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Stefkovics Á, Albert F, Ligeti AS, Dávid B, Rudas S, Koltai J. Vaccination homophily in ego contact networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15515. [PMID: 38969667 PMCID: PMC11226437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy is an inevitable risk for societies as it contributes to outbreaks of diseases. Prior research suggests that vaccination decisions of individuals tend to spread within social networks, resulting in a tendency to vaccination homophily. The clustering of individuals resistant to vaccination can substantially make the threshold necessary to achieve herd immunity harder to reach. In this study, we examined the extent of vaccination homophily among social contacts and its association with vaccine uptake during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary using a contact diary approach in two cross-sectional surveys. The results indicate strong clustering among both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. The most powerful predictor of vaccine uptake was the perceived vaccination rate within the egos' social contact network. Vaccination homophily and the role of the interpersonal contact network in vaccine uptake were particularly pronounced in the networks of close relationships, including family, kinship, and strong social ties of the ego. Our findings have important implications for understanding COVID-19 spread dynamics by showing that the strong clustering of unvaccinated individuals posed a great risk in preventing the spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Stefkovics
- National Laboratory for Health Security, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- IQSS, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fruzsina Albert
- Institute for Sociology, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Sára Ligeti
- National Laboratory for Health Security, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Dávid
- Institute for Sociology, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Rudas
- National Laboratory for Health Security, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Júlia Koltai
- National Laboratory for Health Security, HUN-REN Centre for Social Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Social Research Methodology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Alie MS, Abebe GF, Negesse Y, Girma D, Adugna A. Pandemic fatigue, behavioral intention and predictors of COVID-19 vaccination among individuals living with HIV in Bench Sheko Zone, in Southern Ethiopia, application of TBP: a facility based cross sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1305777. [PMID: 38476495 PMCID: PMC10927957 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1305777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction People living with HIV often face inequalities and negative outcomes, which make them vulnerable. To protect this population and achieve herd immunity, it is crucial for COVID-19 vaccination efforts to prioritize and encourage vaccination among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, in Ethiopia, there is a lack of motivation in this regard. To tackle this issue, a study was conducted in the Bench Sheko Zone of Southwest Ethiopia. The study aimed to assess pandemic fatigue, behavioral intention to get vaccinated, and factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among PLWH in that region. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals living with HIV who were over 18 years old in Bench-Sheko Zone, located in Southwest Ethiopia. The study included a total of 590 participants from four ART healthcare facilities within the zone. The researchers utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine the predictors of intention to use preconception care. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine these predictors, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered as indicative of a significant association. The final analysis of the study involved the use of linear regression analysis, and the measure of association was presented as the standardized B coefficient following a multivariable logistic regression analysis. Result In the conducted study, the response rate was an impressive 98%. The researchers aimed to investigate the behavioral intention toward the COVID-19 vaccine, which was found to be 55.7%. The average age of the participants in the study was 34.65 ± 6.67. The study was the assessment of pandemic fatigue, which had a mean value of 17.22 ± 5.28. During the multivariate linear regression analysis, four predictor variables were identified. Among these, three variables, namely subjective norm, pandemic fatigue, and age, positively influenced the behavioral intention toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Comprehending these factors can assist healthcare professionals and policymakers in formulating precise interventions and strategies aimed at enhancing the acceptance and adoption of vaccines. Conclusion The study indicates that individuals living with HIV have shown lower vaccine intention compared to previous research. The study identifies subjective norm, pandemic control measures, income, and age as predictors of individuals' intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melsew Setegn Alie
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Gossa Fetene Abebe
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Yilkal Negesse
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Desalegn Girma
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Adugna
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
