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Kizerwetter‐Świda M, Chrobak‐Chmiel D, Stefańska I, Kwiecień E, Rzewuska M. In vitro activity of selected antimicrobials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius of canine origin in Poland. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1385. [PMID: 38547160 PMCID: PMC10977695 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is an important veterinary pathogen. In general, only a few antimicrobials show in vitro activity against MRSP isolates. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of selected antimicrobials, including last-choice drugs, against clinical MRSP isolates of canine origin. The activity of 10 selected agents was evaluated against 41 clinical MRSP isolates. METHODS The disk diffusion method and minimal inhibitory concentration values were used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The guidelines for staphylococci of canine or human origin were employed for the interpretation of the results. RESULTS Among the examined MRSP isolates, resistance to enrofloxacin and clindamycin was the most prevalent (n = 40; 97.6%). Resistance to doxycycline and gentamicin was observed in 83.0% (n = 34) and 68.3% (n = 28) of the isolates, respectively. Single isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (n = 5; 12.2%) and rifampicin (n = 3; 7.3%), whereas all showed susceptibility to amikacin, vancomycin, mupirocin and linezolid. Predominantly, the results of AST obtained by both methods were consistent. Some discrepancies were observed for gentamicin; however, clinical breakpoints for staphylococci of human origin were used. CONCLUSIONS Amikacin and chloramphenicol constitute potential treatment options in infections caused by MRSP and may be included in extended susceptibility testing in our geographical region. The determination of clinical breakpoints for some antimicrobials not incorporated in the recommendations should be a high priority in the veterinary diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kizerwetter‐Świda
- Department of Preclinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Dorota Chrobak‐Chmiel
- Department of Preclinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Ilona Stefańska
- Department of Preclinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Ewelina Kwiecień
- Department of Preclinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical SciencesInstitute of Veterinary MedicineWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsawPoland
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Araújo D, Silva AR, Fernandes R, Serra P, Barros MM, Campos AM, Oliveira R, Silva S, Almeida C, Castro J. Emerging Approaches for Mitigating Biofilm-Formation-Associated Infections in Farm, Wild, and Companion Animals. Pathogens 2024; 13:320. [PMID: 38668275 PMCID: PMC11054384 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of addressing the problem of biofilms in farm, wild, and companion animals lies in their pervasive impact on animal health and welfare. Biofilms, as resilient communities of microorganisms, pose a persistent challenge in causing infections and complicating treatment strategies. Recognizing and understanding the importance of mitigating biofilm formation is critical to ensuring the welfare of animals in a variety of settings, from farms to the wild and companion animals. Effectively addressing this issue not only improves the overall health of individual animals, but also contributes to the broader goals of sustainable agriculture, wildlife conservation, and responsible pet ownership. This review examines the current understanding of biofilm formation in animal diseases and elucidates the complex processes involved. Recognizing the limitations of traditional antibiotic treatments, mechanisms of resistance associated with biofilms are explored. The focus is on alternative therapeutic strategies to control biofilm, with illuminating case studies providing valuable context and practical insights. In conclusion, the review highlights the importance of exploring emerging approaches to mitigate biofilm formation in animals. It consolidates existing knowledge, highlights gaps in understanding, and encourages further research to address this critical facet of animal health. The comprehensive perspective provided by this review serves as a foundation for future investigations and interventions to improve the management of biofilm-associated infections in diverse animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Araújo
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Patrícia Serra
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Maria Margarida Barros
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Campos
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Bianchessi L, De Bernardi G, Vigorelli M, Dall’Ara P, Turin L. Bacteriophage Therapy in Companion and Farm Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:294. [PMID: 38666970 PMCID: PMC11047634 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, which are viruses with restricted tropism for bacteria, have been employed for over a century as antimicrobial agents; they have been largely abandoned in Western countries but are constantly used in Eastern European countries with the advent of antibiotics. In recent decades, the growing spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which pose a serious threat to worldwide public health, imposed an urgent demand for alternative therapeutic approaches to antibiotics in animal and human fields. Based on this requirement, numerous studies have been published on developing and testing bacteriophage-based therapy. Overall, the literature largely supports the potential of this perspective but also highlights the need for additional research as the current standards are inadequate to receive approval from regulatory authorities. This review aims to update and critically revise the current knowledge on the application of bacteriophages to treat bacterial-derived infectious diseases in animals in order to provide topical perspectives and innovative advances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lauretta Turin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences—DIVAS, Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (L.B.); (G.D.B.); (M.V.); (P.D.)
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Borlace GN, Singh R, Seubsasana S, Chantaranothai P, Thongkham E, Aiemsaard J. Antimicrobial effects of catnip ( Nepeta cataria L.) essential oil against canine skin infection pathogens. Vet World 2024; 17:585-592. [PMID: 38680153 PMCID: PMC11045539 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.585-592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Catnip essential oils have antimicrobial effects against bacteria, yeast, and fungi; however, there is limited information regarding their antimicrobial activity against pathogens that cause canine skin infections. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents of catnip essential oil and assay its antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Malassezia pachydermatis, Microsporum canis, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum gallinae, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Materials and Methods Catnip essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vitro antimicrobial activity was investigated using broth microdilution and time-kill tests. To evaluate the effect of catnip essential oil on microbial morphology and cell membrane integrity, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and leakage studies were conducted. Results GC-MS analysis revealed that the principal components of catnip essential oil were cis- and trans-nepetalactone (57.09% of peak area), trans-, cis-nepetalactone (39.69% of peak area), trans-caryophyllene (1.88% of peak area), and caryophyllene oxide (1.34% of peak area). The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration values determined by broth microdilution ranged from 0.0625 mg/mL to 4.0 mg/mL. Time-kill testing showed that the germicidal effects of catnip essential oil were time and concentration-dependent, respectively. Environmental SEM and cell leakage analysis indicated that catnip essential oil disrupted the integrity of cell membranes in the tested microorganisms. Conclusion Catnip essential oil has potential as an alternative antimicrobial against a wide range of canine skin infection pathogens, including S. pseudintermedius, M. pachydermatis, Mi. canis, Mi. gypseum, Mi. gallinae, and T. mentagrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Neville Borlace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ranee Singh
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Seubsasana
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pranom Chantaranothai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Eakachai Thongkham
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jareerat Aiemsaard
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Choi Y, Lee W, Kwon JG, Kang A, Kwak MJ, Eor JY, Kim Y. The current state of phage therapy in livestock and companion animals. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:57-78. [PMID: 38618037 PMCID: PMC11007465 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In a global context, bacterial diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria have inflicted sustained damage on both humans and animals. Although antibiotics initially appeared to offer an easy treatment for most bacterial infections, the recent rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria, stemming from antibiotic misuse, has prompted regulatory measures to control antibiotic usage. Consequently, various alternatives to antibiotics are being explored, with a particular focus on bacteriophage (phage) therapy for treating bacterial diseases in animals. Animals are broadly categorized into livestock, closely associated with human dietary habits, and companion animals, which have attracted increasing attention. This study highlights phage therapy cases targeting prominent bacterial strains in various animals. In recent years, research on bacteriophages has gained considerable attention, suggesting a promising avenue for developing alternative substances to antibiotics, particularly crucial for addressing challenging bacterial diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Woongji Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Joon-Gi Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Anna Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Eor
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology
and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National
University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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An J, Sun L, Liu M, Dai R, Ge G, Wang Z, Jia Y. Influences of Growth Stage and Ensiling Time on Fermentation Characteristics, Nitrite, and Bacterial Communities during Ensiling of Alfalfa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:84. [PMID: 38202392 PMCID: PMC10780930 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the impacts of growth stage and ensiling duration on the fermentation characteristics, nitrite content, and bacterial communities during the ensiling of alfalfa. Harvested alfalfa was divided into two groups: vegetative growth stage (VG) and late budding stage (LB). The fresh alfalfa underwent wilting until reaching approximately 65% moisture content, followed by natural fermentation. The experiment followed a completely randomized design, with samples collected after the wilting of alfalfa raw materials (MR) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 30, and 60 of fermentation. The growth stage significantly influenced the chemical composition of alfalfa, with crude protein content being significantly higher in the vegetative growth stage alfalfa compared to that in the late budding stage (p < 0.05). Soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber content were significantly lower in the vegetative growth stage compared to the late budding stage (p < 0.05). Nitrite content, nitrate content, nitrite reductase activity, and nitrate reductase activity were all significantly higher in the vegetative growth stage compared to the late budding stage (p < 0.05). In terms of fermentation parameters, silage from the late budding stage exhibited superior characteristics compared to that from the vegetative growth stage. Compared to the alfalfa silage during the vegetative growth stage, the late budding stage group exhibited a higher lactate content and lower pH level. Notably, butyric acid was only detected in the silage from the vegetative growth stage group. Throughout the ensiling process, nitrite content, nitrate levels, nitrite reductase activity, and nitrate reductase activity decreased in both treatment groups. The dominant lactic acid bacteria differed between the two groups, with Enterococcus being predominant in vegetative growth stage alfalfa silage, and Weissella being predominant in late budding stage silage, transitioning to Lactiplantibacillus in the later stages of fermentation. On the 3rd day of silage fermentation, the vegetative growth stage group exhibited the highest abundance of Enterococcus, which subsequently decreased to its lowest level on the 15th day. Correlation analysis revealed that lactic acid bacteria, including Limosilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Loigolactobacillus, Pediococcus, Lactiplantibacillus, and Weissella, played a key role in nitrite and nitrate degradation in alfalfa silage. The presence of nitrite may be linked to Erwinia, unclassified_o__Enterobacterales, Pantoea, Exiguobacterium, Enterobacter, and Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo An
