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Johansson K, Maouia A, Rebetz J, Marcoux G, Shannon O, Italiano JE, Narayanan P, Henry S, Shen L, Semple JW. CpG oligonucleotides induce acute murine thrombocytopenia dependent on toll-like receptor 9 and spleen tyrosine kinase pathways. J Thromb Haemost 2024:S1538-7836(24)00479-3. [PMID: 39155024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) are synthetic single-stranded DNA sequences that act as immunostimulants. They have been increasingly used to treat several cancers; however, thrombocytopenia is a potential recognized side effect of some sequences. OBJECTIVES We tested the ability of 2 CpG ODNs (ODN 2395 and ISIS 120704) to induce thrombocytopenia when administered to BALB/c mice and determined mechanisms associated with thrombocytopenia. METHODS BALB/c mice were prebled and then injected with titrated doses of CpG ODNs, and platelet counts were determined. The mice were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or various inhibitors and antagonists of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) to determine their effects on thrombocytopenia. RESULTS Compared with saline-treated mice or mice treated with 2'-O-methoxyethyl-modified antisense ODN, both ODN 2395 and ISIS 120704 induced acute dose-dependent thrombocytopenia within 3 and 24 hours, respectively. The thrombocytopenia was associated with significant increases in plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. IVIg administration significantly rescued the CpG ODN-induced thrombocytopenia, as did treatment with either a Syk inhibitor or TLR9 antagonists. In vitro, CpG ODN could activate human platelets and this correlated significantly with enhanced IVIg- and Syk-dependent phagocytosis by THP-1 monocytes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CpG ODNs induce acute inflammatory-associated (IVIg-sensitive) thrombocytopenia that can be alleviated by Syk- or TLR9-blockade, and an IVIg- and Syk-dependent platelet clearance pathway appears primarily responsible for the thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Johansson
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amal Maouia
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Rebetz
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Geneviève Marcoux
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oonagh Shannon
- Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joseph E Italiano
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Scott Henry
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Lijiang Shen
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - John W Semple
- Division of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Office of Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden.
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2
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Subhasinghe I, Matsuyama-Kato A, Ahmed KA, Ayalew LE, Gautam H, Popowich S, Chow-Lockerbie B, Tikoo SK, Griebel P, Gomis S. Oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs upregulate bactericidal activities of heterophils and enhance immunoprotection of neonatal broiler chickens against Salmonella Typhimurium septicemia. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104078. [PMID: 39096829 PMCID: PMC11345621 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past, we demonstrated that oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) mimicking bacterial DNA, stimulate the innate immune system of neonatal broiler chickens and protect them against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) septicemia. The first line of innate immune defense mechanism is formed by heterophils and plays a critical protective role against bacterial septicemia in avian species. Therefore, the objectives of this study were 1) to explore the kinetics of CpG-ODN mediated antibacterial mechanisms of heterophils following single or twice administration of CpG-ODN in neonatal broiler chickens and 2) to investigate the kinetics of the immunoprotective efficacy of single versus twice administration of CpG-ODN against S. Typhimurium septicemia. In this study, we successfully developed and optimized flow cytometry-based assays to measure phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation activity of heterophils. Birds that received CpG-ODN had significantly increased (p < 0.05) phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation activity of heterophils as early as 24 h following CpG-ODN administration. Twice administration of CpG-ODN significantly increased the phagocytosis activity of heterophils. In addition, our newly developed CD107a based flow cytometry assay demonstrated a significantly higher degranulation activity of heterophils following twice than single administration of CpG-ODN. However, the oxidative burst activity of heterophils was not significantly different between birds that received CpG-ODN only once or twice. Furthermore, delivery of CpG-ODN twice increased immunoprotection against S. Typhimurium septicemia compared to once but the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, we demonstrated enhanced bactericidal activity of heterophils after administration of CpG-ODN to neonatal broiler chickens. Further investigations will be required to identify other activated innate immune cells and the specific molecular pathways associated with the CpG-ODN mediated activation of heterophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iresha Subhasinghe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Lisanework E Ayalew
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Hemlata Gautam
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Betty Chow-Lockerbie
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Philip Griebel
- Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; VIDO-InterVac., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
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3
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Seadawy MG, Lotfy MM, Saeed AA, Ageez AM. Novel HER2-based multi-epitope vaccine (HER2-MEV) against HER2-positive breast cancer: In silico design and validation. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110832. [PMID: 38905717 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) continues to be the malignancy with the highest diagnosis rate worldwide. Between 15 % and 30 % of BC patients show overexpressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which is linked to poor clinical results in terms of invasiveness and recurrence risk. Passive immunity-based therapeutic approaches for treating HER2-enriched BC, are not effective and significant problems need to be tackled. Constructing multi-epitope vaccines is favored over single-epitope vaccines due to its ability to induce immunity against a variety of antigenic targets which will improve the efficacy of the vaccine. The current study describes a multi-epitope vaccine from HER2 protein against HER2-positive BC using several immunoinformatic techniques to achieve a potent and durable immune response. Nine Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and five Helper T lymphocytes (HTL) epitopes were predicted and validated from HER2 protein using in silico tools. The expressed protein of the designed vaccine is predicted to be highly thermostable with better solubility. The predicted vaccine 3D structure was validated by ProSA servers and by the ERRAT server. Molecular docking analysis revealed a high binding affinity and stability of the designed vaccine with MHCI and TLR-2, 4, 7, and 9 receptors. The analysis of the C-ImmSim server revealed that the novel vaccine construct had the ability to elicit robust anti-cancerous innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immune responses. The vaccine can be a suitable option for HER2-positive BC patients and other patients with HER2-positive cancers to evoke immune responses. However, in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to assess its effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G Seadawy
- Biodefense Center for Infectious and Emerging Diseases, Ministry of Defense, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mai M Lotfy
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Aya A Saeed
- Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Amr M Ageez
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, MSA University, 6 October City 12451, Giza, Egypt.
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4
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Wang Y, Liu S, Li B, Sun X, Pan Q, Zheng Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Wang J, Liu L, Du E. A novel CpG ODN compound adjuvant enhances immune response to spike subunit vaccines of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1336239. [PMID: 38322258 PMCID: PMC10846067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1336239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) boost the humoral and cellular immune responses to antigens through interaction with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). These CpG ODNs have been extensively utilized in human vaccines. In our study, we evaluated five B-type CpG ODNs that have stimulatory effects on pigs by measuring the proliferation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and assessing interferon gamma (IFN-γ) secretion. Furthermore, this study examined the immunoenhancing effects of the MF59 and CpG ODNs compound adjuvant in mouse and piglet models of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) subunit vaccine administration. The in vitro screening revealed that the CpG ODN named CpG5 significantly stimulated the proliferation of porcine PBMCs and elevated IFN-γ secretion levels. In the mouse vaccination model, CpG5 compound adjuvant significantly bolstered the humoral and cellular immune responses to the PEDV subunit vaccines, leading to Th1 immune responses characterized by increased IFN-γ and IgG2a levels. In piglets, the neutralizing antibody titer was significantly enhanced with CpG5 compound adjuvant, alongside a considerable increase in CD8+ T lymphocytes proportion. The combination of MF59 adjuvant and CpG5 exhibits a synergistic effect, resulting in an earlier, more intense, and long-lasting immune response in subunit vaccines for PEDV. This combination holds significant promise as a robust candidate for the development of vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Boshuo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinyao Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Nanjing JSIAMA Biopharmaceuticals Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Yangling Carey Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangling, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Nanjing JSIAMA Biopharmaceuticals Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Enqi Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Yangling Carey Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangling, China
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5
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Dhanushkumar T, M E S, Selvam PK, Rambabu M, Dasegowda KR, Vasudevan K, George Priya Doss C. Advancements and hurdles in the development of a vaccine for triple-negative breast cancer: A comprehensive review of multi-omics and immunomics strategies. Life Sci 2024; 337:122360. [PMID: 38135117 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) presents a significant challenge in oncology due to its aggressive behavior and limited therapeutic options. This review explores the potential of immunotherapy, particularly vaccine-based approaches, in addressing TNBC. It delves into the role of immunoinformatics in creating effective vaccines against TNBC. The review first underscores the distinct attributes of TNBC and the importance of tumor antigens in vaccine development. It then elaborates on antigen detection techniques such as exome sequencing, HLA typing, and RNA sequencing, which are instrumental in identifying TNBC-specific antigens and selecting vaccine candidates. The discussion then shifts to the in-silico vaccine development process, encompassing antigen selection, epitope prediction, and rational vaccine design. This process merges computational simulations with immunological insights. The role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in expediting the prediction of antigens and epitopes is also emphasized. The review concludes by encapsulating how Immunoinformatics can augment the design of TNBC vaccines, integrating tumor antigens, advanced detection methods, in-silico strategies, and AI-driven insights to advance TNBC immunotherapy. This could potentially pave the way for more targeted and efficacious treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dhanushkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Santhosh M E
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Selvam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Majji Rambabu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - K R Dasegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Karthick Vasudevan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, India.
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Laboratory of Integrative Genomics, Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India.
