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Muangnoicharoen S, Wiangcharoen R, Lawpoolsri S, Nanthapisal S, Jongkaewwattana A, Duangdee C, Kamolratanakul S, Luvira V, Thanthamnu N, Chantratita N, Thitithanyanont A, Anh Wartel T, Excler JL, Ryser MF, Leong C, Mak TK, Pitisuttithum P. Heterologous Ad26.COV2.S booster after primary BBIBP-CorV vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection: 1-year follow-up of a phase 1/2 open-label trial. Vaccine 2024; 42:3999-4010. [PMID: 38744598 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivated whole-virus vaccination elicits immune responses to both SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) proteins, like natural infections. A heterologous Ad26.COV2.S booster given at two different intervals after primary BBIBP-CorV vaccination was safe and immunogenic at days 28 and 84, with higher immune responses observed after the longer pre-boost interval. We describe booster-specific and hybrid immune responses over 1 year. METHODS This open-label phase 1/2 study was conducted in healthy Thai adults aged ≥ 18 years who had completed primary BBIBP-CorV primary vaccination between 90-240 (Arm A1; n = 361) or 45-75 days (Arm A2; n = 104) before enrolment. All received an Ad26.COV2.S booster. We measured anti-S and anti-N IgG antibodies by Elecsys®, neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay, and T-cell responses by quantitative interferon (IFN)-γ release assay. Immune responses were evaluated in the baseline-seronegative population (pre-booster anti-N < 1.4 U/mL; n = 241) that included the booster-effect subgroup (anti-N < 1.4 U/mL at each visit) and the hybrid-immunity subgroup (anti-N ≥ 1.4 U/mL and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection, irrespective of receiving non-study COVID-19 boosters). RESULTS In Arm A1 of the booster-effect subgroup, anti-S GMCs were 131-fold higher than baseline at day 336; neutralizing responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 were 5-fold higher than baseline at day 168; 4-fold against Omicron BA.2 at day 84. IFN-γ remained approximately 4-fold higher than baseline at days 168 and 336 in 18-59-year-olds. Booster-specific responses trended lower in Arm A2. In the hybrid-immunity subgroup at day 336, anti-S GMCs in A1 were 517-fold higher than baseline; neutralizing responses against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.2 were 28- and 31-fold higher, respectively, and IFN-γ was approximately 14-fold higher in 18-59-year-olds at day 336. Durable immune responses trended lower in ≥ 60-year-olds. CONCLUSION A heterologous Ad26.COV2.S booster after primary BBIBP-CorV vaccination induced booster-specific immune responses detectable up to 1 year that were higher in participants with hybrid immunity. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT05109559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sant Muangnoicharoen
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Saranath Lawpoolsri
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics (BIOPHICS), Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sira Nanthapisal
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anan Jongkaewwattana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Chatnapa Duangdee
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Viravarn Luvira
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumon Thanthamnu
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - T Anh Wartel
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chloe Leong
- Janssen Asia Pacific Medical Affairs Operations, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tippi K Mak
- Centre of Regulatory Excellence, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Swadźba J, Panek A, Wąsowicz P, Anyszek T, Martin E. High Concentration of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies 2 Years after COVID-19 Vaccination Stems Not Only from Boosters but Also from Widespread, Often Unrecognized, Contact with the Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:471. [PMID: 38793722 PMCID: PMC11125768 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study follows 99 subjects vaccinated with Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines over two years, with particular focus on the last year of observation (between days 360 and 720). The response to the vaccination was assessed with Diasorin's SARS-CoV-2 TrimericSpike IgG. Screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection was performed with Abbott's SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgG immunoassay. Data from questionnaires were also analyzed. Two years after the first vaccine dose administration, 100% of the subjects were positive for anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG and the median antibody level was still high (3600 BAU/mL), dropping insignificantly over the last year. Simultaneously, a substantial increase in seropositivity in anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 IgG was noted, reaching 33%. There was no statistically significant agreement between anti-N seropositivity and reported COVID-19. Higher anti-spike concentrations and lower COVID-19 incidence was seen in the older vaccinees. It was noted that only subjects boosted between days 360 and 720 showed an increase in anti-spike IgG concentrations. The higher antibody concentrations (median 7440 BAU/mL) on day 360 were noted in participants not infected over the following year. Vaccination, including booster administrations, and natural, even unrecognized, contact with SARS-CoV-2 entwined two years after the primary vaccination, leading to high anti-spike antibody concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Swadźba
- Medical Faculty, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland; (J.S.); (T.A.)
- Medical Department Diagnostyka S.A., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Andrzej Panek
- Medical Department Diagnostyka S.A., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Paweł Wąsowicz
- Medical Department Diagnostyka S.A., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Tomasz Anyszek
- Medical Faculty, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland; (J.S.); (T.A.)
- Medical Department Diagnostyka S.A., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (P.W.)
| | - Emilia Martin
- Medical Department Diagnostyka S.A., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (P.W.)
