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Clinicopathological and Epidemiological Findings in Pet Cats Naturally Infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) in Australia. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102177. [PMID: 36298731 PMCID: PMC9608632 DOI: 10.3390/v14102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in experimentally infected domestic cats produces characteristic clinical manifestations including hematological changes, neurological disease, neoplasia (most notably lymphoma) and lymphopenia-mediated immunodeficiency predisposing cats to a range of secondary infections. Conflicting reports exist, however, with regard to disease associations and survival time in naturally FIV-infected cats. The purpose of this retrospective case−control study was to investigate the effect of natural FIV infection on hematological, blood biochemical and urinalysis parameters and survival time in three cohorts of pet cats in Australia. Cohorts 1 and 2 were recruited from a large veterinary hospital in Melbourne, Victoria (n = 525 and 282), while a third cohort consisted of cats recruited from around Australia as part of a FIV field vaccine efficacy trial (n = 425). FIV-infected cats in cohorts 1, 2 and 3 were found to have 15/37 (41%), 13/39 (33%) and 2/13 (15%) clinicopathological parameters significantly different to FIV-uninfected cats, respectively. Two changes in FIV-infected cats in cohort 1, hypochromia (low hemoglobin) and hyperglobulinemia, were outside the supplied reference intervals and should serve as diagnostic triggers for FIV testing. Kaplan−Meier survival analysis of cats in cohorts 1 and 2 combined did not find any difference between FIV-infected and FIV-uninfected cats, however a confounding factor was a large euthanasia rate within the first 12 months in both groups. Three significant (p < 0.05) spatial clusters of FIV infection were identified in Melbourne. A possible relationship between FIV infection status and socioeconomic disadvantage was discovered, based on three government indices of socioeconomic status (p < 0.001). Until longitudinal field studies are performed in Australia to further investigate the long-term effects of natural FIV infection, Australian veterinarians should consider FIV to be an important infection of pet cats, and recommend measures to prevent FIV infection.
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2
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Laitinen T, Meili T, Koyioni M, Koutentis PA, Poso A, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Asquith CRM. Synthesis and evaluation of 1,2,3-dithiazole inhibitors of the nucleocapsid protein of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) as a model for HIV infection. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 68:116834. [PMID: 35653871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We disclose a series of potent anti-viral 1,2,3-dithiazoles, accessed through a succinct synthetic approach from 4,5-dichloro-1,2,3-dithiazolium chloride (Appel's salt). A series of small libraries of compounds were screened against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infected cells as a model for HIV. This approach highlighted new structure activity relationship understanding and led to the development of sub-micro molar anti-viral compounds with reduced toxicity. In addition, insight into the mechanistic progress of this system is provided via advanced QM-MM modelling. The 1,2,3-dithiazole represents a versatile scaffold with potential for further development to treat both FIV and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Theres Meili
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Maria Koyioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christopher R M Asquith
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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3
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Mukherjee P, Roy S, Ghosh D, Nandi SK. Role of animal models in biomedical research: a review. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:18. [PMID: 35778730 PMCID: PMC9247923 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The animal model deals with the species other than the human, as it can imitate the disease progression, its’ diagnosis as well as a treatment similar to human. Discovery of a drug and/or component, equipment, their toxicological studies, dose, side effects are in vivo studied for future use in humans considering its’ ethical issues. Here lies the importance of the animal model for its enormous use in biomedical research. Animal models have many facets that mimic various disease conditions in humans like systemic autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, Atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc., and many more. Besides, the model has tremendous importance in drug development, development of medical devices, tissue engineering, wound healing, and bone and cartilage regeneration studies, as a model in vascular surgeries as well as the model for vertebral disc regeneration surgery. Though, all the models have some advantages as well as challenges, but, present review has emphasized the importance of various small and large animal models in pharmaceutical drug development, transgenic animal models, models for medical device developments, studies for various human diseases, bone and cartilage regeneration model, diabetic and burn wound model as well as surgical models like vascular surgeries and surgeries for intervertebral disc degeneration considering all the ethical issues of that specific animal model. Despite, the process of using the animal model has facilitated researchers to carry out the researches that would have been impossible to accomplish in human considering the ethical prohibitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mukherjee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - S Roy
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | - D Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - S K Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India.