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Capasso M, Conner M, Caso D. Testing an extended theory of planned behaviour in predicting Covid-19 vaccination intention over the course of the pandemic: A three-wave repeated cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24826. [PMID: 38314287 PMCID: PMC10837554 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mass vaccination against Covid-19 has been recognised as the most effective strategy for overcoming the pandemic emergency and remains crucial in the ongoing efforts to mitigate the impact of the virus. The present study aimed to test the efficacy of an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model in predicting vaccination intention in three different phases of the pandemic. Understanding how psychological drivers of vaccine acceptance may have changed throughout the pandemic is essential for informing public health strategies and addressing vaccine hesitancy, even in the current post-pandemic context. Methods Using a repeated cross-sectional survey, we tested the hypothesised extended TPB model (intention, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, anticipated affective reactions, risk perception, trust in science, trust in institutions and religiosity) across three independent samples: before (T1: November-December 2020; N = 657), during (T2: March-May 2021; N = 818), and after (T3: February-March 2022; N = 605) the start of the vaccination campaign in Italy. Results Results indicated significant differences between the time points in all investigated variables, pointing to a general trend of improvement in vaccine acceptability levels at T2 compared to T1, and a worsening at T3 compared to the other two time points. Interestingly, net of these differences, a multi-group Structural Equation Modeling analysis supported the invariance, across time, of the structural relationships examined within the extended TPB. Conclusion Findings demonstrated the efficacy of the TPB in predicting Covid-19 vaccination intention at different stages of the pandemic, suggesting that the model, in its extended version, represents a valuable framework for designing interventions aimed at promoting vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capasso
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Daniela Caso
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
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Xie Z, Qalati SA, Limón MLS, Sulaiman MABA, Qureshi NA. Understanding factors influencing healthcare workers' intention towards the COVID-19 vaccine. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286794. [PMID: 37498835 PMCID: PMC10374054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of acquiring Coronavirus infection. In addition, they are role models for the general public concerning attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine. In addition, they play a critical role in successfully promoting practices aiming to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, this study broadly based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) explores the factors influencing HCWs' intention to be vaccinated. An online survey was administered using Google Form to collect data from HCWs working in the public health sector of Pakistan. The sample included 813 participants, two-thirds were female, and one-third were male. In addition, 41.5% of them were aged between 26-35 years, 32.6% had master's level education, 25% were nurses, and 57.7% of them were living in urban areas. Data analysis was run using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The research findings reveal the positive and significant effect of the TPB factors (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) and the extended factor of vaccine confidence on HCWs' intention to be vaccinated. This study's model explains 66.4% of variations in HCWs' intention to be vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyun Xie
- School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Thaker J, Richardson LM, Holmes DC. Audience segmentation analysis of public intentions to get a COVID-19 vaccine in Australia. PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:470-488. [PMID: 36546333 PMCID: PMC9790861 DOI: 10.1177/09636625221138494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
While previous studies provide broad categories of the public who intend to get a COVID-19 vaccine, few systematically segment and help understand and engage with distinct publics to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Using data from a national sample of the Australian public (N = 1054) and using measures primarily based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour, a latent class analysis of 16 items was undertaken to identify COVID-19 audience segments for potential future message targeting. We found five different segments of COVID-19 vaccine intentions: vaccine enthusiasts (28%), supporters (26%), socials (20%), hesitant (15%) and sceptics (10%). These five audience segments also differ on demographic variables and their level of trust in mainstream media, scientists and health experts, social media and family and friends. Understanding the COVID-19 vaccine attitudinal and information-seeking characteristics of these sub-publics will help inform appropriate messaging campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Thaker
- Jagadish Thaker, University of Auckland, 502 Room, Bldg 207, Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
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Aruldas K, Israel GJ, Johnson J, Titus A, Saxena M, Kaliappan SP, Ramesh RM, Walson JL, Means AR, Ajjampur SSR. Impact of adverse events during community-wide mass drug administration for soil-transmitted helminths on subsequent participation-a Theory of Planned Behaviour analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011148. [PMID: 36917597 PMCID: PMC10013912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiencing adverse events (AEs) during mass drug administration (MDA) could affect participation in future MDAs. This study aims to understand the potential influence of AEs during a community-wide MDA (cMDA) trial for soil-transmitted helminths (STH) in India on intention to participate in future cMDAs. METHODS This study was conducted using a multi-method quantitative and qualitative approach among 74 participants who experienced an AE during STH cMDA and the 12 participants who subsequently refused cMDA treatment of the ongoing DeWorm3 trial. Path analysis and thematic analysis guided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour, was used. