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Oberste M, Asenova T, Ernst A, Shah-Hosseini K, Schnörch N, Buess M, Rosenberger KD, Kossow A, Dewald F, Neuhann F, Hellmich M. Results of the Cologne Corona Surveillance (CoCoS) project- a cross-sectional study: survey data on risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and moderate-to-severe course in primarily immunized adults. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:548. [PMID: 38383381 PMCID: PMC10882740 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination has been a crucial strategy for mitigating transmission and disease severity. However, vaccine-effectiveness may be influenced by various factors, including booster vaccination, as well as personal factors such as age, sex, BMI, smoking, and comorbidities. To investigate the potential effects of these factors on SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity, we analyzed data from the third round of the Cologne Corona Surveillance (CoCoS) project, a large cross-sectional survey. METHODS The study was conducted mid-February to mid-March 2022 in Cologne, Germany. A random sample of 10,000 residents aged 18 years and older were invited to participate in an online survey. Information on participants' demographics (age, sex), SARS-CoV-2 infections, vaccination status, smoking, and preexisting medical conditions were collected. The outcomes of the study were: (1) the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection despite vaccination (breakthrough infection) and (2) the occurrence of moderate-to-severe disease as a result of a breakthrough infection. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to investigate possible associations between the presence/absence of booster vaccination, personal factors and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Associations with moderate-to-severe infection were analyzed using the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model. RESULTS A sample of 2,991 residents responded to the questionnaire. A total of 2,623 primary immunized participants were included in the analysis of breakthrough infection and 2,618 in the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection severity after exclusions due to incomplete data. The multivariable results show that booster vaccination (HR = 0.613, 95%CI 0.415-0.823) and older age (HR = 0.974, 95%CI 0.966-0.981) were associated with a reduced hazard of breakthrough infection. Regarding the severity of breakthrough infection, older age was associated with a lower risk of moderate-to-severe breakthrough infection (HR = 0.962, 95%CI0.949-0.977). Female sex (HR = 2.570, 95%CI1.435-4.603), smoking (HR = 1.965, 95%CI1.147-3.367) and the presence of chronic lung disease (HR = 2.826, 95%CI1.465-5.450) were associated with an increased hazard of moderate-to-severe breakthrough infection. CONCLUSION The results provide a first indication of which factors may be associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection and moderate-to-severe course of infection despite vaccination. However, the retrospective nature of the study and risk of bias in the reporting of breakthrough infection severity limit the strength of the results. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS.de, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), Identifier: DRKS00024046, Registered on 25 February 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Oberste
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Teodora Asenova
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Angela Ernst
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kija Shah-Hosseini
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadja Schnörch
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Daniela Rosenberger
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annelene Kossow
- Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital of Muenster, University Muenster, Robert-Koch-Straße 49, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Felix Dewald
- Institute of Virology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Fürst-Pückler-Straße 56, 50935, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Neuhann
- Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- School of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Computational Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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Osores PI, Vivacqua MN, Vazquez C, Marciano S, Giunta DH, Faccioli JL. Association Between Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Prevalent Use and COVID-19-Related Mortality: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 43:411-416. [PMID: 37683229 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/BACKGROUND Since the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many efforts have been made to prevent and to treat the disease. In this line, the anti-inflammatory effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) as alternatives for treating chronic inflammatory diseases has been studied. There is previous evidence of the usefulness of these drugs for reducing COVID-19 impact. METHODS/PROCEDURES We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study of adult patients with a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for COVID-19, evaluating the association between SSRI use and in-hospital mortality. FINDINGS/RESULTS Of 1689 included patients, 182 (10.8%) were exposed to SSRI. A total of 291 patients died during the hospitalization, representing an in-hospital mortality of 17.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.4%-19.0%): 44 (24.2%) of the exposed to SSRIs versus 247 (16.4%) of those not exposed to SSRIs (crude odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.12-2.34; P = 0.009). No independent effect of SSRIs on in-hospital mortality was found when applying either the inverse probability of treatment weighting (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.71-1.89; P = 0.56) or with conventional multivariable analysis 0.81 (95 % CI: 0.28-2.31, P = 0.69). IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS In the present retrospective study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, prior use of SSRIs did not reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sebastián Marciano
- Department or Research, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Hernán Giunta