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Shen F, Wang H, Liu Z, Sun L. DNA Nanostructures: Self-Adjuvant Carriers for Highly Efficient Subunit Vaccines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312624. [PMID: 37737971 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines based on antigen proteins or epitopes of pathogens or tumors show advantages in immunological precision and high safety, but are often limited by their low immunogenicity. Adjuvants can boost immune responses by stimulating immune cells or promoting antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells (APCs), yet existing clinical adjuvants struggle in simultaneously achieving these dual functions. Additionally, the spatial organization of antigens might be crucial to their immunogenicity. Hence, superior adjuvants should potently stimulate the immune system, precisely arrange antigens, and effectively deliver antigens to APCs. Recently, precisely organizing and delivering antigens with the unique editability of DNA nanostructures has been proposed, presenting unique abilities in significantly improving the immunogenicity of antigens. In this minireview, we will discuss the principles behind using DNA nanostructures as self-adjuvant carriers and review the latest advancements in this field. The potential and challenges associated with self-adjuvant DNA nanostructures will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Shen
- Institute of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201240, China
| | - Haihan Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Lab Carbon Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lele Sun
- Institute of Materiobiology, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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7
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Nagar N, Naidu G, Mishra A, Poluri KM. Protein-Based Nanocarriers and Nanotherapeutics for Infection and Inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:91-109. [PMID: 37699711 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious and inflammatory diseases are one of the leading causes of death globally. The status quo has become more prominent with the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To combat these potential crises, proteins have been proven as highly efficacious drugs, drug targets, and biomarkers. On the other hand, advancements in nanotechnology have aided efficient and sustained drug delivery due to their nano-dimension-acquired advantages. Combining both strategies together, the protein nanoplatforms are equipped with the advantageous intrinsic properties of proteins as well as nanoformulations, eloquently changing the field of nanomedicine. Proteins can act as carriers, therapeutics, diagnostics, and theranostics in their nanoform as fusion proteins or as composites with other organic/inorganic materials. Protein-based nanoplatforms have been extensively explored to target the major infectious and inflammatory diseases of clinical concern. The current review comprehensively deliberated proteins as nanocarriers for drugs and nanotherapeutics for inflammatory and infectious agents, with special emphasis on cancer and viral diseases. A plethora of proteins from diverse organisms have aided in the synthesis of protein-based nanoformulations. The current study specifically presented the proteins of human and pathogenic origin to dwell upon the field of protein nanotechnology, emphasizing their pharmacological advantages. Further, the successful clinical translation and current bottlenecks of the protein-based nanoformulations associated with the infection-inflammation paradigm have also been discussed comprehensively. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review discusses the plethora of promising protein-based nanocarriers and nanotherapeutics explored for infectious and inflammatory ailments, with particular emphasis on protein nanoparticles of human and pathogenic origin with reference to the advantages, ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion parameters), and current bottlenecks in development of protein-based nanotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
| | - Goutami Naidu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
| | - Amit Mishra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering (N.N., G.N., K.M.P.) and Centre for Nanotechnology (K.M.P.), Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India; and Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India (A.M.)
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Guo B, Zhang S, Xu L, Sun J, Chan WL, Zheng P, Zhang J, Zhang L. Efficacy and safety of innate and adaptive immunotherapy combined with standard of care in high-grade gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:966696. [PMID: 37483593 PMCID: PMC10357294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.966696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor with the highest mortality. In the era of immunotherapy, it is important to determine what type of immunotherapy provides the best chance of survival. Method Here, the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in high-grade glioma (HGG) were evaluated by systematic review and meta-analysis. The differences between various types of immunotherapy were explored. Retrieved hits were screened for inclusion in 2,317 articles. We extracted the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) hazard ratios (HRs) as two key outcomes for examining the efficacy of immunotherapy. We also analyzed data on the reported corresponding adverse events to assess the safety of immunotherapy. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019112356). Results We included a total of 1,271 patients, of which 524 received a combination of immunotherapy and standard of care (SOC), while 747 received SOC alone. We found that immunotherapy extended the OS (HR = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-0.99; Z = -2.00, P = 0.0458 < 0.05) and PFS (HR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45-0.99; Z = -1.99, P = 0.0466 < 0.05), although certain adverse events occurred (proportion = 0.0773, 95% CI, 0.0589-0.1014). Our data have demonstrated the efficacy of the dendritic cell (DC) vaccine in prolonging the OS (HR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21-0.68; Z = -3.23; P = 0.0012 < 0.05) of glioma patients. Oncolytic viral therapy (VT) only extended patient survival in a subgroup analysis (HR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.45-0.80; Z = -3.53; P = 0.0004 < 0.05). By contrast, immunopotentiation (IP) did not prolong OS (HR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.96; Z = -2.23; P = 0.0256). Conclusion Thus, DC vaccination significantly prolonged the OS of HGG patients, however, the efficacy of VT and IP should be explored in further studies. All the therapeutic schemes evaluated were associated with certain side effects. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=112356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Libo Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jicheng Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pengfei Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinnan Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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9
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Zhang Q, Qu X, Liang C, Li H, Du S, Wang C, Xie Y, Zheng Y, Wang L. Effect of oligonucleotide MT01 delivered by N-isopropylacrylamide modified polyethyleneimine for bone regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1204571. [PMID: 37404683 PMCID: PMC10315576 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1204571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of N-isopropylacrylamide-modified polyethyleneimine (PEN)-delivered oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) MT01 on bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Methods: A polyethylenimine (PEI) derivative, PEN, was constructed through Michael addition and employed as a carrier for ODN MT01 transfection. PEN/MT01 nanocomposites were characterized using agarose gel retardation assay, size distribution, zeta potential and transmission electron microscopy. The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect the effect of PEN on cell viability. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was used to detect the osteogenic differentiation ability of PEN/MT01 nanocomposite. Real-time quantitative PCR (q RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the regulatory effects of PEN/MT01 nanocomposite on osteogenic differentiation gene expression. Rat model was observed using the skull defect method and verified using micro-computed tomography (CT), serum biochemical indices, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: PEN had good biological properties and could deliver MT01 well to achieve efficient transmission of MT01. PEN/MT01 nanocomposites were effectively transfected into MC3T3-E1 cells at a ratio of 6.0. CCK-8 assay displayed that PEN had no cytotoxicity to MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, PEN/MT01 nanocomposites could promote the expression of osteogenic genes. In vivo results revealed that PEN/MT01 nanocomposites could promote bone regeneration more effectively than the other groups. Conclusion: PEN has good biocompatibility and low toxicity, which is a good carrier for ODN MT01. PEN-delivered MT01 can be potentially employed as a useful approach to achieving bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xingyuan Qu
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Siyu Du
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuandong Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Pandya A, Shah Y, Kothari N, Postwala H, Shah A, Parekh P, Chorawala MR. The future of cancer immunotherapy: DNA vaccines leading the way. Med Oncol 2023; 40:200. [PMID: 37294501 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Immuno-oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment and has opened up new opportunities for developing vaccination methods. DNA-based cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising approach to activating the bodily immune system against cancer. Plasmid DNA immunizations have shown a favorable safety profile and there occurs induction of generalized as well as tailored immune responses in preclinical and early-phase clinical experiments. However, these vaccines have notable limitations in immunogenicity and heterogeneity and these require refinements. DNA vaccine technology has been focusing on improving vaccine efficacy and delivery, with parallel developments in nanoparticle-based delivery systems and gene-editing technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9. This approach has showcased great promise in enhancing and tailoring the immune response to vaccination. Strategies to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccines include the selection of appropriate antigens, optimizing insertion in a plasmid, and studying combinations of vaccines with conventional strategies and targeted therapies. Combination therapies have attenuated immunosuppressive activities in the tumor microenvironment and enhanced the capability of immune cells. This review provides an overview of the current framework of DNA vaccines in oncology and focuses on novel strategies, including established combination therapies and those still under development.The challenges that oncologists, scientists, and researchers need to overcome to establish DNA vaccines as an avant-garde approach to defeating cancer, are also emphasized. The clinical implications of the immunotherapeutic approaches and the need for predictive biomarkers have also been reviewed upon. We have also tried to extend the role of Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to the DNA vaccines. The clinical implications of the immunotherapeutic approaches have also been reviewed upon. Ultimately, refining and optimizing DNA vaccines will enable harnessing the immune system's natural ability to recognize and eliminate cancer cells, leading the world towards a revolution in cancer cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanshi Pandya
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Yesha Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Nirjari Kothari
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Humzah Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Aayushi Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India
| | - Priyajeet Parekh
- AV Pharma LLC, 1545 University Blvd N Ste A, Jacksonville, FL, 32211, USA
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
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11