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Castelletti N, Paunovic I, Rubio-Acero R, Beyerl J, Plank M, Reinkemeyer C, Kroidl I, Noreña I, Winter S, Olbrich L, Janke C, Hoelscher M, Wieser A. A Dried Blood Spot protocol for high-throughput quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RBD serology based on the Roche Elecsys system. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0288523. [PMID: 38426747 PMCID: PMC10986497 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02885-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spreads pandemically since 2020; in 2021, effective vaccinations became available and vaccination campaigns commenced. Still, it is hard to track the spread of the infection or to assess vaccination success in the broader population. Measuring specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is the most effective tool to track the spread of the infection or successful vaccinations. The need for venous-blood sampling however poses a significant barrier for large studies. Dried-blood-spots on filter-cards (DBS) have been used for SARS-CoV-2 serology in our laboratory, but so far not to follow quantitative SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike reactivity in a longitudinal cohort. We developed a semi-automated protocol or quantitative SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike serology from self-sampled DBS, validating it in a cohort of matched DBS and venous-blood samples (n = 825). We investigated chromatographic effects, reproducibility, and carry-over effects and calculated a positivity threshold as well as a conversion formula to determine the quantitative binding units in the DBS with confidence intervals. Sensitivity and specificity reached 96.63% and 97.81%, respectively, compared to the same test performed in paired venous samples. Between a signal of 0.018 and 250 U/mL, we calculated a correction formula. Measuring longitudinal samples during vaccinations, we demonstrated relative changes in titers over time in several individuals and in a longitudinal cohort over four follow-ups. DBS sampling has proven itself for anti-nucleocapsid serosurveys in our laboratory. Similarly, anti-spike high-throughput DBS serology is feasible as a complementary assay. Quantitative measurements are accurate enough to follow titer dynamics in populations also after vaccination campaigns. This work was supported by the Bavarian State Ministry of Science and the Arts; LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich; Helmholtz Center Munich; University of Bonn; University of Bielefeld; German Ministry for Education and Research (proj. nr.: 01KI20271 and others) and the Medical Biodefense Research Program of the Bundeswehr Medical Service. Roche Diagnostics provided kits and machines for analyses at discounted rates. The project is funded also by the European-wide Consortium ORCHESTRA. The ORCHESTRA project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101016167. The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author, and the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.IMPORTANCESARS-CoV-2 has been spreading globally as a pandemic since 2020. To determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among populations, the most effective public health tool is measuring specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies induced by infection or vaccination. However, conducting large-scale studies that involve venous-blood sampling is challenging due to the associated feasibility and cost issues. A more cost-efficient and less invasive method for SARS-CoV-2 serological testing is using Dried-Blood-Spots on filter cards (DBS). In this paper, we have developed a semi-automated protocol for quantifying SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies from self-collected DBS. Our laboratory has previously successfully used DBS sampling for anti-nucleocapsid antibody surveys. Likewise, conducting high-throughput DBS serology for anti-spike antibodies is feasible as an additional test that can be performed using the same sample preparation as the anti-nucleocapsid analysis. The quantitative measurements obtained are accurate enough to track the dynamics of antibody levels in populations, even after vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivana Paunovic
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jessica Beyerl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Plank
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christina Reinkemeyer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Noreña
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Winter
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Olbrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Janke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - on behalf of the KoCo19/ORCHESTRA Working group
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Munich, Germany
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for International Health (CIH), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Alleva DG, Feitsma EA, Janssen YF, Boersma HH, Lancaster TM, Sathiyaseelan T, Murikipudi S, Delpero AR, Scully MM, Ragupathy R, Kotha S, Haworth JR, Shah NJ, Rao V, Nagre S, Ronca SE, Green FM, Shaw SA, Aminetzah A, Kruijff S, Brom M, van Dam GM, Zion TC. Immunogenicity phase II study evaluating booster capacity of nonadjuvanted AKS-452 SARS-Cov-2 RBD Fc vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:40. [PMID: 38383578 PMCID: PMC10881471 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AKS-452, a subunit vaccine comprising an Fc fusion of the ancestral wild-type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein receptor binding domain (SP/RBD), was evaluated without adjuvant in a single cohort, non-randomized, open-labelled phase II study (NCT05124483) at a single site in The Netherlands for safety and immunogenicity. A single 90 µg subcutaneous booster dose of AKS-452 was administered to 71 adults previously primed with a registered mRNA- or adenovirus-based vaccine and evaluated for 273 days. All AEs were mild and no SAEs were attributable to AKS-452. While all subjects showed pre-existing SP/RBD binding and ACE2-inhibitory IgG titers, 60-68% responded to AKS-452 via ≥2-fold increase from days 28 to 90 and progressively decreased back to baseline by day 180 (days 28 and 90 mean fold-increases, 14.7 ± 6.3 and 8.0 ± 2.2). Similar response kinetics against RBD mutant proteins (including omicrons) were observed but with slightly reduced titers relative to WT. There was an expected strong inverse correlation between day-0 titers and the fold-increase in titers at day 28. AKS-452 enhanced neutralization potency against live virus, consistent with IgG titers. Nucleocapsid protein (Np) titers suggested infection occurred in 66% (46 of 70) of subjects, in which only 20 reported mild symptomatic COVID-19. These favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles support booster evaluation in a planned phase III universal booster study of this room-temperature stable vaccine that can be rapidly and inexpensively manufactured to serve vaccination at a global scale without the need of a complex distribution or cold chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Alleva
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Eline A Feitsma
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yester F Janssen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus H Boersma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M Lancaster
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | | | - Sylaja Murikipudi
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Andrea R Delpero
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Melanie M Scully
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Ramya Ragupathy
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Sravya Kotha
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Haworth
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Nishit J Shah
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Vidhya Rao
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Shashikant Nagre
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA
| | - Shannon E Ronca
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor, College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Ave, 300.15, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Freedom M Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor, College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Ave, 300.15, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen A Shaw
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor, College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Ave, 300.15, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ari Aminetzah
- TRACER BV, Aarhusweg 2-1/2-2, 9723 JJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Schelto Kruijff
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Brom
- TRACER BV, Aarhusweg 2-1/2-2, 9723 JJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, UMCG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- TRACER BV, Aarhusweg 2-1/2-2, 9723 JJ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Todd C Zion
- Akston Biosciences Corporation, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 454C, Beverly, MA, 01915, USA.