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Among 74 individuals who reported an AE, 12% refused treatment in the cMDA immediately subsequent to their AE and 4% refused in all subsequent cMDAs. Of these 74 individuals, 59 (80%) completed a survey and eight participated in in-depth interviews. A positive attitude towards deworming and perceived ability to participate in cMDA (perceived behavioural control) were significant predictors of intention to participate in cMDA (p<0.05). A positive attitude towards cMDA was associated with caste (χ2 = 3.83, P = 0.05), particularly among the scheduled caste/scheduled tribe (SC/ST) (62%). Perceived behavioural control in cMDA participation was associated with occupation (χ2 = 5.02, P<0.05), with higher perceived control among those engaged in skilled occupations (78%). Intention to participate in subsequent cMDAs was associated with caste and family type (χ2 = 3.83, P = 0.05 and χ2 = 7.50, P<0.05 respectively) and was higher among SC/ST (62%) and those with extended families (67%). In-depth interviews demonstrated that perceived severe AEs may lead to treatment refusal in future, particularly if children were affected. CONCLUSIONS Intention to participate in future STH cMDAs was associated with caste (SC/ST) and family type (extended families). Therefore, community mobilization messages about potential AEs and their management may need to intentionally target non-SC/ST households, nuclear families, and those engaged in unskilled occupations to increase cMDA participation given the possibility of AEs occurring. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03014167, ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudha Aruldas
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Gideon John Israel
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Jabaselvi Johnson
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Angelin Titus
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Malvika Saxena
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Rohan Michael Ramesh
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Judd L. Walson
- Departments of Global Health, Medicine, Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- The DeWorm3 Project, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Arianna Rubin Means
- The DeWorm3 Project, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sitara S. R. Ajjampur
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- * E-mail:
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Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention among university students: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2023; 5:37-44. [PMID: 36588928 PMCID: PMC9792187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is crucial in controlling the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that triggered the pandemic, but herd immunity can only work with high vaccination coverage in the population. This study aims to measure the COVID-19 knowledge level and determine the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination intention among university students in Malaysia. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out with 1,274 Malaysian university students in July 2021. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to examine the relationships between the study variables. Results showed that the majority of university students had an acceptable level of knowledge of COVID-19. The knowledge, risk perception of COVID-19, social norms, and perceived benefit of COVID-19 vaccination were positively associated with vaccination intention. However, perceived trust in information sources of COVID-19 vaccination and the government's response to COVID-19 did not affect the university students' desire to receive the vaccination. These findings are essential for health policymakers and healthcare providers to implement evidence-based interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake among university students.
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Latkin C, Dayton L, Miller J, Eschliman E, Yang J, Jamison A, Kong X. Trusted information sources in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic predict vaccination uptake over one year later. Vaccine 2023; 41:573-580. [PMID: 36513535 PMCID: PMC9722679 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 vaccine uptake has been a major barrier to stopping the pandemic in many countries with vaccine access. This longitudinal study examined the capability to predict vaccine uptake from data collected early in the pandemic before vaccines were available. METHODS 493 US respondents completed online surveys both at baseline (March 2020) and wave 6 (June 2021), while 390 respondents completed baseline and wave 7 (November 2021) surveys. The baseline survey assessed trust in sources of COVID-19 information, social norms, perceived risk of COVID-19, skepticism about the pandemic, prevention behaviors, and conspiracy beliefs. Multivariable logistic models examined factors associated with the receipt of at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose at the two follow-ups. RESULTS In the adjusted model of vaccination uptake at wave 6, older age (aOR = 1.02, 95 %CI = 1.00-1.04) and greater income (aOR = 1.69, 95 %CI = 1.04-2.73) was associated with positive vaccination status. High trust in state health departments and mainstream news outlets at baseline were positively associated with vaccination at wave 6, while high trust in the Whitehouse (aOR = 0.42, 95 %CI = 0.24-0.74) and belief that China purposely spread the virus (aOR = 0.66, 95 %CI = 0.46-0.96) at baseline reduced the odds of vaccination. In the adjusted model of vaccination uptake at wave 7, increased age was associated with positive vaccination status, and Black race (compared to white) was associated with negative vaccination status. High trust in the CDC and mainstream news outlets at baseline were both associated with being vaccinated at wave 7, while high trust in the Whitehouse (aOR = 0.24, 95 %CI = 0.11-0.51) and belief that the virus was spread purposefully by China (aOR = 0.60, 95 %CI = 0.39-0.93) were negatively associated with vaccination. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that vaccine uptake could be predicted over a year earlier. Trust in specific sources of COVID-19 information were strong predictors, suggesting that future pandemic preparedness plans should include forums for news media, public health officials, and diverse political leaders to meet and develop coherent plans to communicate to the public early in a pandemic so that antivaccine attitudes do not flourish and become reinforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, United States,Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, United States,Corresponding author at: Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Lauren Dayton