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Kalami A, Shahgolzari M, Khosroushahi AY, Fiering S. Combining in situ vaccination and immunogenic apoptosis to treat cancer. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:367-381. [PMID: 36852419 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization approaches are designed to stimulate the immune system and eliminate the tumor. Studies indicate that cancer immunization combined with certain chemotherapeutics and immunostimulatory agents can improve outcomes. Chemotherapeutics-based immunogenic cell death makes the tumor more recognizable by the immune system. In situ vaccination (ISV) utilizes established tumors as antigen sources and directly applies an immune adjuvant to the tumor to reverse a cold tumor microenvironment to a hot one. Immunogenic cell death and ISV highlight for the immune system the tumor antigens that are recognizable by immune cells and support a T-cell attack of the tumor cells. This review presents the concept of immunogenic apoptosis and ISV as a powerful platform for cancer immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Kalami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shahgolzari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Steven Fiering
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.,Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth & Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Irie H, Morita K, Matsuda M, Koizumi M, Mochizuki S. Tyrosinase-Related Protein2 Peptide with Replacement of N-Terminus Residue by Cysteine Binds to H-2K b and Induces Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes after Conjugation with CpG-DNA. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:433-442. [PMID: 36708315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the potent efficacy of peptide-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Immunological performance is optimized through the co-delivery of adjuvant and antigenic peptide molecules to antigen-presenting cells simultaneously. In our previous study, we showed that a conjugate consisting of 40-mer CpG-DNA and an antigenic ovalbumin peptide through disulfide bonding could efficiently induce ovalbumin-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vivo. In this study, based on the conjugation design, we prepared a conjugate consisting of 30-mer CpG-DNA (CpG30) and a cancer antigenic peptide of Tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP2180-188) using a cysteine residue attached at the N-terminus of TRP2180-188. However, the immunization of mice with this conjugate did not induce efficient TRP2180-188-specific immune responses. It was thought that the resultant peptide (10-mer) cleaved from the conjugate might be too long to fit into the H-2Kb molecule because the optimal length for binding to it is 8-9 amino acids. We newly designed a conjugate consisting of CpG30 and the C-TRP2181-188 peptide (9-mer), in which the N-terminal serine residue of TRP2180-188 is replaced by a cysteine. By adjusting the peptide length, we succeeded in inducing strong TRP2180-188 peptide-specific CTL activity upon immunization with the CpG30-C-TRP2181-188 conjugate. Furthermore, various CpG30-C-TRP2181-188 conjugates having other CpG-DNA sequences or cysteine analogues also induced the same level of CTL activity. Therefore, CpG-C-peptide conjugates prepared by replacement of the amino acid residue at the N-terminus with a cysteine residue could be a new and effective platform for peptide vaccines for targeting specific antigens of cancers and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Irie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Koji Morita
- Modality Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Miyu Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
| | - Makoto Koizumi
- Modality Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Shinichi Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan
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Butkovich N, Tucker JA, Ramirez A, Li E, Meli VS, Nelson EL, Wang SW. Nanoparticle vaccines can be designed to induce pDC support of mDCs for increased antigen display. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:596-610. [PMID: 36476811 PMCID: PMC10775882 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01132h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine immunotherapy facilitates the immune system's recognition of tumor-associated antigens, and the biomolecular design of these vaccines using nanoparticles is one important approach towards obtaining strong anti-tumor responses. Following activation of dendritic cells (DCs), a robust CD8+ T cell-mediated adaptive immune response is critical for tumor elimination. While the role of efficient antigen-presenting myeloid DCs (mDCs) is conventionally attributed towards vaccine efficacy, participation by highly cytokine-producing plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) is less understood and is often overlooked. We examined vaccines based on the E2 protein nanoparticle platform that delivered encapsulated TLR9 agonist bacterial-like DNA (CpG1826 or CpG1018) or TLR7 agonist viral ssRNA to determine their efficacy over free agonists in activating both mDCs and pDCs for antigen presentation. Although mDCs were only activated by nanoparticle-encapsulated TLR9 agonists, pDCs were activated by all the individually tested constructs, and CpG1826 was shown to induce pDC cytokine production. Transfer of secreted factors from pDCs that were stimulated with a vaccine formulation comprising peptide antigen and CpG1826 enhanced mDC display of the antigen, particularly when delivered in nanoparticles. Only when treated with nanoparticle-conjugated vaccine could pDCs secrete factors to induce antigen display on naïve mDCs. These results reveal that pDCs can aid mDCs, highlighting the importance of activating both pDCs and mDCs in designing effective cancer vaccines, and demonstrate the advantage of using nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Butkovich
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jo Anne Tucker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Aaron Ramirez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Enya Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Vijaykumar S Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Edward L Nelson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Szu-Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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14
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Thakur S, Sinhari A, Jain P, Jadhav HR. A perspective on oligonucleotide therapy: Approaches to patient customization. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1006304. [PMID: 36339619 PMCID: PMC9626821 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1006304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that the human genome encodes 15% of proteins that are considered to be disease-modifying. Only 2% of these proteins possess a druggable site that the approved clinical candidates target. Due to this disparity, there is an immense need to develop therapeutics that may better mitigate the disease or disorders aroused by non-druggable and druggable proteins or enzymes. The recent surge in approved oligonucleotide therapeutics (OT) indicates the imminent potential of these therapies. Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics are of intermediate size with much-improved selectivity towards the target and fewer off-target effects than small molecules. The OTs include Antisense RNAs, MicroRNA (MIR), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and aptamers, which are currently being explored for their use in neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and even orphan diseases. The present review is a congregated effort to present the past and present of OTs and the current efforts to make OTs for plausible future therapeutics. The review provides updated literature on the challenges and bottlenecks of OT and recent advancements in OT drug delivery. Further, this review deliberates on a newly emerging approach to personalized treatment for patients with rare and fatal diseases with OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Thakur
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani, RJ, India
| | - Apurba Sinhari
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani, RJ, India
| | - Priti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemant R. Jadhav
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani, RJ, India
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15
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Huang D, Wu T, Lan S, Liu C, Guo Z, Zhang W. In situ photothermal nano-vaccine based on tumor cell membrane-coated black phosphorus-Au for photo-immunotherapy of metastatic breast tumors. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121808. [PMID: 36137415 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines which can activate antitumor immune response have great potential for metastatic tumors treatment. However, clinical translation of cancer vaccines remained challenging due to weak tumor antigen immunogenicity, inefficient in vivo delivery, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Nanomaterials-based photothermal treatment (PTT) triggers immunogenic cell death while providing in situ tumor-associated antigens for subsequent anti-tumor immunity. Here, an in situ photothermal nano-vaccine (designated as BCNCCM) based on cancer cell membrane (CCM) was explored by co-encapsulating immune adjuvant CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) loaded black phosphorus-Au (BP-Au) nanosheets together with an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor (NLG919) by CCM, for the elimination of primary and metastatic breast tumors. The nano-vaccine could be delivered to tumor site selectively by CCM targeting and exhibit vaccine-like functions through the combined effect of in situ generated tumor-associate agents after PTT and immune adjuvant CpG, resulting in trigger of tumor-specific immunity. Furthermore, tumor inhibition was enhanced owing to the reversed immunosuppressive microenvironment mediated by IDO inhibitors. The nano-vaccine not only had good therapeutic effect on primary and metastatic tumors, but also could prevent tumor recurrence by producing systemic immune memory. Therefore, the photothermal nano-vaccine which coordinate in situ vaccine-like function and immune modulation may be a promising stragegy for photo-immunotherapy of metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiu Huang
- School of Medical Information Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Tong Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Siyuan Lan
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Chengkuan Liu
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China
| | - Zhouyi Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & SATCM Third Grade Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Photonics Technology, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. Guangzhou. Guangdong. PR China.
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16
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Sahin Eguz I, Ihlamur M, Abamor ES, Topuzogullari M. Synthesis and immunogenicity of the linear conjugates of polyacrylic acid and antigenic peptide of human papillomavirus. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Oberemok VV, Andreeva OA, Laikova KV, Novikov IA, Kubyshkin AV. Post-genomic platform for development of oligonucleotide vaccines against RNA viruses: diamond cuts diamond. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:729-739. [PMID: 35523969 PMCID: PMC9075145 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has starkly demonstrated the need to create highly effective vaccines against various viral diseases. The emerging new platforms for vaccine creation (adenovirus vectors and mRNA vaccines) have shown their worth in the fight against the prevention of coronavirus infection. However, adenovirus vectors and mRNA vaccines have a serious disadvantage: as a rule, only the S protein of the coronavirus is presented as an antigen. This tactic for preventing infection allows the ever-mutating virus to escape quickly from the immunity protection provided by such vaccines. Today, viral genomic databases are well-developed, which makes it possible to create new vaccines on a fundamentally new post-genomic platform. In addition, the technology for the synthesis of nucleic acids is currently experiencing an upsurge in demand in various fields of molecular biology. The accumulated experience suggests that the unique genomic sequences of viruses can act as antigens that trigger powerful humoral and cellular immunity. To achieve this effect, the following conditions must be created: the structure of the nucleic acid must be single-stranded, have a permanent 3D nanostructure, and have a unique sequence absent in the vaccinated organism. Oligonucleotide vaccines are able to resist the rapidly changing genomic sequences of RNA viruses by using conserved regions of their genomes to generate a long-term immune response, acting according to the adage that a diamond cuts a diamond. In addition, oligonucleotide vaccines will not contribute to antibody-dependent enhanced infection, since the nucleic acid of the coronavirus is inside the viral particle. It is obvious that new epidemics and pandemics caused by RNA viruses will continue to arise periodically in the human population. The creation of new, safe, and effective platforms for the production of vaccines that can flexibly change and adapt to new subtypes of viruses is very urgent and at this moment should be considered as a strategically necessary task.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Oberemok
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea.