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (J.A.); (M.L.); (R.D.); (G.G.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China;
| | - Mingjian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (J.A.); (M.L.); (R.D.); (G.G.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Rui Dai
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (J.A.); (M.L.); (R.D.); (G.G.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Gentu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (J.A.); (M.L.); (R.D.); (G.G.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (J.A.); (M.L.); (R.D.); (G.G.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China; (J.A.); (M.L.); (R.D.); (G.G.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources, Ministry of Education, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
- College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
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Kępińska-Pacelik J, Biel W, Witkowicz R, Frączek K, Bulski K. Assessment of the content of macronutrients and microbiological safety of dry dog foods. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105071. [PMID: 37924730 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
In Europe, there are no legal regulations specifying maximum allowable limits for pathogenic bacteria or fungi and yeasts in dog food. For proximate composition, the European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF) nutritional guidelines provide minimum recommended levels for protein and fat only, not for other ingredients and no safe maximum levels. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological safety of 35 dry dog foods, taking into account the division into foods with grains as the main plant ingredient and those described as grain-free. We assumed that grain-included foods are more susceptible to the presence of the total number of aerobic bacteria. This parameter is an essential, hygienic criterion informing about the microbiological safety of the pet food. It also inform about the microbiological quality of the food ingredients used, the effectiveness of decontamination during the production process, sanitary and hygienic conditions during the acquisition, processing and marketing of pet food and its components. In the case of macronutrients, the results in some cases were multiples of the minimum recommended levels. The most important microorganisms that presence was found in the analyzed dog foods were indicator bacteria (E. coli and coliform bacteria, Clostridium perfringens), whose presence in feed constitutes microbiological contamination. They inform about sanitary and hygienic conditions during the production and storage of the pet food. The current guidelines recommend microbiological testing of food for the presence of Salmonella bacilli as the basic indicator for assessing the sanitary quality. No Salmonella spp. was detected in any of the foods. The remaining analyzed bacteria (Proteus spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp.) as well as molds and yeasts, were present in both grain-included and grain-free foods. The obtained results showed that in terms of microbiological safety, grain-included foods come out worse, because microorganisms were detected more frequently in this type of dry dog food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Biel
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Klemensa Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Robert Witkowicz
- Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Frączek
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Karol Bulski
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.
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Jin M, Osman M, Green BA, Yang Y, Ahuja A, Lu Z, Cazer CL. Evidence for the transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria between humans and companion animals: A scoping review. One Health 2023; 17:100593. [PMID: 37448771 PMCID: PMC10336692 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria between people and household pets, such as dogs and cats, is an emerging global public health problem. This scoping review synthesized existing evidence of human-pet bacteria transmission to understand the magnitude and breadth of this issue. Methods The search included specific and generic terms for bacteria, resistance, transmission, pets, and humans. Searches were conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CABI Global Health, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Google Scholar. All studies published in English and Mandarin that isolated bacteria from pets (cats and dogs) and humans who had contact with the pets, and reported phenotypic or genotypic antimicrobial sensitivity test results, were included in this review. In cases of bacterial species that are commonly associated with pets, such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pasteurella multocida, we also included studies that only isolated bacteria from humans. Results After removing duplication, the search captured 9355 studies. A total of 1098 papers were screened in the full-text review, and 562 studies were identified as eligible according to our inclusion criteria. The primary reason for exclusion was the lack of sensitivity testing. The included studies were published between 1973 and 2021. The most common study location was the United States (n = 176, 31.3%), followed by the United Kingdom (n = 53, 9.4%), Japan (n = 29, 5.2%), and Canada (n = 25, 4.4%). Most of the included studies were case reports (n = 367, 63.4%), cross-sectional/prevalence studies (n = 130, 22.4%), and case series (n = 51, 8.8%). Only few longitudinal studies (n = 14, 2.4%), case-control studies (n = 12, 2.1%), and cohort studies (n = 5, 0.9%) were included in our review. Most studies focused on Pasteurella multocida (n = 221, 39.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (n = 81, 14.4%), and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 52, 8.9%). For the 295 studies that used strain typing methods to compare bacteria from humans and pets, most used DNA banding pattern-based methods (n = 133, 45.1%) and DNA sequencing-based methods (n = 118, 40.0%). Conclusion Transmission of bacteria could occur in both directions: pets to humans (e.g., S. pseudintermedius and P. multocida) and humans to pets (e.g., S. aureus). The majority of studies provided a low level of evidence of transmission (e.g., case reports), suggesting that more rigorous longitudinal, cohort, or case-control studies are needed to fully understand the risk of human-pet resistant bacterial transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Jin
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA
| | - Marwan Osman
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Brianna A. Green
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Yufan Yang
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Aditi Ahuja
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
| | - Casey L. Cazer
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
- Department of Population Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, USA
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de Alcântara LP, Santana JA, Clark Xavier RG, Tinoco HP, Coelho CM, Dos Santos DO, Santos RL, Nogueira de Carvalho MP, Silveira Silva RO. ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. ISOLATED FROM FELIDS AND CANIDS IN BELO HORIZONTE ZOO, BRAZIL. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:584-592. [PMID: 37817625 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of Staphylococcus spp. has become a major concern among humans and animals due to increasing antimicrobial resistance and frequent reports of infection. Despite the importance of animals as reservoirs for staphylococci, little is known about the epidemiology of Staphylococcus spp. in most nondomestic species, including canids and felids. This study evaluated the frequency, distribution, and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of staphylococcal species isolated from captive felids and canids from Belo Horizonte Zoo, Brazil. Rectal, oral, and nasal swabs from apparently healthy maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus, n= 7), a lion (Panthera leo, n = 1), jaguars (Panthera onca, n = 3), and one swab of a cougar (Puma concolor) with an ear infection were streaked onto mannitol salt agar. Colonies identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, polymerase chain reaction for the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius strains were subjected to multilocus sequence typing. Staphylococcus species were isolated from 24 of the 34 samples (70.6%). Among the isolated strains, S. pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus felis were the most frequent species (41.7 and 25%, respectively). Five novel sequence types were identified among the S. pseudintermedius isolates. Resistance to tetracycline (7/24, 29.2%) or penicillin (6/23, 26.1%) was significantly higher than the other antimicrobial agents tested (P < 0.05). One isolate, Staphylococcus nepalensis, was positive for mecA and resistant to five antimicrobials, and was thus classified as multidrug-resistant. The present work suggests that maned wolves are natural hosts of SIG and also reports the isolation of S. felis in sick and healthy, captive, nondomestic carnivores. The isolated staphylococci were susceptible to most classes of antimicrobials tested. However, the multidrug-resistance capability of an S. nepalensis strain reinforces the hypothesis that felids and canids act as reservoirs of pathogens with antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordana Almeida Santana
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, 31270-901
| | | | - Herlandes Penha Tinoco
- Municipal Parks and Zoobotanic Foundation of Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, 31365-450
| | - Carlyle Mendes Coelho
- Municipal Parks and Zoobotanic Foundation of Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, 31365-450
| | | | - Renato Lima Santos
- Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, 31270-901
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10
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Cheung GYC, Otto M. Virulence Mechanisms of Staphylococcal Animal Pathogens. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14587. [PMID: 37834035 PMCID: PMC10572719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are major causes of infections in mammals. Mammals are colonized by diverse staphylococcal species, often with moderate to strong host specificity, and colonization is a common source of infection. Staphylococcal infections of animals not only are of major importance for animal well-being but have considerable economic consequences, such as in the case of staphylococcal mastitis, which costs billions of dollars annually. Furthermore, pet animals can be temporary carriers of strains infectious to humans. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance is a great concern in livestock infections, as there is considerable antibiotic overuse, and resistant strains can be transferred to humans. With the number of working antibiotics continuously becoming smaller due to the concomitant spread of resistant strains, alternative approaches, such as anti-virulence, are increasingly being investigated to treat staphylococcal infections. For this, understanding the virulence mechanisms of animal staphylococcal pathogens is crucial. While many virulence factors have similar functions in humans as animals, there are increasingly frequent reports of host-specific virulence factors and mechanisms. Furthermore, we are only beginning to understand virulence mechanisms in animal-specific staphylococcal pathogens. This review gives an overview of animal infections caused by staphylococci and our knowledge about the virulence mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