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Zhang YV, Kumanovics A, Wiencek J, Melanson SEF, Love T, Wu AHB, Zhao Z, Meng QH, Koch DD, Apple FS, Ondracek CR, Christenson RH. Performance of Three Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Anti-S and One Anti-N Immunoassays for the Monitoring of Immune Status and Vaccine Response. Viruses 2024; 16:292. [PMID: 38400067 PMCID: PMC10891747 DOI: 10.3390/v16020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of three anti-S and one anti-N assays that were available to the project in detecting antibody levels after three commonly used SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (Pfizer, Moderna, and Johnson & Johnson). It also aimed to assess the association of age, sex, race, ethnicity, vaccine timing, and vaccine side effects on antibody levels in a cohort of 827 individuals. In September 2021, 698 vaccinated individuals donated blood samples as part of the Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine (ADLM) COVID-19 Immunity Study. These individuals also participated in a comprehensive survey covering demographic information, vaccination status, and associated side effects. Additionally, 305 age- and gender-matched samples were obtained from the ADLM 2015 sample bank as pre-COVID-19-negative samples. All these samples underwent antibody level analysis using three anti-S assays, namely Beckman Access SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Beckman assay), Ortho Clinical Diagnostics VITROS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Ortho assay), Siemens ADVIA Centaur SARS-CoV-2 IgG (Siemens assay), and one anti-N antibody assay: Bio-Rad Platelia SARS-CoV-2 Total Ab assay (BioRad assay). A total of 827 samples (580 COVID-19 samples and 247 pre-COVID-19 samples) received results for all four assays and underwent further analysis. Beckman, Ortho, and Siemens anti-S assays showed an overall sensitivity of 99.5%, 97.6%, and 96.9%, and specificity of 90%, 100%, and 99.6%, respectively. All three assays indicated 100% sensitivity for individuals who received the Moderna vaccine and boosters, and over 99% sensitivity for the Pfizer vaccine. Sensitivities varied from 70.4% (Siemens), 81.5% (Ortho), and 96.3% (Beckman) for individuals who received the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. BioRad anti-N assays demonstrated 46.2% sensitivity and 99.25% specificity based on results from individuals with self-reported infection. The highest median anti-S antibody levels were measured in individuals who received the Moderna vaccine, followed by Pfizer and then Johnson & Johnson vaccines. Higher anti-S antibody levels were significantly associated with younger age and closer proximity to the last vaccine dose but were not associated with gender, race, or ethnicity. Participants with higher anti-S levels experienced significantly more side effects as well as more severe side effects (e.g., muscle pain, chills, fever, and moderate limitations) (p < 0.05). Anti-N antibody levels only indicated a significant correlation with headache. This study indicated performance variations among different anti-S assays, both among themselves and when analyzing individuals with different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Caution should be exercised when conducting large-scale studies to ensure that the same platform and/or assays are used for the most effective interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Victoria Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Attila Kumanovics
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Joesph Wiencek
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37240, USA;
| | - Stacy E. F. Melanson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tanzy Love
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Alan H. B. Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Qing H. Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - David D. Koch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
| | - Fred S. Apple
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hennepin Healthcare/Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA;
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55404, USA
| | - Caitlin R. Ondracek
- Association for Diagnostics & Laboratory Medicine, Washington, DC 22203, USA;
| | - Robert H. Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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6
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Kreitman RJ, Yu T, James L, Feurtado J, Eager H, Ortiz OS, Gould M, Mauter J, Zhou H, Burbelo PD, Cohen JI, Wang HW, Yuan CM, Arons E. COVID-19 in patients with classic and variant hairy cell leukemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:7161-7168. [PMID: 37729613 PMCID: PMC10698257 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), similar to its variant HCLv, is a B-cell malignancy associated with decreased humoral immunity. We prospectively monitored the largest cohort of patients with HCL/HCLv to date (n = 503) for COVID-19 by symptoms, antibody, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or antigen positivity. Fifty percent (253 of 503) of the patients with HCL/HCLv (238 HCL and 15 HCLv) had evidence of COVID-19, with 210 (83%) testing positive by PCR or rapid-antigen test. Of the 43 patients without positive tests, all had nucleocapsid antibodies indicating COVID-19 exposure, 7 recalled no symptoms, and 36 had mild symptoms. Of the 210 who tested positive, 23, 46, 129, and 12 cases occurred in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively. Among them, 175 began treatment for HCL/HCLv 0.4 to 429 (median, 66) months before, and 132 had their last dose of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody 0.2 to 229 (median, 63) months before. Two patients died, including a young woman who began rituximab 2 months after first-line cladribine before vaccine availability. Nearly all patients with HCL/HCLv recovered uneventfully from COVID-19 including those without vaccination or those with significant immunosuppression and recent treatment. However, decreased normal B cells from HCL or treatment was associated with lower spike antibody levels as a response to COVID-19 (P = .0094) and longer recovery time (P = .0036). Thus, in a large cohort of patients with HCL/HCLv and in the first to determine relationships between COVID-19 outcome and immune markers, mortality was relatively low (∼1%), sequelae were uncommon, and recovery from COVID-19 was longer if normal B cells were low after recent treatment. The trials are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01087333 and #NCT04362865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Kreitman
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Theresa Yu
- Office of Research Nursing, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lacey James
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julie Feurtado
- Office of Research Nursing, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Holly Eager
- Office of Research Nursing, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Olena Sierra Ortiz
- Office of Research Nursing, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Mory Gould
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jack Mauter
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hong Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Peter D. Burbelo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jeffrey I. Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hao-Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Constance M. Yuan
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Evgeny Arons
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Maor Y, Shinar E, Izak M, Rahav G, Brosh-Nissimov T, Kessler A, Rahimi-Levene N, Benin-Goren O, Cohen D, Zohar I, Alagem N, Castro S, Zimhony O. A Randomized Controlled Study Assessing Convalescent Immunoglobulins vs Convalescent Plasma for Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus 2019. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:964-971. [PMID: 37220751 PMCID: PMC10552585 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether convalescent immunoglobulins (cIgGs) are better than convalescent plasma (CP) for patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, we assigned high risk COVID-19 patients with ≤10 days of symptoms, to receive cIgGs or CP. The primary endpoint was improvement on day 14 according to the World Health Organization scale. Secondary endpoints were survival on day 14, and improvement, survival, and percent of ventilated patients on day 28, and treatment response in unvaccinated and vaccinated patients. RESULTS A total of 319 patients were included: 166 received cIgGs and 153 CP. Median age was 64 to 66 years. A total of 112 patients (67.5%) in the cIgG group and 103 patients (67.3%) in the CP group reached the primary endpoint. Difference between groups was 0.1 (95% confidence interval, -10.1 to 10.4; P = .026), failing to reach noninferiority. More patients receiving cIgG improved by day 28 (136 patients [81.9%] and 108 patients [70.6%], respectively; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-20.7; P < .001; for superiority P = .018). Seventeen patients in the cIgG group (10.2%) and 25 patients (16.3%) in the CP group required mechanical ventilation (P = .136). Sixteen (9.6%) and 23 (15%) patients, respectively, died (P = .172). More unvaccinated patients improved by day 28 in the cIgG group (84.1% vs 66.1%; P = .024), and survival was better in the cIgG group (89.9% vs 77.4%; P = .066). CONCLUSIONS cIgGs failed to reach the primary noninferiority endpoint on day 14 but was superior to CP on day 28. Survival and improvement by day 28 in unvaccinated patients treated with cIgGs were better. In the face of new variants, cIgGs are a viable option for treating COVID-19. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER My Trials MOH_2021-01-14_009667.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Maor