- Engineering Center 'Genetic and Cell Biotechnologies', V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - O A Andreeva
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
- Engineering Center 'Genetic and Cell Biotechnologies', V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
| | - K V Laikova
- Biochemistry Department, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
| | - I A Novikov
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
| | - A V Kubyshkin
- Engineering Center 'Genetic and Cell Biotechnologies', V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
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18
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Wu Y, Wen H, Bernstein ZJ, Hainline KM, Blakney TS, Congdon KL, Snyder DJ, Sampson JH, Sanchez-Perez L, Collier JH. Multiepitope supramolecular peptide nanofibers eliciting coordinated humoral and cellular antitumor immune responses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm7833. [PMID: 35857833 PMCID: PMC9299545 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Subunit vaccines inducing antibodies against tumor-specific antigens have yet to be clinically successful. Here, we use a supramolecular α-helical peptide nanofiber approach to design epitope-specific vaccines raising simultaneous B cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD4+ T cell responses against combinations of selected epitopes and show that the concurrent induction of these responses generates strong antitumor effects in mice, with significant improvements over antibody or CD8+ T cell-based vaccines alone, in both prophylactic and therapeutic subcutaneous melanoma models. Nanofiber vaccine-induced antibodies mediated in vitro tumoricidal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). The addition of immune checkpoint and phagocytosis checkpoint blockade antibodies further improved the therapeutic effect of the nanofiber vaccines against murine melanoma. These findings highlight the potential clinical benefit of vaccine-induced antibody responses for tumor treatments, provided that they are accompanied by simultaneous CD8+ and CD4+ responses, and they illustrate a multiepitope cancer vaccine design approach using supramolecular nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hanning Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Kelly M. Hainline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tykia S. Blakney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - David J. Snyder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John H. Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Joel H. Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Yao L, Wu L, Wang R, Liu Y, Luo F, Zhang Y, Chen G. Liposome-Based Carbohydrate Vaccine for Simultaneously Eliciting Humoral and Cellular Antitumor Immunity. ACS Macro Lett 2022; 11:975-981. [PMID: 35833848 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA)-based cancer vaccines achieved promising results, whereas missing the T cell-mediated cellular immune response is still a crucial problem to be solved. Here, we have developed Tn antigen (GalNAc)-modified liposome-encapsulated TLR9 agonist CpG ODN adjuvant as a cancer vaccine. The glyco-liposome vaccines exhibit strong binding ability with an anti-Tn specific antibody and enhance antigen presentation of both bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and spleen B cells. In vivo immunogenicity studies have demonstrated that the glyco-liposome vaccines can significantly enhance the generation of high anti-Tn antigen antibody titers and further induce a Th1-dependent cellular immune response, evidenced by IFN-γ secretion in an immune coculture of immunized T cells with Tn-expression 4T1 cancer cells. Collectively, our results highlight a liposome-based carbohydrate vaccine as a promising platform, which can simultaneously elicit both humoral and cellular antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintong Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Libin Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Rujin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Colorectal Cancer Centre, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feifei Luo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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Gunawardana T, Ahmed KA, Popowich S, Kurukulasuriya S, Lockerbie B, Karunarathana R, Ayalew LE, Liu M, Tikoo SK, Gomis S. Comparison of Therapeutic Antibiotics, Probiotics, and Synthetic CpG-ODNs for Protective Efficacy Against Escherichia coli Lethal Infection and Impact on the Immune System in Neonatal Broiler Chickens. Avian Dis 2022; 66:165-175. [PMID: 35723931 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The poultry industry needs alternatives to antibiotics, as there are growing public concerns about the emergence of antimicrobial resistance owing to antimicrobial use in animal production. We have reported that the administration of neonatal chicks with synthetic DNA oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) motifs (CpG-ODN) can protect against bacterial pathogens in chickens. The objective of this study was to compare the immunoprotective effects of CpG-ODN and probiotics against Escherichia coli infection vs. commonly used therapeutic antibiotics. Day-old broiler chicks were divided into five groups (n = 35/group; 30 for the challenge experiment and 5 for the flow cytometry analysis). The chicks in Group 1 received a single dose of CpG-ODN by the intramuscular route on day 4 (D4) posthatch (PH), and Group 2 received drinking water (DW) with a probiotic product (D1-D15 PH, DW). The Group 3 chicks received tetracycline antibiotics during D9-D13 in DW; the Group 4 chicks got sodium sulfamethazine on D9, D10, and D15 PH in DW; and the Group 5 chicks were administered intramuscular (IM) saline D4 PH, DW. We challenged all the groups (n = 30/group) with E. coli (1 × 105 or 1 × 106 colony-forming units/bird) on D8 PH through the subcutaneous route. Our data demonstrated that the CpG-ODNs, but not the probiotics, could protect neonatal broiler chickens against lethal E. coli septicemia, as would the tetracycline or sodium sulfamethazine. The flow cytometry analysis (n = 5/group) revealed enrichment of immune cells in the CpG-ODN group and a marked decrease in macrophages and T-cell numbers in antibiotics-treated groups, indicating immunosuppressive effects. Our data showed that, like therapeutic antibiotics, CpG-ODNs reduced clinical signs, decreased bacterial loads, and induced protection in chicks against E. coli septicemia. Unlike therapeutic antibiotics-induced immunosuppressive effects, CpG-ODN caused immune enrichment by increasing chicken immune cells recruitment. Furthermore, this study highlights that, although therapeutic antibiotics can treat bacterial infections, the ensuing immunosuppressive effects may negatively impact the overall chicken health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thushari Gunawardana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada,
| | - Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Shanika Kurukulasuriya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Betty Lockerbie
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Ruwani Karunarathana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Lisanework E Ayalew
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Mengying Liu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada,
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The Immunomodulatory Functions of Various CpG Oligodeoxynucleotideson CEF Cells and H 9N 2 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040616. [PMID: 35455365 PMCID: PMC9028402 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) present adjuvant activities for antigen proteins, which can induce humoral and cellular immune responses to antigens. However, the immunomodulatory functions of CpG ODNs with different sequences are very different. In this paper, six CpG ODNs with different sequences were designed based on CpG2007 as a template. Through the screening of CEF cells in vitro, the stimulating activity of CpG ODNs was determined. Then, two selected CpG ODN sequence backbones were modified by substituting the oxygen with sulfur (S-CpG) and verifying the immune activity. Next, to prove the feasibility of S-CpG as an immune potentiator, two immune models with or without white oil adjuvant were prepared in 20-day-old chicken vaccinations. The screening experiment in vitro showed that the inducing roles of CpG ODN 4 and 5 could strongly stimulate various immune-related molecular expressions. Additionally, CpG ODN 4 and 5 with sulfation modification significantly induced various cytokines’ expressions. Furthermore, CpG ODN 4 and 5 induced the strongly humoral and cellular immune responses during vaccination, in which white oil, as an adjuvant, could significantly improve the immune effect of CpG ODN. These results provide an important experimental basis for exploring the structural characteristics and vaccine immunity of CpG ODN.
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22
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Design of a Novel Recombinant Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 26:160-74. [PMID: 35090304 PMCID: PMC8987416 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.26.2.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is determined by the absence of ERBB2, estrogen and progesterone receptors’ expression. Cancer vaccines, as the novel immunotherapy strategies, have emerged as promising tools for treating the advanced stage of TNBC. The aim of this study was to evaluate Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Metadherin (MTDH), and Mucin 1 (MUC-1) proteins as vaccine candidates against TNBC. Methods In this research, a novel vaccine was designed against TNBC by using different immunoinformatics and bioinformatics approaches. Effective immunodominant epitopes were chosen from three antigenic proteins, namely CEA, MTDH, and MUC-1. Recombinant TLR4 agonists were utilized as an adjuvant to stimulate immune responses. Following the selection of antigens and adjuvants, appropriate linkers were chosen to generate the final recombinant protein. To achieve an excellent 3D model, the best predicted 3D model was required to be refined and validated. To demonstrate whether the vaccine/TLR4 complex is stable or not, we performed docking analysis and dynamic molecular simulation. Result Immunoinformatics and bioinformatics evaluations of the designed construct demonstrated that this vaccine candidate could effectively be used as a therapeutic armament against TNBC. Conclusion Bioinformatics studies revealed that the designed vaccine has an acceptable quality. Investigating the effectiveness of this vaccine can be confirmed by supplementary in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Meng Z, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Ji J, Liu Z. Nanovaccines with cell-derived components for cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114107. [PMID: 34995678 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer nanovaccines as one of immunotherapeutic approaches are able to attack tumors by stimulating tumor-specific immunological responses. However, there still exist multiple challenges to be tackled for cancer nanovaccines to evoke potent antitumor immunity. Particularly, the administration of exogenous materials may cause the off-target immunotherapy responses. In recent years, biomimetic nanovaccines by using cell lysates, cell-derived nanovesicles, or extracted cell membranes as the functional components have received extensive attention. Such nanovaccines based on cell-derived components would show many unique advantages including inherent biocompatibility and the ability to trigger immune responses against a range of tumor-associated antigens. In this review article, we will introduce the recent research progresses of those cell-derived biomimetic nanovaccines for cancer immunotherapy, and discuss the perspectives and challenges associated with the future clinical translation of these emerging vaccine platforms.