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Jacob Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Evan Eschliman
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Jingyan Yang
- Department of Political Science, Columbia University, United States
| | - Amelia Jamison
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, United States
| | - Xiangrong Kong
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, United States
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Tostrud L, Thelen J, Palatnik A. Models of determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in non-pregnant and pregnant population: Review of current literature". Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2138047. [PMID: 36345571 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2138047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination has proven to be the most effective tool in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. While pregnant individuals are considered to be a high-risk population and are more likely to experience adverse effects from COVID-19, vaccination rates among pregnant individuals are significantly lower than in the general population. The Health Belief Model (HBM), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), 3C model, 5C model, and 5A model have been used to assess vaccination hesitancy behaviors. In this paper, we review the use of each of these models to address vaccine hesitancy, with a focus on the pregnant population and the COVID-19 vaccine. The HBM, TPB, 3C model, and 5C model have demonstrated great versatility in their ability to evaluate, explain, and modify vaccine hesitancy and behavior. Up to date, the HBM and 3C models appear to be the most effective models to study and address vaccination hesitancy within the pregnant persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Tostrud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Julia Thelen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Anna Palatnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Limbu YB, Gautam RK, Zhou W. Predicting Vaccination Intention against COVID-19 Using Theory of Planned Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122026. [PMID: 36560436 PMCID: PMC9783170 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study systematically analyzed the literature using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a theoretical framework to examine the influence of its constructs on vaccination intention against COVID-19. Quantitative studies were searched in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar following the PRISMA guidelines. The average rate of COVID-19 vaccination intention was 73.19%, ranging from 31% to 88.86%. Attitude had the strongest association with vaccination intention (r+ = 0.487, 95% CI: 0.368-0.590), followed by subjective norms (r+ = 0.409, 95% CI: 0.300-0.507), and perceived behavioral control (r+ = 0.286, 95% CI: 0.198-0.369). Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled effect sizes of TPB constructs on vaccination intention varied across geographic regions and study populations. Attitude had large effect sizes in Asia, Europe, and Oceania, especially among the adult general population, parents, and patients. Subjective norms had large effect sizes in Asia and Oceania, especially among parents and patients. Perceived behavioral control was the most dominant predictor of vaccination acceptance in Africa among patients. These findings suggest that TPB provides a useful framework for predicting intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Hence, public awareness and educational programs aimed at promoting COVID-19 vaccination intention should consider using TPB as a framework to achieve the goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam B. Limbu
- Feliciano School of Business, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave., Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +973-655-3361; Fax: +973-655-7673
| | - Rajesh K. Gautam
- Department of Anthropology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, University Road, Sagar 470003, MP, India
| | - Wencang Zhou
- Feliciano School of Business, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave., Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
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Predictors of unwillingness to receive COVID -19 vaccines among Ethiopian Medical students. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276857. [PMID: 36322591 PMCID: PMC9629586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Medical students are among the potential risky population for the transmission of COVID 19 infections; their willingness to receive COVID 19 vaccine is not well studied. Thus, this study assessed Predictors of Unwillingness to receive COVID -19 vaccines among Ethiopian Medical students. Methods From the 25th of May, 2020 to the 26th of June, 2021, an institution-based cross-sectional study was done at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital,On 313 medical students from each department and batch were chosen using a multistage sampling approach. A bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were done to identify the predictors of Unwillingness to receive COVID -19 vaccines. Figures, tables, and graphs were used to present the findings. The adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were provided. Results In this study 124 (40.7%) 95% CI (35.1,46.4) medical students were not willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. And also increased in the age of the student[AOR 0.43, 95% CI; (.29,.63)], Knowledge status about COVID 19 infection transmission, risk factors and control behavior[AOR 1.45, 95% CI; (1.14, 1.85)], perceived susceptibility to COVID 19 infection [AOR 1.70 (1.15, 2.51)], perceived severity of COVID 19 infection[AOR 1.26 (1.01, 1.57)], perceived benefit of COVID 19 vaccine [AOR .58(.38, .88)], positive attitude towards COVID 19 vaccines [AOR .46(.35, .62)], and confidence in safety and efficacy of the vaccine and public authorities decissin in the best interest of the community [AOR 1.93(1.24, 2.99)] were predictors of non-willingness to receive COVID 19 vaccine. Conclusion Non-willingness to accept the COVID 19 vaccine was predicted by student age, elements in the Health belief model such as anticipated susceptibility, severity, and benefit, and a positive attitude and trust in the vaccine.