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilat Shinar
- Magen David Adom, National Blood Services, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marina Izak
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Magen David Adom, National Blood Services, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tal Brosh-Nissimov
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Asa Kessler
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | - Dani Cohen
- School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Zohar
- Infectious Disease Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - Oren Zimhony
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
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Carroll TD, Wong T, Morris MK, Di Germanio C, Ma ZM, Stone M, Ball E, Fritts L, Rustagi A, Simmons G, Busch M, Miller CJ. Administration of vaccine-boosted COVID-19 convalescent plasma to SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters decreases virus replication in lungs and hastens resolution of the infection despite transiently enhancing disease and lung pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.22.553458. [PMID: 37662344 PMCID: PMC10473650 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.22.553458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The utility of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) for treatment of immunocompromised patients who are not able to mount a protective antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 and who have contraindications or adverse effects from currently available antivirals remains unclear. To better understand the mechanism of protection in CCP, we studied viral replication and disease progression in SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters treated with CCP plasma obtained from recovered COVID patients that had also been vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine, hereafter referred to as Vaxplas. We found that Vaxplas dramatically reduced virus replication in the lungs and improved infection outcome in SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters. However, we also found that Vaxplas transiently enhanced disease severity and lung pathology in treated animals likely due to the deposition of immune complexes, activation of complement and recruitment of increased numbers of macrophages with an M1 proinflammatory phenotype into the lung parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Carroll
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Talia Wong
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mary Kate Morris
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | | | - Zhong-min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mars Stone
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin Ball
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Linda Fritts
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Arjun Rustagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher J. Miller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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9
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Al-Shudifat AE, Al-Tamimi M, Dawoud R, Alkhateeb M, Mryyian A, Alahmad A, Abbas MM, Qaqish A. Anti-S and Anti-N Antibody Responses of COVID-19 Vaccine Recipients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1398. [PMID: 37766076 PMCID: PMC10537031 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term immunoglobulin responses of COVID-19 vaccinations is important to determine the efficacy of these vaccinations. This study aimed to investigate and compare the long-term immunoglobulin response of COVID-19 vaccination recipients, using anti-S IgG, anti-N IgG, and IgM titer levels. This study included 267 participants, comprising individuals who tested positive for COVID-19 through PCR testing (n = 125), and those who received the Pfizer (n = 133), Sinopharm (n = 112), AstraZeneca (n = 20), or Sputnik (n = 2) vaccines. Female participants comprised the largest share of this study (n = 147, 55.1%). This study found that most participants had positive IgG antibodies, with 96.3% having anti-S IgG and 75.7% having anti-N IgG. Most participants (90.3%) tested negative for anti-N IgM antibodies. Sinopharm-vaccinated individuals exhibited a notably lower rate of positive anti-S IgG (93.8%) and a significantly higher rate of positive anti-N IgG antibodies (91%). Anti-N IgG levels were significantly correlated with the number of prior COVID-19 infections (p = 0.015). Specifically, individuals with a history of four COVID-19 infections had higher anti-N IgG titers (14.1 ± 1.4) than those with only one experience of COVID-19 infection (9.4 ± 7.2). Individuals who were infected with COVID-19 after receiving the vaccine demonstrated higher levels of anti-N IgG, exhibiting a 25% increase in mean titer levels compared to those who were infected prior to vaccination. There was a statistically significant association between anti-N IgG positivity with age (p = 0.034), and smoking status (p = 0.006) of participants. Participants younger than 20 and older than 60 showed the highest positivity rate of anti-N (>90%). Smokers had a low positivity rate of anti-N (68.8%) compared to nonsmokers (83.6%). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that most COVID-19 vaccination recipients had positive IgG antibodies, with differences in the long-term immunoglobulin response depending on the type of vaccine administered and occurrence of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Ellah Al-Shudifat
- Department of Internal and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Mohammad Al-Tamimi
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;
| | - Rand Dawoud
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (R.D.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohammad Alkhateeb
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (R.D.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Amel Mryyian
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (R.D.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Anas Alahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (R.D.); (M.A.); (A.M.); (A.A.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
| | - Manal M Abbas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan;
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Lab, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Arwa Qaqish
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Applied Genomics, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan
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10
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Han J, Baek HJ, Noh E, Yoon K, Kim JA, Ryu S, Lee KO, Park NY, Jung E, Kim S, Lee H, Hwang YS, Jung J, Lee HJ, Cho SI, Oh S, Kim M, Oh CM, Yu B, Hong YS, Kim K, Jung S, Han MA, Lee MS, Lee JJ, Hwangbo Y, Yim HW, Kim YM, Lee J, Lee WY, Park JH, Oh S, Jo HS, Kim H, Kang G, Nam HS, Lee JH, Oh GJ, Shin MH, Ryu S, Hwang TY, Park SW, Kim SK, Seol R, Park KS, Kim SY, Kwon JW, Kim SS, Kim B, Lee JW, Jang EY, Kim AR, Nam J, Lee SY, Kim DH. Korea Seroprevalence Study of Monitoring of SARS-COV-2 Antibody Retention and Transmission (K-SEROSMART): findings from national representative sample. Epidemiol Health 2023; 45:e2023075. [PMID: 37591786 PMCID: PMC10728614 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2023075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We estimated the population prevalence of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including unreported infections, through a Korea Seroprevalence Study of Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Retention and Transmission (K-SEROSMART) in 258 communities throughout Korea. METHODS In August 2022, a survey was conducted among 10,000 household members aged 5 years and older, in households selected through two stage probability random sampling. During face-to-face household interviews, participants self-reported their health status, COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccination history, and general characteristics. Subsequently, participants visited a community health center or medical clinic for blood sampling. Blood samples were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to spike proteins (anti-S) and antibodies to nucleocapsid proteins (anti-N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. To estimate the population prevalence, the PROC SURVEYMEANS statistical procedure was employed, with weighting to reflect demographic data from July 2022. RESULTS In total, 9,945 individuals from 5,041 households were surveyed across 258 communities, representing all basic local governments in Korea. The overall population-adjusted prevalence rates of anti-S and anti-N were 97.6% and 57.1%, respectively. Since the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency has reported a cumulative incidence of confirmed cases of 37.8% through July 31, 2022, the proportion of unreported infections among all COVID-19 infection was suggested to be 33.9%. CONCLUSIONS The K-SEROSMART represents the first nationwide, community-based seroepidemiologic survey of COVID-19, confirming that most individuals possess antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and that a significant number of unreported cases existed. Furthermore, this study lays the foundation for a surveillance system to continuously monitor transmission at the community level and the response to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Baek
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eunbi Noh
- National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyuhyun Yoon
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ae Kim
- Department of Nursing, Kyungmin University, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Sukhyun Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - No Yai Park
- Graduate School of Public Health, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunok Jung