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11
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Phelps HA, Kuhn M, Lu Y, Vibhute S, Watts JL, Mitton-Fry MJ. Antibacterial activity of novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors against key veterinary pathogens. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109840. [PMID: 37531840 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria infect companion animals and livestock in addition to their devastating impact on human health. Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors (NBTIs) with excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria have previously been identified as promising new antibacterial agents. Herein, we evaluate the antibacterial activity of these NBTIs against a variety of important veterinary pathogens and demonstrate outstanding in vitro activity, especially against staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Phelps
- Global Therapeutics, Anti-Infectives Research, Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, United States
| | - Michael Kuhn
- Global Therapeutics, Anti-Infectives Research, Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, United States
| | - Yanran Lu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Sandip Vibhute
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Watts
- Global Therapeutics, Anti-Infectives Research, Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, United States
| | - Mark J Mitton-Fry
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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12
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Nocera FP, Pizzano F, Masullo A, Cortese L, De Martino L. Antimicrobial Resistant Staphylococcus Species Colonization in Dogs, Their Owners, and Veterinary Staff of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples, Italy. Pathogens 2023; 12:1016. [PMID: 37623976 PMCID: PMC10457731 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify Staphylococcus species isolated from nasal swabs of both healthy and diseased dogs, and those of human origin, obtained from nasal swabs of both owners and veterinary staff. Firstly, pet owners were requested to complete a questionnaire relating to the care and relationship with their pets, whose results mainly showed a statistically significant higher frequency of hand washing in diseased dogs' owners than in healthy dogs' owners. Canine nasal swabs were obtained from 43 diseased dogs and 28 healthy dogs, while human nasal swabs were collected from the respective dogs' owners (71 samples) and veterinary staff (34 samples). The isolation and identification of Staphylococcus spp. were followed by disk diffusion method to define the antimicrobial resistance profiles against 18 different molecules. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most frequent isolated strain in both diseased (33.3%) and healthy (46.1%) dogs. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequent isolated bacterium in diseased dogs' owners (66.6%), while in nasal samples of healthy dogs' owners, the same frequency of isolation (38.4%) was observed for both Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus. All the isolated strains showed good susceptibility levels to the tested antimicrobials; however, the carriage of oxacillin-resistant strains was significantly higher in diseased dogs than in healthy ones (71% and 7.7%, respectively). Only in three cases the presence of the same bacterial species with similar antimicrobial resistance profiles in dogs and their owners was detected, suggesting the potential bacterial transmission. In conclusion, this study suggests potential transmission risk of staphylococci from dogs to humans or vice versa, and highlights that the clinical relevance of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius transmission from dog to human should not be underestimated, as well as the role of Staphylococcus aureus from human to dog transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paola Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pizzano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Masullo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80137 Naples, Italy
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13
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Östholm Balkhed Å, Söderlund R, Gunnarsson L, Wikström C, Ljung H, Claesson C, Börjesson S. An investigation of household dogs as the source in a case of human bacteraemia caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2023; 13:2229578. [PMID: 37416510 PMCID: PMC10321180 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2023.2229578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a commensal and an opportunistic pathogen in dogs, and is also an opportunistic pathogen in humans. Here we report about a case of bacteraemia with a fatal outcome in a 77-year-old co-morbid male likely caused by a S. pseudintermedius and the investigation into the possible transmission from the two dogs in the patient's household. The two dogs carried the same S. pseudintermedius strain, but this dog strain was unrelated to the strain from the patient. In contrast to the patient strain, the dog strain showed reduced susceptibility to several antibiotics and both dogs had received antibiotic treatment prior to sampling. So, it is conceivable that these treatments can have eliminated the patient's strain between the transmission event and the dog sampling. It is also worth noting that the patient strain was positive for the expA gene, which encodes an exfoliative toxin closely related to the S. aureus exfoliative toxin B. This toxin has been linked to canine pyoderma, but its effect on humans remains unknown. Transmission of S. pseudintermedius was confirmed in the household between the dogs. However, we could not verify that the dogs were the source for the S. pseudintermedius in the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åse Östholm Balkhed
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Robert Söderlund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lotta Gunnarsson
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Camilla Wikström
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Ljung
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina Claesson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stefan Börjesson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Animal Health and Antimicrobial Strategies, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Marshall K, Marsella R. Topical Bacteriophage Therapy for Staphylococcal Superficial Pyoderma in Horses: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. Pathogens 2023; 12:828. [PMID: 37375518 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased antimicrobial resistance highlights the need for alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriophages, which are benign viruses that kill bacteria, are promising. We studied the efficacy of topical bacteriophages for treating equine staphylococcal superficial pyodermas. Eight Staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested against a bacteriophage bank, and a cocktail consisting of two bacteriophages was prepared. Twenty horses with clinical and cytological evidence of superficial pyoderma and confirmed S. aureus infection based on swabbed culture were enrolled in the study. Each horse received both the bacteriophage cocktail and the placebo at two different infection sites, once daily for four weeks. Clinical lesions and cytology were evaluated weekly by an investigator who was unaware of the treatment sites. All infection sites were swabbed and cultured at the end of the study. A linear mixed model showed no significant differences between the placebo and treatment sites in terms of clinical signs, cytological scores of inflammation, and bacterial counts at the end of the study. It is possible that the bacteriophage cocktail killed S. aureus, but cytology scores did not change as new populations of cocci took over. The study limitations included a small sample size and inconsistent control of the underlying causes of pyodermas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalie Marshall
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Rosanna Marsella
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Smoglica C, Angelucci S, Di Tana F, Antonucci A, Marsilio F, Di Francesco CE. Antibiotic Resistance in the Apennine Wolf ( Canis lupus italicus): Implications for Wildlife and Human Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:950. [PMID: 37370269 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12060950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Apennine wolf (Canis lupus italicus) is a subspecies of gray wolf that is widespread throughout Italy. Due to hunting and habitat loss, their population declined dramatically in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but conservation efforts improved to restore the species to an estimated population of 3300 individuals. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Apennine Wolf may pose a risk to its health and survival, as well as the health of other animals in its environment. In this study, we investigated the antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria collected from Apennine wolves admitted to the Wildlife Research Center of Maiella National Park (Italy) in 2022. A total of 12 bacteria collected from four wolves were isolated and tested for susceptibility to antibiotics used in veterinary medicine and to critically important antibiotics for human health by means of the Vitek 2 system. All isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and six bacteria were multidrug resistant to critically important antibiotics (third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolones). The results of this pilot study have allowed for the characterization of resistant profiles in Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and other bacterial species not previously reported in Apennine wolves. Our findings provide important insights into antibiotic resistance in wildlife and its potential implications for the conservation of biodiversity and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Smoglica
- Post-Graduation School of Animal Health, Breeding and Zootechnical Productions, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Simone Angelucci
- Post-Graduation School of Animal Health, Breeding and Zootechnical Productions, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Wildlife Research Center, Maiella National Park, Viale del Vivaio, 65023 Caramanico Terme, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Di Tana
- Wildlife Research Center, Maiella National Park, Viale del Vivaio, 65023 Caramanico Terme, Italy
| | - Antonio Antonucci
- Wildlife Research Center, Maiella National Park, Viale del Vivaio, 65023 Caramanico Terme, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Post-Graduation School of Animal Health, Breeding and Zootechnical Productions, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Cristina Esmeralda Di Francesco
- Post-Graduation School of Animal Health, Breeding and Zootechnical Productions, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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16