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Zhang L, Xu L, Wang Y, Liu J, Tan G, Huang F, He N, Lu Z. A novel therapeutic vaccine based on graphene oxide nanocomposite for tumor immunotherapy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Proskurina AS, Ruzanova VS, Ritter GS, Efremov YR, Mustafin ZS, Lashin SA, Burakova EA, Fokina AA, Zatsepin TS, Stetsenko DA, Leplina OY, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Bogachev SS. Antitumor efficacy of multi-target <i>in situ</i> vaccinations with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, anti-OX40, anti-PD1 antibodies, and aptamers. J Biomed Res 2022; 37:194-212. [PMID: 37161885 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To overcome immune tolerance to cancer, the immune system needs to be exposed to a multi-target action intervention. Here, we investigated the activating effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), mesyl phosphoramidate CpG ODNs, anti-OX40 antibodies, and OX40 RNA aptamers on major populations of immunocompetent cells ex vivo. Comparative analysis of the antitumor effects of in situ vaccination with CpG ODNs and anti-OX40 antibodies, as well as several other combinations, such as mesyl phosphoramidate CpG ODNs and OX40 RNA aptamers, was conducted. Antibodies against programmed death 1 (PD1) checkpoint inhibitors or their corresponding PD1 DNA aptamers were also added to vaccination regimens for analytical purposes. Four scenarios were considered: a weakly immunogenic Krebs-2 carcinoma grafted in CBA mice; a moderately immunogenic Lewis carcinoma grafted in C57Black/6 mice; and an immunogenic A20 B cell lymphoma or an Ehrlich carcinoma grafted in BALB/c mice. Adding anti-PD1 antibodies (CpG+αOX40+αPD1) to in situ vaccinations boosts the antitumor effect. When to be used instead of antibodies, aptamers also possess antitumor activity, although this effect was less pronounced. The strongest effect across all the tumors was observed in highly immunogenic A20 B cell lymphoma and Ehrlich carcinoma.
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Wu L, Zhou W, Lin L, Chen A, Feng J, Qu X, Zhang H, Yue J. Delivery of therapeutic oligonucleotides in nanoscale. Bioact Mater 2022; 7:292-323. [PMID: 34466734 PMCID: PMC8379367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic oligonucleotides (TOs) represent one of the most promising drug candidates in the targeted cancer treatment due to their high specificity and capability of modulating cellular pathways that are not readily druggable. However, efficiently delivering of TOs to cancer cellular targets is still the biggest challenge in promoting their clinical translations. Emerging as a significant drug delivery vector, nanoparticles (NPs) can not only protect TOs from nuclease degradation and enhance their tumor accumulation, but also can improve the cell uptake efficiency of TOs as well as the following endosomal escape to increase the therapeutic index. Furthermore, targeted and on-demand drug release of TOs can also be approached to minimize the risk of toxicity towards normal tissues using stimuli-responsive NPs. In the past decades, remarkable progresses have been made on the TOs delivery based on various NPs with specific purposes. In this review, we will first give a brief introduction on the basis of TOs as well as the action mechanisms of several typical TOs, and then describe the obstacles that prevent the clinical translation of TOs, followed by a comprehensive overview of the recent progresses on TOs delivery based on several various types of nanocarriers containing lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, porous nanoparticles, DNA/RNA nanoassembly, extracellular vesicles, and imaging-guided drug delivery nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhui Zhou
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Lihua Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Anhong Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Southern Medical University Affiliated Fengxian Hospital, Shanghai, 201499, China
| | - Xiangmeng Qu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory and Turku Bioscience Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Jun Yue
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
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Liu X, Mai J, Meng C, Spiegel AJ, Wei W, Shen H. Antitumor Immunity from Abdominal Flap-Embedded Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:203-212. [PMID: 35046655 PMCID: PMC8760982 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s341394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Mai
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chaoyang Meng
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aldona J Spiegel
- Institute for Reconstructive Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518036, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Correspondence: Haifa Shen Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USATel +1 713-441-7321 Email
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Xu X, Gan M, Ge Y, Yi C, Feng T, Liu M, Wu C, Chen X, Zhang W, Zhao L, Zou J. Multifaceted glycoadjuvant@AuNPs inhibits tumor metastasis through promoting T cell activation and remodeling tumor microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:376. [PMID: 34794428 PMCID: PMC8600715 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTARCT BACKGROUND: Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides has been used as adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy. However, unmodified CpG are not very efficient in clinical trials. Glucose, ligand of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), can promote DC maturation and antigen presentation, which is the first step of induction of adaptive immune responses. Therefore, conjugation of type B CpG DNA to glucose-containing glycopolymers may enhance the therapeutic effects against tumor by CpG-based vaccine. METHODS gCpG was developed by chemical conjugation of type B CpG DNA to glucose-containing glycopolymers. The therapeutic effects of gCpG-based vaccine were tested in both murine primary melanoma model and its metastasis model. RESULTS gCpG based tumor vaccine inhibited both primary and metastasis of melanoma in mice which was dependent on CD8 + T cells and IFNγ. In tumor microenvironment, gCpG treatment increased Th1 and CTL infiltration, increased M1 macrophages, decreased Tregs and MDSCs populations, and promoted inflammatory milieu with enhanced secretion of IFNγ and TNFα. The anti-tumor efficacy of gCpG was dramatically enhanced when combined with anti-PD1 immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that gCpG was a promising adjuvant for vaccine formulation by activating both tumor-specific Th1 and Tc1 responses, and regulating tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Xu
- College of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical Department, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minfeng Gan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youzhen Ge
- College of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical Department, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yi
- College of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical Department, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyun Feng
- College of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical Department, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Cenhao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixiang Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Medical Department, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Gebert J, Gelincik O, Oezcan-Wahlbrink M, Marshall JD, Hernandez-Sanchez A, Urban K, Long M, Cortes E, Tosti E, Katzenmaier EM, Song Y, Elsaadi A, Deng N, Vilar E, Fuchs V, Nelius N, Yuan YP, Ahadova A, Sei S, Shoemaker RH, Umar A, Wei L, Liu S, Bork P, Edelmann W, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Lipkin SM, Kloor M. Recurrent Frameshift Neoantigen Vaccine Elicits Protective Immunity With Reduced Tumor Burden and Improved Overall Survival in a Lynch Syndrome Mouse Model. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1288-1302.e13. [PMID: 34224739 PMCID: PMC10184299 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS DNA mismatch repair deficiency drives microsatellite instability (MSI). Cells with MSI accumulate numerous frameshift mutations. Frameshift mutations affecting cancer-related genes may promote tumorigenesis and, therefore, are shared among independently arising MSI tumors. Consequently, such recurrent frameshift mutations can give rise to shared immunogenic frameshift peptides (FSPs) that represent ideal candidates for a vaccine against MSI cancer. Pathogenic germline variants of mismatch repair genes cause Lynch syndrome (LS), a hereditary cancer syndrome affecting approximately 20-25 million individuals worldwide. Individuals with LS are at high risk of developing MSI cancer. Previously, we demonstrated safety and immunogenicity of an FSP-based vaccine in a phase I/IIa clinical trial in patients with a history of MSI colorectal cancer. However, the cancer-preventive effect of FSP vaccination in the scenario of LS has not yet been demonstrated. METHODS A genome-wide database of 488,235 mouse coding mononucleotide repeats was established, from which a set of candidates was selected based on repeat length, gene expression, and mutation frequency. In silico prediction, in vivo immunogenicity testing, and epitope mapping was used to identify candidates for FSP vaccination. RESULTS We identified 4 shared FSP neoantigens (Nacad [FSP-1], Maz [FSP-1], Senp6 [FSP-1], Xirp1 [FSP-1]) that induced CD4/CD8 T cell responses in naïve C57BL/6 mice. Using VCMsh2 mice, which have a conditional knockout of Msh2 in the intestinal tract and develop intestinal cancer, we showed vaccination with a combination of only 4 FSPs significantly increased FSP-specific adaptive immunity, reduced intestinal tumor burden, and prolonged overall survival. Combination of FSP vaccination with daily naproxen treatment potentiated immune response, delayed tumor growth, and prolonged survival even more effectively than FSP vaccination alone. CONCLUSIONS Our preclinical findings support a clinical strategy of recurrent FSP neoantigen vaccination for LS cancer immunoprevention.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/pharmacology
- Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/drug therapy
- Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/immunology
- Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/pathology
- Databases, Genetic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitopes
- Frameshift Mutation
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunogenetic Phenomena
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- MutS Homolog 2 Protein/genetics
- Naproxen/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Vaccination
- Vaccine Efficacy
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gebert
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Mine Oezcan-Wahlbrink
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jason D Marshall
- Cancer ImmunoPrevention Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Alejandro Hernandez-Sanchez
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Urban
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Long
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Eduardo Cortes
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Elena Tosti
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eva-Maria Katzenmaier
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yurong Song
- Cancer ImmunoPrevention Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ali Elsaadi
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Nan Deng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vera Fuchs
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Nelius
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan P Yuan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aysel Ahadova
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shizuko Sei
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert H Shoemaker
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Asad Umar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Peer Bork
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; Max Delbrück Centre for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Edelmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Yang J, Choi ES, You G, Mok H. Evaluation of Lipid-polyethylenimine Conjugates as Biocompatible Carriers of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides to Macrophages. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-020-0366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Synthetic multiepitope neoantigen DNA vaccine for personalized cancer immunotherapy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 37:102443. [PMID: 34303839 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neoantigen-based personalized vaccination has emerged as a viable method for tumor immunotherapy. Here we set up a DNA-based neoantigen vaccine platform with comprehensive identification of individual somatic mutations using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-seq, bioinformatic prediction of neo-epitopes, dendritic cell (DC)-based efficacy prevalidation of vaccine candidates, optimization of the DNA vaccine and its nanocarrier and adjuvant, and preparation of a liposome-encapsulated multiepitope DNA vaccine. The DNA vaccine was efficiently uptaken by DCs and induced effective immune response against mouse melanoma cells, leading to significant inhibition of melanoma tumor growth and reduction of lung metastasis in a mouse model. Numerous intratumoral infiltrated CD8+ T-cells with specific in vitro killing ability towards melanoma cells were identified. Our study offers evidence that a multiepitope neoantigen DNA vaccine in a nanocarrier can be exploited for personalized tumor immunotherapy and as a reliable prevalidation approach for rapid enrichment of effective neoantigens.