- Department or Research, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Maeda M, Murata F, Fukuda H. Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Omicron era: The Vaccine Effectiveness, Networking, and Universal Safety (VENUS) study. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 134:200-206. [PMID: 37356650 PMCID: PMC10289267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination on reducing household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among common household types in Japan during the Omicron variant wave. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted using vaccination records, COVID-19 infection data, and resident registry data from two Japanese municipalities. Households that experienced their first COVID-19 case between January and April 2022 were categorized into two groups according to the presence/absence of children aged ≤11 years. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for household transmission according to the vaccination statuses of primary cases and household contacts. RESULTS We analyzed 7326 households with 17,586 contacts. In all households, the OR for household transmission was <0.6 (P <0.001) when the primary case and/or contact were vaccinated. In households with children aged ≤11 years, the OR was 0.71 (P <0.001) when only the contact was vaccinated. In households with all members aged ≥12 years, the OR was <0.5 (P <0.001) when the primary case and/or contact were vaccinated. CONCLUSION COVID-19 vaccination effectively reduced household transmission in Japan during the Omicron variant wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Maeda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumiko Murata
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Fukuda
- Department of Health Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Ale BJM, Slater DH, Hartford DND. The ethical dilemmas of risky decisions. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:219-233. [PMID: 35104913 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Even in a pandemic there seem to be inherent conflicts of interest between the individual and societal consequences of remedial actions and strategies. Actions taken in the sole interests of patients, as required by the Hippocratic oath, can have broadly inconvenient economic implications for the State. ("Average" benefits for a population can impose individual inconveniences for the vulnerable.). Understandably these decisions are not normally made explicitly and transparently by governments. This leads to seemingly illogical and inhumane strategies which are not understood and hence mistrusted and often ignored by the public. Vaccination sentiments on social media are often an unwanted symptom of this dilemma. This article outlines and discusses a number of examples of such situations with a focus on ethical aspects. It concludes that each case must be considered individually as to the issues that need to be weighed in these difficult decisions; and that there are no clear and universally acceptable ethical solutions. What can be learned from the COVID-19 crisis is that short term utilitarianism has consequences that in the eyes of the population are unacceptable. This lesson seems equally valid for cost benefit evaluations regarding other risks, such as from hazardous industries, flood defenses, and air transport. Decisionmakers and politicians can learn that persuasion only goes so far. In the end the people appear to prioritize in terms of deontology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J M Ale
- Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
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Robalo Q, De Mot L, Vandromme M, Van Goethem N, Gabrio A, Chung PYJ, Meurisse M, Catteau L, Thijs C, Blot K. Association between COVID-19 Primary Vaccination and Severe Disease Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant among Hospitalized Patients: A Belgian Retrospective Cohort Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010014. [PMID: 36679859 PMCID: PMC9866568 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate vaccine effectiveness against progression to severe COVID-19 (acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or death) and in-hospital death in a cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Mixed effects logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the association between receiving a primary COVID-19 vaccination schedule and severe outcomes after adjusting for patient, hospital, and vaccination characteristics. Additionally, the effects of the vaccine brands including mRNA vaccines mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2, and adenovirus-vector vaccines ChAdOx1 (AZ) and Ad26.COV2.S (J&J) were compared to each other. This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included 2493 COVID-19 patients hospitalized across 73 acute care hospitals in Belgium during the time period 15 August 2021-14 November 2021 when the Delta variant (B1.617.2) was predominant. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients that received a primary vaccination schedule had lower odds of progressing to severe disease (OR (95% CI); 0.48 (0.38; 0.60)) and in-hospital death (OR (95% CI); 0.49 (0.36; 0.65)) than unvaccinated patients. Among the vaccinated patients older than 75 years, mRNA vaccines and AZ seemed to confer similar protection, while one dose of J&J showed lower protection in this age category. In conclusion, a primary vaccination schedule protects against worsening of COVID-19 to severe outcomes among hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queeny Robalo
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Laurane De Mot
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathil Vandromme
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Natuurpunt Studie vzw, 2800 Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Goethem
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Gabrio
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pui Yan Jenny Chung
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marjan Meurisse
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Lucy Catteau
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carel Thijs
- Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Blot