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Ramírez-Correa P, Grandón E, Arenas-Gaitán J, Rondán-Cataluña J, Ramírez-Santana M. Acceptance of Social Networking Sites by Older People before and after COVID-19 Confinement: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study in Chile, Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13355. [PMID: 36293934 PMCID: PMC9602972 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the capacity of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to explain the intention to use social networking sites by older people in two time periods, before and after confinement due to the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the evolution of effects (paths) over time of TPB's determinants. Based on interviews from samples of 384 and 383 elderly Chilean adults collected before and after confinement, the evolution of the effects (paths) was analysed using the TPB model applying the PLS-SEM technique. The intention to use social networks and its association with three factors were evaluated: attitude toward the behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived control over the behaviour. The model explains the intention to use social networks by 27% before confinement, increasing its magnitude to 50% after confinement. After the period of confinement, their attitudes become more significant, their perceptions of control become less important, and social pressures remain permanent in predicting the behaviour. In conclusion, better access and greater use of social networks by older people during the lockdown period increased the predictive strength of the attitude towards these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Grandón
- Department of Information Systems, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Concepción 4081112, Chile
| | - Jorge Arenas-Gaitán
- Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Rondán-Cataluña
- Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Muriel Ramírez-Santana
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
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Chambon M, Kammeraad WG, van Harreveld F, Dalege J, Elberse JE, van der Maas HLJ. Understanding change in COVID-19 vaccination intention with network analysis of longitudinal data from Dutch adults. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:114. [PMID: 36182929 PMCID: PMC9526393 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research into the relationship between attitudes and vaccination intention is predominantly cross-sectional and therefore does not provide insight into directions of relations. During the COVID-19 vaccines development and enrollment phase, we studied the temporal dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination intention in relation to attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and the pandemic, vaccination in general, social norms and trust. The data are derived from a longitudinal survey study with Dutch participants from a research panel (N = 744; six measurements between December 2020 and May 2021; age 18–84 years [M = 53.32]) and analyzed with vector-autoregression network analyses. While cross-sectional results indicated that vaccination intention was relatively strongly related to attitudes toward the vaccines, results from temporal analyses showed that vaccination intention mainly predicted other vaccination-related variables and to a lesser extent was predicted by variables. We found a weak predictive effect from social norm to vaccination intention that was not robust. This study underlines the challenge of stimulating uptake of new vaccines developed during pandemics, and the importance of examining directions of effects in research into vaccination intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Chambon
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. .,Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wesley G Kammeraad
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frenk van Harreveld
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Dalege
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Janneke E Elberse
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Han L J van der Maas
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129-B, 1018 WS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Barattucci M, Pagliaro S, Ballone C, Teresi M, Consoli C, Garofalo A, De Giorgio A, Ramaci T. Trust in Science as a Possible Mediator between Different Antecedents and COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Intention: An Integration of Health Belief Model (HBM) and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071099. [PMID: 35891265 PMCID: PMC9320855 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the literature highlights, many health behavior theories try to explain both social and psychological variables influencing an individual’s health behavior. This study integrates insights relative to the antecedents of getting vaccinated from health behavior theories, particularly including the health belief model (HBM), the theory of planned behavior (TPB), and the different socio-demographic factors. Furthermore, we