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4
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Sathler MF, Doolittle MJ, Cockrell JA, Nadalin IR, Hofmann F, VandeWoude S, Kim S. HIV and FIV glycoproteins increase cellular tau pathology via cGMP-dependent kinase II activation. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259764. [PMID: 35638570 PMCID: PMC9270957 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the development of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drastically improves the lifespan of individuals with HIV, many are now entering the prime age when Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like symptoms begin to manifest. It has been shown that hyperphosphorylated tau, a known AD pathological characteristic, is prematurely increased in the brains of HIV-infected individuals as early as in their 30s and that its levels increase with age. This suggests that HIV infection might lead to accelerated AD phenotypes. However, whether HIV infection causes AD to develop more quickly in the brain is not yet fully determined. Interestingly, we have previously revealed that the viral glycoproteins HIV gp120 and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) gp95 induce neuronal hyperexcitation via cGMP-dependent kinase II (cGKII; also known as PRKG2) activation in cultured hippocampal neurons. Here, we use cultured mouse cortical neurons to demonstrate that the presence of HIV gp120 and FIV gp95 are sufficient to increase cellular tau pathology, including intracellular tau hyperphosphorylation and tau release to the extracellular space. We further reveal that viral glycoprotein-induced cellular tau pathology requires cGKII activation. Taken together, HIV infection likely accelerates AD-related tau pathology via cGKII activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus F. Sathler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1617 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Michael J. Doolittle
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - James A. Cockrell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - India R. Nadalin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1617 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Franz Hofmann
- Technical University of Munich, Arcisstraße 21, D-80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Seonil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 1617 Campus Delivery, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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5
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Azadian A, Gunn-Moore DA. Age-related cognitive impairments in domestic cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet Rec 2022; 191:e1683. [PMID: 35512238 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related dementia has been documented in domestic cats; however, its interaction with naturally occurring feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection has been investigated minimally. METHODS Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and problem-solving (PS) ability were evaluated in FIV-infected (n = 37) and control cats (n = 39) using two cognitive tasks tested serially, which assessed the ability of cats to remember the location of a baited container after a set delay, then evaluated the capability of the cats to manipulate the container to obtain the food within a time limit. Cats were categorized using 7 years of age as a cut-off to determine age-related differences. The relationship between cognitive performance and FIV viral load was investigated using real-time PCR cycle threshold (Ct ) values. RESULTS Age significantly affected VSWM and PS ability. Younger cats had better VSWM performance and PS ability compared to older cats with the same FIV status. There was no difference between younger FIV-positive and negative cats in either part of the task. While older FIV-positive cats had significantly worse VSWM than older FIV-negative cats, no differences were found in PS ability. Additionally, Ct values predicted VSWM but not PS ability. CONCLUSION Age-related cognitive impairments and FIV infection appear synergetic, causing greater cognitive deficits in older FIV-infected cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Azadian
- Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food System, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Danièlle A Gunn-Moore
- Division of Companion Animals, Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.,Division of Infection & Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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6
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Long M, Cantrelle FX, Robert X, Boll E, Sierra N, Gouet P, Hanoulle X, Alvarez GI, Guillon C. Identification of a Potential Inhibitor of the FIV p24 Capsid Protein and Characterization of Its Binding Site. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1896-1908. [PMID: 34096272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a veterinary infective agent for which there is currently no efficient drug available. Drugs targeting the lentivirus capsid are currently under development for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). Here we describe a lead compound that interacts with the FIV capsid. This compound, 696, modulates the in vitro assembly of and stabilizes the assembled capsid protein. To decipher the mechanism of binding of this compound to the protein, we performed the first nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) assignment of the FIV p24 capsid protein. Experimental NMR chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) observed after the addition of 696 enabled the characterization of a specific binding site for 696 on p24. This site was further analyzed by molecular modeling of the protein:compound interaction, demonstrating a strong similarity with the binding sites of existing drugs targeting the HIV-1 capsid protein. Taken together, we characterized a promising capsid-interacting compound with a low cost of synthesis, for which derivatives could lead to the development of efficient treatments for FIV infection. More generally, our strategy combining the NMR assignment of FIV p24 with NMR CSPs and molecular modeling will be useful for the analysis of future compounds targeting p24 in the quest to identify an efficient treatment for FIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Long