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Ahmed MIM, Diepers P, Janke C, Plank M, Eser TM, Rubio-Acero R, Fuchs A, Baranov O, Castelletti N, Kroidl I, Olbrich L, Bauer B, Wang D, Prelog M, Liese JG, Reinkemeyer C, Hoelscher M, Steininger P, Überla K, Wieser A, Geldmacher C. Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1026473. [PMID: 36582222 PMCID: PMC9792977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1026473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections frequently occurred even before the emergence of Omicron variants. Yet, relatively little is known about the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody response dynamics upon breakthrough infection. We have therefore studied the dynamics of CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike and the non-encoded Nucleocapsid antigens during breakthrough infections (BTI, n=24) and in unvaccinated control infections (non-BTI, n=30). Subjects with vaccine breakthrough infection had significantly higher CD4 and CD8 T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike during the first and third/fourth week after PCR diagnosis compared to non-vaccinated controls, respectively. In contrast, CD4 T cells targeting the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were of significantly lower magnitude in BTI as compared to non-BTI. Hence, previous vaccination was linked to enhanced T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike antigen, while responses against the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were significantly attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibraheem Mahmoud Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Paulina Diepers
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Janke
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Plank
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tabea M. Eser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Rubio-Acero
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Fuchs
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Baranov
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Noemi Castelletti
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Olbrich
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette Bauer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Danni Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- Pediatric Rheumatology/Special Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes G. Liese
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Reinkemeyer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hoelscher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Steininger
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
| | - Christof Geldmacher
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
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Book J, Broichhaus L, Grüne B, Nießen J, Wiesmüller GA, Joisten C, Kossow A. Adherence to stay-at-home orders: awareness, implementation and difficulties of officially ordered quarantine measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Cologne - a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063358. [PMID: 36323466 PMCID: PMC9638749 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the awareness, implementation and difficulty of behavioural recommendations and their correlates in officially ordered domestic isolation and quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Online retrospective cohort survey conducted from 12 December 2020 to 6 January 2021 as part of the Cologne-Corona Counselling and Support for Index and Contact Persons During the Quarantine Period study. SETTING Administrative area of the city of Cologne, Germany. PARTICIPANTS 3011 infected persons (IPs) and 5822 contacts over 16 years of age who were in officially ordered domestic isolation or quarantine between 28 February 2020 and 9 December 2020. Of these, 60.4% were women. OUTCOME MEASURES Self-developed scores were calculated based on responses about awareness and implementation of 19 behavioural recommendations to determine community-based and household-based adherence. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine factors influencing adherence. RESULTS The average adherence to all recommendations, including staying in a single room, keeping distance and wearing a mask, was 13.8±2.4 out of 15 points for community-based recommendations (CBRs) and 17.2±6.8 out of 25 points for household-based recommendations (HBRs). IPs were significantly more adherent to CBRs (14.3±2.0 points vs 13.7±2.6 points, p<0.001) and HBRs (18.2±6.7 points vs 16.5±6.8 points, p<0.001) than were contact persons. Among other factors, both status as an IP and being informed about the measures positively influenced participants' adherence. The linear regression analysis explained 6.6% and 14.4% (corr. R²) of the adherence to CBRs and HBRs. CONCLUSIONS Not all persons under official quarantine were aware of the relevant behavioural recommendations. This was especially true in cases where instructions were given for measures to be taken in one's own household. Due to the high transmission rates within households, HBRs should be communicated with particular emphasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Book
- Department of Infection Control and Environmental Hygiene, Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Uniclinic RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Broichhaus
- Department of Infection Control and Environmental Hygiene, Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Uniclinic RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Barbara Grüne
- Department of Infection Control and Environmental Hygiene, Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Nießen
- Department of Infection Control and Environmental Hygiene, Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gerhard A Wiesmüller
- Department of Infection Control and Environmental Hygiene, Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Uniclinic RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christine Joisten
- Department of Infection Control and Environmental Hygiene, Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Annelene Kossow
- Department of Infection Control and Environmental Hygiene, Cologne Health Authority, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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8