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangil Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyukmin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jaehun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hun Jae Lee
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung-il Cho
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Chang-Mo Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byengchul Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Seoub Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Keonyeop Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunjae Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Ah Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Moo-Sik Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jung-Jeung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Hwangbo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Yim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- School of Public Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joongyub Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Weon-Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungsoo Oh
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Heui Sug Jo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyeongsu Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gilwon Kang
- Department of Health Information and Management, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hae-Sung Nam
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju-Hyung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Gyung-Jae Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Soyeon Ryu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae-Yoon Hwang
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Soon-Woo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Roma Seol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki-Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jun-wook Kwon
- National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Byoungguk Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Korea
| | - June-Woo Lee
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ah-Ra Kim
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Nam
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Korea
| | - The Korea Community Health Survey Group
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Nursing, Kyungmin University, Uijeongbu, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Gallup Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Public Health, Inje University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Public Health Science, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- MAPO-gu Public Health Center, Seoul, Korea
- GUNPO-si Public Health Center, Gunpo, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- School of Public Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Health Information and Management, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Gyeongsan, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
- National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
- Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Korea
- Division of Vaccine Clinical Research, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Soon Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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Ahn JY, Ko JH, Peck KR, Bae S, Kim SH, Lee KH, Song YG, Kim YC, Park YS, Song KH, Kim ES, Jeong HW, Kim SW, Kwon KT, Choi WS, Choi JY. Immune Response Kinetics Following a Third Heterologous BNT162b2 Booster Dose After Primary 2-Dose ChAdOx1 Vaccination in Relation to Omicron Breakthrough Infection: A Prospective Nationwide Cohort Study in South Korea. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad363. [PMID: 37520424 PMCID: PMC10372859 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune responses to each vaccine must be investigated to establish effective vaccination strategies for the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We investigated the long-term kinetics of immune responses after heterologous booster vaccination in relation to Omicron breakthrough infection (BI). Methods Our study included 373 healthcare workers who received primary ChAdOx1 vaccine doses and a third BNT162b2 vaccine dose. BIs that occurred after the third vaccine were investigated. Blood specimens were collected before and 3 months after the booster dose from participants without BI and 1, 4, and 6 months after BI from participants who experienced BI. Spike-specific binding and neutralizing antibody levels against the wild-type virus, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.5, as well as cellular responses, were analyzed. Results A total of 346 participants (82 in the no BI group; 192 in the BI group during the BA.1/BA.2 period; 72 in the BI group during the BA.5 period) were included in the analysis. Participants without BI exhibited the highest binding and neutralizing antibody concentrations and greatest cellular response 1 month after the third vaccination, which reached a nadir by the ninth month. Antibody and cellular responses in participants who experienced BI substantially increased postinfection. Neutralizing antibody titers in individuals who experienced BI during the BA.1/BA.2 period showed more robust increase against wild-type virus than against BA.1 and BA.5. Conclusions Our findings provide evidence of antigenic imprinting in participants who received a heterologous booster vaccination, thereby serving as a foundation for further studies on the impact of BIs on immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongman Bae
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Han Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hwa Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Goo Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Chan Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Yoon Soo Park
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eu Suk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Shin-Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ki Tae Kwon
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Chilgok Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Won Suk Choi
- Correspondence: Jun Yong Choi, MD, PhD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea (); Won Suk Choi, MD, PhD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan 15355, South Korea ()
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Correspondence: Jun Yong Choi, MD, PhD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea (); Won Suk Choi, MD, PhD, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan 15355, South Korea ()
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12
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Blickstein D, Izak M, Filipovich-Rimon T, Garach-Jehoshua O, Rahimi-Levene N, Shinar E, Hamad RA, Bar-Chaim A, Koren-Michowitz M. Antiphospholipid antibodies in convalescent plasma of donors recovered from mild COVID-19 infection. Vox Sang 2023. [PMID: 37191363 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Passive immunization by the infusion of convalescent plasma (CP) obtained from patients who have recently recovered from COVID-19, thus having antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is a potential strategy to reduce the severity of illness. A high prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) in patients with COVID-19 has been reported during the pandemic, raising a concern whether the use of CP could increase the risk of thrombosis in transfused patients. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of APLA in COVID-19 CP (CCP) in order to assess the potential prothrombotic influence of transfused CCP to COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied the prevalence of APLA in 122 CCP samples collected from healthy donors who recovered from mild-COVID-19 at two time periods: September 2020-January 2021 (defined as 'early period' samples) and April-May 2021 (defined as 'late period' samples). Thirty-four healthy subjects unexposed to COVID-19 were used as controls. RESULTS APLA were present in 7 of 122 (6%) CCP samples. One donor had anti-β2-glycoprotein 1(anti-β2GP1) IgG, one had anti-β2GP1 IgM and five had lupus anticoagulant (LAC) using silica clotting time (SCT), all in 'late period' donors. In the control group, one subject had anti-β2GP1 IgG, two had LAC using dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT) and four had LAC SCT (both LAC SCT and LAC dRVVT in one subject). CONCLUSION The low prevalence of APLA in CCP donors reassures the safety of CCP administration to patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Blickstein
- Department of Hematology, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Marina Izak
- Magen David Adom National Blood Services, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Eilat Shinar
- Magen David Adom National Blood Services, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ramzia Abu Hamad
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Adina Bar-Chaim
- Clinical Laboratories, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
| | - Maya Koren-Michowitz
- Department of Hematology, Shamir Medical Center, Be'er Ya'akov, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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13