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Ex vivo dendritic cell-based (DC) vaccine pulsed with a low dose of liposomal antigen and CpG-ODN improved PD-1 blockade immunotherapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14661. [PMID: 34282215 PMCID: PMC8290007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of pre-existing tumor infiltrated T cells resulting in resistance to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade therapies can be solved by combining with anti-cancer vaccines and CpG-ODN in increasing T cell expansion and infiltration. Therefore, we prepared an ex vivo dendritic cell-based (DC) vaccine pulsed with a low dose of either liposomal or non-liposomal gp100 antigen (2.8 µg) plus CpG-ODN (800 ng) formulations and evaluated its anti-tumor activity in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy. Our results showed a combination of liposomal peptide plus CpG-ODN pulsed DC with anti-PD-1 antibody was more efficacious, as evidenced by a significant increase in Teff/Treg TILs with a marked fourfold elevation of IFN-γ expression level in the tumor site of treated mice which reversed resistance to PD-1 blockade in a CD8 T cell-dependent manner. Furthermore, this combination also led to a remarkable tumor remission and prolonged survival rate in melanoma-bearing mice compared to non-liposomal peptide plus CpG-ODN or single-treated liposomal peptide formulations. Our results provide essential insights to devise combining regimens to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers even by a low dose of peptide and CpG-ODN.
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Shahryari A, Burtscher I, Nazari Z, Lickert H. Engineering Gene Therapy: Advances and Barriers. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shahryari
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research Helmholtz Zentrum München 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- School of Medicine Department of Human Genetics Technical University of Munich Klinikum Rechts der Isar 81675 München Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research Helmholtz Zentrum München 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Stem Cell Research Center Golestan University of Medical Sciences Gorgan 49341‐74515 Iran
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research Helmholtz Zentrum München 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research Helmholtz Zentrum München 85764 Neuherberg Germany
| | - Zahra Nazari
- Department of Biology School of Basic Sciences Golestan University Gorgan 49361‐79142 Iran
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research Helmholtz Zentrum München 85764 Neuherberg Germany
- School of Medicine Department of Human Genetics Technical University of Munich Klinikum Rechts der Isar 81675 München Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research Helmholtz Zentrum München 85764 Neuherberg Germany
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34
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Iturriaga-Goyon E, Buentello-Volante B, Magaña-Guerrero FS, Garfias Y. Future Perspectives of Therapeutic, Diagnostic and Prognostic Aptamers in Eye Pathological Angiogenesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061455. [PMID: 34200613 PMCID: PMC8227682 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA oligonucleotides that are currently used in clinical trials due to their selectivity and specificity to bind small molecules such as proteins, peptides, viral particles, vitamins, metal ions and even whole cells. Aptamers are highly specific to their targets, they are smaller than antibodies and fragment antibodies, they can be easily conjugated to multiple surfaces and ions and controllable post-production modifications can be performed. Aptamers have been therapeutically used for age-related macular degeneration, cancer, thrombosis and inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to highlight the therapeutic, diagnostic and prognostic possibilities associated with aptamers, focusing on eye pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Iturriaga-Goyon
- MD/PhD (PECEM) Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Buentello-Volante
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
| | - Fátima Sofía Magaña-Guerrero
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
| | - Yonathan Garfias
- Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology, Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14, Mexico City 06800, Mexico; (B.B.-V.); (F.S.M.-G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Q, Guo Y, Zhu L, Liu X, Yang J, Li Y, Zhu X, Zhang C. A nucleic acid nanogel dually bears siRNA and CpG motifs for synergistic tumor immunotherapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4755-4764. [PMID: 34036978 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00531f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays a key role in restraining tumor progression. Therefore, enhancing immune functions using immune stimulants, such as unmethylated CpG oligonucleotides, has emerged as a promising strategy for antitumor therapy. However, poor cellular uptake of negatively charged oligonucleotides and M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages remain two major challenges for CpG-based immunotherapy. Herein, we construct a spherical nucleic acid (SNA)-like nanogel assembled by a CpG-grafted polycaprolactone (CpG-g-PCL) brush and an anti-STAT3 siRNA crosslinker for synergistic tumor immunotherapy. After accumulation at the tumor site, this dual siRNA- and CpG-bearing nanogel (CpGgel-siSTAT3) can efficiently trigger M1 type macrophage activation and deter its M2 polarization via block STAT3 signaling, increase the intratumor CD8+ T cell infiltration, and thus successfully restrain tumor growth. Our study demonstrates the new potential of a nucleic acid nanogel platform for the co-delivery of different therapeutic oligonucleotides and combinatorial CpG-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushuang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinlong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jiapei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Chuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Jiang D, Gao T, Liang S, Mu W, Fu S, Liu Y, Yang R, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhang N. Lymph Node Delivery Strategy Enables the Activation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Natural Killer Cells to Augment Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:22213-22224. [PMID: 33955746 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lymph nodes are the main sites for immune activation and surveillance. Effective delivery of immunomodulators into lymph nodes to trigger antitumor immunity is essential for cancer treatment. Here, we propose a lymph node delivery strategy to modulate the immune response by activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells simultaneously. Novel pH/redox dual-sensitive micelles were prepared using poly(l-histidine)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLH-PEG) as a skeleton, which can effectively deliver immunomodulators to the lymph nodes due to their suitable particle size. At 48 h after subcutaneous injection, the accumulation efficiency in lymph nodes increased 8.12-fold compared with the control group. Subsequently, Trp2/CpG-coloaded pH/redox dual-sensitive micelles (Trp2/CpG-NPs) acted on antigen-presenting cells, fully promoting CTL activation through dendritic cell antigen cross-presentation and macrophage repolarization. IL-15-loaded pH/redox dual-sensitive micelles (IL-15-NPs) were developed to activate the killing effect of NK cells by interacting with IL-15 receptors. In the tumor-bearing mice model, this lymph node delivery strategy showed significant antitumor efficiency and the tumor inhibition rate reached 93.76%. Meanwhile, the infiltration of CTLs and NK cells in tumor tissues increased, and the immunosuppressive microenvironment was relieved by the repolarization of macrophages from M2-type to M1-type. Overall, this study highlighted the potential of the lymph node delivery strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Weiwei Mu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shunli Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
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CpG-ODN induced antimicrobial immunity in neonatal chicks involves a substantial shift in serum metabolic profiles. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9028. [PMID: 33907214 PMCID: PMC8079682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic CpG-ODNs can promote antimicrobial immunity in neonatal chicks by enriching immune compartments and activating immune cells. Activated immune cells undergo profound metabolic changes to meet cellular biosynthesis and energy demands and facilitate the signaling processes. We hypothesize that CpG-ODNs induced immune activation can change the host’s metabolic demands in neonatal chicks. Here, we used NMR-based metabolomics to explore the potential of immuno-metabolic interactions in the orchestration of CpG-ODN-induced antimicrobial immunity. We administered CpG-ODNs to day-old broiler chicks via intrapulmonary (IPL) and intramuscular (IM) routes. A negative control group was administered IPL distilled water (DW). In each group (n = 60), chicks (n = 40) were challenged with a lethal dose of Escherichia coli, two days post-CpG-ODN administration. CpG-ODN administered chicks had significantly higher survival (P < 0.05), significantly lower cumulative clinical scores (P < 0.05), and lower bacterial loads (P < 0.05) compared to the DW control group. In parallel experiments, we compared NMR-based serum metabolomic profiles in neonatal chicks (n = 20/group, 24 h post-treatment) treated with IM versus IPL CpG-ODNs or distilled water (DW) control. Serum metabolomics revealed that IM administration of CpG-ODN resulted in a highly significant and consistent decrease in amino acids, purines, betaine, choline, acetate, and a slight decrease in glucose. IPL CpG-ODN treatment resulted in a similar decrease in purines and choline but less extensive decrease in amino acids, a stronger decrease in acetate, and a considerable increase in 2-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, formic acid and a mild increase in TCA cycle intermediates (all P < 0.05 after FDR adjustment). These perturbations in pathways associated with energy production, amino acid metabolism and nucleotide synthesis, most probably reflect increased uptake of nutrients to the cells, to support cell proliferation triggered by the innate immune response. Our study revealed for the first time that CpG-ODNs change the metabolomic landscape to establish antimicrobial immunity in neonatal chicks. The metabolites highlighted in the present study can help future targeted studies to better understand immunometabolic interactions and pinpoint the key molecules or pathways contributing to immunity.