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Garcia-Knight M, Anglin K, Tassetto M, Lu S, Zhang A, Goldberg SA, Catching A, Davidson MC, Shak JR, Romero M, Pineda-Ramirez J, Diaz-Sanchez R, Rugart P, Donohue K, Massachi J, Sans HM, Djomaleu M, Mathur S, Servellita V, McIlwain D, Gaudiliere B, Chen J, Martinez EO, Tavs JM, Bronstone G, Weiss J, Watson JT, Briggs-Hagen M, Abedi GR, Rutherford GW, Deeks SG, Chiu C, Saydah S, Peluso MJ, Midgley CM, Martin JN, Andino R, Kelly JD. Infectious viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 Delta following vaccination: A longitudinal cohort study. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010802. [PMID: 36095030 PMCID: PMC9499220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness is not well understood. We compared longitudinal viral shedding dynamics in unvaccinated and fully vaccinated adults. SARS-CoV-2-infected adults were enrolled within 5 days of symptom onset and nasal specimens were self-collected daily for two weeks and intermittently for an additional two weeks. SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and infectious virus were analyzed relative to symptom onset stratified by vaccination status. We tested 1080 nasal specimens from 52 unvaccinated adults enrolled in the pre-Delta period and 32 fully vaccinated adults with predominantly Delta infections. While we observed no differences by vaccination status in maximum RNA levels, maximum infectious titers and the median duration of viral RNA shedding, the rate of decay from the maximum RNA load was faster among vaccinated; maximum infectious titers and maximum RNA levels were highly correlated. Furthermore, amongst participants with infectious virus, median duration of infectious virus detection was reduced from 7.5 days (IQR: 6.0-9.0) in unvaccinated participants to 6 days (IQR: 5.0-8.0) in those vaccinated (P = 0.02). Accordingly, the odds of shedding infectious virus from days 6 to 12 post-onset were lower among vaccinated participants than unvaccinated participants (OR 0.42 95% CI 0.19-0.89). These results indicate that vaccination had reduced the probability of shedding infectious virus after 5 days from symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Garcia-Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, California, United States of America
| | - Khamal Anglin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michel Tassetto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, California, United States of America
| | - Scott Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Amethyst Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Adam Catching
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle C. Davidson
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua R. Shak
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mariela Romero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jesus Pineda-Ramirez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ruth Diaz-Sanchez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paulina Rugart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Donohue
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Massachi
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hannah M. Sans
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Manuella Djomaleu
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sujata Mathur
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Venice Servellita
- Division of Infectious Diseases, UCSF, California, United States of America
| | - David McIlwain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Brice Gaudiliere
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Enrique O. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M. Tavs
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Grace Bronstone
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jacob Weiss
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - John T. Watson
- Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Melissa Briggs-Hagen
- Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Glen R. Abedi
- Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - George W. Rutherford
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, UCSF, California, United States of America
| | - Charles Chiu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, UCSF, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon Saydah
- Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Peluso
- Division of HIV, Infectious Disease, and Global Medicine, UCSF, California, United States of America
| | - Claire M. Midgley
- Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey N. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Raul Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UCSF, California, United States of America
| | - J. Daniel Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- F.I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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9
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Deng B, Liu W, Guo Z, Luo L, Yang T, Huang J, Abudunaibi B, Zhang Y, Ouyang X, Wang D, Su C, Chen T. Natural history and cycle threshold values analysis of COVID-19 in Xiamen City, China. Infect Dis Model 2022; 7:486-497. [PMID: 35968394 PMCID: PMC9361627 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study elaborated the natural history parameters of Delta variant, explored the differences in detection cycle thresholds (Ct) among cases. Methods Natural history parameters were calculated based on the different onset time and exposure time of the cases. Intergenerational relationships between generations of cases were calculated. Differences in Ct values of cases by gender, age, and mode of detection were analyzed statistically to assess the detoxification capacity of cases. Results The median incubation period was 4 days; the detection time for cases decreased from 25 to 7 h as the outbreak continued. The average generation time (GT), time interval between transmission generations (TG) and serial interval (SI) were 3.6 ± 2.6 days, 1.67 ± 2.11 days and 1.7 ± 3.0 days. Among the Ct values, we found little differences in testing across companies, but there were some differences in the gender of detected genes. The Ct values continuous to decreased with age, but increased when the age was greater than 60. Conclusion This epidemic was started from aggregation of factories. It is more reasonable to use SI to calculate the effective reproduction number and the time-varying reproduction number. And the analysis of Ct values can improve the positive detection rate and improve prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weikang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhinan Guo
