yearly. Myocarditis has gained significant attention on social media due to its association with both COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccinations. However, the current therapeutic options for myocarditis are limited. In addition, little is known about the potential therapeutic targets of myocarditis. In this study, we review (1) the evidence on the gut-heart axis, (2) the crosslink between gut microbiota and the immune system, (3) the association between myocarditis and the immune system, (4) the impact of gut microbiota and its metabolites on myocarditis, (5) current strategies for modulating gut microbiota, (6) challenges and future directions for targeted gut microbiota in the treatment of myocarditis. The approach of targeting the gut microbiota in myocarditis is still in its infancy, and this is the study to explore the gut microbiota-immune system-myocarditis axis. Our findings are expected to pave the way for the use of gut microbiota as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyue Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Massari MC, Bimonte VM, Falcioni L, Moretti A, Baldari C, Iolascon G, Migliaccio S. Nutritional and physical activity issues in frailty syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231152648. [PMID: 36820002 PMCID: PMC9929193 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231152648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
'Frailty' has been described as 'a state of increased vulnerability of the individual caused by an impairment of homeostasis as a result of endogenous or exogenous stress'. Frail individuals are depicted by a dramatic change in health status following an apparently minor insult and a higher risk of adverse health-related outcomes such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia, falls and disability, and fragility fractures. Frailty is a condition of increasing importance due to the global ageing of the population during the last decades. Central to the pathophysiology of frailty is a mechanism that is partially independent of ageing, but most likely evolves with ageing: the cumulative level of molecular and cellular damage in every subject. Furthermore, an uncorrected nutrition and a sedentary behaviour play a pivotal role in worsening the syndrome. In January 2020, a cluster of a genus of the family Coronaviridae was isolated as the pathogen of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Since then, this infection has spread worldwide causing one of the most dramatic pandemics of the modern era, with more than 500 million confirmed cases all over the world. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 severity ranges from asymptomatic conditions to mild symptoms, such as fever, cough, ageusia, anosmia and asthenia, up to most severe conditions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure leading to death. Primary evidence revealed that the elderly frail subjects were more susceptible to the disease in its most intense form and were at greater risk of developing severe COVID-19. Factors contributing to the severity of COVID-19, and the higher mortality rate, are a poor immune system activity and long-standing inflammatory status of the frail subjects compared with the general population. Further recent research also suggested a potential role of sedentary behaviour, metabolic chronic disorders linked to it and uncorrected nutritional status. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate the different studies and evidence related to COVID-19 pandemic, both nutritional status and physical activity, and, also, to provide further information on the correct nutritional approach in this peculiar pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Massari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Endocrinology and Food Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maria Bimonte
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University Foro Italico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Falcioni
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Napoli, Italy
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Mazzarelli A, Giancola ML, Fontana A, Piselli P, Binda E, Trivieri N, Mencarelli G, Marchioni L, Vulcano A, De Giuli C, Panebianco C, Villani A, Copetti M, Perri F, Fontana C, Nicastri E, Pazienza V. Gut microbiota composition in COVID-19 hospitalized patients with mild or severe symptoms. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1049215. [PMID: 36560946 PMCID: PMC9763305 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1049215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aimCOVID-19, the infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus that has been causing a severe pandemic worldwide for more than 2 years, is characterized by a high heterogeneity of clinical presentations and evolution and, particularly, by a varying severity of respiratory involvement. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota at hospital admission, in order to evaluate its association with COVID-19 outcome. In particular, the association between gut microbiota and a combination of several clinical covariates was analyzed in order to characterize the bacterial signature associate to mild or severe symptoms during the SARS-CoV-2 infection.Materials and methodsV3–V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 97 rectal swabs from a retrospective cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients was employed to study the gut microbiota composition. Patients were divided in two groups according to their outcome considering the respiratory supports they needed during hospital stay: (i) group “mild,” including 47 patients with a good prognosis and (ii) group “severe,” including 50 patients who experienced a more severe disease due to severe respiratory distress that required non-invasive or invasive ventilation. Identification of the clusters of bacterial population between patients with mild or severe outcome was assessed by PEnalized LOgistic Regression Analysis (PELORA).ResultsAlthough no changes for Chao1 and Shannon index were observed between the two groups a significant greater proportion of Campylobacterota and Actinobacteriota at phylum level was found in patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed a more severe disease characterized by respiratory distress requiring invasive or non-invasive ventilation. Clusters have been identified with a useful early potential prognostic marker of the disease evolution.DiscussionMicroorganisms residing within the gut of the patients at hospital admission, were able to significantly discriminate the clinical evolution of COVID-19 patients, in particular who will develop mild or severe respiratory involvement. Our data show that patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 with mild or severe symptoms display different gut microbiota profiles which can be exploited as potential prognostic biomarkers paving also the way to new integrative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mazzarelli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Giancola
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Biostatistic Unit, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Pierluca Piselli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Binda
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biologyl, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Nadia Trivieri
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biologyl, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Gandino Mencarelli
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biologyl, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (ISBReMIT), Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Luisa Marchioni
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Vulcano
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara De Giuli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Panebianco
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Annacandida Villani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Copetti
- Biostatistic Unit, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Carla Fontana
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Nicastri
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, INMI “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, IRCCS, Rome, Italy,*Correspondence: Emanuele Nicastri,
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione-IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy,Valerio Pazienza,
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Li H, Miao MX, Jia CL, Cao YB, Yan TH, Jiang YY, Yang F. Interactions between Candida albicans and the resident microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:930495. [PMID: 36204612 PMCID: PMC9531752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.930495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a prevalent, opportunistic human fungal pathogen. It usually dwells in the human body as a commensal, however, once in its pathogenic state, it causes diseases ranging from debilitating superficial to life-threatening systemic infections. The switch from harmless colonizer to virulent pathogen is, in most cases, due to perturbation of the fungus-host-microbiota interplay. In this review, we focused on the interactions between C. albicans and the host microbiota in the mouth, gut, blood, and vagina. We also highlighted important future research directions. We expect that the evaluation of these interplays will help better our understanding of the etiology of fungal infections and shed new light on the therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-xing Miao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-lin Jia
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-bing Cao
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM-Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-hua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Tian-hua Yan,
| | - Yuan-ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Yuan-ying Jiang,
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Feng Yang,
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