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Gao J, Yuan X, Yuan J, Li L. Complete rejection of large established breast cancer by local immunochemotherapy with T cell activation against neoantigens. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3291-3302. [PMID: 33852044 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint blockage and adoptive transfer of CAR-T cells, have achieved historical successes for many kinds of malignancy. However, a minority of patients survive long term over 5 years without relapse, perhaps owing to tumor heterogeneity and potent immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment. Here, using an established mouse tumor model of triple-negative 4T1 breast cancer, we show that local immunochemotherapy triggers powerful local and systemic antitumor immunity. Paraneoplastic injection of CpG, α-OX40, and anthracycline completely eliminated both local and distant large established 4T1 breast cancer without obvious relapse. Analysis of the immune cells at tumor tissues, draining lymph nodes, and spleens revealed that the local treatment increased the infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in all three tissues and inhibited the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the spleen in a delayed response. Most importantly, this treatment triggered systemic T cell response against 4T1 tumors and some of their neoantigen epitopes as detected by IFN-γ ELISpot and intracellular cytokine assays in splenocytes. Furthermore, T cells showed specific cytotoxic activity against 4T1 tumor cells in vitro. In general, this local immunochemotherapy provides a new approach to target highly diverse neoantigens in various types of cancers without complicated and expensive antigen identification via next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Gao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Institute of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianlin Yuan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Institute of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Institute of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangping Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Research Center of Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Institute of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
CpG Oligonucleotides (ODN) are immunomodulatory synthetic oligonucleotides specifically designed to stimulate Toll-like receptor 9. TLR9 is expressed on human plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells and triggers an innate immune response characterized by the production of Th1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. This chapter reviews recent progress in understanding the mechanism of action of CpG ODN and provides an overview of human clinical trial results using CpG ODN to improve vaccines for the prevention/treatment of cancer, allergy, and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis M Klinman
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA.
- Leitman Klinman Consulting, Potomac, MD, USA.
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Ostanin AA, Leplina OY, Burakova EA, Tyrinova TV, Fokina AA, Proskurina AS, Bogachev SS, Stetsenko DA, Chernykh ER. Phosphate-modif ied CpG oligonucleotides induce in vitro maturation of human myeloid dendritic cells. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2021; 24:653-660. [PMID: 33659851 PMCID: PMC7716551 DOI: 10.18699/vj20.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in the immune response; therefore, the search for compounds that can effectively activate DCs is a needful goal. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) on the maturation and allostimulatory activity of myeloid DCs in comparison with other PAMP and DAMP molecules. For the research, we synthesized known CpG-ODN class C (SD-101 and D-SL03) containing thiophosphate internucleotide groups, and their original phosphate-modified analogues (SD-101M and D- SL03M) with mesylphosphoramide internucleotide groups (M = μ-modification). The effects of CpG-ODN and other activators were evaluated on DCs generated from blood monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and IFN-α (IFN-DC) or IL-4 (IL4-DC). Evaluation of the intracellular TLR-9 expression showed that both types of DCs (IFN-DC and IL4-DC) contained on average 52 and 80 % of TLR-9-positive cells, respectively. The CpG-ODNs studied enhanced the allostimulatory activity of IFN-DCs, and the effect of μ-modified CpG-ODNs was higher than that of CpG-ODNs with thiophosphate groups. The stimulating effect of CpG-ODN at a dose of 1.0 μg/ml was comparable (for D-SL03, D-SL03M, SD-101) with or exceeded (for SD-101M) the effect of LPS at a dose of 10 μg/ml. At the same time, IFN-DCs were characterized by greater sensitivity to the action of CpG-ODNs than IL4-DCs. The enhancement of DC allostimulatory activity in the presence of CpG-ODNs was associated with the induction of final DC maturation, which was confirmed by a significant decrease in the number of CD14+DC, an increase in mature CD83+DC and a trend towards an increase in CD86+DC. Interestingly, the characteristic ability of LPS to enhance the expression of the co-stimulatory molecule OX40L on DCs was revealed only for the μ-analogue SD-101M. In addition, CpG-ODNs (SD-101 and SD-101M) had a stimulatory effect on IFN-γ production comparable to the action of LPS. The data obtained indicate a stimulating effect of CpG-ODN on the maturation and allostimulatory activity of human myeloid DCs, which is more pronounced for μ-modified analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O Y Leplina
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E A Burakova
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T V Tyrinova
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Fokina
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - S S Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D A Stetsenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - E R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Jiang Y, Han Q, Zhao H, Zhang J. Promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation by hepatocellular carcinoma-educated macrophages through Wnt2b/β-catenin/c-Myc signaling and reprogramming glycolysis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:13. [PMID: 33407720 PMCID: PMC7788901 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumour microenvironment (TME) can promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some tumours can be suppressed by targeting Wnt2b in tumour cells. However, the role of Wnt2b in HCC is still unknown. In particular, the role of Wnt2b-mediated signal activation in macrophage polarization in the HCC microenvironment, and the regulatory effect between Wnt and glycolysis in TAMs has not been described. Methods The expression of Wnt2b in TAMs was detected by qPCR and immunofluorescence. Wnt2b/β-catenin interference in HCC-TAMs was performed by lentivirus carrying targeted shRNA or TLR9 agonist. Markers related to macrophage polarization and the changes of key glycolytic enzymes expression were detected by flow cytometry and qPCR. ECAR was analysed by Seahorse analyser. MTT assay, wound healing assay, western blotting were used to evaluate the promoting effect of different HCC-TAMs on the proliferation, migration and EMT of HCC in vitro. Tumour cells and different HCC-TAMs were injected via subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice to assess the effects of CpG ODN, Wnt2b, or β-catenin on HCC-TAMs in tumour growth in vivo. Results Polarization-promoting factors derived from HCC cells upregulated the expression of Wnt2b in macrophages, which promoted the polarization of TAMs to M2-like macrophages by activating Wnt2b/β-catenin/c-Myc signalling. Furthermore, this process was associated with the activation of glycolysis in HCC-TAMs. These HCC-TAMs could promote the development of EMT, proliferation, and migration of HCC. In addition to silencing Wnt2b or β-catenin expression, TLR9 agonist CpG ODN downregulated the level of glycolysis and inhibited the M2 polarization of HCC-TAMs, reversing the tumour-promoting effects of TAMs in vitro and vivo. Conclusions As a potential target for HCC therapy, Wnt2b may play an important regulatory role for the functions of TAMs in the TME. Moreover, the TLR9 agonist CpG ODN might act as a Wnt2b signal inhibitor and can potentially be employed for HCC therapy by disturbing Wnt2b/β-catenin/c-Myc and inhibiting glycolysis in HCC-TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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Gao T, Cen Q, Lei H. A review on development of MUC1-based cancer vaccine. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110888. [PMID: 33113416 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a transmembrane mucin glycoprotein expressed on the surface of almost all epithelial cells. Aberrantly glycosylated MUC1 is associated with cellular transformation from a normal to malignant phenotype in human cancers. Therefore, MUC1 is the major target for the design and development of cancer vaccines. MUC1-based cancer vaccines are a promising strategy for preventing cancer progression and metastasis. This review summarizes the most significant milestones achieved to date in the development of different MUC-1-based vaccine approaches in clinical trials. Further, it provides perspectives for future research that may promote clinical advances in infection-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gao
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Qianhong Cen
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Han Lei
- College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
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Abstract
Personalized cancer vaccines (PCVs) are reinvigorating vaccine strategies in cancer immunotherapy. In contrast to adoptive T-cell therapy and checkpoint blockade, the PCV strategy modulates the innate and adaptive immune systems with broader activation to redeploy antitumor immunity with individualized tumor-specific antigens (neoantigens). Following a sequential scheme of tumor biopsy, mutation analysis, and epitope prediction, the administration of neoantigens with synthetic long peptide (SLP) or mRNA formulations dramatically improves the population and activity of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Despite the promising prospect of PCVs, there is still great potential for optimizing prevaccination procedures and vaccine potency. In particular, the arduous development of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-based vaccines provides valuable experience and rational principles for augmenting vaccine potency which is expected to advance PCV through the design of adjuvants, delivery systems, and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) reversion since current personalized vaccination simply admixes antigens with adjuvants. Considering the broader application of TAA-based vaccine design, these two strategies complement each other and can lead to both personalized and universal therapeutic methods. Chemical strategies provide vast opportunities for (1) exploring novel adjuvants, including synthetic molecules and materials with optimizable activity, (2) constructing efficient and precise delivery systems to avoid systemic diffusion, improve biosafety, target secondary lymphoid organs, and enhance antigen presentation, and (3) combining bioengineering methods to innovate improvements in conventional vaccination, "smartly" re-educate the TME, and modulate antitumor immunity. As chemical strategies have proven versatility, reliability, and universality in the design of T cell- and B cell-based antitumor vaccines, the union of such numerous chemical methods in vaccine construction is expected to provide new vigor and vitality in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069 Beijing, China.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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Hager S, Fittler FJ, Wagner E, Bros M. Nucleic Acid-Based Approaches for Tumor Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:E2061. [PMID: 32917034 PMCID: PMC7564019 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the last decade, the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors proposed to boost the patients' anti-tumor immune response has proven the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches for tumor therapy. Furthermore, especially in the context of the development of biocompatible, cell type targeting nano-carriers, nucleic acid-based drugs aimed to initiate and to enhance anti-tumor responses have come of age. This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the therapeutic use of nucleic acids for cancer treatment on various levels, comprising (i) mRNA and DNA-based vaccines to be expressed by antigen presenting cells evoking sustained anti-tumor T cell responses, (ii) molecular adjuvants, (iii) strategies to inhibit/reprogram tumor-induced regulatory immune cells e.g., by RNA interference (RNAi), (iv) genetically tailored T cells and natural killer cells to directly recognize tumor antigens, and (v) killing of tumor cells, and reprograming of constituents of the tumor microenvironment by gene transfer and RNAi. Aside from further improvements of individual nucleic acid-based drugs, the major perspective for successful cancer therapy will be combination treatments employing conventional regimens as well as immunotherapeutics like checkpoint inhibitors and nucleic acid-based drugs, each acting on several levels to adequately counter-act tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hager