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Buasiyamu Abudunaibi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidun Zhang
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Ouyang
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Demeng Wang
- Xiamen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Su
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianmu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ahmad A, Fawaz MAM, Aisha A. A comparative overview of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern. LE INFEZIONI IN MEDICINA 2022; 30:328-343. [PMID: 36148164 PMCID: PMC9448317 DOI: 10.53854/liim-3003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus outbreak began in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread to practically every corner of the globe, killing millions of people. SARS-CoV-2 produced numerous variants, five of which have been identified as variants of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron). We conducted a comparative epidemiological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and its VOC in this paper. We compared the effects of various spike (S) protein mutations in SARS-CoV-2 and its VOC on transmissibility, illness severity, hospitalization risk, fatality rate, immunological evasion, and vaccine efficacy in this review. We also looked into the clinical characteristics of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and its VOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Mullah Fawaz
- Department of Microbiology, Aware Medical Education and Research Institute (Aware Group), Shantivanam, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arafeen Aisha
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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He X, Su J, Ma Y, Zhang W, Tang S. A comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945930. [PMID: 36090988 PMCID: PMC9459021 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is urgently needed to update the comprehensive analysis about the efficacy or effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines especially during the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants. In general, the current COVID-19 vaccines showed a cumulative efficacy of 66.4%, 79.7%, and 93.6% to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatic COVID-19, and severe COVID-19, respectively, but could not prevent the asymptomatic infection of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the current COVID-19 vaccines could effectively prevent COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant although the incidence of breakthrough infection of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant increased when the intervals post full vaccination extended, suggesting the waning effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, one-dose booster immunization showed an effectiveness of 74.5% to prevent COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant. However, current COVID-19 vaccines could not prevent the infection of Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529 and had about 50% effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 caused by Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529. Furthermore, the effectiveness was 87.6% and 90.1% to prevent severe COVID-19 and COVID-19-related death caused by Omicron sub-lineage BA.2, respectively, while one-dose booster immunization could enhance the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines to prevent the infection and COVID-19 caused by Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529 and sub-lineage BA.2. Two-dose booster immunization showed an increased effectiveness of 81.8% against severe COVID-19 caused by the Omicron sub-lineage BA.1.1.529 variant compared with one-dose booster immunization. The effectiveness of the booster immunization with RNA-based vaccine BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 was over 75% against severe COVID-19 more than 17 weeks after booster immunization whereas the heterogenous booster immunization showed better effectiveness than homologous booster immunization. In summary, the current COVID-19 vaccines could effectively protect COVID-19 caused by Delta and Omicron variants but was less effective against Omicron variant infection. One-dose booster immunization could enhance protection capability, and two-dose booster immunization could provide additional protection against severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Evidence-Based Medicine, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Jiao Su
- Department of biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Yu’nan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Shixing Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Vaccination and Transmission Risk during the Outbreak of B.1.1.529 (Omicron). Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071003. [PMID: 35891167 PMCID: PMC9322361 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its first description in November 2021, the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern Omicron (B.1.1.529) has emerged as the dominant strain in the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, it remains unclear if boosted vaccination protects against transmission. Using data from the largest German Public Health Department, Cologne, we analyzed breakthrough infections in booster-vaccinated infected persons (IP; booster-vaccinated group (BVG); n = 202) and fully vaccinated, not boosted SARS-COV2-positive patients (>3 month after receiving the second dose; unboosted, fully vaccinated group (FVG); n = 202) to close contacts compared to an age- and sex-matched unvaccinated control group (UCG; n = 202). On average, IPs had 0.42 ± 0.52 infected contacts in relation to the total number of contacts in the BVG vs. 0.57 ± 0.44 in the FVG vs. 0.56 ± 0.43 in the UVG (p = 0.054). In the median test, pairwise comparison revealed a significant difference between the BVG and both other groups; no difference was found between the fully vaccinated and the unvaccinated control group. Now, these findings must be verified in larger samples, considering the role of Omicron subvariants and the vaccination status of the contact person. However, the importance of the booster vaccination in breaking possible chains of infection in the immune escape variant Omicron is obvious.