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Wang S, Nurxat N, Wei M, Wu Y, Wang Q, Li M, Liu Q. Cheilitis in an atopic dermatitis patient associated with co-infection of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:130. [PMID: 37183254 PMCID: PMC10184392 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin condition distinguished by an activated Th2 immune response. The local skin microbial dysbiosis is a contributing factor to the development of AD. The pathogenic coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus is the primary species responsible for the progression of AD. Even though Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an animal-origin pathogen, it is increasingly becoming a source of concern in human diseases. As another coagulase-positive Staphylococci, it is crucial to pay more attention to S. pseudintermedius isolated from the lesion site. RESULTS In our investigation, we presented a case of cheilitis in a patient with atopic dermatitis (AD). We utilized culture and next-generation genomic sequencing (NGS) to identify the bacteria present on the skin swabs taken from the lip sites both prior to and following treatment. Our findings indicated that the predominant bacteria colonizing the lesion site of AD were S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus, both of which were eradicated after treatment. The Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus demonstrated coordinated antibiotic susceptibility, with ST2384 and ST22 being the respective types. Although the skin abscess area resulting from S. pseudintermedius infection was significantly smaller than that caused by S. aureus in mice, the expression of cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) were significantly higher in the S. pseudintermedius-infected mice. CONCLUSIONS The S. pseudintermedius strain isolated from the lesion site of the AD patient exhibited a higher expression of IL-4 and IL-5 when colonized on mouse skin, as compared to S. aureus. This observation confirms that S. pseudintermedius can effectively induce the Th2 response in vivo. Our findings suggest that animal-origin S. pseudintermedius may play a role in the development of AD when colonized on the skin, emphasizing the importance of taking preventive measures when in contact with animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucui Wang
- Anhui University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Anhui, 232001, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Nadira Nurxat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Muyun Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qichen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Leesombun A, Sungpradit S, Bangphoomi N, Thongjuy O, Wechusdorn J, Riengvirodkij S, Wannawong J, Boonmasawai S. Effects of Piper betle Extracts against Biofilm Formation by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from Dogs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050741. [PMID: 37242523 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolated from dogs with cutaneous and wound infections has significantly impacted veterinary medicine. This study aimed to isolate S. pseudintermedius from canine pyoderma and investigate the effects of ethanolic extracts of Piper betle (PB), P. sarmentosum (PS), and P. nigrum (PN) on the bacterial growth and biofilm formation of S. pseudintermedius and MRSP. Of the isolated 152 isolates, 53 were identified as S. pseudintermedius using polymerase chain reaction, and 10 isolates (6.58%) were identified as MRSP based on the presence of mecA. Based on phenotype, 90% of MRSPs were multidrug-resistant. All MRSP had moderate (10%, 1/10) and strong (90%, 9/10) biofilm production ability. PB extracts were the most effective in inhibiting planktonic cells, and the minimum inhibitory concentration at which ≥50% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC50) was 256 µg/mL (256-1024 µg/mL) for S. pseudintermedius isolates and 512 µg/mL (256-1024 µg/mL) for MRSP isolates. The MIC90 for S. pseudintermedius and MRSP was 512 µg/mL. In XTT assay, PB at 4× MIC showed an inhibition rate of 39.66-68.90% and 45.58-59.13% for S. pseudintermedius and MRSP, respectively, in inhibiting biofilm formation. For PB at 8× MIC, the inhibition rates for S. pseudintermedius and MRSP were 50.74-81.66% and 59.57-78.33%, respectively. Further, 18 compounds were identified in PB using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and hydroxychavicol (36.02%) was the major constituent. These results indicated that PB could inhibit bacteria growth of and biofilm formation by S. pseudintermedius and MRSP isolated from canine pyoderma in a concentration-dependent manner. Therefore, PB is a potential candidate for the treatment of MRSP infection and biofilm formation in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpron Leesombun
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sivapong Sungpradit
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Norasuthi Bangphoomi
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Orathai Thongjuy
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jantraporn Wechusdorn
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sunee Riengvirodkij
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Jakaphan Wannawong
- Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Sookruetai Boonmasawai
- Department of Pre-Clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
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18
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Neumann N, Solis SAF, Crawford S, Rogovskyy AS. Are multiple blood cultures advantageous for canine patients? J Vet Diagn Invest 2023; 35:332-335. [PMID: 36942448 PMCID: PMC10185998 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231164095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful treatment of bacteremic patients depends largely on timely detection of blood-borne pathogens. Failure to detect an infection and/or contamination of blood samples can substantially delay the proper treatment. To increase the detection rate of blood-borne pathogens, well-established guidelines on blood collection and processing have been practiced in human medicine. Investigations involving human blood cultures have shown that the multiple blood sample approach significantly improves the detection rate of bacterial pathogens in the blood. Unfortunately, veterinary-specific blood culture guidelines have not been defined. Therefore, we compared detection rates of blood-borne pathogens between single and multiple blood culture approaches in a retrospective study of the clinical data from canine blood culture cases. We analyzed the data that had been collected over ~6 y and 8 mo from 177 dogs admitted to a veterinary medical teaching hospital. The triple blood culture approach increased the detection rate of blood-borne pathogens by 19.5% compared to single sampling. The optimal timing between multiple sample collections remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natanel Neumann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sindi Alesia Flores Solis
- Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Scott Crawford
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Artem S. Rogovskyy
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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19
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Rampacci E, Felicetti T, Cernicchi G, Stefanetti V, Sabatini S, Passamonti F. Inhibition of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Efflux Pumps by Using Staphylococcus aureus NorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050806. [PMID: 37237709 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One promising approach in treating antibiotic-resistant bacteria is to "break" resistances connected with antibacterial efflux by co-administering efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) with antibiotics. Here, ten compounds, previously optimized to restore the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (CIP) of norA-overexpressing Staphylococcus aureus, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit norA-mediated efflux in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and synergize with CIP, ethidium bromide (EtBr), gentamycin (GEN), and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). We focused efforts on S. pseudintermedius as a pathogenic bacterium of concern within veterinary and human medicine. By combining data from checkerboard assays and EtBr efflux inhibition experiments, the hits 2-arylquinoline 1, dihydropyridine 6, and 2-phenyl-4-carboxy-quinoline 8 were considered the best EPIs for S. pseudintermedius. Overall, most of the compounds, except for 2-arylquinoline compound 2, were able to fully restore the susceptibility of S. pseudintermedius to CIP and synergize with GEN as well, while the synergistic effect with CHX was less significant and often did not show a dose-dependent effect. These are valuable data for medicinal chemistry optimization of EPIs for S. pseudintermedius and lay the foundation for further studies on successful EPIs to treat staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giada Cernicchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Stefanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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20
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Leal M, Morais C, Ramos B, Pomba C, Abrantes P, Costa SS, Couto I. Exploring Efflux as a Mechanism of Reduced Susceptibility towards Biocides and Fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071270. [PMID: 37048526 PMCID: PMC10093712 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the main bacterial cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in companion animals, particularly dogs. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains, frequently with multidrug resistance phenotypes is a public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate efflux, a resistance mechanism still poorly characterized in S. pseudintermedius, as a contributor to biocide and fluoroquinolone resistance. Susceptibility to the efflux pump substrates ethidium bromide (EtBr), tetraphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination for 155 SSTIs-related S. pseudintermedius in companion animals. EtBr and TPP MIC distributions were analyzed to estimate cut-off (COWT) values. The effect of the efflux inhibitors (EIs) thioridazine and verapamil was assessed upon MICs and fluorometric EtBr accumulation assays, performed with/without glucose and/or EIs. This approach detected a non-wild type population towards TPP with increased efflux, showed to be strain-specific and glucose-dependent. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was mainly linked to target gene mutations, yet a contribution of efflux on CIP resistance levels could not be ruled out. In sum, this study highlights the relevance of efflux-mediated resistance in clinical S. pseudintermedius, particularly to biocides, and provides a methodological basis for further studies on the efflux activity on this important pathogen of companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Leal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Morais
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Ramos
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- CIISA, Centre of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- GeneVet, Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular Veterinário, Rua Quinta da Nora Loja 3B, 2790-140 Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Abrantes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Santos Costa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
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21
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Markey BK, Leonard FC. Special Issue-Resistant Staphylococci in Animals. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040240. [PMID: 37104395 PMCID: PMC10142333 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci figure prominently among those bacteria demonstrating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and are thus responsible for significant problems concerning the treatment of the animals and humans that they infect [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan K Markey
- Section of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Finola C Leonard
- Section of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland
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22
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Complete Genome Sequences of 11 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates from Dogs in the United States. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0000223. [PMID: 36877101 PMCID: PMC10112120 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00002-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the genome sequences of 11 canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from New York, New Hampshire, California, Pennsylvania, and Kansas. The sequencing information will enable spatial phylogenetic comparisons of staphylococcal species and other related species and will help in better understanding their virulence potential.