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Pacheco-García U, Serafín-López J. Indirect Dispersion of SARS-CoV-2 Live-Attenuated Vaccine and Its Contribution to Herd Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:655. [PMID: 36992239 PMCID: PMC10055900 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been 34 months since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, which causes the COVID-19 disease. In several countries, immunization has reached a proportion near what is required to reach herd immunity. Nevertheless, infections and re-infections have been observed even in vaccinated persons. That is because protection conferred by vaccines is not entirely effective against new virus variants. It is unknown how often booster vaccines will be necessary to maintain a good level of protective immunity. Furthermore, many individuals refuse vaccination, and in developing countries, a large proportion of the population has not yet been vaccinated. Some live-attenuated vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed. Here, we analyze the indirect dispersion of a live-attenuated virus from vaccinated individuals to their contacts and the contribution that this phenomenon could have to reaching Herd Immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursino Pacheco-García
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Jeanet Serafín-López
- Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico
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14
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Itamochi M, Yazawa S, Inasaki N, Saga Y, Yamazaki E, Shimada T, Tamura K, Maenishi E, Isobe J, Nakamura M, Takaoka M, Sasajima H, Kawashiri C, Tani H, Oishi K. Neutralization of Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.5 by a booster dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in a Japanese nursing home cohort. Vaccine 2023; 41:2234-2242. [PMID: 36858871 PMCID: PMC9968608 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The sustained epidemic of Omicron subvariants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a worldwide concern, and older adults are at high risk. We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273) in nursing home residents and staff between May 2021 and December 2022. A total of 335 SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals, including 141 residents (median age: 88 years) and 194 staff (median age: 44 years) participated. Receptor-binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N) protein IgG and neutralizing titer (NT) against the Wuhan strain, Alpha and Delta variants, and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 subvariants were measured in serum samples drawn from participants after the second and third doses of mRNA vaccine using SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped virus. Breakthrough infection (BTI) was confirmed by a notification of COVID-19 or a positive anti-N IgG result in serum after mRNA vaccination. Fifty-one participants experienced SARS-CoV-2 BTI during the study period. The RBD IgG and NTs against Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 were markedly increased in SARS CoV-2 naïve participants 2 months after the third dose of mRNA vaccine, compared to those 5 months after the second dose, and declined 5 months after the third dose. The decline in RBD IgG and NT against Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 in SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants after the second and the third dose was particularly marked in those aged ≥ 80 years. BTIs during the BA.5 epidemic period, which occurred between 2 and 5 months after the third dose, induced a robust NT against BA.5 even five months after the booster dose vaccination. Further studies are required to assess the sustainability of NTs elicited by Omicron-containing bivalent mRNA booster vaccine in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yazawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Emiko Yamazaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shimada
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tamura
- Department of Research Planning, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Emi Maenishi
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Junko Isobe
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Misuzu Takaoka
- Department of Research Planning, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sasajima
- Department of Research Planning, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Chikako Kawashiri
- Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363, Japan.
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15
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Alfouzan W, Altawalah H, AlSarraf A, Alali W, Al-Fadalah T, Al-Ghimlas F, Alajmi S, Alajmi M, AlRoomi E, Jeragh A, Dhar R. Changing Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence: A Snapshot among the General Population in Kuwait. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020336. [PMID: 36851214 PMCID: PMC9963614 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess pre-vaccination and post-vaccination seroprevalences of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Kuwait and to compare antibody levels between vaccine types. In phase 1 (pre-vaccination period, n = 19,363), blood samples were collected before the launch of COVID-19 vaccination in Kuwait between 1 September and 31 December 2020. Blood samples for phase 2 (post-vaccination period, n = 4973) were collected between 1 September and 30 November 2021. We tested subjects for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using the DiaSorin LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 IgM and Trimeric S IgG tests. In the pre-vaccination period, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG was 14.50% (95% CI: 14.01-15.00) and 24.89% (95% CI: 24.29-25.50), respectively. The trend of seropositivity increased with age and was higher for females and non-Kuwaiti participants (p < 0.0001). Interestingly, seroprevalence was significantly higher for those who had received one dose of BNT162b2 (95.21%) than those who had received one dose of ChAdOx1-nCov-19 (92.86%). In addition, those who reported receiving two doses had higher seroprevalence, 96.25%, 95.86%, and 94.93% for ChA-dOx1-nCov-19/AstraZeneca, mix-and-match, and BNT162b2 recipients, respectively. After the second dose, median spike-specific responses showed no significant difference between ChAdOx1-nCov-19 and BNT162b2. Furthermore, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between median anti-trimeric S antibody levels of vaccinated individuals according to sex, age, or nationality (p > 0.05). In contrast, a negative correlation between age and anti-trimeric S IgG titers of BNT162b2-vaccinated subjects was observed (r = -0.062, p = 0.0009). Antibody levels decreased with time after vaccination with both vaccines. Our findings indicate that seroprevalence was very low during the pre-vaccination period (25%) in the general population and was greater than 95% in the vaccinated population in Kuwait. Furthermore, ChAdOx1-nCov-19 and BNT162b2 are effective in generating a similar humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadha Alfouzan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 46300, Kuwait
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Farwania Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 85000, Kuwait
- Correspondence:
| | - Haya Altawalah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 46300, Kuwait
- Virology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait
| | - Ahmad AlSarraf
- Biochemitry Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kuwait Cancer Control Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait
| | - Walid Alali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
| | - Talal Al-Fadalah
- Quality and Accreditation Directorate, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 13001, Kuwait
| | - Fahad Al-Ghimlas
- Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait
| | - Saud Alajmi
- Ahmadi Hospital, Administration Chief Clinical Services and Chief Supportive Clinical Services, Kuwait City 13126, Kuwait
| | - Mubarak Alajmi
- Ahmadi Hospital, Administration Chief Clinical Services and Chief Supportive Clinical Services, Kuwait City 13126, Kuwait
| | - Ebtehal AlRoomi
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jahra Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jahra 00020, Kuwait
| | - Ahlam Jeragh
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Adan Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 46969, Kuwait
| | - Rita Dhar
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Farwania Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City 85000, Kuwait
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16
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The Influence of Booster Shot and SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Anti-Spike Antibody Concentration One Year after the First COVID-19 Vaccine Dose Administration. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020278. [PMID: 36851157 PMCID: PMC9962896 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study pictures the humoral response of 100 vaccinees to Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine over a year, with particular focus on the influence of a booster shot administered around 10 months after the primary immunization. The response to the vaccination was assessed with Diasorin's SARS-CoV-2 TrimericSpike IgG. Abbott's SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid IgG immunoassay was used to identify SARS-CoV-2 contact, even asymptomatic. In contrast to the gradual decline of the anti-spike IgG between 30 and 240 days after the first dose, an increase was noted between days 240 and 360 in the whole cohort. However, a statistically significant rise was seen only in boosted individuals, and this effect of the booster decreased over time. An increase was also observed in non-boosted but recently infected participants and a decrease was reported in non-boosted, non-infected subjects. These changes were not statistically significant. On day 360, a percentage of new SARS-CoV-2 infections was statistically lower in the boosted vs. non-boosted subgroups. The booster immunization is the most efficient way of stimulating production of anti-spike, potentially neutralizing antibodies. The response is additionally enhanced by the natural contact with the virus. Individuals with a low level of anti-spike antibodies may benefit the most from the booster dose administration.