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | | | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
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Lin AY, Rink JS, Karmali R, Xu J, Kocherginsky M, Thaxton CS, Gordon LI. Tri-ethylene glycol modified class B and class C CpG conjugated gold nanoparticles for the treatment of lymphoma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 30:102290. [PMID: 32798731 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpGs) can induce an anti-tumor immune response, but also uniquely cause direct lymphoma cytotoxicity. To improve the delivery and efficacy of CpGs, we utilized a tri-ethylene modified CpG conjugated gold nanoparticle (tmCpG NP) platform that is compatible with both class B and class C CpGs, to treat various types of lymphoma, including diffuse large B cell lymphoma, high-grade lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma. Both classes of tmCpG NPs reduced viability of human and murine lymphoma cells via apoptosis compared with free CpGs, while having no toxic effects on dendritic cells. TmCpG NPs increased CD19, CD20, and OX40 expression on the lymphoma cells. Overall, we introduced a stable tmCpG NP design that has significant anti-lymphoma effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Yuh Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jonathan Scott Rink
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reem Karmali
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masha Kocherginsky
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Colby Shad Thaxton
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leo I Gordon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Qin L, Wang S, Dominguez D, Long A, Chen S, Fan J, Ahn J, Skakuj K, Huang Z, Lee A, Mirkin C, Zhang B. Development of Spherical Nucleic Acids for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1333. [PMID: 32733447 PMCID: PMC7362897 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the strategy of therapeutic vaccination for the treatment of prostate cancer has advanced to and is available in the clinic (Sipuleucel-T), the efficacy of such therapy remains limited. Here, we develop Immunostimulatory Spherical Nucleic Acid (IS-SNA) nanostructures comprised of CpG oligonucleotides as adjuvant and prostate cancer peptide antigens, and evaluate their antitumor efficacy in syngeneic mouse models of prostate cancer. IS-SNAs with the specific structural feature of presenting both antigen and adjuvant CpG on the surface (hybridized model (HM) SNAs) induce stronger cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) mediated antigen-specific killing of target cells than that for IS-SNAs with CpG on the surface and antigen encapsulated within the core (encapsulated model (EM) SNAs). Mechanistically, HM SNAs increase the co-delivery of CpG and antigen to dendritic cells over that for EM SNAs or admixtures of linear CpG and peptide, thereby improving cross-priming of antitumor CD8+ T cells. As a result, vaccination with HM SNAs leads to more effective antitumor immune responses in two prostate cancer models. These data demonstrate the importance of the structural positioning of peptide antigens together with adjuvants within IS-SNAs to the efficacy of IS-SNA-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shuya Wang
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Donye Dominguez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alan Long
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Siqi Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jie Fan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jihae Ahn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kacper Skakuj
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Ziyin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Andrew Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Chad Mirkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.,The International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Wu Y, Kelly SH, Sanchez-Perez L, Sampson JH, Collier JH. Comparative study of α-helical and β-sheet self-assembled peptide nanofiber vaccine platforms: influence of integrated T-cell epitopes. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:3522-3535. [PMID: 32452474 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00521e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several different self-assembling peptide systems that form nanofibers have been investigated as vaccine platforms, but design principles for adjusting the character of the immune responses they raise have yet to be well articulated. Here we compared the immune responses raised by two structurally dissimilar peptide nanofibers, one a β-sheet fibrillar system (Q11), and one an α-helical nanofiber system (Coil29), hypothesizing that integrated T-cell epitopes within the latter would promote T follicular helper (Tfh) cell engagement and lead to improved antibody titers and quality. Despite significantly different internal structures, nanofibers of the two peptides exhibited surprisingly similar nanoscale morphologies, and both were capable of raising strong antibody responses to conjugated peptide epitopes in mice without adjuvant. Both were minimally inflammatory, but as hypothesized Coil29 nanofibers elicited antibody responses with higher titers and avidities against a conjugated model epitope (OVA323-339) and a candidate peptide epitope for vaccination against S. aureus. Subsequent investigation indicated that Coil29 nanofibers possessed internal CD4+ T cell epitopes: whereas Q11 nanofibers required co-assembly of additional CD4+ T cell epitopes to be immunogenic, Coil29 nanofibers did not. Coil29 nanofibers also raised stronger germinal center B cell responses and follicular helper T cell (Tfh) responses relative to Q11 nanofibers, likely facilitating the improvement of the antibody response. These findings illustrate design strategies for improving humoral responses raised by self-assembled peptide nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoying Wu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Therapeutic ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant vaccine elicits effective anti-tumor immunity in the TRAMP-C1 mouse model of prostate cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1959-1972. [PMID: 32388678 PMCID: PMC7223769 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccine development has proven challenging with the exception of some virally induced cancers for which prophylactic vaccines exist. Currently, there is only one FDA approved vaccine for the treatment of prostate cancer and as such prostate cancer continues to present a significant unmet medical need. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of a therapeutic cancer vaccine that combines the ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant (ISCOMATRIX) with the Toll-like receptor 3 agonist, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), and Flt3L, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand. We employed the TRAMP-C1 (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate) model of prostate cancer and the self-protein mPAP (prostatic acid phosphatase) as the tumor antigen. ISCOMATRIX™-mPAP-Poly I:C-Flt3L was delivered in a therapeutic prime-boost regime that was consistently able to achieve complete tumor regression in 60% of animals treated and these tumor-free animals were protected upon rechallenge. Investigations into the underlying immunological mechanisms contributing to the effectiveness of this vaccine identified that both innate and adaptive responses are elicited and required. NK cells, CD4+ T cells and interferon-γ were all found to be critical for tumor control while tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells became disabled by an immunosuppressive microenvironment. There is potential for broader application of this cancer vaccine, as we have been able to demonstrate effectiveness in two additional cancer models; melanoma (B16-OVA) and a model of B cell lymphoma (Eµ-myc-GFP-OVA).
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Wang J, Shao L, Wu L, Ma W, Zheng Y, Hu C, Li F. Expression levels of a gene signature in hiPSC associated with lung adenocarcinoma stem cells and its capability in eliciting specific antitumor immune-response in a humanized mice model. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:1603-1612. [PMID: 32314522 PMCID: PMC7262930 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and recurrence. CSC‐based vaccination confers better protection in tumor cells. However, isolation and cultivation of CSCs are difficult. This study aimed to explore the similarities between CSCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Methods ALDH1+ cancer stem cells were isolated from lung adenocarcinoma patients and their gene expression patterns compared with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In addition, a tumor vaccine was developed using hiPSC and unmethylated cytosine‐guanine (CpG). Finally, the antitumor properties of the vaccine were evaluated in a humanized mouse model. Results Preimmunization of iPSC+CpG elicited stronger antigen presentation and cytotoxic T cell response which suppressed the growth of tumors. Adoptive transfer of spleen T cells from the vaccine preimmunized mice inhibited tumor growth in unvaccinated recipients without any side effects. Conclusions This study suggests a universal strategy for tumor therapy which simplifies future clinical procedures. Therefore, the application of hiPSC elicits tumor protective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Wang
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Shao
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liujing Wu
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chaofeng Hu
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Furong Li
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen key laboratory of stem cell research and clinical transformation, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral research station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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A Unique Gene-Silencing Approach, Using an Intelligent RNA Expression Device (iRed), Results in Minimal Immune Stimulation When Given by Local Intrapleural Injection in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071725. [PMID: 32283709 PMCID: PMC7181240 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We have recently introduced an intelligent RNA expression device (iRed), comprising the minimum essential components needed to transcribe short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in cells. Use of iRed efficiently produced shRNA molecules after transfection into cells and alleviated the innate immune stimulation following intravenous injection. Methods: To study the usefulness of iRed for local injection, the engineered iRed encoding luciferase shRNA (Luc iRed), complexed with cationic liposomes (Luc iRed/liposome-complexes), was intrapleurally injected into an orthotopic mesothelioma mouse model. Results: Luc iRed/liposome-complexes markedly suppressed the expression of a luciferase marker gene in pleurally disseminated mesothelioma cells. The suppressive efficiency was correlated with the expression level of shRNA within the mesothelioma cells. In addition, intrapleural injection of iRed/liposome-complexes did not induce IL-6 production in the pleural space and consequently in the blood compartment, although plasmid DNA (pDNA) or dsDNA (the natural construct for iRed) in the formulation did. Conclusion: Local delivery of iRed could augment the in vivo gene silencing effect without eliciting pronounced innate immune stimulation. Our results might hold promise for widespread utilization of iRed as an RNAi-based therapeutic for intracelial malignant cancers.
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