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23
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Lake KM, Rankin SC, Rosenkrantz WS, Sastry L, Jacob M, Campos DD, Maddock K, Cole SD. In vitro efficacy of 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene against meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:33-39. [PMID: 36097719 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for alternative topical therapies as a consequence of the increased prevalence of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) skin infections in dogs. Sodium oxychlorosene has been used as a topical antibacterial agent in human medicine since 1955. OBJECTIVES To determine whether 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene solutions have a bactericidal effect (>3-log reduction) on MRSP strains isolated from canine skin infections. METHODS AND MATERIALS A genetically heterogeneous collection of MRSP isolates from dogs was assembled from laboratories across the United States. Time-kill assays were performed with 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene on a 0.5 McFarland standard [approximately 108 colony-forming units (cfu/ml)] suspension of each strain. The average bacterial counts (cfu/ml) of each MRSP strain then were determined at 5, 10, 20 and 60 s after exposure to sodium oxychlorosene; cfu/ml data were converted to log10 scale to calculate microbial reduction. RESULTS The average bacterial counts following exposure to the 0.2% solution at 5, 10, 20 and 60 s were 6.94 × 104 , 5.63 × 103 , 2.96 × 102 and 1.48 × 102 cfu/ml, respectively. For the 0.4% solution, the average bacterial count at 5 s was 2.12 × 103 cfu/ml. No bacterial growth was observed for any MRSP strain by 10 s. The greatest reduction in cfu/ml occurred within 5 s following exposure to each solution 3.4-log and 4.9-log reduction for 0.2% and 0.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE 0.2% and 0.4% sodium oxychlorosene solutions have a bactericidal effect (>99.9% reduction) against MRSP in vitro. Further in vivo studies are necessary to determine whether it is an appropriate alternative therapy for canine pyoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelley C Rankin
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Lakshmi Sastry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dubra Diaz Campos
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kelli Maddock
- AES Veterinary Diagnostic Services, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Stephen D Cole
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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Lu J, Hamblen EE, Brenner LJ, King JL, VonHoldt BM, DeCandia AL. Ear mite infection restructures otic microbial networks in conservation-reliant Santa Catalina Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae). Mol Ecol 2023; 32:892-903. [PMID: 36435981 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ceruminous gland tumours are highly prevalent in the ear canals of Santa Catalina Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae). Previous work suggests that tumours may result from a combination of ectoparasites, disruption of the host-associated microbiome, and host immunopathology. More specifically, ear mite infection has been associated with broad-scale microbial dysbiosis marked by secondary bacterial infection with the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Together, ear mites and S. pseudintermedius probably sustain chronic inflammation and promote conditions suitable for tumour development. In the present study, we expanded upon this framework by constructing otic microbial community networks for mite-infected and uninfected foxes sampled in 2017-2019. Across sampling years, we observed consistent signatures of microbial dysbiosis in mite-infected ear canals, including reduced microbial diversity and shifted abundance towards S. pseudintermedius. Network analysis further revealed that mite infection disrupts overall community structure. In mite-infected networks, interaction strengths between taxa were generally weaker, and numerous subnetworks disappeared altogether. We also found that two strains of S. pseudintermedius connected to the main network, suggesting that multistrain biofilm formation may be occurring. In contrast, S. pseudintermedius is peripheral in the uninfected network, with its only connections including a second strain of S. pseudintermedius and the possible competitor Acinetobacter rhizosphaerae. Finally, the lineup of potential keystone taxa shifted across disease states. Fusobacteria spp., a carcinogenesis-promoting microbe, assumed a keystone role in the mite-infected community. Considered together, these findings provide insights into how mite infection may destabilize the microbiome and ultimately contribute to tumour development in this island endemic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Lu
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Lara J Brenner
- Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California, USA.,The Nature Conservancy, Ventura, California, USA
| | - Julie L King
- Catalina Island Conservancy, Avalon, California, USA.,Santa Clara Valley Habitat Agency, Morgan Hill, California, USA
| | - Bridgett M VonHoldt
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexandra L DeCandia
- Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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25
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Bruno Filho F, Ataíde W, Stella A, Benite-Ribeiro S, Nebo L, Amaral A. Inhibition potential of Caryocar brasiliense on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from the ocular surface of dogs with ophthalmopathies. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of multiresistant bacteria. Faced with this, the search for antibiotics from plants has proven to be a promising alternative. The objective of this work was to isolate and identify Staphylococcus sp. resistant to methicillin of the ocular surface of dogs with ophthalmopathies and to evaluate its susceptibility to alcoholic extract of the bark and hexane extract of the pulp of Caryocar brasiliense. Biological material was collected from the ocular surface of 21 dogs presenting ophthalmopathies. We isolated 64 S. pseudintermedius, among these, 4 isolates were identified as methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP). The alcoholic extract of C. brasiliense peel was able to inhibit the bacterial growth of MRSP isolates at a concentration of 2.2%. Thus, the extract from the C. brasiliense peel has antimicrobial potential and represents an alternative in the control of MRSP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L. Nebo
- Universidade Federal de Jataí, Brasil
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26
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Morais C, Costa SS, Leal M, Ramos B, Andrade M, Ferreira C, Abrantes P, Pomba C, Couto I. Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius associated with skin and soft-tissue infections in companion animals in Lisbon, Portugal. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1167834. [PMID: 37138637 PMCID: PMC10149759 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1167834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the main bacterial pathogen of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) in companion animals. Antimicrobial resistance in this species is a growing public health concern. This study aims to characterize a collection of S. pseudintermedius causing SSTIs in companion animals, establishing the main clonal lineages and antimicrobial resistance traits. The collection corresponded to all S. pseudintermedius (n = 155) causing SSTIs in companion animals (dogs, cats and one rabbit) collected between 2014 and 2018 at two laboratories in Lisbon, Portugal. Susceptibility patterns were established by disk diffusion for 28 antimicrobials (15 classes). For antimicrobials without clinical breakpoints available, a cut-off value (COWT) was estimated, based on the distribution of the zones of inhibition. The blaZ and mecA genes were screened for the entire collection. Other resistance genes (e.g., erm, tet, aadD, vga(C), dfrA(S1)) were searched only for those isolates showing an intermediate/resistance phenotype. For fluoroquinolone resistance, we determined the chromosomal mutations in the target genes grlA and gyrA. All the isolates were typed by PFGE following SmaI macrorestriction and isolates representative of each PFGE type were further typed by MLST. Forty-eight out of the 155 S. pseudintermedius isolates (31.0%) were methicillin-resistant (mecA +, MRSP). Multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes were detected for 95.8% of the MRSP and 22.4% of the methicillin-susceptible (MSSP) isolates. Of particular concern, only 19 isolates (12.3%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. In total, 43 different antimicrobial resistance profiles were detected, mostly associated with the carriage of blaZ, mecA, erm(B), aph3-IIIa, aacA-aphD, cat pC221, tet(M) and dfr(G) genes. The 155 isolates were distributed within 129 PFGE clusters, grouped by MLST in 42 clonal lineages, 25 of which correspond to new sequence types (STs). While ST71 remains the most frequent S. pseudintermedius lineage, other lineages that have been replacing ST71 in other countries were detected, including ST258, described for the first time in Portugal. This study revealed a high frequency of MRSP and MDR profiles among S. pseudintermedius associated with SSTIs in companion animals in our setting. Additionally, several clonal lineages with different resistance profiles were described, evidencing the importance of a correct diagnosis and selection of the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Morais
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Santos Costa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Leal
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Ramos
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Andrade
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Ferreira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Abrantes
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Constança Pomba
- Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistance, CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- GeneVet, Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular Veterinário, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Isabel Couto,
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27
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Abdullahi IN, Zarazaga M, Campaña‐Burguet A, Eguizábal P, Lozano C, Torres C. Nasal Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius carriage in healthy dogs and cats: a systematic review of their antibiotic resistance, virulence and genetic lineages of zoonotic relevance. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3368-3390. [PMID: 36063061 PMCID: PMC9828638 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecular ecology of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and their methicillin-resistant strains in healthy dogs and cats could serve as good models to understand the concept of bacterial zoonosis due to animal companionship. This study aims to provide insights into pooled prevalence, genetic lineages, virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among healthy dogs and cats. Original research and brief communication articles published from 2001 to 2021 that reported the nasal detection of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius in healthy dogs and cats in the community, homes and outside veterinary clinics were examined and analysed. Forty-nine studies were eligible and included in this systematic review. The pooled prevalence of nasal carriage of S. aureus/methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in healthy dogs and cats were 10.9% (95% CI: 10.1-11.9)/2.8% (95% CI: 2.4-3.2) and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9-4.8)/0.5% (95% CI: 0.0-1.1), respectively. Conversely, the pooled prevalence of S. pseudintermedius/methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in healthy dogs and cats were 18.3% (95% CI: 17.1-19.7)/3.1% (95% CI: 2.5-3.7) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.6-2.4)/1.2% (95% CI: 0.6-2.3), respectively. Although highly diverse genetic lineages of S. aureus were detected in healthy dogs and cats, MSSA-CC1/CC5/CC22/CC45/CC121/CC398 and MRSA-CC5/CC93/CC22/CC30 were mostly reported in dogs; and MSSA-CC5/CC8/CC15/CC48 and MRSA-CC22/CC30/CC80 in cats. Of note, MSSA-CC398 isolates (spa-types t034 and t5883) were detected in dogs. Genetic lineages often associated with MSSP/MRSP were ST20/ST71, highlighting the frequent detection of the epidemic European MRSP-ST71 clone in dogs. S. aureus isolates carrying the luk-S/F-PV, tst, eta, etb and etd genes were seldomly detected in dogs, and luk-S/F-PV was the unique virulence factor reported in isolates of cats. S. pseudintermedius isolates harbouring the luk-S/F-I, seint and expA genes were frequently found, especially in dogs. High and diverse rates of AMR were noted, especially among MRSA/MRSP isolates. There is a need for additional studies on the molecular characterization of isolates from countries with under-studied nasal staphylococci isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Allelén Campaña‐Burguet