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17
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Abebe EC, Dejenie TA. Protective roles and protective mechanisms of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection and their potential clinical implications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1055457. [PMID: 36742320 PMCID: PMC9892939 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1055457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are central players in the humoral immunity that defends the body from SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking viral entry into host cells and neutralizing their biological effects. Even though NAbs primarily work by neutralizing viral antigens, on some occasions, they may also combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus escaping neutralization by employing several effector mechanisms in collaboration with immune cells like natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes. Besides their prophylactic and therapeutic roles, antibodies can be used for COVID-19 diagnosis, severity evaluation, and prognosis assessment in clinical practice. Furthermore, the measurement of NAbs could have key implications in determining individual or herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2, vaccine effectiveness, and duration of the humoral protective response, as well as aiding in the selection of suitable individuals who can donate convalescent plasma to treat infected people. Despite all these clinical applications of NAbs, using them in clinical settings can present some challenges. This review discusses the protective functions, possible protective mechanisms against SARS-CoV-2, and potential clinical applications of NAbs in COVID-19. This article also highlights the possible challenges and solutions associated with COVID-19 antibody-based prophylaxis, therapy, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endeshaw Chekol Abebe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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18
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Cosgun Y, Emanet N, Kamiloglu AÖ, Grage-Griebenow E, Hohensee S, Saschenbrecker S, Steinhagen K, Korukluoglu G. Humoral Immune Response to CoronaVac in Turkish Adults. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020216. [PMID: 36851093 PMCID: PMC9967599 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
While most approved vaccines are based on the viral spike protein or its immunogenic regions, inactivated whole-virion vaccines (e.g., CoronaVac) contain additional antigens that may enhance protection. This study analyzes short-term humoral responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1) and nucleocapsid (NCP) protein in 50 Turkish adults without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection after CoronaVac immunization. Samples were collected before vaccination (t0), 28-29 days after the first vaccine dose and prior to the second dose (t1), as well as 14-15 days after the second dose (t2). Anti-S1 IgG and IgA as well as anti-NCP IgG were quantified using ELISA. At t1, seroconversion rates for anti-S1 IgG, anti-S1 IgA and anti-NCP IgG were 30.0%, 28.0% and 4.0%, respectively, increasing significantly to 98.0%, 78.0% and 40.0% at t2. The anti-NCP IgG median (t2) was below the positivity cut-off, while anti-S1 IgG and IgA medians were positive. Anti-S1 IgG levels strongly correlated with anti-S1 IgA (rs = 0.767, p < 0.001) and anti-NCP IgG (rs = 0.683, p < 0.001). In conclusion, two CoronaVac doses induced significant increases in antibodies against S1 and NCP. Despite strong correlations between the antibody concentrations, the median levels and seroconversion rates of S1-specific responses exceed those of NCP-specific responses as early as two weeks after the second vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Cosgun
- National Arboviruses and Viral Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory, Microbiology Reference Laboratories Department, Public Health General Directorate of Turkey, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Nergis Emanet
- Virology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | | | - Evelin Grage-Griebenow
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susann Hohensee
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sandra Saschenbrecker
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-3032-1617
| | - Katja Steinhagen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gulay Korukluoglu
- National Arboviruses and Viral Zoonotic Diseases Laboratory, Microbiology Reference Laboratories Department, Public Health General Directorate of Turkey, Ankara 06100, Turkey
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19
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Wolszczak Biedrzycka B, Bieńkowska A, Smolińska-Fijołek E, Biedrzycki G, Dorf J. The Influence of Two Priming Doses of Different Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines on the Production of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies After the Administration of the Pfizer/BioNTech Booster. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:7811-7821. [PMID: 36600955 PMCID: PMC9807069 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s390351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A global vaccination program was implemented in late 2020 to end the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the immune response elicited by the vaccines proved to be insufficient due to the rapid emergence of new viral mutations. Therefore, the factors influencing cellular and humoral immune responses after the administration of different vaccines against SARS-CoV2 need to be identified. Materials In the present study, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were analyzed 20 to 50 days after the administration of a third (booster) dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in 192 residents of the city of Olsztyn (Poland) primed with two AstraZeneca or Pfizer/BioNTech vaccines. Methods Antibody titers were determined in venous blood serum in the ECLIA test using the Cobas e411 Roche analyzer. Results The study revealed that persons who received three doses of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine had significantly higher antibody titers than those who received two doses of AstraZeneca and a booster dose of Pfizer/BioNTech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Wolszczak Biedrzycka
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, 10-082, Poland,The Oncology Center of the Region of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Olsztyn, 10-228, Poland,Correspondence: Blanka Wolszczak Biedrzycka, Tel +48-505-970-699, Email
| | - Anna Bieńkowska
- Department of Psychology and Sociology of Health and Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, 10-082, Poland,The Oncology Center of the Region of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Hospital of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, Olsztyn, 10-228, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Biedrzycki
- Hospital Dispensary, Regional Specialist Hospital in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, 10-561, Poland
| | - Justyna Dorf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, 15-269, Poland
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Slower Waning of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Levels Six Months after the Booster Dose Compared to Primary Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111813. [DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer decreases rapidly after primovaccination, leading to a mandatory booster vaccination. We analysed anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike RBD IgG levels (positive ≥ 50 AU/mL) in 405 healthcare workers (3010 sera) who received a booster dose (BD) 9 months after two-dose BNT162b2 primovaccination. Median antibody titer at the time of BD (582.6 AU/mL) was 1.7-fold and 16.4-fold lower than the peak titer after the first (961.5 AU/mL) and the second vaccine dose (SVD) (10,232.6 AU/mL), respectively. One month after vaccination, IgG titer increased 40.6-fold after BD compared with a 10.8-fold increase after primovaccination. Three months after vaccination, post-booster antibodies decreased significantly slower (2.2-fold) than after primovaccination (3.3-fold). At six months, antibodies decreased slower after BD (4.5-fold; median 5556.0 AU/mL) than after primovaccination (9.6-fold; median 1038.5 AU/mL). Antibody titers before and one month after BD correlated weakly (r = 0.30) compared with a strong correlation (r = 0.65) between the corresponding post-primovaccination titers. Pre-vaccination COVID-19 had no effect on IgG levels after BD compared with a positive effect after primovaccination. Despite high post-booster IgG levels, 22.5% of participants contracted mild COVID-19. The trend of IgG decline indicates the need for further revaccination, but the vaccine type should be defined according to viral mutations.