considered the possible mechanism of impact of distrust in science on individuals’ hesitance and resistance to taking up SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in subjects living in Italy. A correlational study of 1095 subjects enrolled when the national vaccination campaign for the third dose was launched. A questionnaire was used to measure: Italian Risk Perception; subjective norm; trust in science, trust in the vaccine; fear of COVID-19; fear of the vaccine; perceived knowledge about SARS-CoV-2; booster vaccination intention. Principal results show that: (i) the positive relationship provided by HBM theory between perceptions of SARS-CoV-2 risk (vulnerability and severity) and intention to have the vaccine, through fear of COVID-19; (ii) the positive relationship between subjective norms and both trust in science and vaccination intention; (iii) that trust in science plays a crucial role in predicting vaccination intention. Finally, the results provided indications about a positive relationship between subjective norms and fear of COVID-19, and a full mediation role of trust in science in the relationships between determinants of both TPA and HBM, fear of COVID-19, and vaccination intention. In conclusion, an individual’s intention (not) to get vaccinated requires the consideration of a plethora of socio-psychological factors. However, overall, trust in science appears to be a key determinant of vaccination intention. Additional strategies promoting healthy behavior are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Barattucci
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129 Bergamo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Pagliaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Chiara Ballone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Manuel Teresi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Studies ‘Gabriele d’Annunzio’, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.P.); (C.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Carlo Consoli
- Koinè, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychology and Educational Sciences, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alice Garofalo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.G.); (T.R.)
| | | | - Tiziana Ramaci
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy; (A.G.); (T.R.)
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15
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Kim K, Lee CJ, Ihm J, Kim Y. A comprehensive examination of association between belief in vaccine misinformation and vaccination intention in the COVID-19 context. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 27:495-509. [PMID: 36205037 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2130479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines is widely available in the public communication environment. Exposure to the misinformation may increase perceived risk of and evoke negative emotions toward COVID-19 vaccines that may eventually reduce COVID-19 vaccination intentions. The negative influences of misinformation may vary by aspects of individuals' social networks. Expanding the reasoned action approach, we proposed a comprehensive model to examine the roles of misinformation beliefs, perceived risk, fear, worry, and social networks in explaining COVID-19 vaccination intentions. We tested the model using survey data of South Korean adults, collected when the Korean government launched its nationwide vaccination program in April 2021 (n = 744). The results from our step-by-step path analyses indicated that COVID-19 vaccination intentions had positive direct associations with vaccination-specific factors such as attitudes toward, injunctive norms on, and perceived behavioral control over COVID-19 vaccination. Perceived risk was also directly linked to intentions. Among these factors, attitudes and injunctive norms were most strongly related to intentions. Misinformation beliefs and worry had negative indirect relationships with intentions via the mediation of these variables directly connected to intentions. The negative influences of misinformation beliefs were greater among respondents reported stronger tie strengths. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwanho Kim
- Department of Communication, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Chul-Joo Lee
- Department of Communication, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Jennifer Ihm
- School of Media and Communications, Kwangwoon University, Korea
| | - Yunjin Kim
- Department of Communication, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
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16