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Paula Eguizábal
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, One‐Health Research GroupUniversity of La RiojaLogroñoSpain
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28
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Rampacci E, Felicetti T, Pietrella D, Sabatini S, Passamonti F. Drug efflux transporters in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: in silico prediction and characterization of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:3283-3290. [PMID: 36173389 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform an in silico prediction of drug efflux pumps (EPs) in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and investigate their role in conferring resistance to antibiotic and biocidal agents and biofilm formation. METHODS A S. pseudintermedius efflux mutant was obtained by stimulating an isogenic line (ATCC 49444) with increasing concentrations of an efflux system substrate. Changes in antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm-forming capability were evaluated in the presence/absence of the EP inhibitors (EPIs) thioridazine and reserpine and the efflux activity was assayed by fluorometry. Homologues of EPs of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were searched by exploratory GenBank investigations. Gene expression analyses and sequencing were then conducted on selected genes. RESULTS Susceptibility to chlorhexidine, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, but not enrofloxacin, was affected by the increased efflux and it was variably restored by the EPIs. The efflux mutant showed much greater biofilm formation that the original strain, which was significantly inhibited by thioridazine and reserpine at MIC/2. A high expression of norA, which was mgrA-independent, was found in the S. pseudintermedius efflux mutant, apparently regulated by an 11 bp deletion in its promoter region, whilst lmrB was transitorily overexpressed. icaA, which encodes the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin forming the extracellular matrix of staphylococcal biofilm, was also up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS EPs, particularly NorA, are supposed to have complex involvement in multiple stages of resistance development. Overexpression of EPs appears to be correlated with a remarkable increase of S. pseudintermedius biofilm production; however, the regulatory mechanisms remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietrella
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, via Gambuli 1, Perugia 06156, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
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29
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Ovchinnikov KV, Kranjec C, Thorstensen T, Carlsen H, Diep DB. Bacteriocins Revitalize Non-Effective Penicillin G to Overcome Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121691. [PMID: 36551348 PMCID: PMC9774949 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is among the biggest challenges in human and veterinary medicine. One of the major factors that contributes to resistance is use of frontline clinical antibiotics in veterinary practices. To avoid this problem, searching for antimicrobials aimed at veterinary applications is becoming especially important. Thiopeptide micrococcin P1 and leaderless peptide EntEJ97s are two different bacteriocins that are very active against many gram-positive bacteria; however, sensitive bacteria can rapidly develop resistance towards those bacteriocins. To overcome this problem, we searched for synergy between those bacteriocins and conventional antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP): a common pathogen in animal skin infections. The two bacteriocins acted synergistically with each other and with penicillin G against MRSP clinical isolates in both planktonic and biofilm assays; they also prevented resistance development. The therapeutic potential was further validated in a murine skin infection model that showed that a combination of micrococcin P1, EntEJ97s and penicillin G reduced cell-forming units of MRSP by 2-log10 CFU/g. Taken together, our data show that a combination of bacteriocins with conventional antibiotics can not only prevent resistance development but also pave the way to revitalize some old, less useful antibiotics, such as penicillin, which by itself has no effect on methicillin-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Ovchinnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Christian Kranjec
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Tage Thorstensen
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1431 Ås, Norway
- AgriBiotix AS, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
- Correspondence:
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30
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Mauer AN, Allbaugh RA, Kreuder AJ, Sebbag L. Impact of multi-drug resistance on clinical outcomes of dogs with corneal ulcers infected with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1083294. [PMID: 36504873 PMCID: PMC9729527 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1083294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Compare characteristics and clinical outcomes of dogs with infectious keratitis from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius considered to be multidrug-resistant (MDR) or not. Procedures Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated as the primary pathogen from canine patients with ulcerative keratitis were considered MDR if resistant to at least one agent in three or more classes of antibiotics. Medical records were reviewed for history, patients' characteristics, clinical appearance, therapeutic interventions, and clinical outcomes. Results Twenty-eight dogs (28 eyes) were included. Compared to non-MDR cases, MDR diagnosis was significantly more common in dogs with recent (≤30 days) anesthesia (7/15 vs. 1/13, P = 0.038) and more common in non-brachycephalic dogs (8/15 vs. 2/13, P = 0.055). Clinical appearance (ulcer size/depth, anterior chamber reaction, etc.) did not differ significantly between groups (P ≥ 0.055). Median (range) time to re-epithelialization was longer in MDR vs. non-MDR eyes [29 (10-47) vs. 22 (7-42) days] but the difference was not significant (P = 0.301). Follow-up time was significantly longer in dogs with MDR keratitis [47 (29-590) vs. 29 (13-148) days, P = 0.009]. No other significant differences were noted between MDR and non-MDR eyes in regard to time for ulcer stabilization [4 (1-17) days vs. 4 (1-12), P = 0.699], number of eyes requiring surgical stabilization (7/15 vs. 7/13, P = 0.246) or enucleation (1/15 vs. 2/13, P = 1.000), success in maintaining globe (14/15 vs. 11/13, P = 0.583) or success in maintaining vision (12/15 vs. 10/13, P = 1.000). Conclusions MDR infections may prolong corneal healing time but did not appear to affect overall clinical outcomes in dogs with bacterial keratitis. Further research is warranted in a larger canine population and other bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N. Mauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Rachel A. Allbaugh
| | - Amanda J. Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Lionel Sebbag
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States,Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel,Lionel Sebbag
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Virulence Potential of Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus coagulans Causing Skin Infections in Companion Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101339. [PMID: 36289997 PMCID: PMC9598800 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) account for most bacteria-related pyoderma in companion animals. Emergence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or Staphylococcus coagulans (MRSC), often with multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes, is a public health concern. The study collection comprised 237 staphylococci (S. pseudintermedius (n = 155), S. aureus (n = 55) and S. coagulans (n = 27)) collected from companion animals, previously characterized regarding resistance patterns and clonal lineages. Biofilm production was detected for 51.0% (79/155), 94.6% (52/55) and 88.9% (24/27) of the S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus and S. coagulans, respectively, and was a frequent trait of the predominant S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus clonal lineages. The production of biofilm varied with NaCl supplementation of the growth media. All S. pseudintermedius and S. aureus strains carried icaADB. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of Galleria mellonella infected with different CoPS revealed a higher virulence potential of S. aureus when compared with other CoPS. Our study highlights a high frequency of biofilm production by prevalent antimicrobial-resistant clonal lineages of CoPS associated with animal pyoderma, potentially related with a higher virulence potential and persistent or recurrent infections.
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32
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Stewart GC. Staphylococcus. Vet Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119650836.ch25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Dogs with Superficial Pyoderma and Their Owners. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9070306. [PMID: 35878323 PMCID: PMC9325117 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9070306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial communities on the skin of dogs include several species of bacteria, which contribute to skin health and disease. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, cultured at high frequency from the skin of dogs, is an opportunistic pathogen causing superficial pyoderma. Effective treatment against S. pseudintermedius infections is an important issue in veterinary medicine. However, multiple antibiotic-resistant mechanisms gradually developed by bacteria make treatment more challenging nowadays. Drug-resistant genes may have the chance to be transferred from infected dogs to other staphylococci in humans. The objective of this survey is to investigate the bacterial species that cause canine superficial pyoderma and characterize the antibiotic-resistant profiles and drug-resistant genes of isolated S. pseudintermedius. In addition, the possible risk factors causing S. pseudintermedius colonizing owners were also evaluated by a questionnaire survey. Sixty-five bacteria were isolated from dogs with superficial pyoderma, which included 47 S. pseudintermedius (72.3%), 12 other staphylococci (18.5%), 4 other Gram-positive bacteria (6.2%) and 2 Gram-negative bacteria (3.1%). Strains containing mecA and blaZ genes showed multiple-drug resistance characteristics. Dogs that received antimicrobial treatment within a recent month were at significantly higher risk of MRSP infections. Only five S. pseudintermedius strains (8.33%) were isolated from 60 samples of owners. Risk factor analysis indicated there was no significant association between S. pseudintermedius isolated from dogs and owners, but the “Keeping three or more dogs” and “Dogs can lick the owner’s face” have high odds ratios of 3.503 and 5.712, respectively. MRSP isolates belonged to three different dru types, including dt11y (29.41%), dt11a (47.06%) and dt10cp (23.53%). In conclusion, the major pathogen of canine superficial pyoderma is found to be S. pseudintermedius in Taiwan, and isolates which are mecA- or blaZ-positive are generally more resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Although S. pseudintermedius isolated from the owners might be transferred from their dogs, definite risk factors should be examined in the future study.