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21
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Lau CS, Oh MLH, Phua SK, Liang YL, Aw TC. 210-Day Kinetics of Total, IgG, and Neutralizing Spike Antibodies across a Course of 3 Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101703. [PMID: 36298568 PMCID: PMC9607129 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We tested the total spike antibody (S-Ab), IgG/IgM S-Ab, and neutralizing antibody (N-Ab) responses of COVID-19-naïve subjects from before their first BNT162b2 vaccination up to 210 days after boosting. Methods: We studied 136 COVID-19-naïve subjects who received three doses of the Pfizer mRNA vaccine (39 males, 97 females, mean age 43.8 ± 13.5 years) from January 2021 to May 2022. Serum was assessed for total S-Ab (Roche), IgG/M (Abbott), and N-Ab (Snibe). Results: Peak antibody levels were measured 20-30 days after each dose, with booster dosing eliciting significantly higher peak antibodies than the second dose: total S-Ab 2219 vs. 19,551 BAU/mL (difference 16,667 BAU/mL, p < 0.0001); IgG 2270 vs. 2932 BAU/mL (difference 660 BAU/mL, p = 0.04); and N-Ab 3.52 vs. 26.4 µg/mL (difference 21.4 µg/mL, p < 0.0001). Only IgM showed a lower peak post-booster antibody titer (COI 2.11 vs. 0.23, difference 1.63, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.38, p < 0.0001). By 180−210 days after the second or third vaccination, total S-Ab/IgG/N-Ab had decreased by 68.7/93.8/73.6% vs. 82.8/86.3/79.5%. The half-lives of IgG and N-Ab antibodies were longer after the third vaccination (IgG: 65 vs. 34 days, N-Ab: 99 vs. 78 days). Conclusion: Total S-Ab/IgG/N-Ab showed a greater increase post-booster, with IgG/N-Ab having a longer half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Shern Lau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-68504927; Fax: +65-64269507
| | - May Lin Helen Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Soon Kieng Phua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Ya-Li Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Tar Choon Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Academic Pathology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Nemeth D, Vago H, Tothfalusi L, Ulakcsai Z, Becker D, Szabo Z, Rojkovich B, Merkely B, Nagy G. Factors influencing the SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination induced immune response in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960001. [PMID: 36311767 PMCID: PMC9596981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the factors that have significant impact on the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and vaccination induced immune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Serological response was measured by quantifying anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, while the cell-mediated response was measured by a whole-blood test quantifying the interferon (IFN)-γ response to different SARS-CoV-2-specific domains. Results We prospectively enrolled 109 RA patients and 43 healthy controls. The median time (IQR) between the confirmed infection or the last vaccination dose and the day when samples were taken (“sampling interval”) was 3.67 (2.03, 5.50) months in the RA group. Anti-Spike (anti-S) specific antibodies were detected in 94% of RA patients. Among the investigated patient related variables, age (p<0.004), sampling interval (p<0.001), the brand of the vaccine (p<0.001) and targeted RA therapy (TNF-inhibitor, IL-6 inhibitor, anti-CD20 therapy) had significant effect on the anti-S levels. After covariate adjustment TNF-inhibitor therapy decreased the anti-S antibody concentrations by 80% (p<0.001). The same figures for IL-6 inhibitor and anti-CD20 therapy were 74% (p=0.049) and 97% (p=0.002), respectively. Compared to subjects who were infected but were not vaccinated, the RNA COVID-19 vaccines increased the anti-S antibody levels to 71.1 (mRNA-1273) and 36.0 (BNT162b2) fold (p<0.001). The corresponding figure for the ChAdOx1s vaccine is 18.1(p=0.037). Anti-CCP (anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides) positive patients had 6.28 times (p= 0.00165) higher anti-S levels, than the anti-CCP negative patients. Positive T-cell response was observed in 87% of the healthy volunteer group and in 52% of the RA patient group. Following vaccination or infection it declined significantly (p= 0.044) but more slowly than that of anti-S titer (6%/month versus 25%). Specific T-cell responses were decreased by 65% in patients treated with anti-CD20 therapy (p=0.055). Conclusion Our study showed that the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels were substantially reduced in RA patients treated with TNF-α-inhibitors (N=51) and IL-6-inhibitor (N=15). In addition, anti-CD20 therapy (N=4) inhibited both SARS-CoV-2-induced humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, the magnitude of humoral and cellular immune response was dependent on the age and decreased over time. The RNA vaccines and ChAdOx1s vaccine effectively increased the level of anti-S antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Nemeth
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Dora Nemeth,
| | - Hajnalka Vago
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Tothfalusi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - David Becker
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Szabo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Rojkovich
- Buda Hospital of the Hospitaller Order of Saint John of God, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bela Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Nagy
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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