- UMR 5086, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - François-Xavier Cantrelle
- CNRS, ERL9002, Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille University Hospital, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Robert
- UMR 5086, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Boll
- CNRS, ERL9002, Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille University Hospital, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Natalia Sierra
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Bioactivas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Patrice Gouet
- UMR 5086, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - Xavier Hanoulle
- CNRS, ERL9002, Integrative Structural Biology, F-59000 Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille University Hospital, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk factors and molecular determinants of aging-related, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guzmán I Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Moléculas Bioactivas, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, 60000 Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Christophe Guillon
- UMR 5086, Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS/Université Lyon 1, 69367 Lyon, France
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Sil S, Thangaraj A, Chivero ET, Niu F, Kannan M, Liao K, Silverstein PS, Periyasamy P, Buch S. HIV-1 and drug abuse comorbidity: Lessons learned from the animal models of NeuroHIV. Neurosci Lett 2021; 754:135863. [PMID: 33794296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various research studies that have investigated the association between HIV infection and addiction underpin the role of various drugs of abuse in impairing immunological and non-immunological pathways of the host system, ultimately leading to augmentation of HIV infection and disease progression. These studies have included both in vitro and in vivo animal models wherein investigators have assessed the effects of various drugs on several disease parameters to decipher the impact of drugs on both HIV infection and progression of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). However, given the inherent limitations in the existing animal models of HAND, these investigations only recapitulated specific aspects of the disease but not the complex human syndrome. Despite the inability of HIV to infect rodents over the last 30 years, multiple strategies have been employed to develop several rodent models of HAND. While none of these models can accurately mimic the overall pathophysiology of HAND, they serve the purpose of modeling some unique aspects of HAND. This review provides an overview of various animal models used in the field and a careful evaluation of methodological strengths and limitations inherent in both the model systems and study designs to understand better how the various animal models complement one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Sil
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Annadurai Thangaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ernest T Chivero
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Fang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Muthukumar Kannan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Peter S Silverstein
- School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Palsamy Periyasamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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8
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Azadian A, Nasab MG, Payghani C, Firouzamandi M. Naturally FIV-infected cats exhibit a higher risk of age-related visuospatial working memory impairment compared with cats without FIV disease. J Vet Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Černá P, Gardiner H, Sordo L, Tørnqvist-Johnsen C, Gunn-Moore DA. Potential Causes of Increased Vocalisation in Elderly Cats with Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome as Assessed by Their Owners. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1092. [PMID: 32599838 PMCID: PMC7341261 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to explore owner perception of the causes of increased vocalisation in cats diagnosed with cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) and consider what impact this vocalisation may have on the cat's household. Owners of cats diagnosed with CDS that presented with increased vocalisation were invited to complete an online survey. The survey consisted of 28 questions including the cat's signalment, its medical history, and questions pertaining to the owner's perception of what motivated their cat´s increased vocalisation. This was determined by looking at the cat's behaviour when vocalising, where it was looking when it was vocalising, and if the vocalisation stopped when the owner interacted with it, e.g., petting or feeding it. The owners were also asked how stressful they found their cat's vocalisation. There were 37 responses. The majority of owners reported that the main cause of their cat's vocalisation appeared to be disorientation (40.5%) or attention seeking (40.5%). Seeking a resource such as food was reported in 16.2%, and pain was perceived to be the cause in only 2.7% of cats. However, the majority of owners (64.8%) believed there was >1 cause of their cat's increased vocalisation. Importantly, when owners were asked how stressful they found their cat's increased vocalisation, 40.5% scored ≥3 (where 1 = not stressful; 5 = significantly stressful). This study provides novel insight into owner perception of feline CDS, as well as potential causes for increased vocalisation; this will allow veterinarians to better advise owners on how to manage their cat with CDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Černá
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (L.S.); (C.T.-J.); (D.A.G.-M.)