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13
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The Provision of Dental Care to Post COVID-19 Survivors. A Concise Review. Int Dent J 2022; 72:421-435. [PMID: 35752482 PMCID: PMC9156960 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims It has been reported that there are a certain percentage of COVID-19 patients who recover but suffer from devastating permanent organ damage or failure. Others suffer from long Covid syndrome, with prolonged symptoms that persist more than 12 weeks. However, there is scarcity of literature regarding the provision of dental treatment for these two groups of patients. This manuscript reviews the impact of multi-system involvement on the provision of dental care to these patients. Materials and methods A search of literature was done in PubMed-Medline and Scopus databases to review the available literature on COVID-19 impacts on pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematologic, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurologic systems and respective management in dental clinical settings. Results The literature search from PubMed-Medline and Scopus databases resulted in 74 salient articles that contributed to the concise review on COVID-19 effects on pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematologic, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurologic systems and/or its respective dental management recommendations. Conclusions This concise review covers the management of post COVID-19 patients with pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematologic, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, or neurologic system complications.
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14
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Sikora D, Rzymski P. COVID-19 Vaccination and Rates of Infections, Hospitalizations, ICU Admissions, and Deaths in the European Economic Area during Autumn 2021 Wave of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:437. [PMID: 35335069 PMCID: PMC8955952 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccination campaigns were met with a varying level of vaccine hesitancy in Europe. We analyzed the potential relationships between COVID-19 vaccine coverage in different countries of the European Economic Area and rates of infection, hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units (ICU), and deaths during the autumn 2021 SARS-CoV-2 wave (September-December). Significant negative correlations between infection rates and the percentage of fully vaccinated individuals were found during September, October, and November, but not December. The loss of this protective effect in December is likely due to the emergence of the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, better adapted to evade vaccine-induced humoral immunity. For every considered month, the negative linear associations between the vaccine coverage and mean number of hospitalizations (r= -0.61 to -0.88), the mean number of ICU admissions (r= -0.62 to -0.81), and death rate (r= -0.64 to -0.84) were observed. The results highlight that vaccines provided significant benefits during autumn 2021. The vaccination of unvaccinated individuals should remain the primary strategy to decrease the hospital overloads, severe consequences of COVID-19, and deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Sikora
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Fredry St. 10, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland;
- Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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15
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Nagao M, Matsumura Y, Yamamoto M, Shinohara K, Yukawa S, Noguchi T, Tsuchido Y, Ikeda T. Analysis of a city-wide COVID-19 prevention strategy for aged-care facilities during third and fifth waves of COVID-19 in Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:690-695. [PMID: 35262286 PMCID: PMC9111714 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2020, clusters occurred frequently in aged-care facilities (ACFs), which put pressure on the medical field in Japan. Based on this experience, Kyoto University and Kyoto City collaborated to promote a citywide COVID-19 prevention strategy to prevent the spread of COVID-19 within ACFs. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of the prevention strategy among ACFs in Kyoto City during the third and fifth waves of the pandemic. METHODS During the study period, the following measures were adopted as the prevention strategy in all ACFs: (1) active polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mass testing and facility-wide testing when a single case was identified, (2) implementation of strategies to prevent transmission within a facility, and (3) vaccination program for ACFs. RESULTS Of the 1,144 facilities subjected to the mass testing, 71.0% participated in the whole program including active PCR testing. The remainder participated in the rest of the programs. The prevalence of ACF-related COVID-19 cases among total COVID-19 cases in Kyoto City decreased from 7.9% in the third wave to 4.1% in the fourth wave and 2.1% in the fifth wave. The incidence of clusters and proportion of severe elderly cases also decreased during the study period. CONCLUSIONS A city-wide multidisciplinary effort including PCR mass testing and a vaccination program in cooperation with a university and local administrative office successfully reduced the clusters and transmission in ACFs in Kyoto City, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Infection Prevention, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Infection Prevention, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Infection Prevention, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koh Shinohara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Infection Prevention, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satomi Yukawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Infection Prevention, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taro Noguchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Infection Prevention, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsuchido