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Hernandez Santos H, Clark J, Terwilliger A, Maresso A. Discovery of the First Lytic Staphylococcus pseudintermedius/ Staphylococcus aureus Polyvalent Bacteriophages. PHAGE (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2022; 3:116-124. [PMID: 36157281 PMCID: PMC9248872 DOI: 10.1089/phage.2022.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Background There are no verified lytic Staphylococcus pseudintermedius phages in the literature and few temperate phage genomes in databases. S. pseudintermedius is an opportunistic zoonotic pathogen of great importance in veterinary and human medicine. Materials and Methods We discovered phages against canine-derived S. pseudintermedius isolates by screening dog feces, hair, and skin swabs. Fourteen new phages were isolated and characterized by genomic analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and host range determination. Results Three phages-DH2, DH5, and DS10, a phage K variant-were predicted lytic by sequencing, a designation supported by mitomycin C induction. All three are S. pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus aureus polyvalent phages, with DH2 and DS10 being strong killers of both species. Conclusions We report discovery of the first verified lytic S. pseudintermedius phages and suggest dog hair as a novel reservoir. DH2, DH5, and DS10 are promising candidates toward developing an anti-Staphylococcal phage cocktail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroldo Hernandez Santos
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Molecular Virology and Microbiology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Justin Clark
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Molecular Virology and Microbiology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Austen Terwilliger
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Molecular Virology and Microbiology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony Maresso
- Tailored Antibacterials and Innovative Laboratories for Phage (Φ) Research (TAILΦR), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Molecular Virology and Microbiology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Adiguzel MC, Schaefer K, Rodriguez T, Ortiz J, Sahin O. Prevalence, Mechanism, Genetic Diversity, and Cross-Resistance Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Isolated from Companion Animal Clinical Samples Submitted to a Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory in the Midwestern United States. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050609. [PMID: 35625253 PMCID: PMC9138002 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRS) is a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections in companion animals, with limited treatment options available due to the frequent cross-resistance of MRS to other antibiotics. In this study, we report the prevalence, species distribution, genetic diversity, resistance mechanism and cross-resistance patterns of MRS isolated from companion animal (mostly dog and cat) clinical cases submitted to Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) between 2012 and 2019. The majority of isolates were identified as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (68.3%; 2379/3482) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (24.6%; 857/3482), of which 23.9% and 40.5% were phenotypically resistant to methicillin, respectively. Cross resistance to other β-lactams (and to a lesser extent to non-β-lactams) was common in both methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and CoNS (MRCoNS), especially when oxacillin MIC was ≥4 μg/mL (vs. ≥0.5−<4 μg/mL). The PBP2a protein was detected by agglutination in 94.6% (521/551) MRSP and 64.3% (146/227) MRCoNS. A further analysis of 31 PBP2a-negative MRS isolates (all but one MRCoNS) indicated that 11 were mecA gene-positive while 20 were negative for mecA and other mec genes by PCR. The resistance to last-resort anti-staphylococcal human drugs (e.g., tigecycline, linezolid, vancomycin) among the MRS tested was none to very low. Even though genotyping indicated an overall high level of genetic diversity (87 unique PFGE patterns and 20 MLST types) among a subset of MRSP isolates tested (n = 106), certain genotypes were detected from epidemiologically connected cases at the same or different time points, suggesting persistence and/or nosocomial transmission. These results indicate a relatively high prevalence of MRS from companion animals in the Midwestern US; therefore, it is important to perform routine susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus in veterinary clinical settings for the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cemal Adiguzel
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Kayla Schaefer
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Trevor Rodriguez
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Jessica Ortiz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (M.C.A.); (K.S.); (T.R.); (J.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-515-294-3861
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Staphylococcus aureus Causing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections in Companion Animals: Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Clonal Lineages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050599. [PMID: 35625243 PMCID: PMC9137735 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a relevant agent of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in animals. Fifty-five S. aureus comprising all SSTI-related isolates in companion animals, collected between 1999 and 2018 (Lab 1) or 2017 and 2018 (Lab 2), were characterized regarding susceptibility to antibiotics and heavy metals and carriage of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Clonal lineages were established by PFGE, MLST and agr typing. Over half of the isolates (56.4%, 31/55) were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and 14.5% showed a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Resistance was most frequently observed for beta-lactams (81.8%, related to blaZ and/or mecA), fluoroquinolones (56.4%) and macrolides/lincosamides (14.5%, related to erm(A) or erm(C)). The distributions of heavy-metal MICs allowed the detection of non-wild-type populations associated with several resistance genes. The collection showed genetic diversity, with prevalence of clonal lineage ST22-agrI (45.5%, 25/55), comprising only MRSA isolates, and several less frequently detected clones, including ST5-agrII (14.6%, 8/55), ST398-agrI (9.1%, 5/55) and ST72-agrI (7.3%, 4/55). This work highlights the high frequency of SSTI-related MRSA strains that reflect the clonal lineages circulating both in companion animals and humans in Portugal, reinforcing the need for a One Health approach when studying staphylococci causing infections in companion animals.
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Fungwithaya P, Sontigun N, Boonhoh W, Boonchuay K, Wongtawan T. Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius on the environmental surfaces of a recently constructed veterinary hospital in Southern Thailand. Vet World 2022; 15:1087-1096. [PMID: 35698521 PMCID: PMC9178593 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1087-1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a zoonotic bacterium commonly found in animals, especially dogs. These bacteria can survive on environmental surfaces for several months. The infection of S. pseudintermedius from the environment is possible, but properly cleaning surface objects can prevent it. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) in the environment of a recently constructed veterinary hospital in Southern Thailand, where we hypothesized that the prevalence of MRSP might be very low. Materials and Methods: At three different time points, 150 samples were collected from different environmental surfaces and wastewater across the veterinary hospital. The collection was done after the hospital’s cleaning. Bacteria were purified in the culture before being identified as species by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Next, the antimicrobial-resistant profile was performed using an automated system (Vitek 2). Finally, the antimicrobial resistance genes were identified using PCR. Results: Fifteen colonies of S. pseudintermedius were isolated from the surfaces of eight floors, four tables, two chairs, and one rebreathing tube. Fourteen colonies (93.3%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and carried the blaZ gene (93.3%). The majority of colonies were resistant to benzylpenicillin (93.3%), cefovecin (93.3%), ceftiofur (93.3%), kanamycin (93.3%), and neomycin (93.3%). Notably, only four colonies (26.7%) were methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius, whereas 11 colonies (73.3%) were MRSP and carried both the mecA and blaZ genes. Five MRSP (45.5%) were resistant to at least 14 antimicrobial drugs, represented as extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria. Ten of eleven MRSP (90.9%) were Staphylococcal chromosomal mec type V, while another displayed untypeable. Despite the routine and extensive cleaning with detergent and disinfectant, MRSP isolates were still detectable. Conclusion: Many isolates of MRSP were found in this veterinary hospital. Almost all of them were MDR, and nearly half were XDR, posing a threat to animals and humans. In addition, the current hospital cleaning procedure proved ineffective. Future research should be conducted to determine the bacterial biofilm properties and bacterial sensitivity to certain detergents and disinfectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punpichaya Fungwithaya
- Centre of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and other Microorganism, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Centre for One Health, Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Narin Sontigun
- Centre of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and other Microorganism; Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Centre for One Health, Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Worakan Boonhoh
- Centre for One Health, Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Kanpapat Boonchuay
- Centre for One Health, Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Centre of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and other Microorganism, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Centre for One Health, Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
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Souza-Silva T, Rossi CC, Andrade-Oliveira AL, Vilar LC, Pereira MF, Penna BDA, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Interspecies transfer of plasmid-borne gentamicin resistance between Staphylococcus isolated from domestic dogs to Staphylococcus aureus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105230. [PMID: 35104683 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As preconized by the One Health concept, the intimate relationship between pets and owners is a common source for the trade of microorganisms with zoonotic potential, and with them, antimicrobial resistance genes. In this work, we evaluated the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes, that are usually within mobile genetic elements, in a laboratory collection of 79 canine Staphylococcus strains, mostly Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus coagulans. Resistance to tetracycline was observed in 34% of the strains, followed by resistance to erythromycin (21%) and gentamicin (19%). These phenotypes were partially correlated with the presence of the tetracycline resistance genes tet(M) and tet(K) in 64% and 44% of all strains, respectively; erythromycin resistance genes erm(A) and erm(C) in 53% and 23%; and gentamicin resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2″) in 26% of the strains. At least 45% of the strains harbored high- and/or low-molecular weight plasmids, whose transfer may be facilitated by their widespread biofilm-forming capacity, and absence of restrictive CRISPR systems. We selected eight plasmid-bearing and multidrug resistant strains, which were submitted to plasmid curing by stress with SDS. No strain lost resistance during stressing cultivation but, by conjugation experiments, the S. pseudintermedius strain 27 transferred its plasmid-borne resistance to gentamicin, conferred by the aac(6')-aph(2″) gene, to Staphylococcus aureus. The frequent empirical use of gentamicin to treat skin and ear infections in domestic dogs is likely to select resistant strains. Also, as demonstrated by our study, these strains can serve as gene reservoirs for human pathogens, such as S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaysa Souza-Silva
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa Andrade-Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Cecílio Vilar
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Carangola, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Bruce SA, Smith JT, Mydosh JL, Ball J, Needle DB, Gibson R, Andam CP. Accessory Genome Dynamics of Local and Global Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Populations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:798175. [PMID: 35222331 PMCID: PMC8867027 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.798175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a major bacterial colonizer and opportunistic pathogen in dogs. Methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) continues to emerge as a significant challenge to maintaining canine health. We sought to determine the phylogenetic relationships of S. pseudintermedius across five states in the New England region of the United States and place them in a global context. The New England dataset consisted of 125 previously published S. pseudintermedius genomes supplemented with 45 newly sequenced isolates. The core genome phylogenetic tree revealed many deep branching lineages consisting of 142 multi-locus sequence types (STs). In silico detection of the mecA gene revealed 40 MRSP and 130 methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) isolates. MRSP were derived from five structural types of SCCmec, the mobile genetic element that carries the mecA gene conferring methicillin resistance. Although many genomes were MSSP, they nevertheless harbored genes conferring resistance to many other antibiotic classes, including aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines and penams. We compared the New England genomes to 297 previously published genomes sampled from five other states in the United States and 13 other countries. Despite the prevalence of the clonally expanding ST71 found worldwide and in other parts of the United States, we did not detect it in New England. We next sought to interrogate the combined New England and global datasets for the presence of coincident gene pairs linked to antibiotic resistance. Analysis revealed a large co-circulating accessory gene cluster, which included mecA as well as eight other resistance genes [aac (6′)-Ie-aph (2″)-Ia, aad (6), aph (3′)-IIIa, sat4, ermB, cat, blaZ, and tetM]. Furthermore, MRSP isolates carried significantly more accessory genes than their MSSP counterparts. Our results provide important insights to the evolution and geographic spread of high-risk clones that can threaten the health of our canine companions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer A Bruce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Joshua T Smith
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States.,Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer L Mydosh
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - John Ball
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - David B Needle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States.,New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Robert Gibson
- New Hampshire Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Cheryl P Andam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
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Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs and cats. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07080. [PMID: 35126739 PMCID: PMC8805099 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (S. pseudintermedius) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for dogs and cats in a previous scientific opinion. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9, and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR S. pseudintermedius can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (30-90% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2 and 4 (Categories A, B and D; 0-1%, 1-10% and 10-33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel is uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Sections 3 and 5 (Categories C and E, 5-66% and 30-90% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively). The animal species to be listed for AMR S. pseudintermedius according to Article 8 criteria are mostly species belonging to the families of Canidae and Felidae, such as dogs and cats.