- Small Animal Clinic, The University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 251 61 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hannah Gardiner
- The Beaumont Veterinary Group—Kidlington branch, Kidlington OX5 1EA, UK;
| | - Lorena Sordo
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (L.S.); (C.T.-J.); (D.A.G.-M.)
| | - Camilla Tørnqvist-Johnsen
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (L.S.); (C.T.-J.); (D.A.G.-M.)
| | - Danièlle A. Gunn-Moore
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (L.S.); (C.T.-J.); (D.A.G.-M.)
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Smith LK, Kuhn TB, Chen J, Bamburg JR. HIV Associated Neurodegenerative Disorders: A New Perspective on the Role of Lipid Rafts in Gp120-Mediated Neurotoxicity. Curr HIV Res 2019; 16:258-269. [PMID: 30280668 PMCID: PMC6398609 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x16666181003144740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) as the primary means of treatment for HIV infection has achieved a dramatic decline in deaths attributed to AIDS and the reduced incidence of severe forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) in infected individuals. Despite these advances, milder forms of HAND persist and prevalence of these forms of neurocognitive impairment are rising with the aging population of HIV infected individuals. HIV enters the CNS early in the pathophysiology establishing persistent infection in resident macrophages and glial cells. These infected cells, in turn, secrete neurotoxic viral proteins, inflammatory cytokines, and small metabolites thought to contribute to neurodegenerative processes. The viral envelope protein gp120 has been identified as a potent neurotoxin affecting neurodegeneration via indirect and direct mechanisms involving interactions with chemokine co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4. This short review focuses on gp120 neurotropism and associated mechanisms of neurotoxicity linked to chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 with a new perspective on plasma membrane lipid rafts as an active participant in gp120-mediated neurodegeneration underlying HIV induced CNS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Thomas B Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Jack Chen
- Department of Biology and Wildlife, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - James R Bamburg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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11
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Asquith CRM, Laitinen T, Konstantinova LS, Tizzard G, Poso A, Rakitin OA, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Hilton ST. Investigation of the Pentathiepin Functionality as an Inhibitor of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) via a Potential Zinc Ejection Mechanism, as a Model for HIV Infection. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:454-461. [PMID: 30609219 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A small diverse library of pentathiepin derivatives were prepared to evaluate their efficacy against the nucleocapsid protein function of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) as a model for HIV, using an in vitro cell culture approach. This study led to the development of nanomolar active compounds with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R M Asquith
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.,Clinical Laboratory & Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Current address: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Genetic Medicine Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tuomo Laitinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Lidia S Konstantinova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, Lenina Ave. 76, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Graham Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Oleg A Rakitin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Nanotechnology Education and Research Center, South Ural State University, Lenina Ave. 76, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory & Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephen T Hilton
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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12
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Peterson TA, MacLean AG. Current and Future Therapeutic Strategies for Lentiviral Eradication from Macrophage Reservoirs. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 14:68-93. [PMID: 30317409 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, one of the most abundant populations of leukocytes in the body, function as the first line of defense against pathogen invaders. Human Immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) remains to date one of the most extensively studied viral infections. Naturally occurring lentiviruses in domestic and primate species serve as valuable models to investigate lentiviral pathogenesis and novel therapeutics. Better understanding of the role macrophages play in HIV pathogenesis will aid in the advancement towards a cure. Even with current efficacy of first- and second-line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) guidelines and future efficacy of Long Acting Slow Effective Release-ART (LASER-ART); ART alone does not lead to a cure. The major challenge of HIV eradication is viral latency. Latency Reversal Agents (LRAs) show promise as a possible means to eradicate HIV-1 from the body. It has become evident that complete eradication will need to include combinations of various effective therapeutic strategies such as LASER-ART, LRAs, and gene editing. Review of the current literature indicates the most promising HIV eradication strategy appears to be LASER-ART in conjunction with viral and receptor gene modifications via the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Graphical abstract A multimodal approach to HIV treatment including gene editing, LASER-ART, and latency reversal agents may provide a means to achieve HIV eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Peterson
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Andrew G MacLean
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane Brain Institute, 18703 Three Rivers Road, Covington, LA, 70433, USA.