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Department of Infection Prevention, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeda
- Public Health and Welfare Bureau of Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan
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16
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Hutchison SM, Watts A, Gadermann A, Oberle E, Oberlander TF, Lavoie PM, Mâsse LC. School staff and teachers during the second year of COVID-19: Higher anxiety symptoms, higher psychological distress, and poorer mental health compared to the general population. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022; 8:100335. [PMID: 35313684 PMCID: PMC8928702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to: 1) assess mental health symptoms in Canadian school staff during the second year of the pandemic (Spring 2021) and compare these same outcomes to national representative samples, and 2: examine whether the number of hours of direct contact with students was a significant predictor of anxiety symptoms. Methods Online data on anxiety symptoms, psychological distress, overall mental health, and demographic information was collected from 2,305 school staff in the greater Vancouver area between February 3 and June 18, 2021, as part of a seroprevalence study. Results School staff reported significantly higher anxiety symptoms than a national representative survey in Spring 2021 and higher exposure contact time with students was significantly associated with anxiety symptoms, in addition to sex and age, but not level of education and ethnicity. School staff also reported poorer mental health and higher levels of psychological distress compared to pre-pandemic population measures. Limitations Cross-sectional design, self-report measures. Conclusions These results show that priorities to reduce mental health challenges are critical during a public health crisis, not only at the beginning, but also one year later. Ongoing proactive prevention and intervention strategies for school staff are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Hutchison
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allison Watts
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anne Gadermann
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Health Evaluation & Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eva Oberle
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Human Early Learning Partnership, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tim F Oberlander
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pascal M Lavoie
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Rauchman SH, Mendelson SG, Rauchman C, Kasselman LJ, Pinkhasov A, Reiss AB. Ongoing Use of SSRIs Does Not Alter Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 11:70. [PMID: 35011811 PMCID: PMC8745642 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 continues to have devastating consequences worldwide. Though vaccinations have helped reduce spread, new strains still pose a threat. Therefore, it is imperative to identify treatments that prevent severe COVID-19 infection. Recently, acute use of SSRI antidepressants in COVID+ patients was shown to reduce symptom severity. The aim of this retrospective observational study was to determine whether COVID+ patients already on SSRIs upon hospital admission had reduced mortality compared to COVID+ patients not on chronic SSRI treatment. Electronic medical records of 9044 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from six hospitals were queried for demographic and clinical information. Using R, a logistic regression model was run with mortality as the outcome and SSRI status as the exposure. In this sample, no patients admitted on SSRIs had them discontinued. There was no significant difference in the odds of dying between COVID+ patients on chronic SSRIs vs. those not taking SSRIs, after controlling for age category, gender, and race. This study shows the utility of large clinical databases in determining what commonly prescribed drugs might be useful in treating COVID-19. During pandemics due to novel infectious agents, it is critical to evaluate safety and efficacy of drugs that might be repurposed for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lora J. Kasselman
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (L.J.K.); (A.P.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Aaron Pinkhasov
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (L.J.K.); (A.P.); (A.B.R.)
| | - Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (L.J.K.); (A.P.); (A.B.R.)
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