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Wong LP, Alias H, Siaw YL, Muslimin M, Lai LL, Lin Y, Hu Z. Intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster dose and associated factors in Malaysia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2078634. [PMID: 35648441 PMCID: PMC9481074 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2078634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to provide evidence of hesitancy in receiving the COVID-19 booster vaccine and associated factors in the vaccinated population that have completed a primary vaccination series. An anonymous web-based survey was disseminated to Malaysian adults aged ≥18 years via social media platforms. A total of 1010 responses were collected, of which 43.0% (95%CI 39.9–46.0) declared a definite willingness to receive a COVID-19 vaccine booster, 38.2% (95%CI 35.2–44.3) reported being somewhat willing and only 5.7% (95%CI 4.5–7.4) reported being definitely unwilling. Demographically younger participants, those of higher income, Chinese ethnicity and those from the central region reported significantly higher odds of a definite willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine booster compared to the reference group (somewhat willing/undecided/somewhat unwilling/definitely unwilling). Having no side effects with past COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a significantly higher odds of definite willingness (OR = 2.82, 95% CI 1.33–5.99). A lower (range 6–22) pandemic fatigue score (OR = 2.34, 95% CI 1.75–3.22) and higher (range 24–30) preventive practices score (OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.80–3.34) were also associated with higher odds of definite willingness. Regarding attitudes toward COVID-19 booster vaccine, having fewer concerns about the side effects of booster vaccination and the uncertain long-term safety of multiple COVID-19 vaccinations were found to create greater odds of a definite willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine booster. Findings from this study provided insights into demographic characteristics and important behavioral and attitudinal factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine booster hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Wong
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haridah Alias
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yan-Li Siaw
- Department of Educational Psychology & Counselling, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mustakiza Muslimin
- Department of Medical Science & Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, PICOMS International University College, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lee Lee Lai
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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17
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Okamoto Y, Hiyama T, Miyake Y, Yoshino A, Miyauchi S, Tanaka J. Attitudes and Behavior toward COVID-19 Vaccination in Japanese University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060863. [PMID: 35746471 PMCID: PMC9227836 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is said that safe and effective vaccination is an important tool to end the COVID-19 pandemic. However, recent studies have reported hesitation, especially in young adults. Promoting the vaccination of university students, who represent the young adults, will lead to infection prevention measures. The purpose of this study was to clarify to compare the vaccination rates, attitudes toward vaccines, and post-vaccination behavior of students and faculty members in order to understand the actual situation of young population. Methods: We conducted large-scale vaccination of Hiroshima University from 21 June to 18 September 2021. This cross-sectional survey was conducted via e-mail from 27 September to 3 October 2021. Results: The number of second inoculations was 10,833 /14,154 students (76.5%), and 2240/2583 staff members (86.7%). Regarding the impressions after vaccination, the most common answer was “I was able to prevent worsening of the disease even if I was infected”. Many students answered that their range of activities had expanded after vaccination. However, many students (n = 1799, 87.8%) answered as having “no change after vaccination” regarding infection prevention. Conclusion: The high vaccination rate in this survey was thought to be due to the increased sense of security and confidence in the vaccine. The fact that young adults who perform a wide range of activities are careful about infection prevention may be one of the factors that prevents the explosive spread of infection in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Okamoto
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-city, Hiroshima 739-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.M.); (A.Y.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Toru Hiyama
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-city, Hiroshima 739-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.M.); (A.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Yoshie Miyake
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-city, Hiroshima 739-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.M.); (A.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Atsuo Yoshino
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-city, Hiroshima 739-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.M.); (A.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Shunsuke Miyauchi
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima-city, Hiroshima 739-8514, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.M.); (A.Y.); (S.M.)