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13
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Olson KE, Bade AN, Namminga KL, Potash MJ, Mosley RL, Poluektova LY, Volsky DJ, Gendelman HE. Persistent EcoHIV infection induces nigral degeneration in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-intoxicated mice. J Neurovirol 2018; 24:398-410. [PMID: 29594983 PMCID: PMC6105545 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-018-0629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections has dramatically improved the quality and duration of life for HIV-positive individuals. Despite this success, HIV persists for the life of an infected person in tissue reservoirs including the nervous system. Thus, whether HIV exacerbates age-related brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) is of concern. In support of this idea, HIV infection can be associated with motor and gait abnormalities that parallel late-stage manifestations of PD including dopaminergic neuronal loss. With these findings in hand, we investigated whether viral infection could affect nigrostriatal degeneration or exacerbate chemically induced nigral degeneration. We now demonstrate an additive effect of EcoHIV on dopaminergic neuronal loss and neuroinflammation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine intoxication. HIV-1-infected humanized mice failed to recapitulate these EcoHIV results suggesting species-specific neural signaling. The results demonstrate a previously undefined EcoHIV-associated neurodegenerative response that may be used to model pathobiological aspects of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Aditya N Bade
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Krista L Namminga
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mary Jane Potash
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - R Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Larisa Y Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - David J Volsky
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Howard E Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Properties and Functions of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Domains in Virion Assembly and Budding. Viruses 2018; 10:v10050261. [PMID: 29772651 PMCID: PMC5977254 DOI: 10.3390/v10050261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is an important cat pathogen worldwide whose biological and pathophysiological properties resemble those of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Therefore, the study of FIV not only benefits its natural host but is also useful for the development of antiviral strategies directed against HIV-1 infections in humans. FIV assembly results from the multimerization of a single but complex viral polypeptide, the Gag precursor. In this review, we will first give an overview of the current knowledge of the proteins encoded by the FIV pol, env, rev, vif, and orf-A genes, and then we will describe and discuss in detail the critical roles that each of the FIV Gag domains plays in virion morphogenesis. Since retroviral assembly is an attractive target for therapeutic interventions, gaining a better understanding of this process is highly desirable.
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15
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Applications of the FIV Model to Study HIV Pathogenesis. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040206. [PMID: 29677122 PMCID: PMC5923500 DOI: 10.3390/v10040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a naturally-occurring retrovirus that infects domestic and non-domestic feline species, producing progressive immune depletion that results in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Much has been learned about FIV since it was first described in 1987, particularly in regard to its application as a model to study the closely related lentivirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In particular, FIV and HIV share remarkable structure and sequence organization, utilize parallel modes of receptor-mediated entry, and result in a similar spectrum of immunodeficiency-related diseases due to analogous modes of immune dysfunction. This review summarizes current knowledge of FIV infection kinetics and the mechanisms of immune dysfunction in relation to opportunistic disease, specifically in regard to studying HIV pathogenesis. Furthermore, we present data that highlight changes in the oral microbiota and oral immune system during FIV infection, and outline the potential for the feline model of oral AIDS manifestations to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms of HIV-induced oral disease. Finally, we discuss advances in molecular biology, vaccine development, neurologic dysfunction, and the ability to apply pharmacologic interventions and sophisticated imaging technologies to study experimental and naturally occurring FIV, which provide an excellent, but often overlooked, resource for advancing therapies and the management of HIV/AIDS.
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