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Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance among Feline and Canine Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolates from Diagnostic Submissions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020127. [PMID: 35203730 PMCID: PMC8868327 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 114 Staphylococcus isolates from various infections of companion animals, including 43 feline Staphylococcus aureus, 19 canine S. aureus, 11 feline Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and 41 canine S. pseudintermedius were investigated for (i) their susceptibility to 24 antimicrobial agents and three combinations of antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution following CLSI recommendations and (ii) the corresponding resistance genes. In addition, the isolates were tested for their susceptibility to the four biocides benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, polyhexanide and octenidine by a recently developed biocide susceptibility testing protocol. Penicillin resistance via blaZ was the dominant resistance property in all four groups of isolates ranging between 76.7 and 90.9%. About one quarter of the isolates (25.4%) proved to be methicillin-resistant and carried the genes mecA or mecC. Macrolide resistance was the second most prevalent resistance property (27.2%) and all isolates harbored the resistance genes erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), erm(T) or msr(A), alone or in combinations. Fluoroquinolone resistance was detected in 21.1% of all isolates tested, whereas tetracycline resistance via tet(K) and/or tet(M) occurred in 19.3% of the isolates. Resistance to last resort antimicrobial agents in human medicine was seen only in single isolates, if at all. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the four biocides showed unimodal distributions and were very similar for the four groups of staphylococci. Because of the large number of (multi)resistant isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility testing of feline and canine S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates is highly recommended before the start of an antimicrobial chemotherapy. Moreover, no hints towards the development of biocide resistance were detected.
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OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6534253. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Blondeau LD, Deutscher M, Rubin JE, Deneer H, Kanthan R, Sanche S, Blondeau JM. Urinary tract infection in a human male patient with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius transmission from the family dog. J Chemother 2021; 34:133-136. [PMID: 34747350 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.1995251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is increasingly recognized as a human pathogen. We report the first case of an urinary tract infection in a male patient with this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Blondeau
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - M Deutscher
- Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J E Rubin
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - H Deneer
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - R Kanthan
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - S Sanche
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J M Blondeau
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Ruiz-Ripa L, Fernández-Fernández R, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Ecology and Genetic Lineages of Nasal Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Carriage in Healthy Persons with or without Animal-Related Occupational Risks of Colonization: A Review of Global Reports. Pathogens 2021; 10:1000. [PMID: 34451464 PMCID: PMC8400700 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this conceptual review, we thoroughly searched for appropriate English articles on nasal staphylococci carriage among healthy people with no reported risk of colonization (Group A), food handlers (Group B), veterinarians (Group C), and livestock farmers (Group D) published between 2000 and 2021. Random-effects analyses of proportions were performed to determine the pooled prevalence of S. aureus, MRSA, MRSA-CC398, and MSSA-CC398, as well as the prevalence of PVL-positive S. aureus from all eligible studies. A total of 166 eligible papers were evaluated for Groups A/B/C/D (n = 58/31/26/51). The pooled prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in healthy humans of Groups A to D were 15.9, 7.8, 34.9, and 27.1%, and 0.8, 0.9, 8.6, and 13.5%, respectively. The pooled prevalence of MRSA-CC398 nasal carriage among healthy humans was as follows: Group A/B (<0.05%), Group C (1.4%), Group D (5.4%); and the following among Group D: pig farmers (8.4%) and dairy farmers (4.7%). The pooled prevalence of CC398 lineage among the MSSA and MRSA isolates from studies of the four groups were Group A (2.9 and 6.9%), B (1.5 and 0.0%), C (47.6% in MRSA), and D (11.5 and 58.8%). Moreover, MSSA-CC398 isolates of Groups A and B were mostly of spa-t571 (animal-independent clade), while those of Groups C and D were spa-t011 and t034. The MRSA-CC398 was predominately of t011 and t034 in all the groups (with few other spa-types, livestock-associated clades). The pooled prevalence of MSSA and MRSA isolates carrying the PVL encoding genes were 11.5 and 9.6% (ranges: 0.0-76.9 and 0.0-28.6%), respectively. Moreover, one PVL-positive MSSA-t011-CC398 isolate was detected in Group A. Contact with livestock and veterinary practice seems to increase the risk of carrying MRSA-CC398, but not in food handlers. Thus, this emphasizes the need for integrated molecular epidemiology of zoonotic staphylococci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain; (I.N.A.); (C.L.); (L.R.-R.); (R.F.-F.); (M.Z.)
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Suepaul S, Georges K, Unakal C, Boyen F, Sookhoo J, Ashraph K, Yusuf A, Butaye P. Determination of the frequency, species distribution and antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci isolated from dogs and their owners in Trinidad. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254048. [PMID: 34214140 PMCID: PMC8253405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The close contact between humans and their dogs can lead to the commingling of staphylococci and the exchange of mobile genetic elements encoding antimicrobial resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of staphylococci colonizing canine pets and their owners in Trinidad. Staphylococci were isolated from canine pets and their owners and identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against seven classes of antimicrobial agents. A total of 440 staphylococci were isolated from 112 canine pets and their owners, 53.4% were from canine pets and 46.6% were from owners. Twenty-four species were detected, of which, most isolates (32.5%) belonged to the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG). S. sciuri was the most common species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) comprising 22.3% of all isolates. Antimicrobial resistance was highest against commonly used antimicrobials, such as penicillin (51.4%), tetracycline (26.1%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (18.6%). These antimicrobials also comprised the most common multidrug resistance (MDR) combination. Overall, 19.1% of isolates displayed multidrug resistance. No methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were detected. However, methicillin resistance was detected in 13.3% and 15.1% of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and the CoNS+CoVS (combined CoNS and coagulase-variable staphylococci) group respectively. The presence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci is worrisome because there is the potential for the transfer of these strains between dogs and humans. These strains may act as a reservoir of resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharianne Suepaul
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- * E-mail:
| | - Karla Georges
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Chandrashekhar Unakal
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jamie Sookhoo
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Khalil Ashraph
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Anisah Yusuf
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Patrick Butaye
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre, St. Kitts and Nevis
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Ferriol-González C, Domingo-Calap P. Phage Therapy in Livestock and Companion Animals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:559. [PMID: 34064754 PMCID: PMC8150778 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The irrational use of antibiotics has led to a high emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The traditional overuse of antibiotics in the animal feed industry plays a crucial role in the emergence of these pathogens that pose both economic and health problems. In addition, antibiotics have also recently experienced an increase to treat companion animal infections, promoting the emergence of MDR bacteria in pets, which can reach humans. Phages have been proposed as an alternative for antibiotics for the treatment of livestock and companion animal infections due to their multiple advantages as adaptative drugs, such as their ability to evolve, to multiply at the site of infections, and their high specificity. Moreover, phage-derived enzymes may also be an interesting approach. However, the lack of regulation for this type of pharmaceutical hinders its potential commercialization. In this review, we summarize the main recent studies on phage therapy in livestock and companion animals, providing an insight into current advances in this area and the future of treatments for bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pilar Domingo-Calap
- Department of Genetics, Universitat de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain;
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, I2SysBio, Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Valencia, Spain
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