| | - Junko Tanaka
- Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
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18
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Carey JM, Keirns T, Loewen PJ, Merkley E, Nyhan B, Phillips JB, Rees JR, Reifler J. Minimal effects from injunctive norm and contentiousness treatments on COVID-19 vaccine intentions: evidence from 3 countries. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac031. [PMID: 36713316 PMCID: PMC9802041 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Does information about how other people feel about COVID-19 vaccination affect immunization intentions? We conducted preregistered survey experiments in Great Britain (5,456 respondents across 3 survey waves from September 2020 to February 2021), Canada (1,315 respondents in February 2021), and the state of New Hampshire in the United States (1,315 respondents in January 2021). The experiments examine the effects of providing accurate public opinion information to people about either public support for COVID-19 vaccination (an injunctive norm) or public beliefs that the issue is contentious. Across all 3 countries, exposure to this information had minimal effects on vaccination intentions even among people who previously held inaccurate beliefs about support for COVID-19 vaccination or its perceived contentiousness. These results suggest that providing information on public opinion about COVID vaccination has limited additional effect on people's behavioral intentions when public discussion of vaccine uptake and intentions is highly salient.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Carey
- Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Tracy Keirns
- UNH Survey Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03823, USA
| | - Peter John Loewen
- Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Eric Merkley
- Department of Political Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Brendan Nyhan
- Department of Government, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Judy R Rees
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Jason Reifler
- Department of Politics, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
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19
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Liu Y, Ma Q, Liu H, Guo Z. Public attitudes and influencing factors toward COVID-19 vaccination for adolescents/children: a scoping review. Public Health 2022; 205:169-181. [PMID: 35303534 PMCID: PMC8825307 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically clarify attitudes and influencing factors of the public toward COVID-19 vaccination for children or adolescents. STUDY DESIGN This was a scoping review. METHODS This scoping review screened, included, sorted, and analyzed relevant studies on COVID-19 vaccination for children or adolescents before December 31, 2021, in databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Wiley. RESULTS A total of 34 studies were included. The results showed that the public's acceptance rate toward COVID-19 vaccination for children or adolescents ranged from 4.9% (southeast Nigerian mothers) to 91% (Brazilian parents). Parents' or adolescents' age, gender, education level, and cognition and behavior characteristics for the vaccines were the central factors affecting vaccination. The vaccine's safety, effectiveness, and potential side-effects were the main reasons affecting vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Realizing current public attitudes of COVID-19 vaccination for adolescents or children can effectively develop intervention measures and control the pandemic as soon as possible through herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Q Ma
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - H Liu
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Z Guo
- School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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20
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The End of the Elimination Strategy: Decisive Factors towards Sustainable Management of COVID-19 in New Zealand. EPIDEMIOLGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 3:135-147. [PMID: 36417272 PMCID: PMC9620908 DOI: 10.3390/epidemiologia3010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand has long been praised for the effectiveness of its COVID-19 elimination strategy. It resulted in fewer COVID-19-related deaths, better economic recovery, and less stringent policy measures within its borders compared with other OECD countries, which opted for mitigation or suppression. However, since September 2021, the rising number of infections has not been contained anymore by the contact tracing and self-isolation system in place and the government has shifted towards a policy strategy similar to suppression to manage the crisis. In this case study, we analyse the factors that led the government to switch policy and discuss why elimination became unsustainable to manage the COVID-19 epidemic in New Zealand. Results showed that the socioeconomic and political factors, along with the appearance of new variants and a delayed vaccination program, were accountable for the switch in strategy. This switch allows the country to better adapt to the evolving nature of the disease and to address the social and economic repercussions of the first year of measures. Our conclusion does not disregard elimination as an appropriate initial strategy to contain this pandemic in the absence of a vaccine or treatment, but rather suggests that borders cannot remain closed for long periods of time without creating social, economical, and political issues.
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21
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Maciuszek J, Polak M, Stasiuk K. Declared Intention (Not) to Be Vaccinated against COVID-19, and Actual Behavior—The Longitudinal Study in the Polish Sample. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10020147. [PMID: 35214606 PMCID: PMC8879003 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS: The aim of the study was to investigate the relation between declared intention to get/not get vaccinated against COVID-19, prior to the start of the global vaccination program, and actual vaccine uptake. Moreover, reasons for getting vaccinated or rejecting it were measured along with declared intent and behavior. METHODS: Within a longitudinal design, a representative sample of 918 Polish people was surveyed in February 2021 and August 2021. In February 2021, participants were asked about their intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and the reasons behind it. In August 2021, the same group was asked about having been vaccinated, along with the reasons. RESULTS: A significant pro-vaccine shift from declared intent to behavior was observed, with many participants turning away from being anti-vaccine or undecided and getting vaccinated. Significant correlations with attitudes toward general mandatory vaccination of children were found. Increased support for anti-vaccine arguments was seen over time in the unvaccinated sample, and decreased support for pro-vaccine arguments was seen in the vaccinated sample. Several key arguments for and against vaccination were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Declared attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination is not fully consistent with vaccination behavior. Pro-vaccine changes in attitudes of previously anti-vaccine and undecided individuals indicate that these groups may be influenced to potentially accept the COVID-19 vaccination over time.
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